Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et a...Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et al.,2022).This molecular event is believed to lead to activation of stress pathways ultimately resulting in cellular dysfunction(Eldeeb et al.,2022).Accordingly,many lines of research investigations focused on dampening the formation of protein aggregates or augmenting the clearance of protein aggregates as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the progression of neurodegenerative diseases,albeit with little success(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).Cell stress cues such as the accumulation of protein aggregates lead to the activation of stress response pathways that aid cells in responding to the damage.Despite the notion that the transient activation of these pathways helps cells cope with stressors,persistent activation can induce unwanted apoptosis of cells and reduce overall tissue strength as well as lead to an accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins(Hetz and Papa,2018).Mutations in proteins involved in stress signaling termination can cause conditions like ataxia and early-onset dementia(Conroy et al.,2014).Therefore,it is crucial for stress response signaling to be turned off once conditions have improved.Nevertheless,the mechanisms by which cells silence these signals are still elusive.展开更多
In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of roc...In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of rocks after stress relief introduces errors.To improve accuracy,this study proposes an in-situ stress solution theory that incorporates time-dependent stress relief effects.Triaxial stepwise loadingunloading rheological tests on granite and siltstone established quantitative relationships between instantaneous elastic recovery and viscoelastic recovery under different stress levels,confirming their impact on measurement accuracy.By integrating a dual-class elastic deformation recovery model,an improved in-situ stress solution theory was derived.Additionally,accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of rock masses,a determination method for time-dependent nonlinear mechanical parameters was proposed.Based on the CSIRO hollow inclusion strain cell,time-dependent strain correction equations and long-term confining pressure calibration equations were formulated.Finally,the proposed theory was successfully applied at one iron mine(736 m depth)in Xinjiang,China,and one coal mine(510 m depth)in Ningxia,China.Compared to classical theory,the calculated mean stress values showed accuracy improvements of 6.0%and 9.4%,respectively,validating the applicability and reliability of the proposed theory.展开更多
Background Environmental hypoxia is a common phenomenon in aquaculture,which causes gill tissue injury in fish.Glutathione(GSH)is a vital antioxidant in animal tissues,and its levels decrease under hypoxic conditions....Background Environmental hypoxia is a common phenomenon in aquaculture,which causes gill tissue injury in fish.Glutathione(GSH)is a vital antioxidant in animal tissues,and its levels decrease under hypoxic conditions.However,the effects of glutathione on fish under hypoxic stress remain poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the impact of glutathione on gill tissue damage in fish under hypoxic stress and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods Six experimental diets with varying glutathione concentrations.The actual glutathione levels in these diets,measured by high-performance liquid chromatography,were 0.00,145.95,291.90,437.85,583.80,and 729.75 mg/kg,respectively.Fish were fed these diets for 70 d,after which a 96-h hypoxic stress experiment was conducted.The experiment was set up with normoxic and hypoxic groups,in which the dissolved oxygen in the group was 6 mg/L,and that in the group was 1 mg/L.Results This research revealed that glutathione could enhance the growth performance and antioxidant capability of juvenile grass carp while mitigating the structural damage to gill tissues induced by hypoxia stress.Mechanistic investigations further indicated that glutathione mitigated hypoxia-induced oxidative injury in gill tissues and improved their antioxidant capacity.In addition,glutathione attenuated gill apoptosis induced by hypoxia stress.Glutathione also inhibited the initiation,nucleation,elongation,and degradation phases of autophagy,thereby attenuating hypoxia-induced gill autophagy.Moreover,glutathione was found to alleviate hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)in gills,a response potentially linked to the suppression of PERK,IRE1,and ATF6 signaling pathways.Finally,based on the ROS and PC contents in gill tissue,the optimum glutathione supplementation levels for juvenile grass carp under hypoxia stress were 437.10 and 495.00 mg/kg,respectively.Conclusions In conclusion,our experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of glutathione in alleviating gill tissue damage caused by hypoxic stress.This study confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of dietary glutathione addition to alleviate hypoxic stress in fish.展开更多
Global population pressures have necessitated increased focus on protecting and developing resilient plant species that can maintain productivity despite environmental challenges.Environmental degradation,driven by cl...Global population pressures have necessitated increased focus on protecting and developing resilient plant species that can maintain productivity despite environmental challenges.Environmental degradation,driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities,poses significant threats to global food security through various forms of physical stress.Major environmental constraints affecting agricultural yields worldwide include salinity,water scarcity,nutritional imbalances(encompassing mineral toxicity and deficiencies),and extreme temperatures.Crop yield is influenced by multiple abiotic factors,including agronomic conditions,climatic variables,and soil nutrient availability.Plants develop various survival mechanisms at molecular,cellular,and physiological levels in response to stress.Abiotic stress,whether occurring individually or in combination,significantly impacts crop growth and productivity.For instance,drought stress reduces leaf area,plant height,and overall crop development.Cold stress inhibits plant development and crop efficiency,leading to diminished productivity.Salinity stress not only induces water stress in plants but also negatively affects cytosolic metabolism,cell development,membrane function,and increases reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.Elevated CO_(2)concentrations may enhance global precipitation patterns,potentially resulting in increased rainfall that can adversely affect crop development.Plants under excessive water stress exhibit reduced amylose content but increased crude protein levels.This affects both quality and quantity of crop production by inhibiting seed germination and causing growth impairment through combined effects of elevated osmotic potential and ion toxicity.Plants have evolved various escape-avoidance and tolerance mechanisms in response to abiotic stress,including physiological adaptations and integrated cellular or molecular responses.This review paper examines the impact of abiotic stress on morpho-physiological,biochemical,and molecular activities across various crops.Additionally,it analyzes crop interactions with abiotic stress regarding response and adaptation mechanisms,providing a fundamental framework for species selection and development of stress-tolerant varieties in the future.展开更多
Background Hypoxia is a pervasive challenge in aquaculture that poses a significant threat to aquatic organisms.Since fish cannot synthesize vitamin A endogenously,it must be supplied through diet,and it plays a vital...Background Hypoxia is a pervasive challenge in aquaculture that poses a significant threat to aquatic organisms.Since fish cannot synthesize vitamin A endogenously,it must be supplied through diet,and it plays a vital role in supporting fish stress resistance.This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of VA on the gills of adult grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)against hypoxia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Methods Six experimental diets with graded VA levels(375,862,1,614,2,099,2,786,and 3,118 IU/kg)were fed to grass carp(initial weight:726±1.2 g)for 60 d.After the trial,24 fish per treatment were selected,divided equally into normoxic and hypoxic groups,fasted for 24 h,and then subjected to a 96-h acute hypoxic challenge.Results The results demonstrated that VA supplementation mitigated hypoxia-induced damage in gill tissue,as evidenced by histological examination.Furthermore,VA alleviated oxidative stress,as indicated by reduced levels of lactate(LD),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),reactive oxygen species(ROS),protein carbonyl(PC),and malondialdehyde(MDA).Further investigations indicated that VA alleviated mitochondrial stress,potentially through suppressing the canonical UPR^(mt) axis while activating both the UPR^(mt) sirtuin axis and the UPRIMS/Erα axis.VA also modulated mitochondrial mass via multiple mechanisms,including the promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis,maintenance of dynamics by stimulating fusion and reducing fission,and inhibition of mitophagy.The suppression of mitophagy likely involved downregulating both the Pink1/Parkin-dependent pathway and the Hif1a-Bnip3 pathway.Taken together,these adaptations suggested an essential role for VA in preserving mitochondrial homeostasis.Based on the quadratic regression analysis of ROS and MDA levels from the hypoxic group,the estimated VA requirements for adult grass carp were 2,013 and 2,056 IU/kg diet,respectively.Conclusions In summary,this study provided the first evidence that VA conferred protective effects against hypoxiainduced gill damage in grass carp.展开更多
