AIM:To determine the prevalence of tropia,phoria,and abnormality of near point of convergence(NPC),along with associated ocular symptoms,in high school students.METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Erbi...AIM:To determine the prevalence of tropia,phoria,and abnormality of near point of convergence(NPC),along with associated ocular symptoms,in high school students.METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Erbil,Iraq.The target population consisted of high school students selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method.Comprehensive visual examinations were performed for all students,including measurement of uncorrected and corrected visual acuity,objective and subjective refraction,and distance and near cover tests.NPC was evaluated using a single 6/12 visual target mounted on a centrally positioned Gulden fixation stick.Ocular symptoms were investigated through interviews.RESULTS:Of the 996 selected students,921 participated in the study.Of them,543(58.96%)were female,and their ages ranged from 13 to 22y.The prevalence of tropia was 3.58%[95%confidence interval(CI):2.38%-4.78%],observed in 3.44%of males and 3.68%of females.Exotropia(1.95%,95%CI:1.06%-2.85%)was more common than esotropia(1.52%,95%CI:0.73%-2.31%).The 15.42%(95%CI:13.09%-17.75%)of students had phoria.Exophoria(13.79%,95%CI:11.56%-16.02%)was significantly more prevalent than esophoria(1.63%,95%CI:0.81%-2.45%).The prevalence of NPC abnormality in the total study population was 24.97%(95%CI:22.18%-27.77%).It was 26.72%(95%CI:22.26%-31.18%)in males and 23.76%(95%CI:20.18%-27.34%)in females(P=0.307).The most common symptom in phoria was headache(86.62%,95%CI:81.02%-92.22%),followed by tired or sore eyes(61.97%,95%CI:53.99%-69.96%).The most common symptoms in tropia were blurry vision(93.94%,95%CI:79.77%-99.26%)and difficulty concentrating(87.88%,95%CI:76.74%-99.01%).CONCLUSION:Among Erbil’s high school students,the prevalence of strabismus,particularly the exodeviation type,is relatively high,and a significant percentage of students have NPC abnormalities.Addressing and correcting these binocular vision problems,due to their associated visual symptoms,can lead to an improvement in students’quality of life and academic performance.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to gain perspectives on introducing IBCTL(International Baccalaureate Certificate in Teaching and Learning)into graduate school of teacher education in Japan,which are currently providing ...The purpose of this study is to gain perspectives on introducing IBCTL(International Baccalaureate Certificate in Teaching and Learning)into graduate school of teacher education in Japan,which are currently providing advanced teacher training programs aimed at cultivating student agency,a comprehensive set of skills necessary for children living in the future,as advocated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Education 2030 Project.To achieve this goal,I examined the curriculum and structure that are important for IB teacher training and the introduction of IBCTL.I attempted to achieve this goal by examining the curriculum being developed at a graduate school of teacher education attempting to implement IBCTL and the creation of a syllabus based on that curriculum through lesson planning.As a result,I examined the curriculum and structure as a perspective for introducing IBCTL into graduate school of teacher education in Japan,where advanced teacher training is required.I found that a core curriculum and structure that incorporates the core of the IBCTL into the core of graduate school of teacher education programs is important for implementing an IB education that is aligned with the advancement of teacher training and the development of student agency.展开更多
This study examined the impact of teacher-student relationship quality on students’risk of bullying victimiza-tion and the mediating roles of student-student relationships and student engagement in this relationship....This study examined the impact of teacher-student relationship quality on students’risk of bullying victimiza-tion and the mediating roles of student-student relationships and student engagement in this relationship.A total of 656 Chinese junior high school students(females=361,mean age=13.75,SD=0.98)completed validated measures of teacher-student relationship quality,student-student relationship quality,student engagement,and bullying victimization.Regression analysis results indicated that higher teacher-student relationship quality predicted a lower risk of student bullying victimization.Serial mediating effect testing of the student-student relationship quality and student engagement revealed that these factors fully mediated the relationship between teacher-student relationship quality and bullying victimization,resulting in a lower risk of bullying victimization.The results showed that student-student relationship quality had a more substantial mediating effect than student engagement.Thefindings support the Socio-Ecological Framework,suggesting that within the Microsystem,interactions between individuals and their immediate environments significantly impact their behavior.Specifically,thesefindings suggest that good teacher-student relationships can enhance the quality of student-student relationships and student engagement,thereby preventing and reducing the occurrence of bullying victimization.展开更多
This study explores the environmental sensitivity of first-year teacher education stu dents,focusing on the relationship between their Earth Science performance,demographic factors,and their cognitive and emotional re...This study explores the environmental sensitivity of first-year teacher education stu dents,focusing on the relationship between their Earth Science performance,demographic factors,and their cognitive and emotional responses to environmental challenges.Using a descriptive correlational design within a mixed-methods framework,the research incorporates tools such as the Environmental Sensitivity Test(EST),focus group discussions(FGDs),and eco-mapping to comprehensively collect and analyze data.The findings reveal that while students exhibit a general awareness of environmental issues,this awareness does not consistently translate into sustainable practices,particularly in areas such as water conservation and waste management.A weak and statistically insignificant correlation was identified between Earth Science performance and environmental sensitivity,indicating that academic achievement in the subject does not necessarily lead to environmentally responsible behaviors.The results underscore the importance of teacher education programs integrating principles of behavioral psychology,experiential learning,and focused environmental education.Specifically,secondary science teachers should be equipped with practical strategies,such as implementing project-based learning,organizing community-centered environmental initiatives,and fostering interdisciplinary approaches to sustainability.These interventions address the gap in preparing future educators to effectively advocate for and implement sustainable practices.Strengthening teacher preparation programs with these components ensures that science educators are better equipped to cultivate a new generation of environmentally responsible citizens.