BACKGROUND Owing to age-related physiological declines,elderly patients undergoing radical gastrectomy(RG)often experience physical and psychological challenges.Hence,appropriate nursing strategies need to be identifi...BACKGROUND Owing to age-related physiological declines,elderly patients undergoing radical gastrectomy(RG)often experience physical and psychological challenges.Hence,appropriate nursing strategies need to be identified for optimizing patient outcomes.AIM To evaluate the effects of the Neuman Systems Model-guided stepped care intervention(NGSC)model on postoperative physical and psychological recovery in elderly patients with gastric cancer who underwent RG.METHODS In total,80 elderly patients(≥65 years old)who underwent RG at the Shanxi Fenyang Hospital between January 2023 and June 2024 were included and randomly divided as follows:Control group(n=40,those receiving conventional stepped care intervention);observation group(n=40,those receiving NGSC).Postoperative recovery indices,anxiety/depression scores(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale/Self-Rating Depression Scale),quality of life(36-item short form health survey),and adverse event rates were compared between the groups.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the observation group presented significantly shorter recovery times for first bowel sounds,ambulation,flatus,oral intake,catheter removal,and hospitalization(all P<0.05).Notably,in the observation group,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale/Self-Rating Depression Scale scores and the adverse event rate were significantly lower(all P<0.05),whereas 36-item short form health survey scores were higher(P<0.05),compared with those in the control group.CONCLUSION Overall,the findings of this study show that the proposed NGSC model accelerates postoperative recovery,alleviates psychological distress,improves quality of life,and reduces complications in elderly patients with gastric cancer who underwent RG,presenting potential for clinical application.展开更多
The paper presents our contribution to the full 3D finite element modelling of a hybrid stepping motor using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This type of four-phase motor has a permanent magnet interposed between the tw...The paper presents our contribution to the full 3D finite element modelling of a hybrid stepping motor using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This type of four-phase motor has a permanent magnet interposed between the two identical and coaxial half stators. The calculation of the field with or without current in the windings (respectively with or without permanent magnet) is done using a mixed formulation with strong coupling. In addition, the local high saturation of the ferromagnetic material and the radial and axial components of the magnetic flux are taken into account. The results obtained make it possible to clearly observe, as a function of the intensity of the bus current or the remanent induction, the saturation zones, the lines, the orientations and the magnetic flux densities. 3D finite element modelling provide more accurate numerical data on the magnetic field through multiphysics analysis. This analysis considers the actual operating conditions and leads to the design of an optimized machine structure, with or without current in the windings and/or permanent magnet.展开更多
A unified breakdown model of SOI RESURF device with uniform,step,or linear drift region doping profile is firstly proposed.By the model,the electric field distribution and breakdown voltage are researched in detail fo...A unified breakdown model of SOI RESURF device with uniform,step,or linear drift region doping profile is firstly proposed.By the model,the electric field distribution and breakdown voltage are researched in detail for the step numbers from 0 to infinity.The critic electric field as the function of the geometry parameters and doping profile is derived.For the thick film device,linear doping profile can be replaced by a single or two steps doping profile in the drift region due to a considerable uniformly lateral electric field,almost ideal breakdown voltage,and simplified design and fabrication.The availability of the proposed model is verified by the good accordance among the analytical results,numerical simulations,and reported experiments.展开更多
A growing interest has been devoted to the contra-rotating propellers （CRPs） due to their high propulsive efficiency, torque balance, low fuel consumption, low cavitations, low noise performance and low hull vibrati...A growing interest has been devoted to the contra-rotating propellers （CRPs） due to their high propulsive efficiency, torque balance, low fuel consumption, low cavitations, low noise performance and low hull vibration. Compared with the single-screw system, it is more difficult for the open water performance prediction because forward and aft propellers interact with each other and generate a more complicated flow field around the CRPs system. The current work focuses on the open water performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers by RANS and sliding mesh method considering the effect of computational time step size and turbulence model. The validation study has been performed on two sets of contra-rotating propellers developed by David W Taylor Naval Ship R ＆ D center. Compared with the experimental data, it shows that RANS with sliding mesh method and SST k-ω turbulence model has a good precision in the open water performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers, and small time step size can improve the level of accuracy for CRPs with the same blade number of forward and aft propellers, while a relatively large time step size is a better choice for CRPs with different blade numbers.展开更多
