When laser ablation is subjected to supersonic flow, the influence mechanism of airflow on laser ablation behavior is still unclear. A coupled thermal-fluid-structure model is presented to investigate the influence of...When laser ablation is subjected to supersonic flow, the influence mechanism of airflow on laser ablation behavior is still unclear. A coupled thermal-fluid-structure model is presented to investigate the influence of supersonic airflow on the development of a laser ablation pit. Results show that the aerodynamic convection cooling effect not only reduces the ablation velocity but also changes the symmetry morphology of the ablation pit due to the non-uniform convective heat transfer. Flow mode transition is also observed when the pit becomes deeper, and significant change in flow pattern and heat transfer behavior are found when the open mode is transformed into the closed mode.展开更多
Differential equations of free/forced vibrations of n_step one_way thin rectangular plates subjected to in_plane tensile/compressive force in y_direction on Winkler's foundation are established by using singular f...Differential equations of free/forced vibrations of n_step one_way thin rectangular plates subjected to in_plane tensile/compressive force in y_direction on Winkler's foundation are established by using singular functions, their general solutions solved for, expression of vibration mode function and frequency equation on usual supports derived with W operator. Influence functions for various cases deduced here may also be used to solve problems of static buckling or stability for beams and plates in relevant circumstances.展开更多
The problem of a transversely isotropic elastic slab containing two coplanar cracks subjected to an antiplane deformation is considered. With the aid of an integral transform technique, we formulate the problem in ter...The problem of a transversely isotropic elastic slab containing two coplanar cracks subjected to an antiplane deformation is considered. With the aid of an integral transform technique, we formulate the problem in terms of a finite-part singular integral equation which can be solved numerically, Once the integral equation is solved, relevant quantities such as the crack energy can be readily computed.展开更多
We address the effects of processing parameters on residual stresses and fatigue properties of LY2 Al alloy by laser shock processing （LSP）. Results show that compressive residual stresses are generated near the sur...We address the effects of processing parameters on residual stresses and fatigue properties of LY2 Al alloy by laser shock processing （LSP）. Results show that compressive residual stresses are generated near the surface of samples due to LSP. The maximum compressive residual stress at the surface by two LSP impacts on one side is higher than that by one LSP impact. The maximum value of tensile residual stress is found at the mid-plane of samples subjected to two-sided LSP. Compared with fatigue lives of samples treated by single-sided LSP, lives of those treated by two-sided LSP are lower. However, these are higher than untreated ones.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disease with significant clinical and societal impact.Traditional diagnostic methods,including subjective clinical assessments and imaging techniques such as X-rays and MRIs,a...Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disease with significant clinical and societal impact.Traditional diagnostic methods,including subjective clinical assessments and imaging techniques such as X-rays and MRIs,are often limited in their ability to detect early-stage OA or capture subtle joint changes.These limitations result in delayed diagnoses and inconsistent outcomes.Additionally,the analysis of omics data is challenged by the complexity and high dimensionality of biological datasets,making it difficult to identify key molecular mechanisms and biomarkers.Recent advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)offer transformative potential to address these challenges.This review systematically explores the integration of AI into OA research,focusing on applications such as AI-driven early screening and risk prediction from electronic health records(EHR),automated grading and morphological analysis of imaging data,and biomarker discovery through multi-omics integration.By consolidating progress across clinical,imaging,and omics domains,this review provides a comprehensive perspective on how AI is reshaping OA research.The findings have the potential to drive innovations in personalized medicine and targeted interventions,addressing longstanding challenges in OA diagnosis and management.展开更多
Quanming Lu,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars.Rongbin Zhou,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young S...Quanming Lu,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars.Rongbin Zhou,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,Deputy Director,Life Sciences and Medicine,USTC.展开更多
Jiang Shaohong is my best friend.He is 14years old and he is in Class 1,Grade 8.He is clever and can learn things quickly.He works hard at all his subjects.He has many hobbies,such as reading,singing,dancing,and playi...Jiang Shaohong is my best friend.He is 14years old and he is in Class 1,Grade 8.He is clever and can learn things quickly.He works hard at all his subjects.He has many hobbies,such as reading,singing,dancing,and playing sports.He loves animals,so he keeps a small dog as a pet and takes good care of it at home.He is kind and helpful.He often helps his classmates with their studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavi...BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavior,and subjective well-being in the Indian population.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study.The recruited participants were evaluated using the BtP Scale,World Health Organzation-5 Well-Being index,Patient Health Ques-tionnaire-2,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item,Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale.RESULTS A total of 401 participants were recruited for the study.Symptoms of anxiety were higher in the female participants compared to males.Among females,there was a significant positive correlation between BtP score with symptoms of anxiety(r=0.23)and depression(r=0.15)and a negative correlation with subjective wellbeing(r=-0.23).A significant negative correlation was found between the ages of women and BtP score(r=-0.15).Among the male participants,there was a significant negative correlation of age with BtP score(r=-0.3)and anxiety(r=-0.19).Here,too,the BtP score was positively correlated with depression(r=0.18)and anxiety(r=0.35).CONCLUSION BtP worsens anxiety,depression,sleep quality,and subjective well-being.It needs to be targeted for the promotion and prevention of mental health.展开更多
