Immature embryos of rice varieties "Xiushui11" and "Chunjiang 11" precultured for 4d were infected and transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101/pExT7 (containing the spider insecticid...Immature embryos of rice varieties "Xiushui11" and "Chunjiang 11" precultured for 4d were infected and transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101/pExT7 (containing the spider insecticidal gene). The resistant cant were transferred onto the differentiation medium and plants were regenerated. The transformation frequency reached 56%-72% measured as numbers of Geneticin (G418)-resistant calli produced and 36%-60% measured as numbers of transgenic plants regenerated, respectively. PCR and Southern blot analysis of transgenic plants confirmed that the T-DNA had been integrated into the rice genome. Insect bioassays using T1 transgenic plants indicated that the mortality of the leaffolder (Cnaphalocrasis medinalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 38%-61% and the corrected mortality of the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 16%-75%. The insect bioassay results demonstrated that the transgenic plants expressing the spider insecticidal protein conferred enhanced resistance to these pests.展开更多
Food restriction （FR） and refeeding （Re） have been suggested to impair body mass regulation and thereby making it easier to regain the lost weight and develop over-weight when FR ends. However, it is unclear if th...Food restriction （FR） and refeeding （Re） have been suggested to impair body mass regulation and thereby making it easier to regain the lost weight and develop over-weight when FR ends. However, it is unclear if this is the case in small mammals showing seasonal forging behaviors. In the present study, energy budget, body fat and serum leptin level were measured in striped hamsters that were exposed to FR-Re. The effects of leptin on food intake, body fat and genes expressions of several hypothalamus neuropeptides were determined. Body mass, fat content and serum leptin level decreased during FR and then increased during Re. Leptin supplement significantly attenuated the increase in food intake during Re, decreased genes expressions of neuropepetide Y （NPY） and agouti-related protein （AgRP） of hypothalamus and leptin of white adipose tissue （WAT）. Hormone-sensitive lipase （HSL） gene expression of WAT increased in leptin-treated hamsters that were fed ad libitum, but decreased in FR-Re hamsters. This indicates that the adaptive regulation of WAT HSL gene expression may be involved in the mobilization of fat storage during Re, which partly contributes to the resistance to FR-Re-induced overweight. Leptin may be involved in the down regulations of hypothalamus orexigenic peptides gene expression and consequently plays a crucial role in controlling food intake when FR ends.展开更多
Rice production and quality are seriously affected by the lepidopteran pest,striped stem borer(SSB),in Northeast China.In this study,a synthetic cry1 C gene encoding Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)δ-endotoxin,which is tox...Rice production and quality are seriously affected by the lepidopteran pest,striped stem borer(SSB),in Northeast China.In this study,a synthetic cry1 C gene encoding Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)δ-endotoxin,which is toxic to lepidopteran pest,was transformed into a japonica rice variety(Jigeng 88)in Northeast China by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.Through molecular detection and the Basta resistance germination assay,a total of 16 single-copy homozygous transgenic lines were obtained from 126 independent transformants expressing cry1 C.Finally,four cry1 C-transgenic lines(JL16,JL23,JL41,and JL42)were selected by evaluation of the Cry1 C protein level,insect-resistance and agronomic traits.The cry1 C-transgenic lines had higher resistance to SSB and higher yield compared with non-transgenic(NT)control plants.T-DNA flanking sequence analysis of the transgenic line JL42 showed that the cry1 C gene was inserted into the intergenic region of chromosome 11,indicating that its insertion may not interfere with the genes near insertion site.In summary,this study developed four cry1 C-transgenic japonica rice lines with high insect resistance and high yield.They can be used as insect-resistant germplasm materials to overcome the problem of rice yield reduction caused by SSB and reduce the use of pesticides in Northeast China.展开更多
A new white striped leaf mutant wsll was discovered from Nipponbare mutated by ethyl methanesulfonate. The mutant showed white striped leaves at the seedling stage and the leaves gradually turned green after the tille...A new white striped leaf mutant wsll was discovered from Nipponbare mutated by ethyl methanesulfonate. The mutant showed white striped leaves at the seedling stage and the leaves gradually turned green after the tillering stage. The chlorophyll content of wsll was significantly lower than that of wild-type during the fourth leaf stage, tillering stage and booting stage. The numbers of chloroplast, grana and grana lamella were reduced and the thylakoids were degenerated in wsll compared with wild type. Genetic analysis showed that the wsll was controlled by a single recessive gene. Molecular mapping of the wsll was performed using an F2 population derived from wsll/Nanjing 11. The wsll was finally mapped on the telomere region of chromosome 9 and positioned between simple sequence repeat markers RM23742 and RM23759 which are separated by approximately 486.5 kb. The results may facilitate map-based cloning of wsll and understanding of the molecular mechanism of the regulation of leaf-color by WSL1 in rice.展开更多
Understanding the drivers promoting sociality over solitariness in animal species is imperative for predicting future population trends and informing conservation and management.In this study we investigate the social...Understanding the drivers promoting sociality over solitariness in animal species is imperative for predicting future population trends and informing conservation and management.In this study we investigate the social structure of a desert dwelling population of striped hyena Hyaena hyaena.This species is historically regarded as strictly solitary albeit being the least studied of the extant Hyaenids.Accumulating evidence regarding the frequency of social interactions sug-gests a revision of striped hyena social structure is required.We hypothesized that striped hyena has a social structure that is more complex than expected for a strictly solitary species.For that end,we deployed an array of camera-traps in a remote desert region in Israel,and compared observed frequencies of striped hyena co-occurrence against null models to test whether hyena co-occurred more than expected by chance.Seven adults were(re)captured by our camera-traps in 49 different instances over 83 tracking days.Of these,6 exhibited shared space-use around a scarce,isolated perennial water source.Five of them,co-occurred with other hyena(in 3 instan-ces)significantly more frequent than expected by chance(and that timing suggests reproduction is unlikely to be the driving factor).Our findings substantiate evidence of complex social structure in striped hyena,highlight the importance of a scarce resource in space use and sociality,and provide a baseline for future research of striped hyena social structure.We suggest that similar methods be employed to evaluate social structure in other"solitary species"to better under-stand their social dynamics.展开更多
We consider an effective two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with some spin–orbit coupling(SOC) and a rotation term in an external harmonic potential. We find the striped state,and analyze the effects of SOC, t...We consider an effective two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with some spin–orbit coupling(SOC) and a rotation term in an external harmonic potential. We find the striped state,and analyze the effects of SOC, the external potential, and the rotation frequency/direction on the profile and the stability of the striped state. Without the rotation term, the two spinor components exhibit striped pattern, and the numbers of stripes in the two components are always an odd–even or an even–odd. With the increase of the SOC strength, the number of stripes in both components increases, while the difference of the striped numbers is always one. After adding the rotation term, the profiles of the spinor components change qualitatively, and the change regulation of the striped numbers differs, while the difference of the striped numbers is still one. In addition, we find that the rotation direction only makes the striped state of the two spinor components exchange each other, though the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation directions are inequivalent with the presence of SOC. Such regulation is different from the previous study. And the rotation frequency gives rise to the transition from the striped state to a mixture of the striped state and vortex state. Furthermore, we prove the stability of these states by the evolution and linear stability analysis.展开更多