During the last three decades, the introduction of new construction materials (e.g. RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete), strengthened gabions) has increased the interest for stepped channels and spillways. However stepped...During the last three decades, the introduction of new construction materials (e.g. RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete), strengthened gabions) has increased the interest for stepped channels and spillways. However stepped chute hydraulics is not simple, because of different flow regimes and importantly because of very-strong interactions between entrained air and turbu- lence. In this study, new air-water flow measurements were conducted in two large-size stepped chute facilities with two step heights in each facility to study experimental distortion caused by scale effects and the soundness of result extrapolation to pro- totypes. Experimental data included distributions of air concentration, air-water flow velocity, bubble frequency, bubble chord length and air-water flow turbulence intensity. For a Froude similitude, the results implied that scale effects were observed in both facilities, although the geometric scaling ratio was only Lr=2 in each case. The selection of the criterion for scale effects is a critical issue. For example, major differences (i.e. scale effects) were observed in terms of bubble chord sizes and turbulence levels al- though little scale effects were seen in terms of void fraction and velocity distributions. Overall the findings emphasize that physical modelling of stepped chutes based upon a Froude similitude is more sensitive to scale effects than classical smooth-invert chute studies, and this is consistent with basic dimensional analysis developed herein.展开更多
Model tests and numerical analyses of stepped reinforced retaining wall were performed to investigate the effects of rheology of backfill and creep of geogrids on the long-term performance of the structure.The geogrid...Model tests and numerical analyses of stepped reinforced retaining wall were performed to investigate the effects of rheology of backfill and creep of geogrids on the long-term performance of the structure.The geogrid tensions,soil pressures,wall deformations and foundation pressure were measured during model construction and loading.A visco-elasto-plastic model and an empirical nonlinear visco-elastic model were utilized to simulate the stresses and deformations of geogrid-reinforced earth-retaining wall under long-term loads.By comparing test data with numerical results,it is shown that the foundation pressure distribution is nonlinear,and the lateral constraint of geogrids for backfill can cause a redistribution of foundation pressure.The curve of soil pressure is outside convex at each step initially,and it is close to the distribution for the case of vertical wall subsequently.The variation trend of geogrid tensions at different heights is obtained.Moreover,the failure mechanism and development mode of potential slip surface in retaining wall are proposed.展开更多
Errors due to split time stepping are discussed for an explicit free–surface ocean model. In commonly used split time stepping, the way of time integration for the barotropic momentum equation is not compatible with ...Errors due to split time stepping are discussed for an explicit free–surface ocean model. In commonly used split time stepping, the way of time integration for the barotropic momentum equation is not compatible with that of the baroclinic one. The baroclinic equation has three–time–level structure because of leapfrog scheme. The barotropic one, however, has two–time–level structure when represented in terms of the baroclinic time level, on which the baroclinic one is integrated. This incompatibility results in the splitting errors as shown in this paper. The proper split time stepping is therefore proposed in such a way that the compatibility is kept between the barotropic and baroclinic equations. Its splitting errors are shown extremely small, so that it is particularly relevant to long–term integration for climate studies. It is applied to a free–surface model for the North Pacific Ocean.展开更多
Based on the theoretical and experimental investigation of a thin silicon layer（TSL） with linear variable doping（LVD） and further research on the TSL LVD with a multiple step field plate（MSFP）,a breakdown voltag...Based on the theoretical and experimental investigation of a thin silicon layer（TSL） with linear variable doping（LVD） and further research on the TSL LVD with a multiple step field plate（MSFP）,a breakdown voltage（BV） model is proposed and experimentally verified in this paper.With the two-dimensional Poisson equation of the silicon on insulator（SOI） device,the lateral electric field in drift region of the thin silicon layer is assumed to be constant.For the SOI device with LVD in the thin silicon layer,the dependence of the BV on impurity concentration under the drain is investigated by an enhanced dielectric layer field（ENDIF）,from which the reduced surface field（RESURF） condition is deduced.The drain in the centre of the device has a good self-isolation effect,but the problem of the high voltage interconnection（HVI） line will become serious.The two step field plates including the source field plate and gate field plate can be adopted to shield the HVI adverse effect on the device.Based on this model,the TSL LVD SOI n-channel lateral double-diffused MOSFET（nLDMOS） with MSFP is realized.The experimental breakdown voltage（BV） and specific on-resistance（R on,sp） of the TSL LVD SOI device are 694 V and 21.3 ·mm 2 with a drift region length of 60 μm,buried oxide layer of 3 μm,and silicon layer of 0.15 μm,respectively.展开更多