Migration is a potential strategy to reduce poverty in the Global South.In China,the Poverty-alleviation Relocation(PAR)is a government-led,large-scale migration initiative aimed at eliminating poverty and promoting e...Migration is a potential strategy to reduce poverty in the Global South.In China,the Poverty-alleviation Relocation(PAR)is a government-led,large-scale migration initiative aimed at eliminating poverty and promoting environmental sustainability.To examine the ecological and socio-economic effects of the PAR,we quantified the changes in five types of ecosystem services(ES)as well as the subjective well-being of rural residents in Fuping county,Hebei province of China,by using ES mapping,household survey,and semi-structured interviews.We found that the PAR improves people's quality of life,with the well-being scores associated with transportation,communication,education,and healthcare increasing by 0.45–0.81.Additionally,the PAR enhances the supply of ES,evidenced by the increases in four types of ES in both in-migration and out-migration areas.The ES growth rates in in-migration areas ranged from 0.7%to 3.9%,while in out-migration areas,the rates ranged from 0.4%to 2.5%.However,the changes in income and food well-being are minimal,with scores at 0 and 0.32,respectively.More importantly,the elderly and low-educated residents experience minimal improvements in well-being after relocation.Our findings suggest that for other developing countries seeking to adopt PAR,it is crucial to provide targeted support for livelihood transitions,particularly for marginalized social groups,restore out-migration areas,and strengthen cross-regional cooperation to better address ecological constraints on livelihoods.展开更多
Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health an...Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health and addictive behaviors are the two main factors influencing SWB.This study aimed to identify key mental health and addictive behavior factors associated with adolescent SWB through machine learning models.Methods The data for this study comes from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children(HBSC)survey 2017/18.The study data contains health data from 60,450 adolescents aged 10–16 years.The study used the XGBoost machine learning model to analyze the impact of mental health and addictive behaviors on adolescent SWB.Gain was used to analyze the significance of the variables.The direction of action of the variables and the interaction between the variables were analyzed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)method.Results The model in this study has an accuracy of 86.7%and an AUC value of 0.85,showing its good predictive performance.Six key variables were filtered through Gain analysis.Feeling low and health as the two most important factors affecting SWB,with these two variables contributing 51.38%and 19.65%,respectively.Friends and thinking body as major factors influencing SWB in mental health.Smoking lifetime and sweets as major factors influencing SWB in addictive behaviors.The interactions and characteristic dependencies between these variables were further analyzed.The results showed that feeling low,friends,and sweets had a positive effect on SWB,while health and smoking lifetime showed a negative effect.In addition,a moderate thinking body contributes to SWB,whereas being too fat and too thin are both associated with decreased levels of SWB.Conclusion Mental health and addictive behavioral factors such as feeling low,friends,sweets,and smoking lifetime were significant factors influencing SWB.This provides a scientific basis for the development of public health policies and interventions aimed at enhancing adolescent well-being.展开更多
Set against the cultural and historical backdrop of 18th-century Venice,Giulia Elisabetta Lama’s(1681-1747)remarkable paintings reveal intriguing connections to mythology and science.Lama’s notable depiction of Satu...Set against the cultural and historical backdrop of 18th-century Venice,Giulia Elisabetta Lama’s(1681-1747)remarkable paintings reveal intriguing connections to mythology and science.Lama’s notable depiction of Saturn Devouring His Child,painted in oils in 1729 and now in a private collection,draws significant attention.展开更多
Subjective well-being is a key indicator of quality of life and a crucial factor for successful aging among older adults.However,few studies have explored the subjective well-being among older adults from the perspect...Subjective well-being is a key indicator of quality of life and a crucial factor for successful aging among older adults.However,few studies have explored the subjective well-being among older adults from the perspective of digital literacy.Therefore,this study explores the relationship between digital literacy and subjective well-being using data on 4270 older adults from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)dataset.PROCESS mediation analysis results indicated digital literacy is associated with higher subjective well-being among the older adults.Digital literacy was associated with the frequency of physical exercise and consumption.Moreover,Digital literacy can also enhance the subjective well-being among older adults by increasing the frequency of physical exercise,and consumption,and a chain mediator subjective well-being.These findings align with the theoretical framework of digital health literacy.Theory which posits that health information obtained through digital literacy can help older adults better engage in healthy lifestyles,thereby enhancing their quality of life.These findings hold significant practical implications for enhancing the subjective well-being among older adults and advancing the development of successful aging.展开更多
Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks...Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks often treat article usage through a dichotomy of“specific vs.non-specific reference”,yet struggle to effectively explain numerous marginal and unconventional linguistic phenomena,such as expressions like“go to the hospital”and“a Mr.Brown”.With the development of cognitive linguistics,language is viewed as an externalization of mental activity,and the intrinsic connection between linguistic structure and cognitive mechanisms has gained increasing attention.This paper,grounded in Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar theory,systematically analyzes the semantic construction process and cognitive motivations of English articles by integrating cognitive mechanisms such as figure-ground alignment,subjectivity,and mental spaces.By combining typical sentence examples,the paper reveals the deep cognitive structures underlying article usage from the dual perspectives of semantic representation and communicative function,aiming to provide a more explanatory theoretical framework for the grammatical teaching and cognitive research of English articles.展开更多