Reproductive biology of L. mormyrus was studied using monthly samples totaling 224 fish obtained from AI-Haneah fishing site, eastern Libya Mediterranean Sea. Lengths of the examined fish ranged between 11.5 cm and 23...Reproductive biology of L. mormyrus was studied using monthly samples totaling 224 fish obtained from AI-Haneah fishing site, eastern Libya Mediterranean Sea. Lengths of the examined fish ranged between 11.5 cm and 23.4 cm. Corresponding weights were 24.5 g and 160.8 g. The minimum values of the condition factors, KF and Kc, were 1.38 and 1.21 at the average fish length of 12.4 cm. These values increased with increases in length until they reached maximum values of 1.59 and 1.41 at the length of 22.1 cm. The high values of KF and Kc, Gonado-Somatic Index and oocyte diameter maintained during May, June, July, and August and the monthly changes in gonadal condition, indicated that summer was the breeding season of L. mormyrus. The oocyte diameter ranged between 379± 25.3 μ and 1,511 ± 143.3μ （n = 76） with an average of 895 ± 111.3 μ. The sex ratio was in favor of females during all months of the study. The overall sex ratio was 1 ： 1.52. Length at first maturity, Ls0, for L. mormyrus was found to be 14.15 cm for males and 14.45 for females. Overall average of absolute fecundity was 4,342±557 egg per fish （n = 45）. The overall average of relative fecundity was 234± 181 egg per cm. Absolute fecundity increased with increasing fish length.展开更多
In this paper, the generation of striped trajectories in phase space by noise-injection is considered. With suitable amplitudes of noise, the steady-state system orbits appear in rectangular striped shape. The relatio...In this paper, the generation of striped trajectories in phase space by noise-injection is considered. With suitable amplitudes of noise, the steady-state system orbits appear in rectangular striped shape. The relationship between the shape （including the range and the number of stripes） and some parameters is discussed. The result shows that noise can also generate the striped shape effectively and simply, which is similar to the newly-discovered striped pattern generated by controlled Rossler systems.展开更多
The thermoneutral zone(TNZ)reflects the adaptation of mammals to their natural habitat.However,it remains unclear how TNZ shifts in response to variations in ambient temperature.To test the hypothesis that ambient temp...The thermoneutral zone(TNZ)reflects the adaptation of mammals to their natural habitat.However,it remains unclear how TNZ shifts in response to variations in ambient temperature.To test the hypothesis that ambient temperature plays a key role in determining TNZ variations between seasons,we measured metabolic rate,body temperature,and cytochrome c oxidase(COX)activity of several visceral organs in striped hamsters(Cricetulus barabensis)either acclimated to semi-natural conditions over a year,or subjected to a gradual decrease in mean temperature from 30±1°C to-15±1°C.The TNZ range in striped hamsters differed seasonally,with a wider TNZ and a lower lower-critical temperature in winter compared to summer.The hamsters showed a consider-able leftward shift of lower-critical temperature from 30°C to 20°C after the ambient temperature of acclimation from 30°C down to-15°C,whereas the upper-critical temperature of TNZ remainedfixed at 32.5°C.The rest-ing metabolic rate in thermoneutral zone(RMRt),nonshivering thermogenesis(NST),and COX activity of brown adipose tissue,liver,skeletal muscle,brain,and kidneys,increased significantly in hamsters acclimated at lower ambient temperatures.Following acute exposure to 5°C and-15°C,hamsters acclimated to 32.5°C had signifi-cantly lower maximal NST and lower serum thyroid tri-iodothyronine(T3)levels compared to those kept at 23°C.Thesefindings suggest that acclimation to the upper-critical temperature of TNZ impairs the hamsters’thermo-genic capacity to cope with extreme cold temperature.Reduced ambient temperature was mainly responsible for the leftward shift of TNZ in striped hamsters,which reflects the adaptation to cold environments.展开更多
Parasite-mediated selection is widely believed to play a crucial role in maintaining the diversity of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)genes,which is thought to be maintained through heterozygote advantage,rar...Parasite-mediated selection is widely believed to play a crucial role in maintaining the diversity of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)genes,which is thought to be maintained through heterozygote advantage,rare-allele advantage,and fluctuating selection.However,the relationship between parasite pressure and MHC diversity has yielded inconsistent findings.These inconsistencies may arise from the influence of environmental factors and individual variations in traits on host–parasite interactions.To address these issues,our study extensively investigated populations of striped hamsters inhabiting regions characterized by environmental heterogeneity.The primary objective was to examine the universality of parasite-mediated selection mechanisms.Our observations revealed the presence of multiple parasite infections,accompanied by spatial and temporal variations in parasite communities and infection patterns among individual hamsters.Specifically,the temperature was found to influence all four parasite indices,while the presence of gamasid mites and parasite richness decreased with increasing precipitation.We also noted significant seasonal variation in parasite dynamics.Moreover,a significant sexual dimorphism was observed with males exhibiting a considerably higher parasite burden compared to their female counterparts.Lastly,we identified the maintenance of MHC polymorphism in striped hamsters as being driven by the heterozygote advantage and fluctuating selection mechanisms.This study underscores the significance of ecological processes in comprehending host–parasite systems and highlights the necessity of considering environmental factors and individual traits when elucidating the mechanisms underlying MHC diversity mediated by parasites.展开更多
The diversity of rodents in Asian deserts is high.Nevertheless,little is known about their use of daily torpor and hibernation,which are employed by many small mammals worldwide for energy and water conservation to pe...The diversity of rodents in Asian deserts is high.Nevertheless,little is known about their use of daily torpor and hibernation,which are employed by many small mammals worldwide for energy and water conservation to permit survival under adverse environmental conditions.We quantified for the first time,using temperature transponders and data loggers,long-term torpor expression and patterns in sympatric desert hamsters Phodopus roborovskii,striped hamsters Cricetulus barabensis and 3-toed jerboas Dipus sagitta under controlled conditions.Animals were live-trapped in Inner Mongolia in August and held in captivity under short photoperiods and low ambient temperatures(T,s)for about 6 months.Both hamster species(~half of individuals)expressed spontaneous(food available)daily torpor.Daily torpor in desert hamsters was less frequent and shallower than that in striped hamsters,which also had longer torpor bouts during torpor at T 15.8±0.4℃.Only one individual jerboa entered hibernation spontaneously at T,6.2±0.5℃,but all hibernated after food deprivation.The 2 hamster species only slightly changed their body mass during the acclimation,whereas jerboas greatly increased their body mass by 27.9%during the first 2 months of acclimation probably as a preparation for the hibernating season.Our data show that short photoperiod and moderately low T,induces spontaneous daily torpor in the 2 hamster species,suggesting that it is used regularly in the wild.Hibernation in Jerboas occurred at T,6.2±0.5°C especially when food was withheld suggesting limited food availability is the proximate trigger of their hibernation.展开更多