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application value of the modified Peyton’s four-step teaching method in bridge experimental courses for undergraduate medical students.Methods:100 undergraduate medical students from Bethune ...Objective:To explore the application value of the modified Peyton’s four-step teaching method in bridge experimental courses for undergraduate medical students.Methods:100 undergraduate medical students from Bethune Hospital of Shanxi from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected and grouped using a random number method.The control group received a conventional training program,while the observation group received a modified Peyton’s four-step teaching and training program.The DOPS scores and teaching satisfaction scores of the two groups of undergraduate medical students were compared.Results:After intervention,the scores of each dimension of the DOPS for the undergraduate medical students in the observation group were higher than those in the control group.The teaching satisfaction scores of the undergraduate medical students after teaching were lower in the control group than in the observation group.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The modified Peyton’s four-step teaching program developed in this study can promote teaching and learning methods for undergraduate medical students,improve teaching satisfaction levels,and help administrators stabilize the medical team.展开更多
The present study explores the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience among college students,with a particular focus on comparing National Service Scheme(NSS)volunteers and non-NSS students.The study utiliz...The present study explores the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience among college students,with a particular focus on comparing National Service Scheme(NSS)volunteers and non-NSS students.The study utilized a cross-sectional design involving 147 students(71 NSS volunteers and 76 non-NSS students)from different colleges of Kanpur Nagar.MDRS-H,which stands for the Multi-dimensional scale of Resilience in Hindi,was established by Singh and Khullar.It is utilised for the purpose of measuring resistance and the Hindi version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Sud,Schwarzer,and Jerusalem was administered to measure self-efficacy.Results indicated that NSS students exhibited higher levels of both self-efficacy and resilience compared to their non-NSS counterparts.Self-efficacy significantly positively correlated with Resilience in NSS students and non-NSS students.Regression analyses suggested that resilience was a strong predictor of self-efficacy in both students NSS and non-NSS.However,the association was most likely stronger for NSS students because they were exposed to more resilience-building activities.The study contributes to the growing body of literature on the positive impact of extracurricular activities on students’psychological well-being and provides insights into how participation in such programs may enhance both resilience and self-efficacy in college students.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to analyze the causal mechanisms of learning difficulties of middle school students and use them to propose strategies to help them.This research is particularly valuable for its focus ...The purpose of this research is to analyze the causal mechanisms of learning difficulties of middle school students and use them to propose strategies to help them.This research is particularly valuable for its focus on middle school students.Research on this critical transition period is often lacking compared to primary and high school.Therefore,this research establishes a structured equation model and analyzes the data from the survey using the partial least squares method.The data were obtained from a 13,900 Wenzhou City,China students’questionnaire.The research found that learning strategies were the most significant influences on learning effectiveness,followed by learning motivation and learning relationships.Meanwhile,learning relationships had a significant impact on learning pressure.Therefore,this research proposes targeted support strategies.It aims to enhance learning motivation(Set achievable learning goals for each student with learning difficulties based on their actual situation),optimize learning strategies(Encourage students with learning difficulties to learn self-regulatory strategies such as goal setting,time management,and self-reflection),and improve learning relationships(Establish a good social network to promote positive interaction between students with learning difficulties and their peers).At the same time,it reduces students’learning pressure.Ultimately,the learning effectiveness of students with learning difficulties is improved.展开更多
Guided by the China International College Students’Innovation Competition,higher vocational colleges,as the main position for cultivating technical and skilled talents,need to explore a suitable training path for hig...Guided by the China International College Students’Innovation Competition,higher vocational colleges,as the main position for cultivating technical and skilled talents,need to explore a suitable training path for higher vocational students’innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities.Therefore,based on the background of the competition,this paper deeply analyzes the current situation and problems of cultivating higher vocational students’innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities.It proposes paths from aspects such as curriculum system construction,construction of the integration platform of competition and teaching,construction of a diversified teaching team,improvement of the innovation and entrepreneurship work mechanism,and creation of a strong campus cultural atmosphere.The purpose is to promote the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education and teaching in higher vocational colleges through the competition and enhance the core competitiveness of higher vocational students.展开更多
Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a qua...Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a quasi-experimental research method to carry out the research and proposes an AI-based reflective dialogue model.Based on this,an analysis of the impact brought by this model on EFL students’oral expression performance and learning anxiety levels.The results show that students in the experimental group have significantly higher oral expression performance than those in the control group in the three dimensions of grammatical accuracy,expressive fluency,and word accuracy.In addition,the students in the experimental group produced facilitated anxiety after using the AI-based reflective dialogue model for oral expression learning,which prompted the students to learn more diligently.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent among university students worldwide,often coexisting with functional constipation(FC).Family relationships have been identified as crucial factors affecting mental healt...BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent among university students worldwide,often coexisting with functional constipation(FC).Family relationships have been identified as crucial factors affecting mental health,yet the gender-specific associations between these conditions remain underexplored.AIM To assess prevalence of depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms,and FC among Chinese university students and explore their associations.METHODS Using a cross-sectional survey design,data were collected from 12721 students at two universities in Jiangsu Province and Shandong Province.Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9,anxiety symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale,and FC using the ROME IV.Gender-stratified analyses and population attributable risk proportions were calculated to evaluate risk factor patterns and population impact.RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported depressive,anxiety,and comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms was 16.3%,24.9%,and 13.3%,respectively,whereas that of FC was 22%.Students with depressive symptoms were 1.811 times more likely to have FC than those without.Female gender,parental relationships,and lower household income were significant risk factors for both mental health conditions.For depressive symptoms,females experienced stronger effects from both parental conflict[odds ratio(OR)=8.006 vs OR=7.661 in males]and FC(OR=1.954 vs OR=1.628 in males).For anxiety symptoms,conflicted parental relationships had stronger effects in males(OR=5.946)than females(OR=4.262).Overall,poor parental relationships contributed to 38.6%of depressive and 33.5%of anxiety symptoms.CONCLUSION Family relationships significantly impact student mental health,with gender-specific patterns.Targeted interventions addressing family dynamics could reduce mental health burden in university settings.展开更多