Unlike traditional literature where animals are often portrayed allegorically as mere symbols,in Pulitzer Prize winner Jane Smiley’s The Horses of Oak Valley Ranch series,the portrayal of horses underscores their dis...Unlike traditional literature where animals are often portrayed allegorically as mere symbols,in Pulitzer Prize winner Jane Smiley’s The Horses of Oak Valley Ranch series,the portrayal of horses underscores their distinct individuality and autonomy.Focusing on three novels in the series-A Good Horse,True Blue,and Pie in the Sky,this paper analyzes how Smiley crafts a narrative that resists anthropocentrism and validates the subjectivity of nonhuman animals.By examining the unique reactions of horses in various situations,such as their differing facial expressions before a jump,their various responses to feeding and grooming,and their individualistic moving behaviors,this study reveals how Smiley highlights the psychological and physical diversity within a single species.The horses’individual traits are portrayed not as mere animal instinct but as conscious,intentional responses that signify their agency.Drawing on Marc Bekoff’s defense of animal individuality,Val Plumwood’s condemnation of anthropocentrism,and Cynthia Willett’s critique of speciesism,the paper argues that Smiley’s representation of equine individualistic behaviors is an affirmation of the inherent subjectivity of animals.Through these detailed descriptions,Smiley challenges the Cartesian notion of animals as mere automatons and encourages readers to recognize animals as complex individuals.Ultimately,this study emphasizes the significance of acknowledging animal subjectivity in fostering a more ethical and harmonious human-animal relationship.展开更多
This study employed a longitudinal design involving 224 college students in Quanzhou City,Fujian Province,China,to examine the predictive relationship between subjective well-being(life satisfaction,positive emotions,...This study employed a longitudinal design involving 224 college students in Quanzhou City,Fujian Province,China,to examine the predictive relationship between subjective well-being(life satisfaction,positive emotions,negative emotions)and academic achievement(GPA earned).Data were collected through two questionnaire surveys(one year apart).Results indicate that subjective well-being predicts academic achievement one year later.Specifically,life satisfaction and positive emotions exert significant predictive effects,while negative emotion shows no significant impact.Conversely,academic achievement did not significantly predict subjective well-being one year later.The study confirms that happiness is a positive predictor of academic achievement,rather than academic achievement influencing happiness.However,the explained variance is small(2-4%),indicating that other factors play a more substantial role.Further analysis indicates that positive emotions exert long-term effects on academic achievement by broadening cognitive and behavioral patterns and enhancing stress resilience.Life satisfaction indirectly promotes academic achievement by increasing learning engagement and autonomy.The study suggests that higher education should prioritize happiness education,enhancing student academic achievement through value transformation and well-being training.Limitations include regional sample concentration,uncontrolled socioeconomic variables,and the need for larger,more diverse samples in future research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Insulin therapy plays a crucial role in managing diabetes.Regulatory guidelines mandate assessing the pharmacokinetics(PK)and pharmacodynamics(PD)of new insulin formulations with euglycemic clamp techniques...BACKGROUND Insulin therapy plays a crucial role in managing diabetes.Regulatory guidelines mandate assessing the pharmacokinetics(PK)and pharmacodynamics(PD)of new insulin formulations with euglycemic clamp techniques before entry into the market.Typically,blood glucose(BG)levels are maintained at 5%below baseline to suppress endogenous insulin secretion in healthy volunteers.However,in scenarios where BG baseline is relatively low,maintaining it at 5%below baseline can increase hypoglycemic risk.Consequently,we adjusted to maintain it at 2.5%below a baseline of<4.00 mmol/L.It remains uncertain whether this adjustment impacts endogenous insulin inhibition or the PD of study insulin.AIM To evaluate and compare the PD and C-peptide status using two different target BG setting methods.METHODS Data came from euglycemic clamp trials assessing the PK/PD of insulin aspart(IAsp)in healthy participants.Target BG was set at 2.5%below baseline for those with a basal BG of<4.00 mmol/L(group A),and at 5%below baseline for others(group B).The area under the curve(AUC)of IAsp(AUC_(IAsp,0-8 h))and GIR from 0 to 8 hours(AUCGIR,0-8 h)was used to characterize the PK and PD of IAsp,respectively.The C-peptide reduction and PK/PD of IAsp were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Out of 135 subjects,15 were assigned to group A and 120 to group B;however,group B exhibited higher basal Cpeptide(1.59±0.36 vs 1.32±0.42 ng/mL,P=0.006).Following propensity score matching to adjust for basal Cpeptide differences,71 subjects(15 in group A and 56 in group B)were analyzed.No significant differences were observed in demographics,IAsp dosage,or clamp quality.Group B showed significantly higher baseline(4.35±0.21 vs 3.91±0.09 mmol/L,P<0.001),target(4.13±0.20 vs 3.81±0.08 mmol/L,P<0.001),and clamped(4.10±0.17 vs 3.80±0.06 mmol/L,P<0.001)BG levels.Both groups exhibited comparable C-peptide suppression(32.5%±10.0%vs 35.6%±12.1%,P=0.370)and similar IAsp activity(AUCGIR,0-8 h:1433±400 vs 1440±397 mg/kg,P=0.952)under nearly equivalent IAsp exposure(AUC_(IAsp,0-8 h):566±51 vs 571±85 ng/mL×h,P=0.840).CONCLUSION Maintaining BG at 2.5%below a baseline of<4.00 mmol/L did not compromise the endogenous insulin suppression nor alter the observed pharmacodynamic effects of the study insulin.展开更多
It is significant to process textures with special functions similar to animal surfaces based on bionics and improve the friction stability and contact comfort of contact surfaces for the surface texture design of tac...It is significant to process textures with special functions similar to animal surfaces based on bionics and improve the friction stability and contact comfort of contact surfaces for the surface texture design of tactile products.In this paper,a bionic hexagonal micro-convex texture was prepared on an acrylic surface by laser processing.The friction mechanism of a finger touching the bionic hexagonal micro-convex texture under different touch speeds and pressures,and the effect of the height of the texture on tactile perception were investigated by finite element,subjective evaluation,friction,and EEG tests.The results showed that the deformation friction was the main friction component when the finger touched the bionic hexagonal texture,and the slipperiness and friction factor showed a significant negative correlation.As the touch speed decreased or the touch force increased,the hysteresis friction of the fingers as well as the interlocking friction increased,and the slipperiness perception decreased.The bionic hexagonal texture with higher convexity caused a higher friction factor,lower slipperiness perception,and lower P300 peak.Hexagonal textures with lower convexity,lower friction factor,and higher slipperiness perception required greater brain attentional resources and intensity of tactile information processing during tactile perception.展开更多