Asymmetric deformation and failure of surrounding rock are frequently observed in mountain tunnels and deep mining roadways,yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.To investigate asymmetric failure in r...Asymmetric deformation and failure of surrounding rock are frequently observed in mountain tunnels and deep mining roadways,yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.To investigate asymmetric failure in roadways adjacent to fault structures and mining panels,this study adopts an integrated approach combining theoretical derivation,numerical simulation,and field application,with particular emphasis on the second invariant of the stress deviator(J_(2) )in the surrounding rock.Based on the stress solution for a circular opening,an analytical expression for J_(2)(distortion energy)is derived by considering the reorientation of principal stresses.The study demonstrates that both the increase and reorientation of principal stresses induced by fault–mining interaction jointly govern the spatial distribution of J_(2) and the resulting asymmetric failure behavior.Specifically,the principal stress rotation angle determines the location of J_(2) concentration,whereas the principal stress ratio controls its magnitude.To mitigate asymmetric failure,it is recommended to optimize the J_(2) state through adjustments in roadway size,geometry,and support systems,while simultaneously controlling the asymmetric concentration of stress deviator to enhance roadway stability.This study systematically elucidates the chain mechanism of asymmetric surrounding rock failure driven by principal stress,and further proposes a rational asymmetric joint control strategy,providing theoretical guidance for similar underground engineering conditions.展开更多
Excavation causes stress redistribution and affects the stress path during the shearing process of rock.The shear strength of rock varies under different stress paths,and the presence of defects reduces the shear stre...Excavation causes stress redistribution and affects the stress path during the shearing process of rock.The shear strength of rock varies under different stress paths,and the presence of defects reduces the shear strength.To further investigate this phenomenon,this study investigates the shear behaviour of rocks with different shear surface integrities under the influenceof different stress paths through laboratory tests and numerical simulations.The results indicate that the shear strength depends on the stress path and a decrease in the shear surface integrity reduces the degree of dependence.The cohesion and friction angle of the Mohr‒Coulomb criterion decrease with weakening of the shear surface integrity.For different stress paths,the direct shear strength is always greater than that of other shear stress paths.The pattern of changes in the acoustic emission count and cumulative count indirectly reflectsthe above findings.Numerical simulations further indicate that the different principal stress states and normal suppression effects during the shearing process lead to changes in the factors of crack propagation,resulting in different mechanical behaviours under various stress paths.For rocks with different integrity levels,the main reason for the different path dependences of shear strength is that the size of the area affected by shear is different.Shear failure will concentrate on the shear plane when the normal inhibition effect is greater.This study explores the mechanism of rock shear behaviour,providing a theoretical basis for establishing more accurate constitutive models and strength criteria.展开更多
Rice production is increasingly challenged by flooding stress because of global warming and rising sea levels.As the world’s most important staple crop,rice is highly vulnerable to anaerobic and submergence condition...Rice production is increasingly challenged by flooding stress because of global warming and rising sea levels.As the world’s most important staple crop,rice is highly vulnerable to anaerobic and submergence conditions that occur during flooding,particularly at the germination and vegetative stages.Anaerobic environments hinder seedling establishment during germination,while prolonged submergence during the vegetative stage impairs growth,ultimately reducing yield and grain quality.These stresses,driven by extended inundation,trigger a cascade of detrimental physiological responses and represent a major barrier to stable rice production and global food security.In this review,we examine the effects of flooding on rice growth at both the germination and vegetative stages.We further summarize recent advances in the identification of flooding-tolerant germplasm,QTL mapping,genome-wide association study,transcriptomic and proteomic analyses,and other molecular studies.Subsequently,we highlight potential cultivation and regulatory strategies,including genetic,morphological,physiological,and endogenous hormone-related approaches,aimed at enhancing tolerance to anaerobic and submergence stress.Together,these approaches underscore the promise of integrating molecular insights with agronomic practices to mitigate flooding damage and support sustainable rice production.展开更多
FeMnSi-based shape memory alloys(SMAs)have great applied potential to large-scale structures in civil engineering,especially as an aseismic structural material.Low-cycle fatigue performance is one of the most importan...FeMnSi-based shape memory alloys(SMAs)have great applied potential to large-scale structures in civil engineering,especially as an aseismic structural material.Low-cycle fatigue performance is one of the most important properties of FeMnSi-based SMA aseismic materials.However,the low-cycle fatigue behavior of such SMAs,especially the stress-controlled low-cycle fatigue behavior(with ratchetting effect),has not been clearly understood.In this work,the low-cycle fatigue behavior of the FeMnSiCrNi SMAs subjected to stress-controlled cyclic tension–compression loads is investigated,and the effects of temperature,loading frequency,stress amplitude,and stress ratio are addressed.By analyzing the cyclic stress–strain response,fatigue fracture surface morphology,dissipation energy,ratchetting strain,and equivalent damping ratio,the mechanisms behind the temperature-,loading frequency-,stress amplitude-,and stress ratio-dependent low-cycle fatigue behavior are discussed.The results show that the plasticity,martensitic transformation,and/or the ratchetting strain caused by their tension–compression asymmetry are the decisive factors affecting the low-cycle fatigue behavior of FeMnSiCrNi SMAs.展开更多
The unfolded protein response is a cellular pathway activated to maintain proteostasis and prevent cell death when the endoplasmic reticulum is overwhelmed by unfolded proteins.However,if the unfolded protein response...The unfolded protein response is a cellular pathway activated to maintain proteostasis and prevent cell death when the endoplasmic reticulum is overwhelmed by unfolded proteins.However,if the unfolded protein response fails to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis,it can trigger proinflammatory and pro-death signals,which are implicated in various malignancies and are currently being investigated for their role in retinal degenerative diseases.This paper reviews the role of the unfolded protein responsein addressing endoplasmic reticulumstress in retinal degenerative diseases.The accumulation of ubiquitylated misfolded proteins can lead to rapid destabilization of the proteome and cellular demise.Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress to alleviate retinal pathologies involves multiple strategies,including the use of chemical chaperones such as 4-phenylbutyric acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid,which enhance protein folding and reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress.Small molecule modulators that influence endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors,including those that increase the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress regulator X-box binding protein 1,are also potential therapeutic agents.Additionally,inhibitors of the RNAse activity of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1,a key endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor,represent another class of drugs that could prevent the formation of toxic aggregates.The activation of nuclear receptors,such as PPAR and FXR,may also help mitigate ER stress.Furthermore,enhancing proteolysis through the induction of autophagy or the inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes can assist in clearing misfolded proteins.Combination treatments that involve endoplasmicreticulum-stress-targeting drugs and gene therapies are also being explored.Despite these potential therapeutic strategies,significant challenges remain in targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress for the treatment of retinal degeneration,and further research is essential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying human retinal diseases and to develop effective,well-tolerated drugs.The use of existing drugs that target inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1 and X-box binding protein 1 has been associated with adverse side effects,which have hindered their clinical translation.Moreover,signaling pathways downstream of endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors can contribute to therapy resistance.Addressing these limitations is crucial for developing drugs that can be effectively used in treating retinal dystrophies.In conclusion,while the unfolded protein response is a promising therapeutic target in retinal degenerative diseases,additional research and development efforts are imperative to overcome the current limitations and improve patient outcomes.展开更多
Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-os...Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-osphb2 line exhibited wider leaves,dwarfism,and shorter panicles.Subcellular localization results indicated that OsPHB2 localizes to mitochondria.Under salt stress conditions,cr-osphb2 exhibited enhanced tolerance.Haplotype(Hap)analysis identified three major Haps(Hap1,Hap2,and Hap3)of OsPHB2,among which Hap2 was associated with a greater number of effective panicles and higher yield,indicating its potential value for breeding applications.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that OsPHB2 plays an important role in regulating growth,development,and salt stress responses in rice.展开更多
Background:Childhood leukemia,a malignant proliferative disorder of the hematopoietic system and the most common childhood cancer,poses a significant threat to the lives and health of affected children.For parents,a l...Background:Childhood leukemia,a malignant proliferative disorder of the hematopoietic system and the most common childhood cancer,poses a significant threat to the lives and health of affected children.For parents,a leukemia diagnosis in their child is a profoundly traumatic event.As primary caregivers,they endure immense psychological distress and caregiving stress throughout the prolonged and demanding treatment process,which can adversely affect their own well-being and caregiving capacity.However,the psychological mechanisms,such as the role of mindfulness,linking caregiver stress to parental coping strategies remain underexplored,and evidence-based interventions to support these parents are needed.Methods:In Study 1,we administered a cross-sectional survey to 242 parents of children with leukemia who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January and August 2024.Participants completed measures assessing caregiver burden,mindful attention awareness,and parental coping style.In Study 2,we further evaluated the effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction(MBSR)intervention.Results:The results of Study 1 revealed:(1)The caregiving stress significantly and negatively predicted coping style(β=−1.18,95%CI[−2.18,−0.18],p<0.01).(2)Caregiving stress also significantly and negatively predicted mindfulness(β=−1.90,95%CI[−2.43,−1.38],p<0.01).(3)Conversely,mindfulness significantly and positively predicted coping style(β=0.85,95%CI[0.62,1.07],p<0.01).These findings suggest that mindfulness mediates the relationship between caregiver burden and coping style.In Study 2,the experimental group showed a significant decrease in caregiver stress post-intervention(t=2.24,p<0.05),a significant increase in mindfulness(t=−4.61,p<0.001),and a significant improvement in coping style(t=−2.36,p<0.01).No significant changes were observed in the control group.Conclusion:MBSR can effectively enhance mindfulness and promote adaptive coping strategies,while reducing caregiver burden among parents of children with leukemia.展开更多
We investigated the influence of historical earthquakes on the 2022 Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquake and its subsequent effects.We computed the viscoelastic Coulomb stress changes induced by these historical seismic events ...We investigated the influence of historical earthquakes on the 2022 Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquake and its subsequent effects.We computed the viscoelastic Coulomb stress changes induced by these historical seismic events using the rupture model of historical earthquakes and the layered Maxwell viscoelastic medium model.Our findings indicate that the Luding earthquake was brought forward approximately 29 years because of several historical earthquakes.Specifically,the 1923 Renda M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 1933 Diexi M_(S)7.5 earthquake,the 1973 Luhuo M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 2008 Kangding M_(S)5.1 earthquake,the 2008 Wenchuan M_(S)8.0 earthquake,the 2014 Kangding M_(S)6.3 earthquake,and the 2014 Kangding M_(S)5.8 earthquake advanced the occurrence of the event by 117.61,26.67,84.51,0.27,0.91,7.64,and 3.17 years,respectively.Conversely,the 1936 Mabian earthquake swarm,the 1948 Litang M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 1955 Kangding M_(S)7.5 earthquake,and the 2013 Lushan M_(S)7.0 earthquake delayed its occurrence by 39.89,22.43,144.23,and 4.89 years,respectively.Furthermore,by employing the halfspace homogeneous elastic model and the rupture characteristics of the Luding earthquake,we computed the coseismic Coulomb stress changes in neighboring faults.Our results reveal increased Coulomb stress on the Xianshuihe fault(excluding its southern segment),the Anninghe fault,the Zemuhe fault,the Daliangshan fault,the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault,the northern segment of the Mabian-Yanjin fault,and the Xiaojinhe fault.Conversely,we observed stress decreases in the southern segment of the Jinshajiang fault,the central and eastern segments of the Longriba fault,the Mabian-Yanjin fault(excluding its northern segment),and the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault.展开更多
Elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2))may mitigate stress-induced damage to cotton(Gossypium spp.)growth and development.However,understanding the early-stage responses of cotton to multiple abiotic stressors at eCO_(2)levels has b...Elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2))may mitigate stress-induced damage to cotton(Gossypium spp.)growth and development.However,understanding the early-stage responses of cotton to multiple abiotic stressors at eCO_(2)levels has been limited.This study quantified the impacts of chilling(CS,22/14℃,day/night temperature),heat(HS,38/30℃),drought(DS,50%irrigation of the control),and salt(SS,8 d S m-1)stresses on pigments,physiology,growth,and development of 14 upland cotton cultivars under ambient CO_(2)(aCO_(2),420 ppm;current)and eCO_(2)(700 ppm;future)levels during the vegetative stage.The eCO_(2)partially negated the effects of all stresses by improving one or more of the pigments,physiological,growth,and development traits,except CS.For instance,HS at aCO_(2)significantly increased stomatal conductance by 36%compared with non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).However,HS at eCO_(2)significantly decreased stomatal conductance by 18%compared with HS at aCO_(2).The first squaring was delayed by one day under SS at aCO_(2)but two days earlier under SS at eCO_(2)than non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).Root and shoot dry mass and the total leaf area were significantly higher under all stresses,except for CS,at the eCO_(2)compared with similar stresses at the aCO_(2).Most growth and development traits,including plant height,leaf area,and shoot dry mass,displayed a mirroring response pattern between aCO_(2)and eCO_(2)under all environments except CS.Cultivars exhibited significant interaction with stressed environments.Further,results revealed differential sensitivity and adaptation potential of cultivars to stress environments at varying CO_(2)levels.This study highlights the need to consider eCO_(2)in designing breeding programs to develop stress-tolerant varieties for future cotton-growing environments.展开更多
Abstract:Microwave-based destressing is regarded as a promising approach for proactively preventing and controlling rockbursts in deep hard rock.As the fracturing degree of microwave-induced boreholes is affected by b...Abstract:Microwave-based destressing is regarded as a promising approach for proactively preventing and controlling rockbursts in deep hard rock.As the fracturing degree of microwave-induced boreholes is affected by borehole diameter,water content,mineral content,etc.,it is difficult to establish relationships between them.The research aims to unify various factors with heating rate and temperature,and establish a microwave parameter design method based thereon.Tests on microwave-induced borehole fracturing in hard rock with different or similar heating rates and temperatures under true triaxial stress were conducted.The test results show that both heating rate and temperature promote radial fracture of the rock,but have little effect on the development of axial fractures.Compared with heating rate,temperature is a more critical factor influencing microwave-induced fracturing.The effects of the heating rate on rock fracturing become noticeable only at higher temperatures.When the heating rate and temperature are similar but the diameter of the boreholes is different,the crack distribution,total length,wave velocity attenuation,and fracture process are similar.It is feasible to reverse-design microwave parameters under different borehole diameters based on the heating rate and temperature.Thermal fracturing of basalt shows a distinct threshold effect between 150℃ and 195℃(with an average of about 175℃),and the heating rate and borehole diameter exert minor influences thereon.The results provide guidance for the design of microwave parameters in practice.展开更多