Fixture design and planning is one of the most important manufacturing activities, playing a pivotal role in deciding the lead time for product development. Fixture design, which affects the part-quality in terms of g...Fixture design and planning is one of the most important manufacturing activities, playing a pivotal role in deciding the lead time for product development. Fixture design, which affects the part-quality in terms of geometric accuracy and surface finish, can be enhanced by using the product manufacturing information(PMI) stored in the neutral standard for the exchange of product model data(STEP) file, thereby integrating design and manufacturing. The present paper proposes a unique fixture design approach, to extract the geometry information from STEP application protocol(AP) 242 files of computer aided design(CAD) models, for providing automatic suggestions of locator positions and clamping surfaces. Automatic feature extraction software "FiXplan", developed using the programming language C#, is used to extract the part feature, dimension and geometry information. The information from the STEP AP 242 file is deduced using geometric reasoning techniques, which in turn is utilized for fixture planning. The developed software is observed to be adept in identifying the primary, secondary, and tertiary locating faces and locator position configurations of prismatic components. Structural analysis of the prismatic part under different locator positions was performed using commercial finite element method software, ABAQUS, and the optimized locator position was identified on the basis of minimum deformation of the workpiece.The area-ratio(base locator enclosed area(%)/work piece base area(%)) for the ideal locator configuration was observed as 33%. Experiments were conducted on a prismatic workpiece using a specially designed fixture, for different locator configurations. The surface roughness and waviness of the machined surfaces were analysed using an Alicona non-contact optical profilometer. The best surface characteristics were obtained for the surface machined under the ideal locator positions having an area-ratio of 33%, thus validating the predicted numerical results. The efficiency, capability and applicability of the developed software is demonstrated for the finishing operation of a sensor cover – a typical prismatic component having applications in the naval industry, under different locator configurations.The best results were obtained under the proposed ideal locator configuration of area-ratio 33%.展开更多
A membrane element model with bending modification based on element moment equilibrium is proposed for the first time by the authors, who apply the element model in one step inverse method and simulate the forming pro...A membrane element model with bending modification based on element moment equilibrium is proposed for the first time by the authors, who apply the element model in one step inverse method and simulate the forming process of a flower-shaped box using the membrane element model with and without this modification. The numerical results are compared with those of the incremental method to verify the validity of the element model developed in this paper.展开更多
In this paper, we propose an electromagnetic-mechanical model based on the finite element and Macro-Element (ME) technique to analyse and study the dynamic characteristics of a Tubular Linear Switched Reluctance Stepp...In this paper, we propose an electromagnetic-mechanical model based on the finite element and Macro-Element (ME) technique to analyse and study the dynamic characteristics of a Tubular Linear Switched Reluctance Stepping Motor (LSRSM). After the resolution of the non-linear electromagnetic equation governing the behaviour of the different materials of the motor using the nodal-based finite element method, this equation is then coupled to the mechanical equation firstly through the magnetic force computed by Maxwell stress tensor, and secondly by the modified flux distribution due to the moving part. Because of the precision required in the mobile part displacement and the very small air gap of stepping motors, the simulation of the movement is assured by the Macro-Element (ME) technique compared to other movement techniques that present many disadvantages. The validity of the developed model is verified through the comparison of the computed displacement of the LSRSM moving part with those given experimentally [2]. The Results shows satisfactory agreement. The obtained dynamic characteristics, particularly the starting magnetic force, are obtained by considering two values of the supplying currents.展开更多
The Francis turbine governing system models in PSD-BPA can’t precisely reflect the actual characteristics. Endeavor was done in this paper to solve the problem. An improved model of actuating mechanism was developed,...The Francis turbine governing system models in PSD-BPA can’t precisely reflect the actual characteristics. Endeavor was done in this paper to solve the problem. An improved model of actuating mechanism was developed, which could reflect the step closing characteristic of hydro guide vanes. The effect of the inflection point value of actuating mechanism on load rejection was analyzed based on simulation. The non-linear Francis turbine model with power versus gate position module was researched in this paper. Based on field test, comparisons of simulation results with measured data were presented. The analysis demonstrates that the improved models of Francis turbine and governor proposed in this paper are more realistic than the models of BPA, and can be applied in power system simulation analysis better.展开更多