Kisspeptins and G protein coupled receptor(GPR54)play significant roles in regulating reproductive activity among seasonally reproductive animals;however,the mechanisms of KiSS-1 and GPR54 gene affecting the seasonal ...Kisspeptins and G protein coupled receptor(GPR54)play significant roles in regulating reproductive activity among seasonally reproductive animals;however,the mechanisms of KiSS-1 and GPR54 gene affecting the seasonal reproduction in striped hamster are still unknown.In this study,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to examine the expression profiles of KiSS-1 and GPR54 in the hypothalamus,ovaries,testes,uterus and epididymis of striped hamsters across 4 different seasons.Our results showed that,across different seasons,the KiSS-1 expression mode of male striped hamsters and the GPR54 expression mode of female striped hamsters were consistent with the seasonal photoperiod in the hypothalamus.Meanwhile,across different seasons,the expression profile of KiSS-1 in the testes and the GPR54 expression profile of male striped hamsters in the hypothalamus were consistent with the intensity of their seasonal reproductive activity.Among different tissues,the expression trend for GPR54 is consistent across 4 seasons,while that for KiSS-1 is tissue-dependent.The expression trend for GPR54 across 4 seasons is the same regardless of gender,while that for KiSS-1 is dramatically different and sex-dependent across different seasons.These results suggest that the expressions of KiSS-1 and GPR54 in the striped hamsters were regulated by complicated mechanisms,and the regulatory mechanisms in the striped hamsters are seasonal-dependent and sex-dependent.This research will provide a theoretical basis for studying how KiSS-1 and GPR54 affect seasonal reproduction and the mechanisms behind their influence.展开更多
The life history of many animals includes periods of food shortage.Two behavioral strategies are involved in small mammals in response to food shortage:an increase in activity behavior,representing the increased forag...The life history of many animals includes periods of food shortage.Two behavioral strategies are involved in small mammals in response to food shortage:an increase in activity behavior,representing the increased foraging or migratory behavior,and a decrease in activity level,serving as a mechanism for conserving energy.However,it is uncertain whether animals adopt both strategies in response to food shortage,and whether hormone and neuroendocrine mechanisms are involved in both strategies.In the present study,changes in behavior and metabolic rate were examined in food-deprived striped hamsters(Cricetulus barabensis).The effects of leptin supplement on activity behavior,metabolic rate and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression were also examined.The behavior of food-deprived hamsters significantly changed with photoperiod phases:with increasing activity during the dark phase compared to those fed ad libitum,whereas decreasing activity and simultaneously increasing resting behavior during the light phase.Resting metabolic rate,body mass,and masses of fat depots and digestive tracts significantly decreased in food-deprived hamsters compared with ad libitum controls.Leptin supplement tended to attenuate the increased activity in the dark phase.Gene expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y(NPY)was significantly upregulated in food-deprived hamsters,while was significantly attenuated by exogenous leptin.These findings suggest that both behavior strategies are important behavioral adjustments in free-living animals to cope with food shortage.Leptin and hypothalamic NPY gene expression may be involved in the adjustments of physiology and behavior in animals demonstrating a hyperactivity strategy in response to food shortage.展开更多
The objective of this study was to identify rice genes that are in response to the striped stem borer （SSB） （Chilo suppressalis Walker） feeding at the first to second larval stage. Using combined suppression subtr...The objective of this study was to identify rice genes that are in response to the striped stem borer （SSB） （Chilo suppressalis Walker） feeding at the first to second larval stage. Using combined suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） and dot blot approaches, we analyzed the induced defense genes that took place during the first 72 h of infesting intact rice （Oryza sativa L.） plants in sheath tissues with SSB larvae. By sequencing the whole SSH library, 39 expressed sequence tags involved in disease stress, insect stress or other stress responses were identified to be up-regulated by SSB larvae feeding. Among these genes, rice allene oxide cyclase （AOC）, terpene synthase （TPS） and four proteinase inhibitor （PI） genes were up-regulated by SSB larvae feeding. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that four rice PI genes were already up-regulated at 6 h, and reached peaks between 6 h to 12 h. In addition, the transcription ofgene involving in jasmonate signaling pathway such as allene oxide cyclase （AOC） concerning rice early defense response to SSB feeding was activated after rice feeding by SSB for 2 h. Although the expression office terpene synthase （TPS） gene, involved in the biosynthesis ofmonoterpenes or diterpenes, was already up-regulated at 7 h, a significant increase in the expression was delayed until 12 h and reached its peak at 24 h. The present study identified six SSB-response genes and their expression patterns, which provides evidence and information to understand insect stress-response in plants.展开更多
The Earth's crust,the outer shell of the Earth,consists of continental crust and oceanic crust.Oceanic crust is created at the mid-oceanic ridge,where it is magnetized in the ambient field of the Earth.As new mate...The Earth's crust,the outer shell of the Earth,consists of continental crust and oceanic crust.Oceanic crust is created at the mid-oceanic ridge,where it is magnetized in the ambient field of the Earth.As new material is extruded,the crust spreads outward,retaining its magnetization.The reversal of the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field over geologic time leads to a pattern of striped magnetic anomalies.In this study,we carry out a preliminary evaluation on how data from the Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1),which has a low orbital inclination,influences inversion models of the oceanic crustal magnetic field when combined with data from the Swarm mission.For our modeling we use an equivalent source method based on a cubed-sphere grid.Our model captures the broad magnetic structure over the North Atlantic Ocean and demonstrates that the trend of magnetic stripes is consistent with the age frame of the oceanic crust.The amplitude of the radial magnetic field at 450 km the North Atlantic Ocean ranges from–11 nT to+8 nT.The addition of MSS-1 observations to Swarm data generates results consistent with the overall magnetic stripe pattern.The lack of short-wavelength scale structure reveals the limitation of high-altitude satellites in portraying fine features and hence lower-altitude observations would be required to delineate a more detailed crustal signature.It is expected to obtain a finer structure of oceanic magnetic stripes by combining low-altitude CHAMP field data and east-west gradient data derived from MSS-1 in future work.展开更多