The micro-public opinion environment,characterized by information fragmentation,instantaneous dissemination,emotional contagion,and diverse values,has profoundly transformed the information acquisition patterns and co...The micro-public opinion environment,characterized by information fragmentation,instantaneous dissemination,emotional contagion,and diverse values,has profoundly transformed the information acquisition patterns and cognitive formation processes of college students.It also poses new challenges and opportunities for innovation in ideological and political education(hereinafter referred to as“IPE”)for college students.Starting from the contemporary value of IPE for college students,this paper analyzes the logical connection between the micro-public opinion environment and IPE,thoroughly examines the core challenges faced by IPE in this context,and proposes specific innovative paths from four perspectives:content,methods,subjects,and mechanisms.The aim is to provide insights for enhancing the pertinence and effectiveness of IPE for college students in the micro-public opinion environment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Revisiting the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress symptoms(PTSSs)among university students during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic as well as understanding the mental health help-seeking beh...BACKGROUND Revisiting the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress symptoms(PTSSs)among university students during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic as well as understanding the mental health help-seeking behavior of individuals with PTSSs has critical implications for public mental health strategies in future medical pandemics.AIM To investigate the prevalence and correlates of PTSSs among university students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to examine mental health help-seeking behaviors among these students.METHODS A total of 2507 Chinese university students were recruited via snowball sampling.The students completed the Seven-item Screening Scale for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.Sociodemo-graphic characteristics,pandemic-related characteristics,and mental health help-seeking behaviors of students with PTSSs were also collected.RESULTS The prevalence of PTSSs among the participants was 28.0%.Seven significant correlates of PTSSs were identified(odds ratio=1.23-3.65,P≤0.024):Female sex,being 19 years old or older,living with others or alone,a low level of family economic status,fair or poor interpersonal relationships,severe or very severe local pandemic,and having family members diagnosed with COVID-19.However,only 3.28%of the students with PTSSs reported seeking help from mental health specialists.Among the 23 students who sought help from mental health specialists,13 opted for online or telephone-based psychological consultation.CONCLUSION Our data suggest that there was a high risk of PTSSs among university students and a high level of unmet mental health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic.The delivery of mental health services online or via telephone is a promising approach to address these unmet needs.展开更多
Background:Doctoral students have much higher risk of anxiety or depression than general population.Doctoral students worldwide are facing varying degrees of mental health risks.Method:Based on the survey data of 6,81...Background:Doctoral students have much higher risk of anxiety or depression than general population.Doctoral students worldwide are facing varying degrees of mental health risks.Method:Based on the survey data of 6,812 doctoral students worldwide in Nature in 2019,Probit and Logit models are used to explore the correlation between thefit of doctoral education and training process and the mental health of doctoral students.Results:(1)The training environmentfit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.(2)The academic professionfit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.(3)The orga-nizational culturefit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.(4)Thefinancial supportfit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.Conclusion:The higher the degree of doctoral students’training environmentfit,academic professionfit,organizational culturefit,andfinancial supportfit,the lower the possibility of anxiety or depression among doctoral students.The current research results can help reveal extensive factors that affect the mental health of doctoral students,facilitate the planning and development of effective intervention measures by universities,improve thefit of the doctoral education and training process,improve the mental health of doctoral students,and boost academic excellence.展开更多
Early onset of hypertension (HTN) raises the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the U.S. For university students who do not follow healthy diets or lifestyles, high blood pressure (BP)...Early onset of hypertension (HTN) raises the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the U.S. For university students who do not follow healthy diets or lifestyles, high blood pressure (BP) may be markedly prevalent. Researchers utilized a cross-sectional design to assess HTN prevalence and its risk factors among college students (N = 123). Self-administered surveys comprising four validated questionnaires: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants-Shortened (REAPS), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Quality (DASH-Q), and the U.S. Adult Food Security Survey (FSS) were employed. Additionally, physical measurements were conducted, including height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and BP. Results indicated that 71.6% of students had elevated BP, with 24.4% classified as Stage 1 HTN and 23.6% as Stage 2 HTN. Notably, 60% of students reported low adherence to the DASH diet and a mean REAPS score of 26.3 out of 39. Students experiencing marginal food security had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) 131.7 ± 16.8 mm Hg compared to those with high food security 123.03 ± 11.7 mm Hg (p = 0.028). Furthermore, REAPS scores showed a negative correlation with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = −0.201, p = 0.03). Significant predictors for SBP included WC (β = 0.40, p β = −0.33, p β = 0.16, p = 0.046). The findings highlight the need for BP screenings and nutrition education programs to improve dietary habits among college students, which may help reduce HTN and its associated long-term risks for CVD.展开更多