In this paper, the generalized feature concept is put forward according to concurrent engineering. An integrated product model is established based on the generalized feature according to STEP in order to provide enri...In this paper, the generalized feature concept is put forward according to concurrent engineering. An integrated product model is established based on the generalized feature according to STEP in order to provide enrichment information for product concurrent development process. The integration of the information and function of CAD/CAPP can be realized based on the integrated product model that supports concurrent engineering. IPM has been used successfully in product concurrent development.展开更多
A backward differentiation formula (BDF) has been shown to be an effective way to solve a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that have some degree of stiffness. However, sometimes, due to high-frequency ...A backward differentiation formula (BDF) has been shown to be an effective way to solve a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that have some degree of stiffness. However, sometimes, due to high-frequency variations in the external time series of boundary conditions, a small time-step is required to solve the ODE system throughout the entire simulation period, which can lead to a high computational cost, slower response, and need for more memory resources. One possible strategy to overcome this problem is to dynamically adjust the time-step with respect to the system’s stiffness. Therefore, small time-steps can be applied when needed, and larger time-steps can be used when allowable. This paper presents a new algorithm for adjusting the dynamic time-step based on a BDF discretization method. The parameters used to dynamically adjust the size of the time-step can be optimally specified to result in a minimum computation time and reasonable accuracy for a particular case of ODEs. The proposed algorithm was applied to solve the system of ODEs obtained from an activated sludge model (ASM) for biological wastewater treatment processes. The algorithm was tested for various solver parameters, and the optimum set of three adjustable parameters that represented minimum computation time was identified. In addition, the accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated for various sets of solver parameters.展开更多
A distributed model predictive control(MPC) scheme with one-step delay communication is proposed for on-line optimization and control of large-scale systems in this paper. Cooperation between subsystems is achieved by...A distributed model predictive control(MPC) scheme with one-step delay communication is proposed for on-line optimization and control of large-scale systems in this paper. Cooperation between subsystems is achieved by exchanging information with neighbor-to-neighbor communication and by optimizing the local problem with the improved performance index in the neighborhood. A distributed MPC algorithm with one-step delay communication is developed for the situation that there is a one-step delay in the information available from its neighbors when a subsystem solves the local optimization problem. The nominal stability is employed for the whole system under the distributed MPC algorithm without the inequality constraints. Finally, the case study of the reactor-storage-separator(RSS) system is illustrated to test the practicality of the presented control algorithm.展开更多
This paper presents a V-model of e-learning using the well-known Gagne nine steps for quality education. Our suggested model is based on our experience at the computer engineering departments at AL-Hussein Bin Talal U...This paper presents a V-model of e-learning using the well-known Gagne nine steps for quality education. Our suggested model is based on our experience at the computer engineering departments at AL-Hussein Bin Talal University, the University of Jordan and Albalqa Applied University. We applied the recommendations of the nine steps methodology to the e-learning environment. The V model suggested in this paper came up as a result of such application. Although this V model can be subject to some tuning and development in the future it proved to be highly efficient and easy to implement for the teacher and the student.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Owing to age-related physiological declines,elderly patients undergoing radical gastrectomy(RG)often experience physical and psychological challenges.Hence,appropriate nursing strategies need to be identified for optimizing patient outcomes.AIM To evaluate the effects of the Neuman Systems Model-guided stepped care intervention(NGSC)model on postoperative physical and psychological recovery in elderly patients with gastric cancer who underwent RG.METHODS In total,80 elderly patients(≥65 years old)who underwent RG at the Shanxi Fenyang Hospital between January 2023 and June 2024 were included and randomly divided as follows:Control group(n=40,those receiving conventional stepped care intervention);observation group(n=40,those receiving NGSC).Postoperative recovery indices,anxiety/depression scores(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale/Self-Rating Depression Scale),quality of life(36-item short form health survey),and adverse event rates were compared between the groups.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the observation group presented significantly shorter recovery times for first bowel sounds,ambulation,flatus,oral intake,catheter removal,and hospitalization(all P<0.05).Notably,in the observation group,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale/Self-Rating Depression Scale scores and the adverse event rate were significantly lower(all P<0.05),whereas 36-item short form health survey scores were higher(P<0.05),compared with those in the control group.CONCLUSION Overall,the findings of this study show that the proposed NGSC model accelerates postoperative recovery,alleviates psychological distress,improves quality of life,and reduces complications in elderly patients with gastric cancer who underwent RG,presenting potential for clinical application.
