The nucleus accumbens(NAc)plays an important role in various emotional and motivational behaviors that rely on heightened wakefulness.However,the neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between arousal and emoti...The nucleus accumbens(NAc)plays an important role in various emotional and motivational behaviors that rely on heightened wakefulness.However,the neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between arousal and emotion regulation in NAc remain unclear.Here,we investigated the roles of a specific subset of inhibitory corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the NAc(NAcCRH)in regulating arousal and emotional behaviors in mice.We found an increased activity of NAcCRH neurons during wakefulness and rewarding stimulation.Activation of NAcCRH neurons converts NREM or REM sleep to wakefulness,while inhibition of these neurons attenuates wakefulness.Remarkably,activation of NAcCRH neurons induces a place preference response(PPR)and decreased basal anxiety level,whereas their inactivation induces a place aversion response and anxious state.NAcCRH neurons are identified as the major NAc projection neurons to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BNST).Furthermore,activation of the NAcCRH-BNST pathway similarly induced wakefulness and positive emotional behaviors.Taken together,we identified a basal forebrain CRH pathway that promotes the arousal associated with positive affective states.展开更多
This study was performed to summarize our clinical experience with testicular descent and fixation through a scrotal stria incision for the treatment of palpable cryptorchidism in children.This study included 1034 chi...This study was performed to summarize our clinical experience with testicular descent and fixation through a scrotal stria incision for the treatment of palpable cryptorchidism in children.This study included 1034 children with palpable cryptorchidism from March 2009 to March 2019.A scrotal stria incision was used to perform testicular descent and fixation.Overall,1020 children successfully underwent surgical testicular descent and fixation through a scrotal stria incision,and 14 patients underwent conversion to inguinal incision surgery.All patients were discharged 1-2 days after the operation.During hospitalization and follow-up,55 patients developed complicationsy including 10 patients with testicular retraction,7 with poor healing of the incision,and 38 with a scrotal hematoma.No patients developed testicular atrophy,an in direct ingui nal hernia,or a hydrocoele.Testicular descent and fixation through a scrotal stria incision for the treatment of palpable cryptorchidism in children is safe and feasible in well-selected cases.This method has the advantages of no scarring and a good cosmetic effect.展开更多
The mean length of the stria vascularis (SV) and the basilar membrane of four normalguinea pigs measured by means of surface preparation was 21.11 mm and 19. 90 mm respectively,and the mean width of their apical turns...The mean length of the stria vascularis (SV) and the basilar membrane of four normalguinea pigs measured by means of surface preparation was 21.11 mm and 19. 90 mm respectively,and the mean width of their apical turns of SV and the turns of the cochlear basis was 0. 44 mmand 0. 86 mm respectively. The ultrastructure of SV, spiral ligament (SL) and spiral prominence(SP) of both ears of eight guinea pigs were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) andtransmission electron microsoopy(TEM). There were a large number of coated vesicles in thesupranuclear region of SV, some opened to the endolymph. A great number of folding cytoplasmicprojections were filled with small vesicles The capillary network was extremely rich indicating thatthe endolymph could be secreted and absorbed by SV. The cellular conjunction in the SV. SL andSP formed an effective barrier. It has not been proved in this study that the melanin offers resistanceto acoustic stimulation.展开更多
In this study,we investigated whether two brain regions,the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BNST)and the basolateral amygdala(BLA),affected male rats(Rattus norvigicus)ability to innately discriminate between a pr...In this study,we investigated whether two brain regions,the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BNST)and the basolateral amygdala(BLA),affected male rats(Rattus norvigicus)ability to innately discriminate between a predator odor(cat urine)and female rat urine.Muscimol,a GABAa receptor agonist,was bilaterally microinjected into either the BNST or BLA of rats through展开更多
The distribution and location of atrial natriuretic peptides(ANP) in the cochlear stria vaseularis of normal guinea pigswere studied to find out regional regulating factors of cochlearblood flow (CBF) and productive f...The distribution and location of atrial natriuretic peptides(ANP) in the cochlear stria vaseularis of normal guinea pigswere studied to find out regional regulating factors of cochlearblood flow (CBF) and productive foundation of cochlearendolymph by ABC immunocytochemistry and immunoele-ctronmicroscopy. The ANP-IR products were seen in the striavascularis of the 1-4 turns of the lateral wall of the cochlea,more markedly along its margin; and were negative in the spi-ral ligaments. Immunoelectronmicroscopically, a plenty ofsphericals of 250-350nm in diameter were noted in thecytoplasm of marginal and intermediate cells, but few in thebasal cells. The results suggest that the cochlear striavascularis had the function of secreting ANP in the guinea pig.展开更多
目的:探究棕榈酸(PA)对血管纹边缘细胞(MCs)损伤的机制。方法:从新生3 d FVB/NJ乳鼠颞骨解剖出耳蜗,游离出血管纹后用胶原酶Ⅱ消化并离心,得到原代血管纹边缘细胞。通过CCK-8法确定合适的PA浓度并设置对照组(0μmol·L^(-1)PA)与实...目的:探究棕榈酸(PA)对血管纹边缘细胞(MCs)损伤的机制。方法:从新生3 d FVB/NJ乳鼠颞骨解剖出耳蜗,游离出血管纹后用胶原酶Ⅱ消化并离心,得到原代血管纹边缘细胞。通过CCK-8法确定合适的PA浓度并设置对照组(0μmol·L^(-1)PA)与实验组(100~1000μmol·L^(-1)PA)。采用细胞流式术检测不同组边缘细胞凋亡情况,以及通过蛋白免疫印迹实验确定边缘细胞中自噬相关蛋白与炎症因子的表达情况。结果:随着PA浓度升高,边缘细胞细胞活力显著降低。与对照组相比,边缘细胞的凋亡比例随着PA浓度的升高而升高。同时,实验组自噬相关蛋白LC-3Ⅱ、SQSTM1/p62及炎症相关因子NF-κB、p-NF-κB蛋白表达显著高于对照组。结论:棕榈酸可导致边缘细胞中NF-κB通路激活及自噬功能障碍,二者可协同作用引起边缘细胞损伤。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82090033,82288101,U20A6005,32200801,and 32200967)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700851,2023T160117,and 2023M740708).