Turbine blades,due to their intricate geometry,are exposed to multiaxial stresses during operation.Consequently,it is imperative to examine the anisotropy of their stress-rupture behavior across various testing scenar...Turbine blades,due to their intricate geometry,are exposed to multiaxial stresses during operation.Consequently,it is imperative to examine the anisotropy of their stress-rupture behavior across various testing scenarios,particularly under high-temperature conditions.Stress-rupture behavior of a Ni-based single crystal superalloy was investigated under a load varying from 100 MPa to 137 MPa at 1,100℃ for both[001]-and[111]-orientated specimens.Results demonstrate that the rupture behavior of[111]-orientated specimens exhibits obviously higher sensitive to applied stress compared to[001]-orientated specimens.This difference is primarily attributed to the orientation dependentγ'coarsening behavior and distinct dislocation interactions atγ/γ'interfaces.In[001]-oriented specimens,plate-likeγ/γ'rafts rapidly form alongside well-developed interfacial dislocation networks,where theγ/γ'misfit stress dominates the microstructural evolution.In contrast,the[111]-orientated specimens exhibit retained,coarsenedγ'precipitates embedded within theγmatrix,accompanied by poorly developed interfacial dislocation networks.展开更多
Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistan...Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistance to salt stress.In this study,we used corn steep liquor(CSL),myo-inositol(MI),and their combination to improve salt tolerance in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)under salt stress conditions.All three treatments significantly increased plant biomass and nutrient uptake,and improved soil physicochemical properties,while alleviating oxidative damage and ion toxicity.展开更多
In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quali...In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quality and stress tolerance of crops.Synthetic metabolic engineering presents innovative strategies for the precision modification and de novo design of metabolic pathways.This approach generally encompasses three essential steps:identifying key metabolites through metabolomics,integrating multi-omics technologies to investigate the synthesis and regulation of these metabolites,and utilizing gene editing or de novo design to modify crop metabolic pathways associated with desirable agronomic traits.This review underscores the vital role of plant metabolite diversity in enhancing crop nutritional quality and stress resilience.Integrated multi-omics analyses facilitate the metabolic engineering by identifying key genes,transporters,and transcription factors that regulate metabolite biosynthesis.Precision modification strategies employ genome editing tools to reprogram endogenous metabolic networks,while de novo design reconstructs metabolic pathways through the introduction of exogenous biological elements—thereby both approaches enable the targeted enhancement of desired traits.These strategies have been effectively implemented in major food crops.However,simultaneously enhancing nutritional quality and stress resilience remains challenging due to inherent trade-offs and resource competition in distinct metabolic pathways within plants.Future research should integrate AI-driven predictive models with multi-omics datasets to decipher dynamic metabolic homeostasis and engineer climate-smart crops that maximize yield while preserving quality and environmental adaptability.展开更多
As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been rep...As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been reported to promote the adhesion and biofilm formation of Shewanella spp.,but its role in adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress needs to be further investigated.To better comprehend the effect of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress(4℃),bacterial adhesion and biofilm phenotype of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT andΔbpfA at 4℃were analyzed and performed transcriptomics.The results showed that the deletion of bpfA had almost no effect on the growth of S.putrefaciens CN32 at 4℃,but weakened the unicellular adhesion capacity of S.putrefaciens CN32 and destabilized the stability of the multicellular adhesion layer.In addition,the biomass of the mature biofilm formed byΔbpfA was merely around 50%of that observed in the mature biofilm of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT,the average thickness and volume of the biofilm decreased by 18%and 27%,respectively,and the composition of the biofilm changed.Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the deletion of bpfA led to differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways such as bacterial chemotaxis,two-component system,tyrosine metabolism,drug metabolism-other enzymes and biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae,which in turn influenced bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.Those results advance our acknowledgment of the character of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens CN32,which contributes to understanding bacterial adhesion and the control of biofilm formation.展开更多
Background Heat stress(HS)is posing as a tremendous threat to the swine industry,due to the thermos-sensitive gonads of boars.Testes are immune-privileged organs in which spermatogenesis needs to remain undisturbed,wh...Background Heat stress(HS)is posing as a tremendous threat to the swine industry,due to the thermos-sensitive gonads of boars.Testes are immune-privileged organs in which spermatogenesis needs to remain undisturbed,whereas immune cells are thermo-sensitive,especially macrophages,which are the most abundant testicular immune cells.Our study aimed to unveil the underlying immune responses and assess their consequences on the semen quality of boars under HS.The results will aid in addressing environmental temperature-related seasonal infertility and in selecting the best boar for use in artificial insemination.Methods The 3-week experiment assigned 268-week-old Rongchang male pigs into thermal neutral pair-feed(TN-PF)and HS groups.During the last 2 weeks,which served as the HS period,the HS group was subjected to 14-day 35±1℃,while the TN-PF group was kept at 26±1℃.Pig gonad tissues were sampled at the end of HS period for assessments and measurements.Results Our findings confirmed HS-related reactions such as elevated respiration rate(P<0.05)and elevated heat shock protein 60(HSP60;P<0.05)and heat shock protein 90(HSP90;P<0.05)expression levels.Sperm motility(P=0.06)and progressive sperms(P=0.08)were decreased under HS as was a significant reduction in average straight-line velocity(VSL;P<0.05).Additionally,total abnormality levels increased(P<0.05).Fibrosis,caspase-3 expression,and accumulations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α;P<0.05)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β;P<0.05),along with an elevated macrophage composition(P<0.05)characterized the orchitis under HS.Single cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)revealed fluctuations in engulfing and inflammatory signals in testicular macrophages(TMs).In particular,the complement cascade was promoted by CD163+macrophages,resulting in membrane attack complex(C5b-9)assembly(P<0.05).Linear regressions further revealed a negative correlation between C5b-9 and sperm motility(P<0.05),as well as near-negative correlations between the C5b-9 and both progressive motility(P=0.08)and VSL(P=0.06).Conclusions Our findings highlighted the relationship between HS,the onset of orchitis,and the activation of the complement system,all of which decreased the boar semen quality.展开更多
文摘Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et al.,2022).This molecular event is believed to lead to activation of stress pathways ultimately resulting in cellular dysfunction(Eldeeb et al.,2022).Accordingly,many lines of research investigations focused on dampening the formation of protein aggregates or augmenting the clearance of protein aggregates as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the progression of neurodegenerative diseases,albeit with little success(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).Cell stress cues such as the accumulation of protein aggregates lead to the activation of stress response pathways that aid cells in responding to the damage.Despite the notion that the transient activation of these pathways helps cells cope with stressors,persistent activation can induce unwanted apoptosis of cells and reduce overall tissue strength as well as lead to an accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins(Hetz and Papa,2018).Mutations in proteins involved in stress signaling termination can cause conditions like ataxia and early-onset dementia(Conroy et al.,2014).Therefore,it is crucial for stress response signaling to be turned off once conditions have improved.Nevertheless,the mechanisms by which cells silence these signals are still elusive.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2024ZD1700201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2034206,51974014 and 51574014)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515011631)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFC3004601)。
文摘In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of rocks after stress relief introduces errors.To improve accuracy,this study proposes an in-situ stress solution theory that incorporates time-dependent stress relief effects.Triaxial stepwise loadingunloading rheological tests on granite and siltstone established quantitative relationships between instantaneous elastic recovery and viscoelastic recovery under different stress levels,confirming their impact on measurement accuracy.By integrating a dual-class elastic deformation recovery model,an improved in-situ stress solution theory was derived.Additionally,accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of rock masses,a determination method for time-dependent nonlinear mechanical parameters was proposed.Based on the CSIRO hollow inclusion strain cell,time-dependent strain correction equations and long-term confining pressure calibration equations were formulated.Finally,the proposed theory was successfully applied at one iron mine(736 m depth)in Xinjiang,China,and one coal mine(510 m depth)in Ningxia,China.Compared to classical theory,the calculated mean stress values showed accuracy improvements of 6.0%and 9.4%,respectively,validating the applicability and reliability of the proposed theory.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024YFNH0016,2024NSFSC2072)the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-45)+2 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(32425056)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2400600)Sichuan Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(SCCXTD-2024-15)。
