Many studies have demonstrated that some of the activities of people can disturb nesting and foraging birds, particularly along coasts and estuaries. Some managers respond to human disturbance of sensitive species by ...Many studies have demonstrated that some of the activities of people can disturb nesting and foraging birds, particularly along coasts and estuaries. Some managers respond to human disturbance of sensitive species by closing beaches, but most have stewards monitor and restrict access to beaches or portions of beaches. Yet little is known about the type of visitor or their perceptions of beach stewards. This paper explores the general acceptance of beach stewards and their role in conservation of red knots </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Calidris</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">canutus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rufa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">),</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> other shorebirds, and horseshoe crabs </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Limulus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">polyphemus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">along the Delaware Bay (New Jersey) beaches by interviewing 279 visitors during the stopover period. While most people came to see the shorebird and horseshoe crab spectacle (60%), many came for the scenery, tranquility, and recreation. Just over half of the people interviewed said that the stewards were helpful (58%), although most of those that answered this question later said that they provided conservation value (86%), but only 40% said they relied on the stewards for information. On a Likert rating scale of 1 to 5 (the highest value), the mean rating for whether it was important for stewards to be present was 3.87 ± 0.09, and the rating for the presence of stewards who can provide information was 3.71 ± 0.11. In contrast, protection of shorebirds was rated a mean of 4.79 ± 0.04. There were significant visitor type differences in how important stewards were, but not in the importance of stewards who can provide information. Fishermen, recreationists, and people coming for scenery and tranquility rated the presence of stewards higher than those visitors who were interested in either shorebirds or crabs (or both). Ratings also differed significantly as a function of age and gender;older adults and females rated characteristics higher than did people under 30 years and males. Information needs identified by stewards are also discussed. These data can be used by the managers developing a strategy for conservation of shorebirds and other species sensitive to disturbance, and for the implementation of an effective stewardship program.展开更多
Summary： With dwindling number of new antibiotics and inappropriate use of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of antibiotics resistance occurs commonly in healthcare institutions worldwide. In China, antibiotics a...Summary： With dwindling number of new antibiotics and inappropriate use of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of antibiotics resistance occurs commonly in healthcare institutions worldwide. In China, antibiotics are commonly overprescribed and misused. This study is to assess the effect of the nationwide special campaign on antibiotic stewardship program （ASP） at specialized hospitals in China by investigating prescription information from 2011 to 2012. Data on the hospital consumption and prescription of systemic antibiotics were obtained from four specialized hospitals, including maternity, children＇s, stomatological and cancer hospitals. Systematic random sampling was used to select outpatient prescriptions and inpatient cases. A total of 105 specialized hospitals in 2011 and 121 specialized hospitals in 2012 were analysed. The defined daily doses （DDDs） per 100 inpatient days, the percentage of antibiotic use in outpatient prescriptions, and the percentage of antibiotic use in inpatient eases were used as measurements of antibiotic use. The overall antibiotic use density in the selected hospitals decreased between 2011 and 2012 from 39.37 to 26.54 DDD/100 inpatient days （P〈0.001）. The percentage of antibiotic use in outpatient prescriptions （range： 24.12%-18.71%, P=0.109） and inpatient cases （64.85%-60.10%, P=-0.006） also decreased within the two years. Significant changes were observed among regions and different hospitals within the two years. And antibiotic consumption was correlated with the type and size of specialized hospital in 2012, but not with the regions. This analysis of antibiotic consumption of specialized hospitals allows relevant comparisons for benchmarking and shows that national ASP has improved antibiotic rational use in China. The data will assist policymakers in formulating effective strategies to decrease antibiotic overuse and identify areas that require further work.展开更多