文摘The paper presents our contribution to the full 3D finite element modelling of a hybrid stepping motor using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This type of four-phase motor has a permanent magnet interposed between the two identical and coaxial half stators. The calculation of the field with or without current in the windings (respectively with or without permanent magnet) is done using a mixed formulation with strong coupling. In addition, the local high saturation of the ferromagnetic material and the radial and axial components of the magnetic flux are taken into account. The results obtained make it possible to clearly observe, as a function of the intensity of the bus current or the remanent induction, the saturation zones, the lines, the orientations and the magnetic flux densities. 3D finite element modelling provide more accurate numerical data on the magnetic field through multiphysics analysis. This analysis considers the actual operating conditions and leads to the design of an optimized machine structure, with or without current in the windings and/or permanent magnet.
文摘A unified breakdown model of SOI RESURF device with uniform,step,or linear drift region doping profile is firstly proposed.By the model,the electric field distribution and breakdown voltage are researched in detail for the step numbers from 0 to infinity.The critic electric field as the function of the geometry parameters and doping profile is derived.For the thick film device,linear doping profile can be replaced by a single or two steps doping profile in the drift region due to a considerable uniformly lateral electric field,almost ideal breakdown voltage,and simplified design and fabrication.The availability of the proposed model is verified by the good accordance among the analytical results,numerical simulations,and reported experiments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51079157)
文摘A growing interest has been devoted to the contra-rotating propellers （CRPs） due to their high propulsive efficiency, torque balance, low fuel consumption, low cavitations, low noise performance and low hull vibration. Compared with the single-screw system, it is more difficult for the open water performance prediction because forward and aft propellers interact with each other and generate a more complicated flow field around the CRPs system. The current work focuses on the open water performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers by RANS and sliding mesh method considering the effect of computational time step size and turbulence model. The validation study has been performed on two sets of contra-rotating propellers developed by David W Taylor Naval Ship R ＆ D center. Compared with the experimental data, it shows that RANS with sliding mesh method and SST k-ω turbulence model has a good precision in the open water performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers, and small time step size can improve the level of accuracy for CRPs with the same blade number of forward and aft propellers, while a relatively large time step size is a better choice for CRPs with different blade numbers.
基金Project supported by the National Council for Science and Tech-nology of Mexico (CONACYT)
文摘During the last three decades, the introduction of new construction materials (e.g. RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete), strengthened gabions) has increased the interest for stepped channels and spillways. However stepped chute hydraulics is not simple, because of different flow regimes and importantly because of very-strong interactions between entrained air and turbu- lence. In this study, new air-water flow measurements were conducted in two large-size stepped chute facilities with two step heights in each facility to study experimental distortion caused by scale effects and the soundness of result extrapolation to pro- totypes. Experimental data included distributions of air concentration, air-water flow velocity, bubble frequency, bubble chord length and air-water flow turbulence intensity. For a Froude similitude, the results implied that scale effects were observed in both facilities, although the geometric scaling ratio was only Lr=2 in each case. The selection of the criterion for scale effects is a critical issue. For example, major differences (i.e. scale effects) were observed in terms of bubble chord sizes and turbulence levels al- though little scale effects were seen in terms of void fraction and velocity distributions. Overall the findings emphasize that physical modelling of stepped chutes based upon a Froude similitude is more sensitive to scale effects than classical smooth-invert chute studies, and this is consistent with basic dimensional analysis developed herein.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50678032 and No. 90715042)Key Project of Ministry of Education of China (No. 210176)
文摘Model tests and numerical analyses of stepped reinforced retaining wall were performed to investigate the effects of rheology of backfill and creep of geogrids on the long-term performance of the structure.The geogrid tensions,soil pressures,wall deformations and foundation pressure were measured during model construction and loading.A visco-elasto-plastic model and an empirical nonlinear visco-elastic model were utilized to simulate the stresses and deformations of geogrid-reinforced earth-retaining wall under long-term loads.By comparing test data with numerical results,it is shown that the foundation pressure distribution is nonlinear,and the lateral constraint of geogrids for backfill can cause a redistribution of foundation pressure.The curve of soil pressure is outside convex at each step initially,and it is close to the distribution for the case of vertical wall subsequently.The variation trend of geogrid tensions at different heights is obtained.Moreover,the failure mechanism and development mode of potential slip surface in retaining wall are proposed.