To realize effective co-phasing adjustment in large-aperture sparse-aperture telescopes,a multichannel stripe tracking approach is employed,allowing simultaneous interferometric measurements of multiple optical paths ...To realize effective co-phasing adjustment in large-aperture sparse-aperture telescopes,a multichannel stripe tracking approach is employed,allowing simultaneous interferometric measurements of multiple optical paths and circumventing the need for pairwise measurements along the mirror boundaries in traditional interferometric methods.This approach enhances detection efficiency and reduces system complexity.Here,the principles of the multibeam interference process and construction of a co-phasing detection module based on direct optical fiber connections were analyzed using wavefront optics theory.Error analysis was conducted on the system surface obtained through multipath interference.Potential applications of the interferometric method were explored.Finally,the principle was verified by experiment,an interferometric fringe contrast better than 0.4 is achieved through flat field calibration and incoherent digital synthesis.The dynamic range of the measurement exceeds 10 times of the center wavelength of the working band(1550 nm).Moreover,a resolution better than one-tenth of the working center wavelength(1550 nm)was achieved.Simultaneous three-beam interference can be achieved,leading to a 50%improvement in detection efficiency.This method can effectively enhance the efficiency of sparse aperture telescope co-phasing,meeting the requirements for observations of 8-10 m telescopes.This study provides a technological foundation for observing distant and faint celestial objects.展开更多
Revealing the structural/electronic features and interfacial interactions of monolayer MoS2 and WS2 on metals is essential to evaluating the performance of related devices.In this study,we focused on the atomic-scale ...Revealing the structural/electronic features and interfacial interactions of monolayer MoS2 and WS2 on metals is essential to evaluating the performance of related devices.In this study,we focused on the atomic-scale features of monolayer WS2 on Au（001） synthesized via chemical vapor deposition.Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy reveal that the WS2/Au（001） system exhibits a striped superstructure similar to that of MoS2/Au（001） but weaker interfacial interactions,as evidenced by experimental and theoretical investigations.Specifically,the WS2/Au（001） band gap exhibits a relatively intrinsic value of ～ 2.0 eV.However,the band gap can gradually decrease to ～ 1.5 eV when the sample annealing temperature increases from ～370 to 720 ℃.In addition,the doping level （or Fermi energy） of monolayer WS2/Au（001） varies little over the valley and ridge regions of the striped patterns because of the homogenous distributions of point defects introduced by annealing.Briefly,this work provides an in-depth investigation into the interfacial interactions and electronic properties of monolayer MX2 on metal substrates.展开更多
Predation risk is one of the most important selective forces in nature and has significant effects on the behavior and physiology of prey individuals.Prey species have evolved several different traits to reduce and av...Predation risk is one of the most important selective forces in nature and has significant effects on the behavior and physiology of prey individuals.Prey species have evolved several different traits to reduce and avoid this predation pressure.This research aimed to determine the behavioral and physiological responses of striped field mice to predator risk.In the present study,we compared the agonistic behavior in male and female striped field mice(Apodemus agrarius Pallas,1771)of the same sexes under the odor derived from a male Himalayan weasel(Mustela sibirica).Dyads were subjected to 5 min staged encounters in neutral arenas once a week for 3 weeks during which agonistic and social behaviors were recorded and fecal hormone concentrations were determined using pre-column derivatization and high performance liquid chromatography methods.Furthermore,we also tested the effects of weasel odor on the adrenal glands.The results showed that:(i)male striped field mice did not exhibit any change in body weight and physiological characteristics but their aggressive behavior changed over time,and(ii)females responded to predation risk by significantly decreasing body mass and through increases in fecal cortisol levels and adrenal gland indices.These data show significant sex differences in the body weight,adrenal gland indices and fecal cortisol levels of striped field mouse under predation risk.展开更多
FeSe is an Fe-based paramagnetic superconductor with the simplest structure.The competition between the Néel and stripe magnetic orders is believed to be one of the reasons for the absence of magnetic orders in F...FeSe is an Fe-based paramagnetic superconductor with the simplest structure.The competition between the Néel and stripe magnetic orders is believed to be one of the reasons for the absence of magnetic orders in FeSe.FeSe is recognized as a prototypical platform for competing magnetic interactions,including Néel,stripe,and staggered antiferromagnetic coupling.However,the correlations between these magnetic orders and how they change with varying environmental conditions require further study.Here,we calculated the magnetic order of monolayer FeSe in three diferent environments:pure one,with slight lattice distortion,and on SrTiO_(3) substrate,by frst principles calculations.We fnd that in the calculated dispersion relation E(q)between the spin spiral energy E and spin spiral vector q of the monolayer FeSe structure,the stripe magnetic order M(π/2,π/2)has the lowest energy,and there is a fat E(q)between the wave vector X(π/2,0)and Néel magnetic order 2X(π,0),which are the degenerate E(q)states.The ground state of M and the highest density of states around 2X may be the reason for the competition of two magnetic orders.The slight lattice distortion does not alter the magnetic properties of monolayer FeSe.When monolayer FeSe is attached to the SrTiO_(3)substrate,the degenerate E(q)is still retained;meanwhile,the energy of the 2X(π,0)state is closer to the M state,which may be one of the reasons for the increase of superconducting temperature in FeSe/SrTiO_(3).展开更多
The color and pattern of watermelon rind are crucial external traits that directly affect consumer preferences.Watermelons with stripes having a stronger color than the background rind are ideal for studying stripe pa...The color and pattern of watermelon rind are crucial external traits that directly affect consumer preferences.Watermelons with stripes having a stronger color than the background rind are ideal for studying stripe patterns in plants,while there is still limited knowledge about the genetic mechanisms underlying stripe coloration due to the lack of germplasm resources.In this study,we focused on a watermelon germplasm with colorless stripes,and genetic analysis revealed that the trait is controlled by a single recessive gene.The gene Clsc(Citrullus lanatus stripe coloration),which is responsible for the colorless stripe,was localized into a 147.6 kb region on Chr9 by linkage analysis in a large F2 mapping population.Further analysis revealed that the Cla97C09G175170 gene encodes the APRR2 transcription factor,plays a crucial role in determining the watermelon colorless stripe phenotype and was deduced to be related to chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development.Physiological experiments indicated that Cla97C09G175170 may significantly influence chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis in watermelon.The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of stripe coloration in watermelon and can be useful in the development of marker-assisted selection(MAS)for new watermelon cultivars.展开更多
文摘Immature embryos of rice varieties "Xiushui11" and "Chunjiang 11" precultured for 4d were infected and transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101/pExT7 (containing the spider insecticidal gene). The resistant cant were transferred onto the differentiation medium and plants were regenerated. The transformation frequency reached 56%-72% measured as numbers of Geneticin (G418)-resistant calli produced and 36%-60% measured as numbers of transgenic plants regenerated, respectively. PCR and Southern blot analysis of transgenic plants confirmed that the T-DNA had been integrated into the rice genome. Insect bioassays using T1 transgenic plants indicated that the mortality of the leaffolder (Cnaphalocrasis medinalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 38%-61% and the corrected mortality of the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 16%-75%. The insect bioassay results demonstrated that the transgenic plants expressing the spider insecticidal protein conferred enhanced resistance to these pests.