Understanding the factors that contribute to population stability in long-distance migrant birds is increasingly important, particularly given global climate change, sea level rise, and loss or disturbance at essentia...Understanding the factors that contribute to population stability in long-distance migrant birds is increasingly important, particularly given global climate change, sea level rise, and loss or disturbance at essential habitats. While the populations of most shorebirds are declining worldwide, those that migrate through Delaware Bay, New Jersey and Delaware, are declining at the most rapid rate despite conservation efforts. In this paper, we 1) provide background information on population declines of red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) using Delaware Bay, threats to their foraging, and efforts to reduce threats, 2) summarize briefly our studies of the effects of human activities on knots and other shorebirds, 3) present data on management efforts to protect knots and other shorebirds from the activities of people, and 4) discuss the efficacy of such efforts (usually referred to as “decreasing the effect of human disturbances”). The Shorebird Project on Delaware Bay is over 25 years old and provides long-term data to help assess the status of shorebird numbers, particularly for red knot, as well as the density of horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) and their eggs. Red knots have continued to decline even more precipitously in the last few years, presenting cause for concern. Protective efforts have been successful in reducing human disruption on the N.J. Delaware Bay beaches, but the lack of uniformity in implementation across the New Jersey side, and across the whole Bay have hampered further improvements. Implementation of signs, fencing, and stewards on some beaches significantly enhanced the use of these beaches by red knots, determined by examining the use of beaches pre- and post-implementation. Implementation of fencing and stewards had the greatest effect. From 1986 to 2018, there was a significant shift in the percent of Delaware Bay red knots using the NJ side, where protection efforts had been implemented on many of the beaches. Merely restricting access (without fencing or other efforts) did not result in more knots using the beaches post-restriction. This is the first paper that clearly shows the protective effects of having beach stewards. We discuss the long-term needs for continued management of Delaware Bay beaches, and other beaches coastwide, and of determining the causes of population declines of red knots.展开更多
目的探究Aldrete评分、Steward评分、警觉与镇静(Observer’s Assessment of Alterness/Sedation,OAA/S)评分在日间胸腔镜手术患者全麻术后苏醒延迟中的临床诊断效能。方法选取2020年1月至2021年6月在上海市肺科医院行全麻下日间胸腔镜...目的探究Aldrete评分、Steward评分、警觉与镇静(Observer’s Assessment of Alterness/Sedation,OAA/S)评分在日间胸腔镜手术患者全麻术后苏醒延迟中的临床诊断效能。方法选取2020年1月至2021年6月在上海市肺科医院行全麻下日间胸腔镜手术患者600例,依据苏醒延长时间判定苏醒延迟情况,将患者纳入苏醒时间延迟组(200例)和苏醒时间未延迟组(400例)。采用单因素分析评价日间胸腔镜手术患者苏醒时间延迟在临床资料上的差异,多因素Logistic回归分析日间胸腔镜手术患者苏醒时间延迟的影响因素,分别采用Aldrete评分、Steward评分、OAA/S评分对患者苏醒情况进行评估,对比两组患者评分差异,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析3项评分评估日间胸腔镜手术患者苏醒时间延迟的临床效能。结果日间胸腔镜手术患者的苏醒时间延迟在年龄、低体温、低血压、低血糖、高碳酸血症、手术时间及出血量情况上差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。低血糖、低血压、出血量≥200 ml、手术时间≥4 h、高碳酸血症、年龄≥60岁、低体温是日间胸腔镜手术患者苏醒时间延迟的危险因素。与苏醒时间未延迟组比较,苏醒时间延迟组患者的Aldrete评分、Steward评分、OAA/S评分均明显降低(P<0.05)。Aldrete评分、Steward评分、OAA/S评分评估苏醒时间延迟的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.966、0.855和0.720。结论低血糖、低血压、出血量≥200 ml、手术时间≥4 h、高碳酸血症、年龄≥60岁、低体温是全麻下日间胸腔镜手术患者术后苏醒延迟的危险因素,Aldrete评分在评估麻醉术后苏醒时间中的临床效能高于Steward评分、OAA/S评分。展开更多
The FAIR Guidelines attempts to make digital data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable(FAIR). To prepare FAIR data, a new data science discipline known as data stewardship is emerging and, as the FAIR Gui...The FAIR Guidelines attempts to make digital data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable(FAIR). To prepare FAIR data, a new data science discipline known as data stewardship is emerging and, as the FAIR Guidelines gain more acceptance, an increase in the demand for data stewards is expected. Consequently, there is a need to develop curricula to foster professional skills in data stewardship through effective knowledge communication. There have been a number of initiatives aimed at bridging the gap in FAIR data management training through both formal and informal programmes. This article describes the experience of developing a digital initiative for FAIR data management training under the Digital Innovations and Skills Hub(DISH) project. The FAIR Data Management course offers 6 short on-demand certificate modules over 12 weeks. The modules are divided into two sets: FAIR data and data science. The core subjects cover elementary topics in data science, regulatory frameworks, FAIR data management, intermediate to advanced topics in FAIR Data Point installation, and FAIR data in the management of healthcare and semantic data. Each week, participants are required to devote 7–8 hours of self-study to the modules, based on the resources provided. Once they have satisfied all requirements, students are certified as FAIR data scientists and qualified to serve as both FAIR data stewards and analysts. It is expected that in-depth and focused curricula development with diverse participants will build a core of FAIR data scientists for Data Competence Centres and encourage the rapid adoption of the FAIR Guidelines for research and development.展开更多