文摘Background Environmental hypoxia is a common phenomenon in aquaculture,which causes gill tissue injury in fish.Glutathione(GSH)is a vital antioxidant in animal tissues,and its levels decrease under hypoxic conditions.However,the effects of glutathione on fish under hypoxic stress remain poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the impact of glutathione on gill tissue damage in fish under hypoxic stress and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods Six experimental diets with varying glutathione concentrations.The actual glutathione levels in these diets,measured by high-performance liquid chromatography,were 0.00,145.95,291.90,437.85,583.80,and 729.75 mg/kg,respectively.Fish were fed these diets for 70 d,after which a 96-h hypoxic stress experiment was conducted.The experiment was set up with normoxic and hypoxic groups,in which the dissolved oxygen in the group was 6 mg/L,and that in the group was 1 mg/L.Results This research revealed that glutathione could enhance the growth performance and antioxidant capability of juvenile grass carp while mitigating the structural damage to gill tissues induced by hypoxia stress.Mechanistic investigations further indicated that glutathione mitigated hypoxia-induced oxidative injury in gill tissues and improved their antioxidant capacity.In addition,glutathione attenuated gill apoptosis induced by hypoxia stress.Glutathione also inhibited the initiation,nucleation,elongation,and degradation phases of autophagy,thereby attenuating hypoxia-induced gill autophagy.Moreover,glutathione was found to alleviate hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)in gills,a response potentially linked to the suppression of PERK,IRE1,and ATF6 signaling pathways.Finally,based on the ROS and PC contents in gill tissue,the optimum glutathione supplementation levels for juvenile grass carp under hypoxia stress were 437.10 and 495.00 mg/kg,respectively.Conclusions In conclusion,our experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of glutathione in alleviating gill tissue damage caused by hypoxic stress.This study confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of dietary glutathione addition to alleviate hypoxic stress in fish.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0113400)the Jiangsu Provincial Fund for Realizing Carbon Emission Peaking and Neutralization,China(BE2022305)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Fundation of China(32102411)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722698)。
文摘Global population pressures have necessitated increased focus on protecting and developing resilient plant species that can maintain productivity despite environmental challenges.Environmental degradation,driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities,poses significant threats to global food security through various forms of physical stress.Major environmental constraints affecting agricultural yields worldwide include salinity,water scarcity,nutritional imbalances(encompassing mineral toxicity and deficiencies),and extreme temperatures.Crop yield is influenced by multiple abiotic factors,including agronomic conditions,climatic variables,and soil nutrient availability.Plants develop various survival mechanisms at molecular,cellular,and physiological levels in response to stress.Abiotic stress,whether occurring individually or in combination,significantly impacts crop growth and productivity.For instance,drought stress reduces leaf area,plant height,and overall crop development.Cold stress inhibits plant development and crop efficiency,leading to diminished productivity.Salinity stress not only induces water stress in plants but also negatively affects cytosolic metabolism,cell development,membrane function,and increases reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.Elevated CO_(2)concentrations may enhance global precipitation patterns,potentially resulting in increased rainfall that can adversely affect crop development.Plants under excessive water stress exhibit reduced amylose content but increased crude protein levels.This affects both quality and quantity of crop production by inhibiting seed germination and causing growth impairment through combined effects of elevated osmotic potential and ion toxicity.Plants have evolved various escape-avoidance and tolerance mechanisms in response to abiotic stress,including physiological adaptations and integrated cellular or molecular responses.This review paper examines the impact of abiotic stress on morpho-physiological,biochemical,and molecular activities across various crops.Additionally,it analyzes crop interactions with abiotic stress regarding response and adaptation mechanisms,providing a fundamental framework for species selection and development of stress-tolerant varieties in the future.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024YFNH0016)the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-45)+1 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(32425056)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD2400600)。
文摘Background Hypoxia is a pervasive challenge in aquaculture that poses a significant threat to aquatic organisms.Since fish cannot synthesize vitamin A endogenously,it must be supplied through diet,and it plays a vital role in supporting fish stress resistance.This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of VA on the gills of adult grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)against hypoxia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Methods Six experimental diets with graded VA levels(375,862,1,614,2,099,2,786,and 3,118 IU/kg)were fed to grass carp(initial weight:726±1.2 g)for 60 d.After the trial,24 fish per treatment were selected,divided equally into normoxic and hypoxic groups,fasted for 24 h,and then subjected to a 96-h acute hypoxic challenge.Results The results demonstrated that VA supplementation mitigated hypoxia-induced damage in gill tissue,as evidenced by histological examination.Furthermore,VA alleviated oxidative stress,as indicated by reduced levels of lactate(LD),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),reactive oxygen species(ROS),protein carbonyl(PC),and malondialdehyde(MDA).Further investigations indicated that VA alleviated mitochondrial stress,potentially through suppressing the canonical UPR^(mt) axis while activating both the UPR^(mt) sirtuin axis and the UPRIMS/Erα axis.VA also modulated mitochondrial mass via multiple mechanisms,including the promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis,maintenance of dynamics by stimulating fusion and reducing fission,and inhibition of mitophagy.The suppression of mitophagy likely involved downregulating both the Pink1/Parkin-dependent pathway and the Hif1a-Bnip3 pathway.Taken together,these adaptations suggested an essential role for VA in preserving mitochondrial homeostasis.Based on the quadratic regression analysis of ROS and MDA levels from the hypoxic group,the estimated VA requirements for adult grass carp were 2,013 and 2,056 IU/kg diet,respectively.Conclusions In summary,this study provided the first evidence that VA conferred protective effects against hypoxiainduced gill damage in grass carp.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52274148)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.E2023402103)+1 种基金the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(Grant No.QN2025247)Handan Science and Technology R&D Project(Grant No.23422093047)。
文摘Asymmetric deformation and failure of surrounding rock are frequently observed in mountain tunnels and deep mining roadways,yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.To investigate asymmetric failure in roadways adjacent to fault structures and mining panels,this study adopts an integrated approach combining theoretical derivation,numerical simulation,and field application,with particular emphasis on the second invariant of the stress deviator(J_(2) )in the surrounding rock.Based on the stress solution for a circular opening,an analytical expression for J_(2)(distortion energy)is derived by considering the reorientation of principal stresses.The study demonstrates that both the increase and reorientation of principal stresses induced by fault–mining interaction jointly govern the spatial distribution of J_(2) and the resulting asymmetric failure behavior.Specifically,the principal stress rotation angle determines the location of J_(2) concentration,whereas the principal stress ratio controls its magnitude.To mitigate asymmetric failure,it is recommended to optimize the J_(2) state through adjustments in roadway size,geometry,and support systems,while simultaneously controlling the asymmetric concentration of stress deviator to enhance roadway stability.This study systematically elucidates the chain mechanism of asymmetric surrounding rock failure driven by principal stress,and further proposes a rational asymmetric joint control strategy,providing theoretical guidance for similar underground engineering conditions.