AIM:To compare the subjective refraction data with autorefraction findings in high astigmatisms.METHODS:In a cross-sectional study,sampling was done from in different geographic regions in Iran using a multistage rand...AIM:To compare the subjective refraction data with autorefraction findings in high astigmatisms.METHODS:In a cross-sectional study,sampling was done from in different geographic regions in Iran using a multistage random cluster sampling method.All study participants underwent cycloplegic auto-refraction and subjective refraction using the red-green test.RESULTS:In this study,277 eyes of 158 students aged 8 to 15y were analyzed.According to the results,the mean difference between subjective refraction and autorefraction in measuring sphere,cylinder,spherical equivalent,J0,and J45 was-0.18±0.76,-0.36±0.40,-0.36±0.79,0.15±0.20,and 0.05±0.21 respectively.The correlation of these two refraction methods in measuring the aforementioned indices was 0.963,0.898,0.960,0.931,and 0.948 respectively.The 95%limits of agreement of the two methods in measuring the above indices were-1.66 to 1.31,-1.14 to 0.42,-1.91 to 1.19,-0.24 to 0.54,and-0.36 to 0.47 respectively.The agreement between the two methods decreased with increasing cylinder power,and the best agreement was found in myopic individuals.CONCLUSION:The measurements obtained by autorefractometer have a significantly higher cylinder average compared to subjective refraction.However,in the cylinder range of 4–5 diopters,the values of J0 and J45 do not have a high correlation.展开更多
Objectives:The statistics from World Health Organization show a high incidence of childhood maltreatment which has a negative impact on the development of middle school students;for this reason,it is necessary to inve...Objectives:The statistics from World Health Organization show a high incidence of childhood maltreatment which has a negative impact on the development of middle school students;for this reason,it is necessary to investigate the potential harms of childhood maltreatment.This study aimed to explore the direct negative consequences of childhood maltreatment on subjective well-being as well as the mediating roles of shyness and emotion regulation strategies.Methods:A random cluster sampling survey was conducted among 1021 Chinese middle school students(male 49.2%,female 50.8%).The Subjective Well-Being Scale(SWLS),The Positive affect and Negative affect scale(PANAS),and The Childhood Trauma were adopted Questionnaire-28 item Short Form(CTQ-SF),the Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale(RCBS),and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ)for data collection.SPSS PROCESS macros were used for data analysis.Results:The findings demonstrated that:(a)childhood maltreatment was negatively correlated with subjective well-being(r=−0.482,p<0.001);(b)shyness(β=−0.141,95%CI=[−0.190,−0.097])and the two emotion regulation strategies,namely cognitive reappraisal(β=−0.120,95%CI=[−0.167,−0.079])and expression suppression(β=−0.034,95%CI=[−0.063,−0.010]),partially mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and subjective well-being separately;(c)shyness and the two emotion regulation strategies partially mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and subjective well-being in a sequential pattern(β=−0.026,95%CI=[−0.041,−0.015];β=−0.022,95%CI=[−0.035,−0.012]).Conclusion:These findings provide new perspectives and strategies to understand and deal with children’s mental health problems.It shows that the intervention of shyness and emotion regulation strategies in adolescents is of great significance to improve individual subjective happiness.展开更多
Objectives:Sea sickness, a form of motion sickness, is a common condition among sailors on various sailing vessels, primarily due to their roll and pitch movements. While the exact neurobiological mechanisms remain un...Objectives:Sea sickness, a form of motion sickness, is a common condition among sailors on various sailing vessels, primarily due to their roll and pitch movements. While the exact neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear, the most widely accepted explanation is the sensory conflict theory,which identifies two main sources of conflict: discrepancies between visual and vestibular inputs and conflicts within the vestibular system itself.This study aims to evaluate otolith-mediated verticality perception in first-time seafarers on board a naval frigate ship using the Subjective Visual Vertical(SVV) test.Methods:This observational study was conducted on board a naval frigate and involved two groups. The case group consisted of50 newly recruited sailors experiencing their first sea voyage. The SVV test was conducted at three time points: prior to embarkation, during an active episode of sea sickness, and after disembarkation. A control group of 50 healthy, experienced sailors-regular seafarers with no history of vestibular symptoms underwent the same SVV testing at corresponding intervals. The results from both groups were collected and analyzed to assess changes in verticality perception related to sea exposure and sea sickness.Results:Analysis of the SVV test data from the 50 newly recruited sailors(case group) demonstrated a statistically significant difference compared to the control group of experienced sailors. During an active episode of sea sickness, the case group exhibited a notable tilt and deviation in SVV angles, indicating altered verticality perception. These deviations reduced significantly 24 hours post-disembarkation, suggesting an improvement in verticality perception once the motion stimulus was removed.Conclusion:This distinctive study assessed otolith-mediated verticality perception using the SVV test in first-time seafarers experiencing sea sickness aboard a naval frigate. Our findings emphasize the functional importance of the otolith organs in maintaining spatial orientation during maritime motion exposure. The observed SVV deviations support the subjective vertical conflict theory, highlighting the role of vestibular-visual mismatch in the development of sea sickness. However, our findings more likely reflect transient functional disturbance or overstimulation rather than a pre-existing utricular asymmetry alone. Based on the pattern of SVV deviation and recovery, we propose that the utricle may play a more significant role than the saccule in inducing sea sickness.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11332011 and 11472276the Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program
文摘When laser ablation is subjected to supersonic flow, the influence mechanism of airflow on laser ablation behavior is still unclear. A coupled thermal-fluid-structure model is presented to investigate the influence of supersonic airflow on the development of a laser ablation pit. Results show that the aerodynamic convection cooling effect not only reduces the ablation velocity but also changes the symmetry morphology of the ablation pit due to the non-uniform convective heat transfer. Flow mode transition is also observed when the pit becomes deeper, and significant change in flow pattern and heat transfer behavior are found when the open mode is transformed into the closed mode.