In order to achieve attitude control of the six degrees of freedom steward dynamic platform, as well as the real time simulation cockpit attitude, Washout Filtering method was adopted in this paper as the simulation a...In order to achieve attitude control of the six degrees of freedom steward dynamic platform, as well as the real time simulation cockpit attitude, Washout Filtering method was adopted in this paper as the simulation algorithm to derive Washout Fiher high-pass, low-pass filter transfer functions into a differential equation algorithm and longitudinal acceleration tilt strategy, pitching strategies etc. Experimental examples are used to verify correctness of the algorithm.展开更多
文摘Many studies have demonstrated that some of the activities of people can disturb nesting and foraging birds, particularly along coasts and estuaries. Some managers respond to human disturbance of sensitive species by closing beaches, but most have stewards monitor and restrict access to beaches or portions of beaches. Yet little is known about the type of visitor or their perceptions of beach stewards. This paper explores the general acceptance of beach stewards and their role in conservation of red knots </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Calidris</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">canutus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rufa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">),</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> other shorebirds, and horseshoe crabs </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Limulus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">polyphemus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">along the Delaware Bay (New Jersey) beaches by interviewing 279 visitors during the stopover period. While most people came to see the shorebird and horseshoe crab spectacle (60%), many came for the scenery, tranquility, and recreation. Just over half of the people interviewed said that the stewards were helpful (58%), although most of those that answered this question later said that they provided conservation value (86%), but only 40% said they relied on the stewards for information. On a Likert rating scale of 1 to 5 (the highest value), the mean rating for whether it was important for stewards to be present was 3.87 ± 0.09, and the rating for the presence of stewards who can provide information was 3.71 ± 0.11. In contrast, protection of shorebirds was rated a mean of 4.79 ± 0.04. There were significant visitor type differences in how important stewards were, but not in the importance of stewards who can provide information. Fishermen, recreationists, and people coming for scenery and tranquility rated the presence of stewards higher than those visitors who were interested in either shorebirds or crabs (or both). Ratings also differed significantly as a function of age and gender;older adults and females rated characteristics higher than did people under 30 years and males. Information needs identified by stewards are also discussed. These data can be used by the managers developing a strategy for conservation of shorebirds and other species sensitive to disturbance, and for the implementation of an effective stewardship program.
基金supported by grants from the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71073062)Major Project in Philosophy and Social Science of Ministry of Education in China(No.10JZD0027)
文摘Summary： With dwindling number of new antibiotics and inappropriate use of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of antibiotics resistance occurs commonly in healthcare institutions worldwide. In China, antibiotics are commonly overprescribed and misused. This study is to assess the effect of the nationwide special campaign on antibiotic stewardship program （ASP） at specialized hospitals in China by investigating prescription information from 2011 to 2012. Data on the hospital consumption and prescription of systemic antibiotics were obtained from four specialized hospitals, including maternity, children＇s, stomatological and cancer hospitals. Systematic random sampling was used to select outpatient prescriptions and inpatient cases. A total of 105 specialized hospitals in 2011 and 121 specialized hospitals in 2012 were analysed. The defined daily doses （DDDs） per 100 inpatient days, the percentage of antibiotic use in outpatient prescriptions, and the percentage of antibiotic use in inpatient eases were used as measurements of antibiotic use. The overall antibiotic use density in the selected hospitals decreased between 2011 and 2012 from 39.37 to 26.54 DDD/100 inpatient days （P〈0.001）. The percentage of antibiotic use in outpatient prescriptions （range： 24.12%-18.71%, P=0.109） and inpatient cases （64.85%-60.10%, P=-0.006） also decreased within the two years. Significant changes were observed among regions and different hospitals within the two years. And antibiotic consumption was correlated with the type and size of specialized hospital in 2012, but not with the regions. This analysis of antibiotic consumption of specialized hospitals allows relevant comparisons for benchmarking and shows that national ASP has improved antibiotic rational use in China. The data will assist policymakers in formulating effective strategies to decrease antibiotic overuse and identify areas that require further work.