基金Foundation items： This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31270458, 31070367） and partly sup- ported by the grant from Zhejiang Province （pd2013374）
文摘Food restriction （FR） and refeeding （Re） have been suggested to impair body mass regulation and thereby making it easier to regain the lost weight and develop over-weight when FR ends. However, it is unclear if this is the case in small mammals showing seasonal forging behaviors. In the present study, energy budget, body fat and serum leptin level were measured in striped hamsters that were exposed to FR-Re. The effects of leptin on food intake, body fat and genes expressions of several hypothalamus neuropeptides were determined. Body mass, fat content and serum leptin level decreased during FR and then increased during Re. Leptin supplement significantly attenuated the increase in food intake during Re, decreased genes expressions of neuropepetide Y （NPY） and agouti-related protein （AgRP） of hypothalamus and leptin of white adipose tissue （WAT）. Hormone-sensitive lipase （HSL） gene expression of WAT increased in leptin-treated hamsters that were fed ad libitum, but decreased in FR-Re hamsters. This indicates that the adaptive regulation of WAT HSL gene expression may be involved in the mobilization of fat storage during Re, which partly contributes to the resistance to FR-Re-induced overweight. Leptin may be involved in the down regulations of hypothalamus orexigenic peptides gene expression and consequently plays a crucial role in controlling food intake when FR ends.
基金supported by grants from the Jilin Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project in China(CXGC2021TD014)the National Major Project of Breeding for Genetically Modified Organisms in China(2016ZX08001001-001-007)。
文摘Rice production and quality are seriously affected by the lepidopteran pest,striped stem borer(SSB),in Northeast China.In this study,a synthetic cry1 C gene encoding Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)δ-endotoxin,which is toxic to lepidopteran pest,was transformed into a japonica rice variety(Jigeng 88)in Northeast China by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.Through molecular detection and the Basta resistance germination assay,a total of 16 single-copy homozygous transgenic lines were obtained from 126 independent transformants expressing cry1 C.Finally,four cry1 C-transgenic lines(JL16,JL23,JL41,and JL42)were selected by evaluation of the Cry1 C protein level,insect-resistance and agronomic traits.The cry1 C-transgenic lines had higher resistance to SSB and higher yield compared with non-transgenic(NT)control plants.T-DNA flanking sequence analysis of the transgenic line JL42 showed that the cry1 C gene was inserted into the intergenic region of chromosome 11,indicating that its insertion may not interfere with the genes near insertion site.In summary,this study developed four cry1 C-transgenic japonica rice lines with high insect resistance and high yield.They can be used as insect-resistant germplasm materials to overcome the problem of rice yield reduction caused by SSB and reduce the use of pesticides in Northeast China.
基金supported by the grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2011AA10A101)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(Grant No.Y12C13003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31201193)
文摘A new white striped leaf mutant wsll was discovered from Nipponbare mutated by ethyl methanesulfonate. The mutant showed white striped leaves at the seedling stage and the leaves gradually turned green after the tillering stage. The chlorophyll content of wsll was significantly lower than that of wild-type during the fourth leaf stage, tillering stage and booting stage. The numbers of chloroplast, grana and grana lamella were reduced and the thylakoids were degenerated in wsll compared with wild type. Genetic analysis showed that the wsll was controlled by a single recessive gene. Molecular mapping of the wsll was performed using an F2 population derived from wsll/Nanjing 11. The wsll was finally mapped on the telomere region of chromosome 9 and positioned between simple sequence repeat markers RM23742 and RM23759 which are separated by approximately 486.5 kb. The results may facilitate map-based cloning of wsll and understanding of the molecular mechanism of the regulation of leaf-color by WSL1 in rice.
基金the“Arabian Leopard Project”using funds obtained from a designated Kickstarter crowd funding:https://www.kickstar ter.com/projects/1694685126/save-the-arabianleopard.