文摘Differential equations of free/forced vibrations of n_step one_way thin rectangular plates subjected to in_plane tensile/compressive force in y_direction on Winkler's foundation are established by using singular functions, their general solutions solved for, expression of vibration mode function and frequency equation on usual supports derived with W operator. Influence functions for various cases deduced here may also be used to solve problems of static buckling or stability for beams and plates in relevant circumstances.
文摘The problem of a transversely isotropic elastic slab containing two coplanar cracks subjected to an antiplane deformation is considered. With the aid of an integral transform technique, we formulate the problem in terms of a finite-part singular integral equation which can be solved numerically, Once the integral equation is solved, relevant quantities such as the crack energy can be readily computed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 50705038and 50735001
文摘We address the effects of processing parameters on residual stresses and fatigue properties of LY2 Al alloy by laser shock processing （LSP）. Results show that compressive residual stresses are generated near the surface of samples due to LSP. The maximum compressive residual stress at the surface by two LSP impacts on one side is higher than that by one LSP impact. The maximum value of tensile residual stress is found at the mid-plane of samples subjected to two-sided LSP. Compared with fatigue lives of samples treated by single-sided LSP, lives of those treated by two-sided LSP are lower. However, these are higher than untreated ones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82302757)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCY20240813145204006,SGDX20201103095600002,JCYJ20220818103417037,KJZD20230923115200002)+1 种基金Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Digital Surgical Printing Project(ZDSYS201707311542415)Shenzhen Development and Reform Program(XMHT20220106001).
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disease with significant clinical and societal impact.Traditional diagnostic methods,including subjective clinical assessments and imaging techniques such as X-rays and MRIs,are often limited in their ability to detect early-stage OA or capture subtle joint changes.These limitations result in delayed diagnoses and inconsistent outcomes.Additionally,the analysis of omics data is challenged by the complexity and high dimensionality of biological datasets,making it difficult to identify key molecular mechanisms and biomarkers.Recent advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)offer transformative potential to address these challenges.This review systematically explores the integration of AI into OA research,focusing on applications such as AI-driven early screening and risk prediction from electronic health records(EHR),automated grading and morphological analysis of imaging data,and biomarker discovery through multi-omics integration.By consolidating progress across clinical,imaging,and omics domains,this review provides a comprehensive perspective on how AI is reshaping OA research.The findings have the potential to drive innovations in personalized medicine and targeted interventions,addressing longstanding challenges in OA diagnosis and management.
文摘Quanming Lu,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars.Rongbin Zhou,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,Deputy Director,Life Sciences and Medicine,USTC.
文摘Jiang Shaohong is my best friend.He is 14years old and he is in Class 1,Grade 8.He is clever and can learn things quickly.He works hard at all his subjects.He has many hobbies,such as reading,singing,dancing,and playing sports.He loves animals,so he keeps a small dog as a pet and takes good care of it at home.He is kind and helpful.He often helps his classmates with their studies.