文摘Understanding the factors that contribute to population stability in long-distance migrant birds is increasingly important, particularly given global climate change, sea level rise, and loss or disturbance at essential habitats. While the populations of most shorebirds are declining worldwide, those that migrate through Delaware Bay, New Jersey and Delaware, are declining at the most rapid rate despite conservation efforts. In this paper, we 1) provide background information on population declines of red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) using Delaware Bay, threats to their foraging, and efforts to reduce threats, 2) summarize briefly our studies of the effects of human activities on knots and other shorebirds, 3) present data on management efforts to protect knots and other shorebirds from the activities of people, and 4) discuss the efficacy of such efforts (usually referred to as “decreasing the effect of human disturbances”). The Shorebird Project on Delaware Bay is over 25 years old and provides long-term data to help assess the status of shorebird numbers, particularly for red knot, as well as the density of horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) and their eggs. Red knots have continued to decline even more precipitously in the last few years, presenting cause for concern. Protective efforts have been successful in reducing human disruption on the N.J. Delaware Bay beaches, but the lack of uniformity in implementation across the New Jersey side, and across the whole Bay have hampered further improvements. Implementation of signs, fencing, and stewards on some beaches significantly enhanced the use of these beaches by red knots, determined by examining the use of beaches pre- and post-implementation. Implementation of fencing and stewards had the greatest effect. From 1986 to 2018, there was a significant shift in the percent of Delaware Bay red knots using the NJ side, where protection efforts had been implemented on many of the beaches. Merely restricting access (without fencing or other efforts) did not result in more knots using the beaches post-restriction. This is the first paper that clearly shows the protective effects of having beach stewards. We discuss the long-term needs for continued management of Delaware Bay beaches, and other beaches coastwide, and of determining the causes of population declines of red knots.
基金VODAN-Africathe Philips Foundation+2 种基金the Dutch Development Bank FMOCORDAIDthe GO FAIR Foundation for supporting this research
文摘The FAIR Guidelines attempts to make digital data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable(FAIR). To prepare FAIR data, a new data science discipline known as data stewardship is emerging and, as the FAIR Guidelines gain more acceptance, an increase in the demand for data stewards is expected. Consequently, there is a need to develop curricula to foster professional skills in data stewardship through effective knowledge communication. There have been a number of initiatives aimed at bridging the gap in FAIR data management training through both formal and informal programmes. This article describes the experience of developing a digital initiative for FAIR data management training under the Digital Innovations and Skills Hub(DISH) project. The FAIR Data Management course offers 6 short on-demand certificate modules over 12 weeks. The modules are divided into two sets: FAIR data and data science. The core subjects cover elementary topics in data science, regulatory frameworks, FAIR data management, intermediate to advanced topics in FAIR Data Point installation, and FAIR data in the management of healthcare and semantic data. Each week, participants are required to devote 7–8 hours of self-study to the modules, based on the resources provided. Once they have satisfied all requirements, students are certified as FAIR data scientists and qualified to serve as both FAIR data stewards and analysts. It is expected that in-depth and focused curricula development with diverse participants will build a core of FAIR data scientists for Data Competence Centres and encourage the rapid adoption of the FAIR Guidelines for research and development.
文摘In order to achieve attitude control of the six degrees of freedom steward dynamic platform, as well as the real time simulation cockpit attitude, Washout Filtering method was adopted in this paper as the simulation algorithm to derive Washout Fiher high-pass, low-pass filter transfer functions into a differential equation algorithm and longitudinal acceleration tilt strategy, pitching strategies etc. Experimental examples are used to verify correctness of the algorithm.