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a primary reason for liver cancer and continues to be a worldwide public health issue. The likelihood of contracting HBV is greater in healthcare workers (HCWs) compared to indiv...Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a primary reason for liver cancer and continues to be a worldwide public health issue. The likelihood of contracting HBV is greater in healthcare workers (HCWs) compared to individuals who are not in healthcare professions. Medical students are classified as a high-risk demographic since, like HCWs, they often come into contact with bodily fluids and blood during their clinical training. By 2030, a greater proportion of people will have received HBV vaccinations, thereby halting the spread of new infections—The Somali Ministry of Health with the help of various agencies announced to eradicate hepatitis from Somalia. The priority actions are national hepatitis strategy, hepatitis survey, public awareness, training, and capacity building. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and vaccination status of Hepatitis B infection among medical university students in Mogadishu, Somalia, 2024. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used in this study and the survey was carried out among medical students enrolled in Universities from April 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 software, Chi-square analysis and Logistic regression analysis to identify associations between demographic factors and HBV knowledge, attitudes, and vaccination status, as well as perspectives and immunization status concerning viral hepatitis. Results: The study achieved a response rate of (96%), with 230 participants. Most students (76.5%) were aged 26 - 30 years, and (60.8%) were male. Nearly half (48.7%) were in their third year of study, and the majority (36.1%) were from the Medicine and Surgery department. While 92.2% had heard of HBV, gaps in understanding were evident. About 37.8% erroneously believed HBV could spread via handshakes, and only 33.9% were aware HBV is treatable. Awareness of HBV’s severe complications, such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, was reported by 61.3%, and 83% understood that vaccination could prevent infection. Positive attitudes towards HBV vaccination were prevalent. Most participants (81.3%) supported vaccination before sexual activity, and 78.3% endorsed mandatory HBV vaccination policies for healthcare workers. However, 87.4% expressed concerns about the vaccine promoting unsafe sexual behavior, and 96.1% cited cultural resistance as a barrier to vaccination. A significant proportion (80.86%) of students had not been vaccinated against HBV. Among vaccinated students, 17.4%, 15.7%, and 47.82% had received one, two, and three doses, respectively. Barriers to vaccination included safety concerns (77.4%), lack of time (86.52%), and doubts about efficacy (42.61%). Conclusion: This study highlights gaps in knowledge and vaccination coverage among medical students, which are critical for their health and future clinical practice. Enhancing awareness and vaccination rates can empower students to advocate for preventative measures in their professional environments. Despite high awareness of HBV, knowledge gaps and cultural barriers persist, affecting attitudes and vaccination uptake among medical students. Educational interventions addressing misconceptions, cultural resistance, and vaccine safety are critical. Increased advocacy for mandatory vaccination policies in healthcare settings is also essential to improve HBV prevention methods.展开更多
Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of informatio...Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.展开更多
There is curiosity and awareness throughout the world regarding the role of Information and Communication technologies. This is felt in each and every section of society. Several studies have confirmed and considered ...There is curiosity and awareness throughout the world regarding the role of Information and Communication technologies. This is felt in each and every section of society. Several studies have confirmed and considered information and communication technology’s significance in the field of education. It has not only affected learners but also to the teachers. This paper explores how ICT-based projects affect teachers’ and students’ attitudes. The data was collected through self-prepared attitude scale. It was distributed among the teachers and students of various schools. Two hundred students and one hundred twenty teachers responded to the questionnaire. Analysis was done through the data collected from the teachers as well as from students. The study’s conclusions demonstrated that while there was no significant variation in the attitudes of teachers utilizing different ICT-based programs, there was a substantial difference in the students’ attitude toward learning with different ICT-based programs.展开更多
The cultivation of innovative talents has become the primary objective of talent development in colleges and universities and is also essential for the personal development of master's degree students.Ethnic medic...The cultivation of innovative talents has become the primary objective of talent development in colleges and universities and is also essential for the personal development of master's degree students.Ethnic medicine,a key discipline at Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,aims to cultivate high-level master's degree talents who possess comprehensive qualities,strong innovative capabilities,and distinctive characteristics of Zhuang medicine.This program is designed to better serve the local economic development and social needs of Guangxi,thereby promoting the substantive advancement of higher education within traditional medical institutions.展开更多
Background: In the global burden of non-communicable diseases, the top slot among them all is occupied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which also claim primacy in mortality rates. Generally speaking, the pat...Background: In the global burden of non-communicable diseases, the top slot among them all is occupied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which also claim primacy in mortality rates. Generally speaking, the pathophysiological pathway frequently involves either (or a combination of) elevated serum cholesterol levels, predominantly attributed to dietary patterns characterized by extremely high levels of saturated and trans-fat consumption. Day-to-day nutritional epidemiology among university students suggests that they represent a crucial demographic for the study of preventive interventions. Objective: This in-depth study and investigation were specifically aimed to quantitatively assess and compare prevailing patterns of dietary fat consumption between female students enrolled in health sciences and non-health sciences programs at major universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 434 Saudi female university students (age range: 18 - 25 years), utilizing a validated Block Dietary Fat Screener accompanied by anthropometric measurements and comprehensive demographic data collection. The sampling methodology consisted of a snowball technique that was spread across three major academic institutions in Riyadh. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between academic specialization and patterns of dietary fat consumption (p = 0.012). Paradoxically, students of health science exhibited a higher prevalence of very high fat intake (41.9%) compared with their non-health sciences counterparts (27.6%). Surprisingly, anthropometric stratification revealed that it was the underweight students who demonstrated very high levels of fat consumption. A notable socioeconomic gradient was observed, with students from households earning 15,000 - 20,000 SR monthly showing the highest prevalence of very high-fat consumption (47.1%), although this association did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.104). Conclusion: These findings challenge the conventional assumption that health sciences education correlates with superior dietary behaviors. The data suggests a critical need for enhanced education in nutrition, as well as intervention using various behavioral programs across all academic disciplines, particularly those addressing the disconnect between nutritional knowledge and dietary practices among students of health sciences. Future longitudinal studies are warranted in order to elucidate the temporal relationship between academic specialization and dietary behaviors.展开更多