基金Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. 0300YQ000101. Partly supported by the National Natural Sci
文摘Errors due to split time stepping are discussed for an explicit free–surface ocean model. In commonly used split time stepping, the way of time integration for the barotropic momentum equation is not compatible with that of the baroclinic one. The baroclinic equation has three–time–level structure because of leapfrog scheme. The barotropic one, however, has two–time–level structure when represented in terms of the baroclinic time level, on which the baroclinic one is integrated. This incompatibility results in the splitting errors as shown in this paper. The proper split time stepping is therefore proposed in such a way that the compatibility is kept between the barotropic and baroclinic equations. Its splitting errors are shown extremely small, so that it is particularly relevant to long–term integration for climate studies. It is applied to a free–surface model for the North Pacific Ocean.
基金Project supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60906038 and 61076082)
文摘Based on the theoretical and experimental investigation of a thin silicon layer（TSL） with linear variable doping（LVD） and further research on the TSL LVD with a multiple step field plate（MSFP）,a breakdown voltage（BV） model is proposed and experimentally verified in this paper.With the two-dimensional Poisson equation of the silicon on insulator（SOI） device,the lateral electric field in drift region of the thin silicon layer is assumed to be constant.For the SOI device with LVD in the thin silicon layer,the dependence of the BV on impurity concentration under the drain is investigated by an enhanced dielectric layer field（ENDIF）,from which the reduced surface field（RESURF） condition is deduced.The drain in the centre of the device has a good self-isolation effect,but the problem of the high voltage interconnection（HVI） line will become serious.The two step field plates including the source field plate and gate field plate can be adopted to shield the HVI adverse effect on the device.Based on this model,the TSL LVD SOI n-channel lateral double-diffused MOSFET（nLDMOS） with MSFP is realized.The experimental breakdown voltage（BV） and specific on-resistance（R on,sp） of the TSL LVD SOI device are 694 V and 21.3 ·mm 2 with a drift region length of 60 μm,buried oxide layer of 3 μm,and silicon layer of 0.15 μm,respectively.
基金Department of Science and Technology,Government of India for providing financial support under the scheme FIST(No.SR/FST/ETI-388/2015)。
文摘Fixture design and planning is one of the most important manufacturing activities, playing a pivotal role in deciding the lead time for product development. Fixture design, which affects the part-quality in terms of geometric accuracy and surface finish, can be enhanced by using the product manufacturing information(PMI) stored in the neutral standard for the exchange of product model data(STEP) file, thereby integrating design and manufacturing. The present paper proposes a unique fixture design approach, to extract the geometry information from STEP application protocol(AP) 242 files of computer aided design(CAD) models, for providing automatic suggestions of locator positions and clamping surfaces. Automatic feature extraction software "FiXplan", developed using the programming language C#, is used to extract the part feature, dimension and geometry information. The information from the STEP AP 242 file is deduced using geometric reasoning techniques, which in turn is utilized for fixture planning. The developed software is observed to be adept in identifying the primary, secondary, and tertiary locating faces and locator position configurations of prismatic components. Structural analysis of the prismatic part under different locator positions was performed using commercial finite element method software, ABAQUS, and the optimized locator position was identified on the basis of minimum deformation of the workpiece.The area-ratio(base locator enclosed area(%)/work piece base area(%)) for the ideal locator configuration was observed as 33%. Experiments were conducted on a prismatic workpiece using a specially designed fixture, for different locator configurations. The surface roughness and waviness of the machined surfaces were analysed using an Alicona non-contact optical profilometer. The best surface characteristics were obtained for the surface machined under the ideal locator positions having an area-ratio of 33%, thus validating the predicted numerical results. The efficiency, capability and applicability of the developed software is demonstrated for the finishing operation of a sensor cover – a typical prismatic component having applications in the naval industry, under different locator configurations.The best results were obtained under the proposed ideal locator configuration of area-ratio 33%.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51075187)
文摘A membrane element model with bending modification based on element moment equilibrium is proposed for the first time by the authors, who apply the element model in one step inverse method and simulate the forming process of a flower-shaped box using the membrane element model with and without this modification. The numerical results are compared with those of the incremental method to verify the validity of the element model developed in this paper.