基金support from the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.KYCX24_2822)the Graduate Innovation Program of China University of Mining and Technology(Grant No.2024WLKXJ205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52474157).
文摘Excavation causes stress redistribution and affects the stress path during the shearing process of rock.The shear strength of rock varies under different stress paths,and the presence of defects reduces the shear strength.To further investigate this phenomenon,this study investigates the shear behaviour of rocks with different shear surface integrities under the influenceof different stress paths through laboratory tests and numerical simulations.The results indicate that the shear strength depends on the stress path and a decrease in the shear surface integrity reduces the degree of dependence.The cohesion and friction angle of the Mohr‒Coulomb criterion decrease with weakening of the shear surface integrity.For different stress paths,the direct shear strength is always greater than that of other shear stress paths.The pattern of changes in the acoustic emission count and cumulative count indirectly reflectsthe above findings.Numerical simulations further indicate that the different principal stress states and normal suppression effects during the shearing process lead to changes in the factors of crack propagation,resulting in different mechanical behaviours under various stress paths.For rocks with different integrity levels,the main reason for the different path dependences of shear strength is that the size of the area affected by shear is different.Shear failure will concentrate on the shear plane when the normal inhibition effect is greater.This study explores the mechanism of rock shear behaviour,providing a theoretical basis for establishing more accurate constitutive models and strength criteria.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32160501 and 32201901)the Accelerated Breeding Initiative of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research(Grant No.INIT-01)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,China(Grant No.2021GXNSFAA220026)the Program on National Modern Agricultural Technology System Guangxi Innovation Team,China(Grant No.nycytxgxcxtd-2021-01-04)the Advantage Team Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(Grant No.2026YT070).
文摘Rice production is increasingly challenged by flooding stress because of global warming and rising sea levels.As the world’s most important staple crop,rice is highly vulnerable to anaerobic and submergence conditions that occur during flooding,particularly at the germination and vegetative stages.Anaerobic environments hinder seedling establishment during germination,while prolonged submergence during the vegetative stage impairs growth,ultimately reducing yield and grain quality.These stresses,driven by extended inundation,trigger a cascade of detrimental physiological responses and represent a major barrier to stable rice production and global food security.In this review,we examine the effects of flooding on rice growth at both the germination and vegetative stages.We further summarize recent advances in the identification of flooding-tolerant germplasm,QTL mapping,genome-wide association study,transcriptomic and proteomic analyses,and other molecular studies.Subsequently,we highlight potential cultivation and regulatory strategies,including genetic,morphological,physiological,and endogenous hormone-related approaches,aimed at enhancing tolerance to anaerobic and submergence stress.Together,these approaches underscore the promise of integrating molecular insights with agronomic practices to mitigate flooding damage and support sustainable rice production.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(12202294)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024NSFSC1346)are acknowledged.
文摘FeMnSi-based shape memory alloys(SMAs)have great applied potential to large-scale structures in civil engineering,especially as an aseismic structural material.Low-cycle fatigue performance is one of the most important properties of FeMnSi-based SMA aseismic materials.However,the low-cycle fatigue behavior of such SMAs,especially the stress-controlled low-cycle fatigue behavior(with ratchetting effect),has not been clearly understood.In this work,the low-cycle fatigue behavior of the FeMnSiCrNi SMAs subjected to stress-controlled cyclic tension–compression loads is investigated,and the effects of temperature,loading frequency,stress amplitude,and stress ratio are addressed.By analyzing the cyclic stress–strain response,fatigue fracture surface morphology,dissipation energy,ratchetting strain,and equivalent damping ratio,the mechanisms behind the temperature-,loading frequency-,stress amplitude-,and stress ratio-dependent low-cycle fatigue behavior are discussed.The results show that the plasticity,martensitic transformation,and/or the ratchetting strain caused by their tension–compression asymmetry are the decisive factors affecting the low-cycle fatigue behavior of FeMnSiCrNi SMAs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Key Program),No.2021JZ-60(to HZ)。
文摘The unfolded protein response is a cellular pathway activated to maintain proteostasis and prevent cell death when the endoplasmic reticulum is overwhelmed by unfolded proteins.However,if the unfolded protein response fails to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis,it can trigger proinflammatory and pro-death signals,which are implicated in various malignancies and are currently being investigated for their role in retinal degenerative diseases.This paper reviews the role of the unfolded protein responsein addressing endoplasmic reticulumstress in retinal degenerative diseases.The accumulation of ubiquitylated misfolded proteins can lead to rapid destabilization of the proteome and cellular demise.Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress to alleviate retinal pathologies involves multiple strategies,including the use of chemical chaperones such as 4-phenylbutyric acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid,which enhance protein folding and reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress.Small molecule modulators that influence endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors,including those that increase the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress regulator X-box binding protein 1,are also potential therapeutic agents.Additionally,inhibitors of the RNAse activity of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1,a key endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor,represent another class of drugs that could prevent the formation of toxic aggregates.The activation of nuclear receptors,such as PPAR and FXR,may also help mitigate ER stress.Furthermore,enhancing proteolysis through the induction of autophagy or the inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes can assist in clearing misfolded proteins.Combination treatments that involve endoplasmicreticulum-stress-targeting drugs and gene therapies are also being explored.Despite these potential therapeutic strategies,significant challenges remain in targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress for the treatment of retinal degeneration,and further research is essential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying human retinal diseases and to develop effective,well-tolerated drugs.The use of existing drugs that target inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1 and X-box binding protein 1 has been associated with adverse side effects,which have hindered their clinical translation.Moreover,signaling pathways downstream of endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors can contribute to therapy resistance.Addressing these limitations is crucial for developing drugs that can be effectively used in treating retinal dystrophies.In conclusion,while the unfolded protein response is a promising therapeutic target in retinal degenerative diseases,additional research and development efforts are imperative to overcome the current limitations and improve patient outcomes.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Outstanding Youth Fund Continuation Project,China(Grant No.LRG25C130002)the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-CSCB-202402)+3 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LD24C130001)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(Grant No.2023ZD04066)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.Y2025YC96)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-CNRRI).