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavior,and subjective well-being in the Indian population.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study.The recruited participants were evaluated using the BtP Scale,World Health Organzation-5 Well-Being index,Patient Health Ques-tionnaire-2,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item,Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale.RESULTS A total of 401 participants were recruited for the study.Symptoms of anxiety were higher in the female participants compared to males.Among females,there was a significant positive correlation between BtP score with symptoms of anxiety(r=0.23)and depression(r=0.15)and a negative correlation with subjective wellbeing(r=-0.23).A significant negative correlation was found between the ages of women and BtP score(r=-0.15).Among the male participants,there was a significant negative correlation of age with BtP score(r=-0.3)and anxiety(r=-0.19).Here,too,the BtP score was positively correlated with depression(r=0.18)and anxiety(r=0.35).CONCLUSION BtP worsens anxiety,depression,sleep quality,and subjective well-being.It needs to be targeted for the promotion and prevention of mental health.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42361144859Team Construction Project of Faculty of Geographical Science,BNU,No.2024-JXTD-03,No.2024-KYTD-09The Beijing Normal University Tang Scholar,No.2021。
文摘Migration is a potential strategy to reduce poverty in the Global South.In China,the Poverty-alleviation Relocation(PAR)is a government-led,large-scale migration initiative aimed at eliminating poverty and promoting environmental sustainability.To examine the ecological and socio-economic effects of the PAR,we quantified the changes in five types of ecosystem services(ES)as well as the subjective well-being of rural residents in Fuping county,Hebei province of China,by using ES mapping,household survey,and semi-structured interviews.We found that the PAR improves people's quality of life,with the well-being scores associated with transportation,communication,education,and healthcare increasing by 0.45–0.81.Additionally,the PAR enhances the supply of ES,evidenced by the increases in four types of ES in both in-migration and out-migration areas.The ES growth rates in in-migration areas ranged from 0.7%to 3.9%,while in out-migration areas,the rates ranged from 0.4%to 2.5%.However,the changes in income and food well-being are minimal,with scores at 0 and 0.32,respectively.More importantly,the elderly and low-educated residents experience minimal improvements in well-being after relocation.Our findings suggest that for other developing countries seeking to adopt PAR,it is crucial to provide targeted support for livelihood transitions,particularly for marginalized social groups,restore out-migration areas,and strengthen cross-regional cooperation to better address ecological constraints on livelihoods.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(GrantNo.24CTJ019).
文摘Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health and addictive behaviors are the two main factors influencing SWB.This study aimed to identify key mental health and addictive behavior factors associated with adolescent SWB through machine learning models.Methods The data for this study comes from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children(HBSC)survey 2017/18.The study data contains health data from 60,450 adolescents aged 10–16 years.The study used the XGBoost machine learning model to analyze the impact of mental health and addictive behaviors on adolescent SWB.Gain was used to analyze the significance of the variables.The direction of action of the variables and the interaction between the variables were analyzed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)method.Results The model in this study has an accuracy of 86.7%and an AUC value of 0.85,showing its good predictive performance.Six key variables were filtered through Gain analysis.Feeling low and health as the two most important factors affecting SWB,with these two variables contributing 51.38%and 19.65%,respectively.Friends and thinking body as major factors influencing SWB in mental health.Smoking lifetime and sweets as major factors influencing SWB in addictive behaviors.The interactions and characteristic dependencies between these variables were further analyzed.The results showed that feeling low,friends,and sweets had a positive effect on SWB,while health and smoking lifetime showed a negative effect.In addition,a moderate thinking body contributes to SWB,whereas being too fat and too thin are both associated with decreased levels of SWB.Conclusion Mental health and addictive behavioral factors such as feeling low,friends,sweets,and smoking lifetime were significant factors influencing SWB.This provides a scientific basis for the development of public health policies and interventions aimed at enhancing adolescent well-being.
文摘Set against the cultural and historical backdrop of 18th-century Venice,Giulia Elisabetta Lama’s(1681-1747)remarkable paintings reveal intriguing connections to mythology and science.Lama’s notable depiction of Saturn Devouring His Child,painted in oils in 1729 and now in a private collection,draws significant attention.
文摘Subjective well-being is a key indicator of quality of life and a crucial factor for successful aging among older adults.However,few studies have explored the subjective well-being among older adults from the perspective of digital literacy.Therefore,this study explores the relationship between digital literacy and subjective well-being using data on 4270 older adults from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)dataset.PROCESS mediation analysis results indicated digital literacy is associated with higher subjective well-being among the older adults.Digital literacy was associated with the frequency of physical exercise and consumption.Moreover,Digital literacy can also enhance the subjective well-being among older adults by increasing the frequency of physical exercise,and consumption,and a chain mediator subjective well-being.These findings align with the theoretical framework of digital health literacy.Theory which posits that health information obtained through digital literacy can help older adults better engage in healthy lifestyles,thereby enhancing their quality of life.These findings hold significant practical implications for enhancing the subjective well-being among older adults and advancing the development of successful aging.
文摘Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks often treat article usage through a dichotomy of“specific vs.non-specific reference”,yet struggle to effectively explain numerous marginal and unconventional linguistic phenomena,such as expressions like“go to the hospital”and“a Mr.Brown”.With the development of cognitive linguistics,language is viewed as an externalization of mental activity,and the intrinsic connection between linguistic structure and cognitive mechanisms has gained increasing attention.This paper,grounded in Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar theory,systematically analyzes the semantic construction process and cognitive motivations of English articles by integrating cognitive mechanisms such as figure-ground alignment,subjectivity,and mental spaces.By combining typical sentence examples,the paper reveals the deep cognitive structures underlying article usage from the dual perspectives of semantic representation and communicative function,aiming to provide a more explanatory theoretical framework for the grammatical teaching and cognitive research of English articles.