文摘Understanding the drivers promoting sociality over solitariness in animal species is imperative for predicting future population trends and informing conservation and management.In this study we investigate the social structure of a desert dwelling population of striped hyena Hyaena hyaena.This species is historically regarded as strictly solitary albeit being the least studied of the extant Hyaenids.Accumulating evidence regarding the frequency of social interactions sug-gests a revision of striped hyena social structure is required.We hypothesized that striped hyena has a social structure that is more complex than expected for a strictly solitary species.For that end,we deployed an array of camera-traps in a remote desert region in Israel,and compared observed frequencies of striped hyena co-occurrence against null models to test whether hyena co-occurred more than expected by chance.Seven adults were(re)captured by our camera-traps in 49 different instances over 83 tracking days.Of these,6 exhibited shared space-use around a scarce,isolated perennial water source.Five of them,co-occurred with other hyena(in 3 instan-ces)significantly more frequent than expected by chance(and that timing suggests reproduction is unlikely to be the driving factor).Our findings substantiate evidence of complex social structure in striped hyena,highlight the importance of a scarce resource in space use and sociality,and provide a baseline for future research of striped hyena social structure.We suggest that similar methods be employed to evaluate social structure in other"solitary species"to better under-stand their social dynamics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12074343,11835011,12074342)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LZ22A050002,LY21A040004,LR22A040001)。
文摘We consider an effective two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with some spin–orbit coupling(SOC) and a rotation term in an external harmonic potential. We find the striped state,and analyze the effects of SOC, the external potential, and the rotation frequency/direction on the profile and the stability of the striped state. Without the rotation term, the two spinor components exhibit striped pattern, and the numbers of stripes in the two components are always an odd–even or an even–odd. With the increase of the SOC strength, the number of stripes in both components increases, while the difference of the striped numbers is always one. After adding the rotation term, the profiles of the spinor components change qualitatively, and the change regulation of the striped numbers differs, while the difference of the striped numbers is still one. In addition, we find that the rotation direction only makes the striped state of the two spinor components exchange each other, though the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation directions are inequivalent with the presence of SOC. Such regulation is different from the previous study. And the rotation frequency gives rise to the transition from the striped state to a mixture of the striped state and vortex state. Furthermore, we prove the stability of these states by the evolution and linear stability analysis.
文摘Reproductive biology of L. mormyrus was studied using monthly samples totaling 224 fish obtained from AI-Haneah fishing site, eastern Libya Mediterranean Sea. Lengths of the examined fish ranged between 11.5 cm and 23.4 cm. Corresponding weights were 24.5 g and 160.8 g. The minimum values of the condition factors, KF and Kc, were 1.38 and 1.21 at the average fish length of 12.4 cm. These values increased with increases in length until they reached maximum values of 1.59 and 1.41 at the length of 22.1 cm. The high values of KF and Kc, Gonado-Somatic Index and oocyte diameter maintained during May, June, July, and August and the monthly changes in gonadal condition, indicated that summer was the breeding season of L. mormyrus. The oocyte diameter ranged between 379± 25.3 μ and 1,511 ± 143.3μ （n = 76） with an average of 895 ± 111.3 μ. The sex ratio was in favor of females during all months of the study. The overall sex ratio was 1 ： 1.52. Length at first maturity, Ls0, for L. mormyrus was found to be 14.15 cm for males and 14.45 for females. Overall average of absolute fecundity was 4,342±557 egg per fish （n = 45）. The overall average of relative fecundity was 234± 181 egg per cm. Absolute fecundity increased with increasing fish length.
文摘In this paper, the generation of striped trajectories in phase space by noise-injection is considered. With suitable amplitudes of noise, the steady-state system orbits appear in rectangular striped shape. The relationship between the shape （including the range and the number of stripes） and some parameters is discussed. The result shows that noise can also generate the striped shape effectively and simply, which is similar to the newly-discovered striped pattern generated by controlled Rossler systems.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31670417,31870388).
文摘The thermoneutral zone(TNZ)reflects the adaptation of mammals to their natural habitat.However,it remains unclear how TNZ shifts in response to variations in ambient temperature.To test the hypothesis that ambient temperature plays a key role in determining TNZ variations between seasons,we measured metabolic rate,body temperature,and cytochrome c oxidase(COX)activity of several visceral organs in striped hamsters(Cricetulus barabensis)either acclimated to semi-natural conditions over a year,or subjected to a gradual decrease in mean temperature from 30±1°C to-15±1°C.The TNZ range in striped hamsters differed seasonally,with a wider TNZ and a lower lower-critical temperature in winter compared to summer.The hamsters showed a consider-able leftward shift of lower-critical temperature from 30°C to 20°C after the ambient temperature of acclimation from 30°C down to-15°C,whereas the upper-critical temperature of TNZ remainedfixed at 32.5°C.The rest-ing metabolic rate in thermoneutral zone(RMRt),nonshivering thermogenesis(NST),and COX activity of brown adipose tissue,liver,skeletal muscle,brain,and kidneys,increased significantly in hamsters acclimated at lower ambient temperatures.Following acute exposure to 5°C and-15°C,hamsters acclimated to 32.5°C had signifi-cantly lower maximal NST and lower serum thyroid tri-iodothyronine(T3)levels compared to those kept at 23°C.Thesefindings suggest that acclimation to the upper-critical temperature of TNZ impairs the hamsters’thermo-genic capacity to cope with extreme cold temperature.Reduced ambient temperature was mainly responsible for the leftward shift of TNZ in striped hamsters,which reflects the adaptation to cold environments.
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China[GRANT 32090023].
文摘Parasite-mediated selection is widely believed to play a crucial role in maintaining the diversity of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)genes,which is thought to be maintained through heterozygote advantage,rare-allele advantage,and fluctuating selection.However,the relationship between parasite pressure and MHC diversity has yielded inconsistent findings.These inconsistencies may arise from the influence of environmental factors and individual variations in traits on host–parasite interactions.To address these issues,our study extensively investigated populations of striped hamsters inhabiting regions characterized by environmental heterogeneity.The primary objective was to examine the universality of parasite-mediated selection mechanisms.Our observations revealed the presence of multiple parasite infections,accompanied by spatial and temporal variations in parasite communities and infection patterns among individual hamsters.Specifically,the temperature was found to influence all four parasite indices,while the presence of gamasid mites and parasite richness decreased with increasing precipitation.We also noted significant seasonal variation in parasite dynamics.Moreover,a significant sexual dimorphism was observed with males exhibiting a considerably higher parasite burden compared to their female counterparts.Lastly,we identified the maintenance of MHC polymorphism in striped hamsters as being driven by the heterozygote advantage and fluctuating selection mechanisms.This study underscores the significance of ecological processes in comprehending host–parasite systems and highlights the necessity of considering environmental factors and individual traits when elucidating the mechanisms underlying MHC diversity mediated by parasites.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China to QSC(31470473 and 32260261)a Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Scientists Fellowship to FG.