文摘AIM:To determine the prevalence of tropia,phoria,and abnormality of near point of convergence(NPC),along with associated ocular symptoms,in high school students.METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Erbil,Iraq.The target population consisted of high school students selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method.Comprehensive visual examinations were performed for all students,including measurement of uncorrected and corrected visual acuity,objective and subjective refraction,and distance and near cover tests.NPC was evaluated using a single 6/12 visual target mounted on a centrally positioned Gulden fixation stick.Ocular symptoms were investigated through interviews.RESULTS:Of the 996 selected students,921 participated in the study.Of them,543(58.96%)were female,and their ages ranged from 13 to 22y.The prevalence of tropia was 3.58%[95%confidence interval(CI):2.38%-4.78%],observed in 3.44%of males and 3.68%of females.Exotropia(1.95%,95%CI:1.06%-2.85%)was more common than esotropia(1.52%,95%CI:0.73%-2.31%).The 15.42%(95%CI:13.09%-17.75%)of students had phoria.Exophoria(13.79%,95%CI:11.56%-16.02%)was significantly more prevalent than esophoria(1.63%,95%CI:0.81%-2.45%).The prevalence of NPC abnormality in the total study population was 24.97%(95%CI:22.18%-27.77%).It was 26.72%(95%CI:22.26%-31.18%)in males and 23.76%(95%CI:20.18%-27.34%)in females(P=0.307).The most common symptom in phoria was headache(86.62%,95%CI:81.02%-92.22%),followed by tired or sore eyes(61.97%,95%CI:53.99%-69.96%).The most common symptoms in tropia were blurry vision(93.94%,95%CI:79.77%-99.26%)and difficulty concentrating(87.88%,95%CI:76.74%-99.01%).CONCLUSION:Among Erbil’s high school students,the prevalence of strabismus,particularly the exodeviation type,is relatively high,and a significant percentage of students have NPC abnormalities.Addressing and correcting these binocular vision problems,due to their associated visual symptoms,can lead to an improvement in students’quality of life and academic performance.
文摘The purpose of this study is to gain perspectives on introducing IBCTL(International Baccalaureate Certificate in Teaching and Learning)into graduate school of teacher education in Japan,which are currently providing advanced teacher training programs aimed at cultivating student agency,a comprehensive set of skills necessary for children living in the future,as advocated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Education 2030 Project.To achieve this goal,I examined the curriculum and structure that are important for IB teacher training and the introduction of IBCTL.I attempted to achieve this goal by examining the curriculum being developed at a graduate school of teacher education attempting to implement IBCTL and the creation of a syllabus based on that curriculum through lesson planning.As a result,I examined the curriculum and structure as a perspective for introducing IBCTL into graduate school of teacher education in Japan,where advanced teacher training is required.I found that a core curriculum and structure that incorporates the core of the IBCTL into the core of graduate school of teacher education programs is important for implementing an IB education that is aligned with the advancement of teacher training and the development of student agency.
基金supported by the 2024 Henan Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(Youth Project)entitled“Research on the Mechanism and Intervention of Self-Regulated Learning in Promoting Children’s Chinese Reading Comprehension”(2024CJY070).
文摘This study examined the impact of teacher-student relationship quality on students’risk of bullying victimiza-tion and the mediating roles of student-student relationships and student engagement in this relationship.A total of 656 Chinese junior high school students(females=361,mean age=13.75,SD=0.98)completed validated measures of teacher-student relationship quality,student-student relationship quality,student engagement,and bullying victimization.Regression analysis results indicated that higher teacher-student relationship quality predicted a lower risk of student bullying victimization.Serial mediating effect testing of the student-student relationship quality and student engagement revealed that these factors fully mediated the relationship between teacher-student relationship quality and bullying victimization,resulting in a lower risk of bullying victimization.The results showed that student-student relationship quality had a more substantial mediating effect than student engagement.Thefindings support the Socio-Ecological Framework,suggesting that within the Microsystem,interactions between individuals and their immediate environments significantly impact their behavior.Specifically,thesefindings suggest that good teacher-student relationships can enhance the quality of student-student relationships and student engagement,thereby preventing and reducing the occurrence of bullying victimization.
文摘This study explores the environmental sensitivity of first-year teacher education stu dents,focusing on the relationship between their Earth Science performance,demographic factors,and their cognitive and emotional responses to environmental challenges.Using a descriptive correlational design within a mixed-methods framework,the research incorporates tools such as the Environmental Sensitivity Test(EST),focus group discussions(FGDs),and eco-mapping to comprehensively collect and analyze data.The findings reveal that while students exhibit a general awareness of environmental issues,this awareness does not consistently translate into sustainable practices,particularly in areas such as water conservation and waste management.A weak and statistically insignificant correlation was identified between Earth Science performance and environmental sensitivity,indicating that academic achievement in the subject does not necessarily lead to environmentally responsible behaviors.The results underscore the importance of teacher education programs integrating principles of behavioral psychology,experiential learning,and focused environmental education.Specifically,secondary science teachers should be equipped with practical strategies,such as implementing project-based learning,organizing community-centered environmental initiatives,and fostering interdisciplinary approaches to sustainability.These interventions address the gap in preparing future educators to effectively advocate for and implement sustainable practices.Strengthening teacher preparation programs with these components ensures that science educators are better equipped to cultivate a new generation of environmentally responsible citizens.