文摘The nucleus accumbens(NAc)plays an important role in various emotional and motivational behaviors that rely on heightened wakefulness.However,the neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between arousal and emotion regulation in NAc remain unclear.Here,we investigated the roles of a specific subset of inhibitory corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the NAc(NAcCRH)in regulating arousal and emotional behaviors in mice.We found an increased activity of NAcCRH neurons during wakefulness and rewarding stimulation.Activation of NAcCRH neurons converts NREM or REM sleep to wakefulness,while inhibition of these neurons attenuates wakefulness.Remarkably,activation of NAcCRH neurons induces a place preference response(PPR)and decreased basal anxiety level,whereas their inactivation induces a place aversion response and anxious state.NAcCRH neurons are identified as the major NAc projection neurons to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BNST).Furthermore,activation of the NAcCRH-BNST pathway similarly induced wakefulness and positive emotional behaviors.Taken together,we identified a basal forebrain CRH pathway that promotes the arousal associated with positive affective states.
文摘This study was performed to summarize our clinical experience with testicular descent and fixation through a scrotal stria incision for the treatment of palpable cryptorchidism in children.This study included 1034 children with palpable cryptorchidism from March 2009 to March 2019.A scrotal stria incision was used to perform testicular descent and fixation.Overall,1020 children successfully underwent surgical testicular descent and fixation through a scrotal stria incision,and 14 patients underwent conversion to inguinal incision surgery.All patients were discharged 1-2 days after the operation.During hospitalization and follow-up,55 patients developed complicationsy including 10 patients with testicular retraction,7 with poor healing of the incision,and 38 with a scrotal hematoma.No patients developed testicular atrophy,an in direct ingui nal hernia,or a hydrocoele.Testicular descent and fixation through a scrotal stria incision for the treatment of palpable cryptorchidism in children is safe and feasible in well-selected cases.This method has the advantages of no scarring and a good cosmetic effect.
文摘The mean length of the stria vascularis (SV) and the basilar membrane of four normalguinea pigs measured by means of surface preparation was 21.11 mm and 19. 90 mm respectively,and the mean width of their apical turns of SV and the turns of the cochlear basis was 0. 44 mmand 0. 86 mm respectively. The ultrastructure of SV, spiral ligament (SL) and spiral prominence(SP) of both ears of eight guinea pigs were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) andtransmission electron microsoopy(TEM). There were a large number of coated vesicles in thesupranuclear region of SV, some opened to the endolymph. A great number of folding cytoplasmicprojections were filled with small vesicles The capillary network was extremely rich indicating thatthe endolymph could be secreted and absorbed by SV. The cellular conjunction in the SV. SL andSP formed an effective barrier. It has not been proved in this study that the melanin offers resistanceto acoustic stimulation.
文摘In this study,we investigated whether two brain regions,the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BNST)and the basolateral amygdala(BLA),affected male rats(Rattus norvigicus)ability to innately discriminate between a predator odor(cat urine)and female rat urine.Muscimol,a GABAa receptor agonist,was bilaterally microinjected into either the BNST or BLA of rats through
文摘The distribution and location of atrial natriuretic peptides(ANP) in the cochlear stria vaseularis of normal guinea pigswere studied to find out regional regulating factors of cochlearblood flow (CBF) and productive foundation of cochlearendolymph by ABC immunocytochemistry and immunoele-ctronmicroscopy. The ANP-IR products were seen in the striavascularis of the 1-4 turns of the lateral wall of the cochlea,more markedly along its margin; and were negative in the spi-ral ligaments. Immunoelectronmicroscopically, a plenty ofsphericals of 250-350nm in diameter were noted in thecytoplasm of marginal and intermediate cells, but few in thebasal cells. The results suggest that the cochlear striavascularis had the function of secreting ANP in the guinea pig.
文摘目的:探究棕榈酸(PA)对血管纹边缘细胞(MCs)损伤的机制。方法:从新生3 d FVB/NJ乳鼠颞骨解剖出耳蜗,游离出血管纹后用胶原酶Ⅱ消化并离心,得到原代血管纹边缘细胞。通过CCK-8法确定合适的PA浓度并设置对照组(0μmol·L^(-1)PA)与实验组(100~1000μmol·L^(-1)PA)。采用细胞流式术检测不同组边缘细胞凋亡情况,以及通过蛋白免疫印迹实验确定边缘细胞中自噬相关蛋白与炎症因子的表达情况。结果:随着PA浓度升高,边缘细胞细胞活力显著降低。与对照组相比,边缘细胞的凋亡比例随着PA浓度的升高而升高。同时,实验组自噬相关蛋白LC-3Ⅱ、SQSTM1/p62及炎症相关因子NF-κB、p-NF-κB蛋白表达显著高于对照组。结论:棕榈酸可导致边缘细胞中NF-κB通路激活及自噬功能障碍,二者可协同作用引起边缘细胞损伤。