文摘The diversity of rodents in Asian deserts is high.Nevertheless,little is known about their use of daily torpor and hibernation,which are employed by many small mammals worldwide for energy and water conservation to permit survival under adverse environmental conditions.We quantified for the first time,using temperature transponders and data loggers,long-term torpor expression and patterns in sympatric desert hamsters Phodopus roborovskii,striped hamsters Cricetulus barabensis and 3-toed jerboas Dipus sagitta under controlled conditions.Animals were live-trapped in Inner Mongolia in August and held in captivity under short photoperiods and low ambient temperatures(T,s)for about 6 months.Both hamster species(~half of individuals)expressed spontaneous(food available)daily torpor.Daily torpor in desert hamsters was less frequent and shallower than that in striped hamsters,which also had longer torpor bouts during torpor at T 15.8±0.4℃.Only one individual jerboa entered hibernation spontaneously at T,6.2±0.5℃,but all hibernated after food deprivation.The 2 hamster species only slightly changed their body mass during the acclimation,whereas jerboas greatly increased their body mass by 27.9%during the first 2 months of acclimation probably as a preparation for the hibernating season.Our data show that short photoperiod and moderately low T,induces spontaneous daily torpor in the 2 hamster species,suggesting that it is used regularly in the wild.Hibernation in Jerboas occurred at T,6.2±0.5°C especially when food was withheld suggesting limited food availability is the proximate trigger of their hibernation.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(31270417,31300304,31670385,31570377)the Provincial Key Construction Project the“twelfth five-year”plan for Qufu Normal University.
文摘Kisspeptins and G protein coupled receptor(GPR54)play significant roles in regulating reproductive activity among seasonally reproductive animals;however,the mechanisms of KiSS-1 and GPR54 gene affecting the seasonal reproduction in striped hamster are still unknown.In this study,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to examine the expression profiles of KiSS-1 and GPR54 in the hypothalamus,ovaries,testes,uterus and epididymis of striped hamsters across 4 different seasons.Our results showed that,across different seasons,the KiSS-1 expression mode of male striped hamsters and the GPR54 expression mode of female striped hamsters were consistent with the seasonal photoperiod in the hypothalamus.Meanwhile,across different seasons,the expression profile of KiSS-1 in the testes and the GPR54 expression profile of male striped hamsters in the hypothalamus were consistent with the intensity of their seasonal reproductive activity.Among different tissues,the expression trend for GPR54 is consistent across 4 seasons,while that for KiSS-1 is tissue-dependent.The expression trend for GPR54 across 4 seasons is the same regardless of gender,while that for KiSS-1 is dramatically different and sex-dependent across different seasons.These results suggest that the expressions of KiSS-1 and GPR54 in the striped hamsters were regulated by complicated mechanisms,and the regulatory mechanisms in the striped hamsters are seasonal-dependent and sex-dependent.This research will provide a theoretical basis for studying how KiSS-1 and GPR54 affect seasonal reproduction and the mechanisms behind their influence.
基金This work was funded by grants(no.31670417 and 31070367)from the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinaa grant(pd2013374)from the Department of Education of Zhejiang Province.
文摘The life history of many animals includes periods of food shortage.Two behavioral strategies are involved in small mammals in response to food shortage:an increase in activity behavior,representing the increased foraging or migratory behavior,and a decrease in activity level,serving as a mechanism for conserving energy.However,it is uncertain whether animals adopt both strategies in response to food shortage,and whether hormone and neuroendocrine mechanisms are involved in both strategies.In the present study,changes in behavior and metabolic rate were examined in food-deprived striped hamsters(Cricetulus barabensis).The effects of leptin supplement on activity behavior,metabolic rate and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression were also examined.The behavior of food-deprived hamsters significantly changed with photoperiod phases:with increasing activity during the dark phase compared to those fed ad libitum,whereas decreasing activity and simultaneously increasing resting behavior during the light phase.Resting metabolic rate,body mass,and masses of fat depots and digestive tracts significantly decreased in food-deprived hamsters compared with ad libitum controls.Leptin supplement tended to attenuate the increased activity in the dark phase.Gene expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y(NPY)was significantly upregulated in food-deprived hamsters,while was significantly attenuated by exogenous leptin.These findings suggest that both behavior strategies are important behavioral adjustments in free-living animals to cope with food shortage.Leptin and hypothalamic NPY gene expression may be involved in the adjustments of physiology and behavior in animals demonstrating a hyperactivity strategy in response to food shortage.
基金Acknowledgments We greatly appreciate the grant support from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30871640, No. 30330410）, China national ＂973＂ Basic Research Program （No. 2007CB 109202）, and Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests （SKL2007SR01）.
文摘The objective of this study was to identify rice genes that are in response to the striped stem borer （SSB） （Chilo suppressalis Walker） feeding at the first to second larval stage. Using combined suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） and dot blot approaches, we analyzed the induced defense genes that took place during the first 72 h of infesting intact rice （Oryza sativa L.） plants in sheath tissues with SSB larvae. By sequencing the whole SSH library, 39 expressed sequence tags involved in disease stress, insect stress or other stress responses were identified to be up-regulated by SSB larvae feeding. Among these genes, rice allene oxide cyclase （AOC）, terpene synthase （TPS） and four proteinase inhibitor （PI） genes were up-regulated by SSB larvae feeding. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that four rice PI genes were already up-regulated at 6 h, and reached peaks between 6 h to 12 h. In addition, the transcription ofgene involving in jasmonate signaling pathway such as allene oxide cyclase （AOC） concerning rice early defense response to SSB feeding was activated after rice feeding by SSB for 2 h. Although the expression office terpene synthase （TPS） gene, involved in the biosynthesis ofmonoterpenes or diterpenes, was already up-regulated at 7 h, a significant increase in the expression was delayed until 12 h and reached its peak at 24 h. The present study identified six SSB-response genes and their expression patterns, which provides evidence and information to understand insect stress-response in plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42250101,42250102,42250103)the Macao Foundation,and the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(File No.0002/2019/APD)。
文摘The Earth's crust,the outer shell of the Earth,consists of continental crust and oceanic crust.Oceanic crust is created at the mid-oceanic ridge,where it is magnetized in the ambient field of the Earth.As new material is extruded,the crust spreads outward,retaining its magnetization.The reversal of the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field over geologic time leads to a pattern of striped magnetic anomalies.In this study,we carry out a preliminary evaluation on how data from the Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1),which has a low orbital inclination,influences inversion models of the oceanic crustal magnetic field when combined with data from the Swarm mission.For our modeling we use an equivalent source method based on a cubed-sphere grid.Our model captures the broad magnetic structure over the North Atlantic Ocean and demonstrates that the trend of magnetic stripes is consistent with the age frame of the oceanic crust.The amplitude of the radial magnetic field at 450 km the North Atlantic Ocean ranges from–11 nT to+8 nT.The addition of MSS-1 observations to Swarm data generates results consistent with the overall magnetic stripe pattern.The lack of short-wavelength scale structure reveals the limitation of high-altitude satellites in portraying fine features and hence lower-altitude observations would be required to delineate a more detailed crustal signature.It is expected to obtain a finer structure of oceanic magnetic stripes by combining low-altitude CHAMP field data and east-west gradient data derived from MSS-1 in future work.