文摘Unlike traditional literature where animals are often portrayed allegorically as mere symbols,in Pulitzer Prize winner Jane Smiley’s The Horses of Oak Valley Ranch series,the portrayal of horses underscores their distinct individuality and autonomy.Focusing on three novels in the series-A Good Horse,True Blue,and Pie in the Sky,this paper analyzes how Smiley crafts a narrative that resists anthropocentrism and validates the subjectivity of nonhuman animals.By examining the unique reactions of horses in various situations,such as their differing facial expressions before a jump,their various responses to feeding and grooming,and their individualistic moving behaviors,this study reveals how Smiley highlights the psychological and physical diversity within a single species.The horses’individual traits are portrayed not as mere animal instinct but as conscious,intentional responses that signify their agency.Drawing on Marc Bekoff’s defense of animal individuality,Val Plumwood’s condemnation of anthropocentrism,and Cynthia Willett’s critique of speciesism,the paper argues that Smiley’s representation of equine individualistic behaviors is an affirmation of the inherent subjectivity of animals.Through these detailed descriptions,Smiley challenges the Cartesian notion of animals as mere automatons and encourages readers to recognize animals as complex individuals.Ultimately,this study emphasizes the significance of acknowledging animal subjectivity in fostering a more ethical and harmonious human-animal relationship.
文摘This study employed a longitudinal design involving 224 college students in Quanzhou City,Fujian Province,China,to examine the predictive relationship between subjective well-being(life satisfaction,positive emotions,negative emotions)and academic achievement(GPA earned).Data were collected through two questionnaire surveys(one year apart).Results indicate that subjective well-being predicts academic achievement one year later.Specifically,life satisfaction and positive emotions exert significant predictive effects,while negative emotion shows no significant impact.Conversely,academic achievement did not significantly predict subjective well-being one year later.The study confirms that happiness is a positive predictor of academic achievement,rather than academic achievement influencing happiness.However,the explained variance is small(2-4%),indicating that other factors play a more substantial role.Further analysis indicates that positive emotions exert long-term effects on academic achievement by broadening cognitive and behavioral patterns and enhancing stress resilience.Life satisfaction indirectly promotes academic achievement by increasing learning engagement and autonomy.The study suggests that higher education should prioritize happiness education,enhancing student academic achievement through value transformation and well-being training.Limitations include regional sample concentration,uncontrolled socioeconomic variables,and the need for larger,more diverse samples in future research.
基金This retrospective analysis incorporated data from two clinical trials(CTR20220854 and CTR20222843)sponsored by Chongqing Chenan Biopharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.and Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd.However,these sponsors did not partake in the study design,data interpretation,or manuscript preparation.
文摘BACKGROUND Insulin therapy plays a crucial role in managing diabetes.Regulatory guidelines mandate assessing the pharmacokinetics(PK)and pharmacodynamics(PD)of new insulin formulations with euglycemic clamp techniques before entry into the market.Typically,blood glucose(BG)levels are maintained at 5%below baseline to suppress endogenous insulin secretion in healthy volunteers.However,in scenarios where BG baseline is relatively low,maintaining it at 5%below baseline can increase hypoglycemic risk.Consequently,we adjusted to maintain it at 2.5%below a baseline of<4.00 mmol/L.It remains uncertain whether this adjustment impacts endogenous insulin inhibition or the PD of study insulin.AIM To evaluate and compare the PD and C-peptide status using two different target BG setting methods.METHODS Data came from euglycemic clamp trials assessing the PK/PD of insulin aspart(IAsp)in healthy participants.Target BG was set at 2.5%below baseline for those with a basal BG of<4.00 mmol/L(group A),and at 5%below baseline for others(group B).The area under the curve(AUC)of IAsp(AUC_(IAsp,0-8 h))and GIR from 0 to 8 hours(AUCGIR,0-8 h)was used to characterize the PK and PD of IAsp,respectively.The C-peptide reduction and PK/PD of IAsp were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Out of 135 subjects,15 were assigned to group A and 120 to group B;however,group B exhibited higher basal Cpeptide(1.59±0.36 vs 1.32±0.42 ng/mL,P=0.006).Following propensity score matching to adjust for basal Cpeptide differences,71 subjects(15 in group A and 56 in group B)were analyzed.No significant differences were observed in demographics,IAsp dosage,or clamp quality.Group B showed significantly higher baseline(4.35±0.21 vs 3.91±0.09 mmol/L,P<0.001),target(4.13±0.20 vs 3.81±0.08 mmol/L,P<0.001),and clamped(4.10±0.17 vs 3.80±0.06 mmol/L,P<0.001)BG levels.Both groups exhibited comparable C-peptide suppression(32.5%±10.0%vs 35.6%±12.1%,P=0.370)and similar IAsp activity(AUCGIR,0-8 h:1433±400 vs 1440±397 mg/kg,P=0.952)under nearly equivalent IAsp exposure(AUC_(IAsp,0-8 h):566±51 vs 571±85 ng/mL×h,P=0.840).CONCLUSION Maintaining BG at 2.5%below a baseline of<4.00 mmol/L did not compromise the endogenous insulin suppression nor alter the observed pharmacodynamic effects of the study insulin.
基金the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.48)。
文摘It is significant to process textures with special functions similar to animal surfaces based on bionics and improve the friction stability and contact comfort of contact surfaces for the surface texture design of tactile products.In this paper,a bionic hexagonal micro-convex texture was prepared on an acrylic surface by laser processing.The friction mechanism of a finger touching the bionic hexagonal micro-convex texture under different touch speeds and pressures,and the effect of the height of the texture on tactile perception were investigated by finite element,subjective evaluation,friction,and EEG tests.The results showed that the deformation friction was the main friction component when the finger touched the bionic hexagonal texture,and the slipperiness and friction factor showed a significant negative correlation.As the touch speed decreased or the touch force increased,the hysteresis friction of the fingers as well as the interlocking friction increased,and the slipperiness perception decreased.The bionic hexagonal texture with higher convexity caused a higher friction factor,lower slipperiness perception,and lower P300 peak.Hexagonal textures with lower convexity,lower friction factor,and higher slipperiness perception required greater brain attentional resources and intensity of tactile information processing during tactile perception.