文摘Objective:To explore the application value of the modified Peyton’s four-step teaching method in bridge experimental courses for undergraduate medical students.Methods:100 undergraduate medical students from Bethune Hospital of Shanxi from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected and grouped using a random number method.The control group received a conventional training program,while the observation group received a modified Peyton’s four-step teaching and training program.The DOPS scores and teaching satisfaction scores of the two groups of undergraduate medical students were compared.Results:After intervention,the scores of each dimension of the DOPS for the undergraduate medical students in the observation group were higher than those in the control group.The teaching satisfaction scores of the undergraduate medical students after teaching were lower in the control group than in the observation group.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The modified Peyton’s four-step teaching program developed in this study can promote teaching and learning methods for undergraduate medical students,improve teaching satisfaction levels,and help administrators stabilize the medical team.
文摘The present study explores the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience among college students,with a particular focus on comparing National Service Scheme(NSS)volunteers and non-NSS students.The study utilized a cross-sectional design involving 147 students(71 NSS volunteers and 76 non-NSS students)from different colleges of Kanpur Nagar.MDRS-H,which stands for the Multi-dimensional scale of Resilience in Hindi,was established by Singh and Khullar.It is utilised for the purpose of measuring resistance and the Hindi version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Sud,Schwarzer,and Jerusalem was administered to measure self-efficacy.Results indicated that NSS students exhibited higher levels of both self-efficacy and resilience compared to their non-NSS counterparts.Self-efficacy significantly positively correlated with Resilience in NSS students and non-NSS students.Regression analyses suggested that resilience was a strong predictor of self-efficacy in both students NSS and non-NSS.However,the association was most likely stronger for NSS students because they were exposed to more resilience-building activities.The study contributes to the growing body of literature on the positive impact of extracurricular activities on students’psychological well-being and provides insights into how participation in such programs may enhance both resilience and self-efficacy in college students.
基金2025 Wenzhou Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Science(Wenzhou University Learning Science and Technology Research Centre)Research Project:Investigation and Strategy Research on the Causes of Middle School Students’Learning Difficulties in the Context of the Leading Country in Education.
文摘The purpose of this research is to analyze the causal mechanisms of learning difficulties of middle school students and use them to propose strategies to help them.This research is particularly valuable for its focus on middle school students.Research on this critical transition period is often lacking compared to primary and high school.Therefore,this research establishes a structured equation model and analyzes the data from the survey using the partial least squares method.The data were obtained from a 13,900 Wenzhou City,China students’questionnaire.The research found that learning strategies were the most significant influences on learning effectiveness,followed by learning motivation and learning relationships.Meanwhile,learning relationships had a significant impact on learning pressure.Therefore,this research proposes targeted support strategies.It aims to enhance learning motivation(Set achievable learning goals for each student with learning difficulties based on their actual situation),optimize learning strategies(Encourage students with learning difficulties to learn self-regulatory strategies such as goal setting,time management,and self-reflection),and improve learning relationships(Establish a good social network to promote positive interaction between students with learning difficulties and their peers).At the same time,it reduces students’learning pressure.Ultimately,the learning effectiveness of students with learning difficulties is improved.
基金Teaching Reform Research Project of Nanchong Vocational College of Culture and Tourism in 2023:Research on the Training Path of Higher Vocational Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Capabilities from the Perspective of the“Internet+”College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition(JG2023A13)。
文摘Guided by the China International College Students’Innovation Competition,higher vocational colleges,as the main position for cultivating technical and skilled talents,need to explore a suitable training path for higher vocational students’innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities.Therefore,based on the background of the competition,this paper deeply analyzes the current situation and problems of cultivating higher vocational students’innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities.It proposes paths from aspects such as curriculum system construction,construction of the integration platform of competition and teaching,construction of a diversified teaching team,improvement of the innovation and entrepreneurship work mechanism,and creation of a strong campus cultural atmosphere.The purpose is to promote the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education and teaching in higher vocational colleges through the competition and enhance the core competitiveness of higher vocational students.
基金2024 Provincial Teaching Reform Program for Graduate Students in the Second Batch of the 14th Five-Year Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Office of Education:Innovation and Practice of“Six Synergistic”Graduate Teaching Guided by Educator’s Spirit(No.JGCG2024406)Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Education Science Planning:Research on an interdisciplinary teaching model to promote students’computational thinking from multiple analytical perspectives[No.2025SB103].
文摘Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a quasi-experimental research method to carry out the research and proposes an AI-based reflective dialogue model.Based on this,an analysis of the impact brought by this model on EFL students’oral expression performance and learning anxiety levels.The results show that students in the experimental group have significantly higher oral expression performance than those in the control group in the three dimensions of grammatical accuracy,expressive fluency,and word accuracy.In addition,the students in the experimental group produced facilitated anxiety after using the AI-based reflective dialogue model for oral expression learning,which prompted the students to learn more diligently.