文摘Prohibitin(PHB)plays critical roles in plant growth and development.In this study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate homozygous OsPHB2 knockout transgenic plants,designated cr-osphb2.The cr-osphb2 line exhibited wider leaves,dwarfism,and shorter panicles.Subcellular localization results indicated that OsPHB2 localizes to mitochondria.Under salt stress conditions,cr-osphb2 exhibited enhanced tolerance.Haplotype(Hap)analysis identified three major Haps(Hap1,Hap2,and Hap3)of OsPHB2,among which Hap2 was associated with a greater number of effective panicles and higher yield,indicating its potential value for breeding applications.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that OsPHB2 plays an important role in regulating growth,development,and salt stress responses in rice.
基金approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Northwest Normal University(Approval No.:[2023028]).All participants signed the informed consent in this study.
文摘Background:Childhood leukemia,a malignant proliferative disorder of the hematopoietic system and the most common childhood cancer,poses a significant threat to the lives and health of affected children.For parents,a leukemia diagnosis in their child is a profoundly traumatic event.As primary caregivers,they endure immense psychological distress and caregiving stress throughout the prolonged and demanding treatment process,which can adversely affect their own well-being and caregiving capacity.However,the psychological mechanisms,such as the role of mindfulness,linking caregiver stress to parental coping strategies remain underexplored,and evidence-based interventions to support these parents are needed.Methods:In Study 1,we administered a cross-sectional survey to 242 parents of children with leukemia who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January and August 2024.Participants completed measures assessing caregiver burden,mindful attention awareness,and parental coping style.In Study 2,we further evaluated the effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction(MBSR)intervention.Results:The results of Study 1 revealed:(1)The caregiving stress significantly and negatively predicted coping style(β=−1.18,95%CI[−2.18,−0.18],p<0.01).(2)Caregiving stress also significantly and negatively predicted mindfulness(β=−1.90,95%CI[−2.43,−1.38],p<0.01).(3)Conversely,mindfulness significantly and positively predicted coping style(β=0.85,95%CI[0.62,1.07],p<0.01).These findings suggest that mindfulness mediates the relationship between caregiver burden and coping style.In Study 2,the experimental group showed a significant decrease in caregiver stress post-intervention(t=2.24,p<0.05),a significant increase in mindfulness(t=−4.61,p<0.001),and a significant improvement in coping style(t=−2.36,p<0.01).No significant changes were observed in the control group.Conclusion:MBSR can effectively enhance mindfulness and promote adaptive coping strategies,while reducing caregiver burden among parents of children with leukemia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42174074,and 41674055).
文摘We investigated the influence of historical earthquakes on the 2022 Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquake and its subsequent effects.We computed the viscoelastic Coulomb stress changes induced by these historical seismic events using the rupture model of historical earthquakes and the layered Maxwell viscoelastic medium model.Our findings indicate that the Luding earthquake was brought forward approximately 29 years because of several historical earthquakes.Specifically,the 1923 Renda M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 1933 Diexi M_(S)7.5 earthquake,the 1973 Luhuo M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 2008 Kangding M_(S)5.1 earthquake,the 2008 Wenchuan M_(S)8.0 earthquake,the 2014 Kangding M_(S)6.3 earthquake,and the 2014 Kangding M_(S)5.8 earthquake advanced the occurrence of the event by 117.61,26.67,84.51,0.27,0.91,7.64,and 3.17 years,respectively.Conversely,the 1936 Mabian earthquake swarm,the 1948 Litang M_(S)7.3 earthquake,the 1955 Kangding M_(S)7.5 earthquake,and the 2013 Lushan M_(S)7.0 earthquake delayed its occurrence by 39.89,22.43,144.23,and 4.89 years,respectively.Furthermore,by employing the halfspace homogeneous elastic model and the rupture characteristics of the Luding earthquake,we computed the coseismic Coulomb stress changes in neighboring faults.Our results reveal increased Coulomb stress on the Xianshuihe fault(excluding its southern segment),the Anninghe fault,the Zemuhe fault,the Daliangshan fault,the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault,the northern segment of the Mabian-Yanjin fault,and the Xiaojinhe fault.Conversely,we observed stress decreases in the southern segment of the Jinshajiang fault,the central and eastern segments of the Longriba fault,the Mabian-Yanjin fault(excluding its northern segment),and the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault.
基金supported by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station,Special Research Initiative(MAFES-SRI),USA,the USDA-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS)(58-6064-3-007)the National Institute of Food and Agriculture,USA(MIS-430030)。
文摘Elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2))may mitigate stress-induced damage to cotton(Gossypium spp.)growth and development.However,understanding the early-stage responses of cotton to multiple abiotic stressors at eCO_(2)levels has been limited.This study quantified the impacts of chilling(CS,22/14℃,day/night temperature),heat(HS,38/30℃),drought(DS,50%irrigation of the control),and salt(SS,8 d S m-1)stresses on pigments,physiology,growth,and development of 14 upland cotton cultivars under ambient CO_(2)(aCO_(2),420 ppm;current)and eCO_(2)(700 ppm;future)levels during the vegetative stage.The eCO_(2)partially negated the effects of all stresses by improving one or more of the pigments,physiological,growth,and development traits,except CS.For instance,HS at aCO_(2)significantly increased stomatal conductance by 36%compared with non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).However,HS at eCO_(2)significantly decreased stomatal conductance by 18%compared with HS at aCO_(2).The first squaring was delayed by one day under SS at aCO_(2)but two days earlier under SS at eCO_(2)than non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).Root and shoot dry mass and the total leaf area were significantly higher under all stresses,except for CS,at the eCO_(2)compared with similar stresses at the aCO_(2).Most growth and development traits,including plant height,leaf area,and shoot dry mass,displayed a mirroring response pattern between aCO_(2)and eCO_(2)under all environments except CS.Cultivars exhibited significant interaction with stressed environments.Further,results revealed differential sensitivity and adaptation potential of cultivars to stress environments at varying CO_(2)levels.This study highlights the need to consider eCO_(2)in designing breeding programs to develop stress-tolerant varieties for future cotton-growing environments.
基金the financial support from the Na-tional Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC2907202)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZB20240129).