基金Supported by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
文摘AIM:To compare the subjective refraction data with autorefraction findings in high astigmatisms.METHODS:In a cross-sectional study,sampling was done from in different geographic regions in Iran using a multistage random cluster sampling method.All study participants underwent cycloplegic auto-refraction and subjective refraction using the red-green test.RESULTS:In this study,277 eyes of 158 students aged 8 to 15y were analyzed.According to the results,the mean difference between subjective refraction and autorefraction in measuring sphere,cylinder,spherical equivalent,J0,and J45 was-0.18±0.76,-0.36±0.40,-0.36±0.79,0.15±0.20,and 0.05±0.21 respectively.The correlation of these two refraction methods in measuring the aforementioned indices was 0.963,0.898,0.960,0.931,and 0.948 respectively.The 95%limits of agreement of the two methods in measuring the above indices were-1.66 to 1.31,-1.14 to 0.42,-1.91 to 1.19,-0.24 to 0.54,and-0.36 to 0.47 respectively.The agreement between the two methods decreased with increasing cylinder power,and the best agreement was found in myopic individuals.CONCLUSION:The measurements obtained by autorefractometer have a significantly higher cylinder average compared to subjective refraction.However,in the cylinder range of 4–5 diopters,the values of J0 and J45 do not have a high correlation.
基金Funded by the scientific research project of Hunan Department of Education(23A0098).
文摘Objectives:The statistics from World Health Organization show a high incidence of childhood maltreatment which has a negative impact on the development of middle school students;for this reason,it is necessary to investigate the potential harms of childhood maltreatment.This study aimed to explore the direct negative consequences of childhood maltreatment on subjective well-being as well as the mediating roles of shyness and emotion regulation strategies.Methods:A random cluster sampling survey was conducted among 1021 Chinese middle school students(male 49.2%,female 50.8%).The Subjective Well-Being Scale(SWLS),The Positive affect and Negative affect scale(PANAS),and The Childhood Trauma were adopted Questionnaire-28 item Short Form(CTQ-SF),the Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale(RCBS),and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ)for data collection.SPSS PROCESS macros were used for data analysis.Results:The findings demonstrated that:(a)childhood maltreatment was negatively correlated with subjective well-being(r=−0.482,p<0.001);(b)shyness(β=−0.141,95%CI=[−0.190,−0.097])and the two emotion regulation strategies,namely cognitive reappraisal(β=−0.120,95%CI=[−0.167,−0.079])and expression suppression(β=−0.034,95%CI=[−0.063,−0.010]),partially mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and subjective well-being separately;(c)shyness and the two emotion regulation strategies partially mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and subjective well-being in a sequential pattern(β=−0.026,95%CI=[−0.041,−0.015];β=−0.022,95%CI=[−0.035,−0.012]).Conclusion:These findings provide new perspectives and strategies to understand and deal with children’s mental health problems.It shows that the intervention of shyness and emotion regulation strategies in adolescents is of great significance to improve individual subjective happiness.
文摘Objectives:Sea sickness, a form of motion sickness, is a common condition among sailors on various sailing vessels, primarily due to their roll and pitch movements. While the exact neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear, the most widely accepted explanation is the sensory conflict theory,which identifies two main sources of conflict: discrepancies between visual and vestibular inputs and conflicts within the vestibular system itself.This study aims to evaluate otolith-mediated verticality perception in first-time seafarers on board a naval frigate ship using the Subjective Visual Vertical(SVV) test.Methods:This observational study was conducted on board a naval frigate and involved two groups. The case group consisted of50 newly recruited sailors experiencing their first sea voyage. The SVV test was conducted at three time points: prior to embarkation, during an active episode of sea sickness, and after disembarkation. A control group of 50 healthy, experienced sailors-regular seafarers with no history of vestibular symptoms underwent the same SVV testing at corresponding intervals. The results from both groups were collected and analyzed to assess changes in verticality perception related to sea exposure and sea sickness.Results:Analysis of the SVV test data from the 50 newly recruited sailors(case group) demonstrated a statistically significant difference compared to the control group of experienced sailors. During an active episode of sea sickness, the case group exhibited a notable tilt and deviation in SVV angles, indicating altered verticality perception. These deviations reduced significantly 24 hours post-disembarkation, suggesting an improvement in verticality perception once the motion stimulus was removed.Conclusion:This distinctive study assessed otolith-mediated verticality perception using the SVV test in first-time seafarers experiencing sea sickness aboard a naval frigate. Our findings emphasize the functional importance of the otolith organs in maintaining spatial orientation during maritime motion exposure. The observed SVV deviations support the subjective vertical conflict theory, highlighting the role of vestibular-visual mismatch in the development of sea sickness. However, our findings more likely reflect transient functional disturbance or overstimulation rather than a pre-existing utricular asymmetry alone. Based on the pattern of SVV deviation and recovery, we propose that the utricle may play a more significant role than the saccule in inducing sea sickness.