文摘In this paper, we propose an electromagnetic-mechanical model based on the finite element and Macro-Element (ME) technique to analyse and study the dynamic characteristics of a Tubular Linear Switched Reluctance Stepping Motor (LSRSM). After the resolution of the non-linear electromagnetic equation governing the behaviour of the different materials of the motor using the nodal-based finite element method, this equation is then coupled to the mechanical equation firstly through the magnetic force computed by Maxwell stress tensor, and secondly by the modified flux distribution due to the moving part. Because of the precision required in the mobile part displacement and the very small air gap of stepping motors, the simulation of the movement is assured by the Macro-Element (ME) technique compared to other movement techniques that present many disadvantages. The validity of the developed model is verified through the comparison of the computed displacement of the LSRSM moving part with those given experimentally [2]. The Results shows satisfactory agreement. The obtained dynamic characteristics, particularly the starting magnetic force, are obtained by considering two values of the supplying currents.
文摘The Francis turbine governing system models in PSD-BPA can’t precisely reflect the actual characteristics. Endeavor was done in this paper to solve the problem. An improved model of actuating mechanism was developed, which could reflect the step closing characteristic of hydro guide vanes. The effect of the inflection point value of actuating mechanism on load rejection was analyzed based on simulation. The non-linear Francis turbine model with power versus gate position module was researched in this paper. Based on field test, comparisons of simulation results with measured data were presented. The analysis demonstrates that the improved models of Francis turbine and governor proposed in this paper are more realistic than the models of BPA, and can be applied in power system simulation analysis better.
文摘In this paper, the generalized feature concept is put forward according to concurrent engineering. An integrated product model is established based on the generalized feature according to STEP in order to provide enrichment information for product concurrent development process. The integration of the information and function of CAD/CAPP can be realized based on the integrated product model that supports concurrent engineering. IPM has been used successfully in product concurrent development.
文摘A backward differentiation formula (BDF) has been shown to be an effective way to solve a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that have some degree of stiffness. However, sometimes, due to high-frequency variations in the external time series of boundary conditions, a small time-step is required to solve the ODE system throughout the entire simulation period, which can lead to a high computational cost, slower response, and need for more memory resources. One possible strategy to overcome this problem is to dynamically adjust the time-step with respect to the system’s stiffness. Therefore, small time-steps can be applied when needed, and larger time-steps can be used when allowable. This paper presents a new algorithm for adjusting the dynamic time-step based on a BDF discretization method. The parameters used to dynamically adjust the size of the time-step can be optimally specified to result in a minimum computation time and reasonable accuracy for a particular case of ODEs. The proposed algorithm was applied to solve the system of ODEs obtained from an activated sludge model (ASM) for biological wastewater treatment processes. The algorithm was tested for various solver parameters, and the optimum set of three adjustable parameters that represented minimum computation time was identified. In addition, the accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated for various sets of solver parameters.
基金supported by the Mathematics and Physics Foundation of Beijing Polytechnic University and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 40536029)
文摘Explicit solutions are derived for some nonlinear physical model equations by using a delicate way of two-step ansatz method.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61203110)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.13ZR1418900)the Innovation Programs of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Nos.12ZZ155 and 14YZ107)
文摘A distributed model predictive control(MPC) scheme with one-step delay communication is proposed for on-line optimization and control of large-scale systems in this paper. Cooperation between subsystems is achieved by exchanging information with neighbor-to-neighbor communication and by optimizing the local problem with the improved performance index in the neighborhood. A distributed MPC algorithm with one-step delay communication is developed for the situation that there is a one-step delay in the information available from its neighbors when a subsystem solves the local optimization problem. The nominal stability is employed for the whole system under the distributed MPC algorithm without the inequality constraints. Finally, the case study of the reactor-storage-separator(RSS) system is illustrated to test the practicality of the presented control algorithm.
文摘This paper presents a V-model of e-learning using the well-known Gagne nine steps for quality education. Our suggested model is based on our experience at the computer engineering departments at AL-Hussein Bin Talal University, the University of Jordan and Albalqa Applied University. We applied the recommendations of the nine steps methodology to the e-learning environment. The V model suggested in this paper came up as a result of such application. Although this V model can be subject to some tuning and development in the future it proved to be highly efficient and easy to implement for the teacher and the student.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （60504026, 60674041） and National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （863 Program）（2006AA04Z173）.