文摘Abstract:Microwave-based destressing is regarded as a promising approach for proactively preventing and controlling rockbursts in deep hard rock.As the fracturing degree of microwave-induced boreholes is affected by borehole diameter,water content,mineral content,etc.,it is difficult to establish relationships between them.The research aims to unify various factors with heating rate and temperature,and establish a microwave parameter design method based thereon.Tests on microwave-induced borehole fracturing in hard rock with different or similar heating rates and temperatures under true triaxial stress were conducted.The test results show that both heating rate and temperature promote radial fracture of the rock,but have little effect on the development of axial fractures.Compared with heating rate,temperature is a more critical factor influencing microwave-induced fracturing.The effects of the heating rate on rock fracturing become noticeable only at higher temperatures.When the heating rate and temperature are similar but the diameter of the boreholes is different,the crack distribution,total length,wave velocity attenuation,and fracture process are similar.It is feasible to reverse-design microwave parameters under different borehole diameters based on the heating rate and temperature.Thermal fracturing of basalt shows a distinct threshold effect between 150℃ and 195℃(with an average of about 175℃),and the heating rate and borehole diameter exert minor influences thereon.The results provide guidance for the design of microwave parameters in practice.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2019-VII-0019-0161 and No.2019-VII-0004-0144)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92360302)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.ZR2021QE103)。
文摘Turbine blades,due to their intricate geometry,are exposed to multiaxial stresses during operation.Consequently,it is imperative to examine the anisotropy of their stress-rupture behavior across various testing scenarios,particularly under high-temperature conditions.Stress-rupture behavior of a Ni-based single crystal superalloy was investigated under a load varying from 100 MPa to 137 MPa at 1,100℃ for both[001]-and[111]-orientated specimens.Results demonstrate that the rupture behavior of[111]-orientated specimens exhibits obviously higher sensitive to applied stress compared to[001]-orientated specimens.This difference is primarily attributed to the orientation dependentγ'coarsening behavior and distinct dislocation interactions atγ/γ'interfaces.In[001]-oriented specimens,plate-likeγ/γ'rafts rapidly form alongside well-developed interfacial dislocation networks,where theγ/γ'misfit stress dominates the microstructural evolution.In contrast,the[111]-orientated specimens exhibit retained,coarsenedγ'precipitates embedded within theγmatrix,accompanied by poorly developed interfacial dislocation networks.
基金supported by the sub-project“Research and Application of In-Situ Value-Added Water-Soluble Fertilizer Application Technology”(Grant No.2023YFD1700204-3)under the 14th Five-Year National Key R&D Program Project“Development and Industrialization of Novel Green Value-Added Fertilizers”.
文摘Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistance to salt stress.In this study,we used corn steep liquor(CSL),myo-inositol(MI),and their combination to improve salt tolerance in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)under salt stress conditions.All three treatments significantly increased plant biomass and nutrient uptake,and improved soil physicochemical properties,while alleviating oxidative damage and ion toxicity.
基金supported by the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (SKJC-JYRC-2024-26)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32460072)+4 种基金Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (323RC421)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (ZDYF2022XDNY144)the Hainan Provincial Academician Innovation Platform Project (HDYSZX-202004)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University (XTCX2022NYB06)Hainan Postdoctoral Research Grant Project
文摘In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quality and stress tolerance of crops.Synthetic metabolic engineering presents innovative strategies for the precision modification and de novo design of metabolic pathways.This approach generally encompasses three essential steps:identifying key metabolites through metabolomics,integrating multi-omics technologies to investigate the synthesis and regulation of these metabolites,and utilizing gene editing or de novo design to modify crop metabolic pathways associated with desirable agronomic traits.This review underscores the vital role of plant metabolite diversity in enhancing crop nutritional quality and stress resilience.Integrated multi-omics analyses facilitate the metabolic engineering by identifying key genes,transporters,and transcription factors that regulate metabolite biosynthesis.Precision modification strategies employ genome editing tools to reprogram endogenous metabolic networks,while de novo design reconstructs metabolic pathways through the introduction of exogenous biological elements—thereby both approaches enable the targeted enhancement of desired traits.These strategies have been effectively implemented in major food crops.However,simultaneously enhancing nutritional quality and stress resilience remains challenging due to inherent trade-offs and resource competition in distinct metabolic pathways within plants.Future research should integrate AI-driven predictive models with multi-omics datasets to decipher dynamic metabolic homeostasis and engineer climate-smart crops that maximize yield while preserving quality and environmental adaptability.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472401).
文摘As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been reported to promote the adhesion and biofilm formation of Shewanella spp.,but its role in adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress needs to be further investigated.To better comprehend the effect of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress(4℃),bacterial adhesion and biofilm phenotype of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT andΔbpfA at 4℃were analyzed and performed transcriptomics.The results showed that the deletion of bpfA had almost no effect on the growth of S.putrefaciens CN32 at 4℃,but weakened the unicellular adhesion capacity of S.putrefaciens CN32 and destabilized the stability of the multicellular adhesion layer.In addition,the biomass of the mature biofilm formed byΔbpfA was merely around 50%of that observed in the mature biofilm of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT,the average thickness and volume of the biofilm decreased by 18%and 27%,respectively,and the composition of the biofilm changed.Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the deletion of bpfA led to differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways such as bacterial chemotaxis,two-component system,tyrosine metabolism,drug metabolism-other enzymes and biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae,which in turn influenced bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.Those results advance our acknowledgment of the character of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens CN32,which contributes to understanding bacterial adhesion and the control of biofilm formation.
基金supported by the Projects of The National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20255)Strategic Priority Research Program of the National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs(NCTIPXD/B04)+3 种基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32573270)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(3227291)National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Sichuan Pig innovation team(SCSZTD-2024-08)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1300804)。
文摘Background Heat stress(HS)is posing as a tremendous threat to the swine industry,due to the thermos-sensitive gonads of boars.Testes are immune-privileged organs in which spermatogenesis needs to remain undisturbed,whereas immune cells are thermo-sensitive,especially macrophages,which are the most abundant testicular immune cells.Our study aimed to unveil the underlying immune responses and assess their consequences on the semen quality of boars under HS.The results will aid in addressing environmental temperature-related seasonal infertility and in selecting the best boar for use in artificial insemination.Methods The 3-week experiment assigned 268-week-old Rongchang male pigs into thermal neutral pair-feed(TN-PF)and HS groups.During the last 2 weeks,which served as the HS period,the HS group was subjected to 14-day 35±1℃,while the TN-PF group was kept at 26±1℃.Pig gonad tissues were sampled at the end of HS period for assessments and measurements.Results Our findings confirmed HS-related reactions such as elevated respiration rate(P<0.05)and elevated heat shock protein 60(HSP60;P<0.05)and heat shock protein 90(HSP90;P<0.05)expression levels.Sperm motility(P=0.06)and progressive sperms(P=0.08)were decreased under HS as was a significant reduction in average straight-line velocity(VSL;P<0.05).Additionally,total abnormality levels increased(P<0.05).Fibrosis,caspase-3 expression,and accumulations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α;P<0.05)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β;P<0.05),along with an elevated macrophage composition(P<0.05)characterized the orchitis under HS.Single cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)revealed fluctuations in engulfing and inflammatory signals in testicular macrophages(TMs).In particular,the complement cascade was promoted by CD163+macrophages,resulting in membrane attack complex(C5b-9)assembly(P<0.05).Linear regressions further revealed a negative correlation between C5b-9 and sperm motility(P<0.05),as well as near-negative correlations between the C5b-9 and both progressive motility(P=0.08)and VSL(P=0.06).Conclusions Our findings highlighted the relationship between HS,the onset of orchitis,and the activation of the complement system,all of which decreased the boar semen quality.