基金Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Mood Disorders,No.Szlcyxzx202109Suzhou Key Laboratory,No.SZS2024016+1 种基金Multicenter Clinical Research on Major Diseases in Suzhou,No.DZXYJ202413General Program of Lianyungang Health Committee,No.202336.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent among university students worldwide,often coexisting with functional constipation(FC).Family relationships have been identified as crucial factors affecting mental health,yet the gender-specific associations between these conditions remain underexplored.AIM To assess prevalence of depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms,and FC among Chinese university students and explore their associations.METHODS Using a cross-sectional survey design,data were collected from 12721 students at two universities in Jiangsu Province and Shandong Province.Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9,anxiety symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale,and FC using the ROME IV.Gender-stratified analyses and population attributable risk proportions were calculated to evaluate risk factor patterns and population impact.RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported depressive,anxiety,and comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms was 16.3%,24.9%,and 13.3%,respectively,whereas that of FC was 22%.Students with depressive symptoms were 1.811 times more likely to have FC than those without.Female gender,parental relationships,and lower household income were significant risk factors for both mental health conditions.For depressive symptoms,females experienced stronger effects from both parental conflict[odds ratio(OR)=8.006 vs OR=7.661 in males]and FC(OR=1.954 vs OR=1.628 in males).For anxiety symptoms,conflicted parental relationships had stronger effects in males(OR=5.946)than females(OR=4.262).Overall,poor parental relationships contributed to 38.6%of depressive and 33.5%of anxiety symptoms.CONCLUSION Family relationships significantly impact student mental health,with gender-specific patterns.Targeted interventions addressing family dynamics could reduce mental health burden in university settings.
文摘The micro-public opinion environment,characterized by information fragmentation,instantaneous dissemination,emotional contagion,and diverse values,has profoundly transformed the information acquisition patterns and cognitive formation processes of college students.It also poses new challenges and opportunities for innovation in ideological and political education(hereinafter referred to as“IPE”)for college students.Starting from the contemporary value of IPE for college students,this paper analyzes the logical connection between the micro-public opinion environment and IPE,thoroughly examines the core challenges faced by IPE in this context,and proposes specific innovative paths from four perspectives:content,methods,subjects,and mechanisms.The aim is to provide insights for enhancing the pertinence and effectiveness of IPE for college students in the micro-public opinion environment.
文摘BACKGROUND Revisiting the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress symptoms(PTSSs)among university students during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic as well as understanding the mental health help-seeking behavior of individuals with PTSSs has critical implications for public mental health strategies in future medical pandemics.AIM To investigate the prevalence and correlates of PTSSs among university students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to examine mental health help-seeking behaviors among these students.METHODS A total of 2507 Chinese university students were recruited via snowball sampling.The students completed the Seven-item Screening Scale for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.Sociodemo-graphic characteristics,pandemic-related characteristics,and mental health help-seeking behaviors of students with PTSSs were also collected.RESULTS The prevalence of PTSSs among the participants was 28.0%.Seven significant correlates of PTSSs were identified(odds ratio=1.23-3.65,P≤0.024):Female sex,being 19 years old or older,living with others or alone,a low level of family economic status,fair or poor interpersonal relationships,severe or very severe local pandemic,and having family members diagnosed with COVID-19.However,only 3.28%of the students with PTSSs reported seeking help from mental health specialists.Among the 23 students who sought help from mental health specialists,13 opted for online or telephone-based psychological consultation.CONCLUSION Our data suggest that there was a high risk of PTSSs among university students and a high level of unmet mental health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic.The delivery of mental health services online or via telephone is a promising approach to address these unmet needs.
文摘Background:Doctoral students have much higher risk of anxiety or depression than general population.Doctoral students worldwide are facing varying degrees of mental health risks.Method:Based on the survey data of 6,812 doctoral students worldwide in Nature in 2019,Probit and Logit models are used to explore the correlation between thefit of doctoral education and training process and the mental health of doctoral students.Results:(1)The training environmentfit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.(2)The academic professionfit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.(3)The orga-nizational culturefit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.(4)Thefinancial supportfit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.Conclusion:The higher the degree of doctoral students’training environmentfit,academic professionfit,organizational culturefit,andfinancial supportfit,the lower the possibility of anxiety or depression among doctoral students.The current research results can help reveal extensive factors that affect the mental health of doctoral students,facilitate the planning and development of effective intervention measures by universities,improve thefit of the doctoral education and training process,improve the mental health of doctoral students,and boost academic excellence.
文摘Early onset of hypertension (HTN) raises the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the U.S. For university students who do not follow healthy diets or lifestyles, high blood pressure (BP) may be markedly prevalent. Researchers utilized a cross-sectional design to assess HTN prevalence and its risk factors among college students (N = 123). Self-administered surveys comprising four validated questionnaires: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants-Shortened (REAPS), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Quality (DASH-Q), and the U.S. Adult Food Security Survey (FSS) were employed. Additionally, physical measurements were conducted, including height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and BP. Results indicated that 71.6% of students had elevated BP, with 24.4% classified as Stage 1 HTN and 23.6% as Stage 2 HTN. Notably, 60% of students reported low adherence to the DASH diet and a mean REAPS score of 26.3 out of 39. Students experiencing marginal food security had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) 131.7 ± 16.8 mm Hg compared to those with high food security 123.03 ± 11.7 mm Hg (p = 0.028). Furthermore, REAPS scores showed a negative correlation with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = −0.201, p = 0.03). Significant predictors for SBP included WC (β = 0.40, p β = −0.33, p β = 0.16, p = 0.046). The findings highlight the need for BP screenings and nutrition education programs to improve dietary habits among college students, which may help reduce HTN and its associated long-term risks for CVD.