文摘To realize effective co-phasing adjustment in large-aperture sparse-aperture telescopes,a multichannel stripe tracking approach is employed,allowing simultaneous interferometric measurements of multiple optical paths and circumventing the need for pairwise measurements along the mirror boundaries in traditional interferometric methods.This approach enhances detection efficiency and reduces system complexity.Here,the principles of the multibeam interference process and construction of a co-phasing detection module based on direct optical fiber connections were analyzed using wavefront optics theory.Error analysis was conducted on the system surface obtained through multipath interference.Potential applications of the interferometric method were explored.Finally,the principle was verified by experiment,an interferometric fringe contrast better than 0.4 is achieved through flat field calibration and incoherent digital synthesis.The dynamic range of the measurement exceeds 10 times of the center wavelength of the working band(1550 nm).Moreover,a resolution better than one-tenth of the working center wavelength(1550 nm)was achieved.Simultaneous three-beam interference can be achieved,leading to a 50%improvement in detection efficiency.This method can effectively enhance the efficiency of sparse aperture telescope co-phasing,meeting the requirements for observations of 8-10 m telescopes.This study provides a technological foundation for observing distant and faint celestial objects.
基金We acknowledge financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51472008 and 51290272）, the National Key Research and Development Program of China （No. 2016YFA0200103）,the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project （No. Z151100003315013）, the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low- Dimensional Quantum Physics （No. KF201601） and the ENN Energy Research Institute.
文摘Revealing the structural/electronic features and interfacial interactions of monolayer MoS2 and WS2 on metals is essential to evaluating the performance of related devices.In this study,we focused on the atomic-scale features of monolayer WS2 on Au（001） synthesized via chemical vapor deposition.Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy reveal that the WS2/Au（001） system exhibits a striped superstructure similar to that of MoS2/Au（001） but weaker interfacial interactions,as evidenced by experimental and theoretical investigations.Specifically,the WS2/Au（001） band gap exhibits a relatively intrinsic value of ～ 2.0 eV.However,the band gap can gradually decrease to ～ 1.5 eV when the sample annealing temperature increases from ～370 to 720 ℃.In addition,the doping level （or Fermi energy） of monolayer WS2/Au（001） varies little over the valley and ridge regions of the striped patterns because of the homogenous distributions of point defects introduced by annealing.Briefly,this work provides an in-depth investigation into the interfacial interactions and electronic properties of monolayer MX2 on metal substrates.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2007CB109106).
文摘Predation risk is one of the most important selective forces in nature and has significant effects on the behavior and physiology of prey individuals.Prey species have evolved several different traits to reduce and avoid this predation pressure.This research aimed to determine the behavioral and physiological responses of striped field mice to predator risk.In the present study,we compared the agonistic behavior in male and female striped field mice(Apodemus agrarius Pallas,1771)of the same sexes under the odor derived from a male Himalayan weasel(Mustela sibirica).Dyads were subjected to 5 min staged encounters in neutral arenas once a week for 3 weeks during which agonistic and social behaviors were recorded and fecal hormone concentrations were determined using pre-column derivatization and high performance liquid chromatography methods.Furthermore,we also tested the effects of weasel odor on the adrenal glands.The results showed that:(i)male striped field mice did not exhibit any change in body weight and physiological characteristics but their aggressive behavior changed over time,and(ii)females responded to predation risk by significantly decreasing body mass and through increases in fecal cortisol levels and adrenal gland indices.These data show significant sex differences in the body weight,adrenal gland indices and fecal cortisol levels of striped field mouse under predation risk.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11204131 and 11974181)。
文摘FeSe is an Fe-based paramagnetic superconductor with the simplest structure.The competition between the Néel and stripe magnetic orders is believed to be one of the reasons for the absence of magnetic orders in FeSe.FeSe is recognized as a prototypical platform for competing magnetic interactions,including Néel,stripe,and staggered antiferromagnetic coupling.However,the correlations between these magnetic orders and how they change with varying environmental conditions require further study.Here,we calculated the magnetic order of monolayer FeSe in three diferent environments:pure one,with slight lattice distortion,and on SrTiO_(3) substrate,by frst principles calculations.We fnd that in the calculated dispersion relation E(q)between the spin spiral energy E and spin spiral vector q of the monolayer FeSe structure,the stripe magnetic order M(π/2,π/2)has the lowest energy,and there is a fat E(q)between the wave vector X(π/2,0)and Néel magnetic order 2X(π,0),which are the degenerate E(q)states.The ground state of M and the highest density of states around 2X may be the reason for the competition of two magnetic orders.The slight lattice distortion does not alter the magnetic properties of monolayer FeSe.When monolayer FeSe is attached to the SrTiO_(3)substrate,the degenerate E(q)is still retained;meanwhile,the energy of the 2X(π,0)state is closer to the M state,which may be one of the reasons for the increase of superconducting temperature in FeSe/SrTiO_(3).
基金supported by grants from theKey Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,China(222102110124)the Joint Fund of Science and Technology Research and Development Plan,Henan Province,China(222103810009)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172574,3217180560)the Funding of Joint Research on Agricultural Varieties Improvement of Henan Province,China(2022010503)the Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province,China(221100110400)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan,China(222300420050)the Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Program of Henan Province,China(23HASTIT034).
文摘The color and pattern of watermelon rind are crucial external traits that directly affect consumer preferences.Watermelons with stripes having a stronger color than the background rind are ideal for studying stripe patterns in plants,while there is still limited knowledge about the genetic mechanisms underlying stripe coloration due to the lack of germplasm resources.In this study,we focused on a watermelon germplasm with colorless stripes,and genetic analysis revealed that the trait is controlled by a single recessive gene.The gene Clsc(Citrullus lanatus stripe coloration),which is responsible for the colorless stripe,was localized into a 147.6 kb region on Chr9 by linkage analysis in a large F2 mapping population.Further analysis revealed that the Cla97C09G175170 gene encodes the APRR2 transcription factor,plays a crucial role in determining the watermelon colorless stripe phenotype and was deduced to be related to chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development.Physiological experiments indicated that Cla97C09G175170 may significantly influence chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis in watermelon.The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of stripe coloration in watermelon and can be useful in the development of marker-assisted selection(MAS)for new watermelon cultivars.