文摘Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a primary reason for liver cancer and continues to be a worldwide public health issue. The likelihood of contracting HBV is greater in healthcare workers (HCWs) compared to individuals who are not in healthcare professions. Medical students are classified as a high-risk demographic since, like HCWs, they often come into contact with bodily fluids and blood during their clinical training. By 2030, a greater proportion of people will have received HBV vaccinations, thereby halting the spread of new infections—The Somali Ministry of Health with the help of various agencies announced to eradicate hepatitis from Somalia. The priority actions are national hepatitis strategy, hepatitis survey, public awareness, training, and capacity building. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and vaccination status of Hepatitis B infection among medical university students in Mogadishu, Somalia, 2024. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used in this study and the survey was carried out among medical students enrolled in Universities from April 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 software, Chi-square analysis and Logistic regression analysis to identify associations between demographic factors and HBV knowledge, attitudes, and vaccination status, as well as perspectives and immunization status concerning viral hepatitis. Results: The study achieved a response rate of (96%), with 230 participants. Most students (76.5%) were aged 26 - 30 years, and (60.8%) were male. Nearly half (48.7%) were in their third year of study, and the majority (36.1%) were from the Medicine and Surgery department. While 92.2% had heard of HBV, gaps in understanding were evident. About 37.8% erroneously believed HBV could spread via handshakes, and only 33.9% were aware HBV is treatable. Awareness of HBV’s severe complications, such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, was reported by 61.3%, and 83% understood that vaccination could prevent infection. Positive attitudes towards HBV vaccination were prevalent. Most participants (81.3%) supported vaccination before sexual activity, and 78.3% endorsed mandatory HBV vaccination policies for healthcare workers. However, 87.4% expressed concerns about the vaccine promoting unsafe sexual behavior, and 96.1% cited cultural resistance as a barrier to vaccination. A significant proportion (80.86%) of students had not been vaccinated against HBV. Among vaccinated students, 17.4%, 15.7%, and 47.82% had received one, two, and three doses, respectively. Barriers to vaccination included safety concerns (77.4%), lack of time (86.52%), and doubts about efficacy (42.61%). Conclusion: This study highlights gaps in knowledge and vaccination coverage among medical students, which are critical for their health and future clinical practice. Enhancing awareness and vaccination rates can empower students to advocate for preventative measures in their professional environments. Despite high awareness of HBV, knowledge gaps and cultural barriers persist, affecting attitudes and vaccination uptake among medical students. Educational interventions addressing misconceptions, cultural resistance, and vaccine safety are critical. Increased advocacy for mandatory vaccination policies in healthcare settings is also essential to improve HBV prevention methods.
文摘Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.
文摘There is curiosity and awareness throughout the world regarding the role of Information and Communication technologies. This is felt in each and every section of society. Several studies have confirmed and considered information and communication technology’s significance in the field of education. It has not only affected learners but also to the teachers. This paper explores how ICT-based projects affect teachers’ and students’ attitudes. The data was collected through self-prepared attitude scale. It was distributed among the teachers and students of various schools. Two hundred students and one hundred twenty teachers responded to the questionnaire. Analysis was done through the data collected from the teachers as well as from students. The study’s conclusions demonstrated that while there was no significant variation in the attitudes of teachers utilizing different ICT-based programs, there was a substantial difference in the students’ attitude toward learning with different ICT-based programs.
基金Supported by Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(YJSJG201602)Special Project on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities under the"14 th Five-Year Plan"of Guangxi Education Science(2022ZJY2965).
文摘The cultivation of innovative talents has become the primary objective of talent development in colleges and universities and is also essential for the personal development of master's degree students.Ethnic medicine,a key discipline at Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,aims to cultivate high-level master's degree talents who possess comprehensive qualities,strong innovative capabilities,and distinctive characteristics of Zhuang medicine.This program is designed to better serve the local economic development and social needs of Guangxi,thereby promoting the substantive advancement of higher education within traditional medical institutions.
文摘Background: In the global burden of non-communicable diseases, the top slot among them all is occupied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which also claim primacy in mortality rates. Generally speaking, the pathophysiological pathway frequently involves either (or a combination of) elevated serum cholesterol levels, predominantly attributed to dietary patterns characterized by extremely high levels of saturated and trans-fat consumption. Day-to-day nutritional epidemiology among university students suggests that they represent a crucial demographic for the study of preventive interventions. Objective: This in-depth study and investigation were specifically aimed to quantitatively assess and compare prevailing patterns of dietary fat consumption between female students enrolled in health sciences and non-health sciences programs at major universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 434 Saudi female university students (age range: 18 - 25 years), utilizing a validated Block Dietary Fat Screener accompanied by anthropometric measurements and comprehensive demographic data collection. The sampling methodology consisted of a snowball technique that was spread across three major academic institutions in Riyadh. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between academic specialization and patterns of dietary fat consumption (p = 0.012). Paradoxically, students of health science exhibited a higher prevalence of very high fat intake (41.9%) compared with their non-health sciences counterparts (27.6%). Surprisingly, anthropometric stratification revealed that it was the underweight students who demonstrated very high levels of fat consumption. A notable socioeconomic gradient was observed, with students from households earning 15,000 - 20,000 SR monthly showing the highest prevalence of very high-fat consumption (47.1%), although this association did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.104). Conclusion: These findings challenge the conventional assumption that health sciences education correlates with superior dietary behaviors. The data suggests a critical need for enhanced education in nutrition, as well as intervention using various behavioral programs across all academic disciplines, particularly those addressing the disconnect between nutritional knowledge and dietary practices among students of health sciences. Future longitudinal studies are warranted in order to elucidate the temporal relationship between academic specialization and dietary behaviors.
