The intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulators in the Mn-Bi-Te family,composed of superlattice-like MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/(Bi_(2)Te_(3))_(n)(n=0,1,2,3,...)layered structure,present intriguing states of matter such as...The intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulators in the Mn-Bi-Te family,composed of superlattice-like MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/(Bi_(2)Te_(3))_(n)(n=0,1,2,3,...)layered structure,present intriguing states of matter such as quantum anomalous Hall effect and the axion insulator.However,the surface state gap,which is the prerequisite for the observation of these states,remains elusive.Here by molecular beam epitaxy,we obtain two types of MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films with the exclusive Bi_(2)Te_(3)(BT)or MnBi_(2)Te_(4)(MBT)terminations.By scanning tunneling spectroscopy,the mass terms in the surface states are identified on both surface terminations.Experimental results reveal the existence of a hybridization gap of approximately 23 meV in surface states on the BT termination.This gap comes from the hybridization between the surface states and the spin-split states in the adjacent MBT layer.On the MBT termination,an exchange mass term of about 28±2 meV in surface states is identified by taking magnetic-field-dependent Landau level spectra as well as theoretical simulations.In addition,the mass term varies with the field in the film with a heavy BiMn doping level in the Mn layers.These findings demonstrate the existence of mass terms in surface states on both types of terminations in our epitaxial MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films investigated by local probes.展开更多
We propose a novel approach to generate and manipulate topological Floquet bound states in the continuum(BICs)via a class of systems constructed by coupling two identical periodically driven one-dimensional Su-Schrief...We propose a novel approach to generate and manipulate topological Floquet bound states in the continuum(BICs)via a class of systems constructed by coupling two identical periodically driven one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains.The formation of topological Floquet BICs can be adjusted only by tuning the driving amplitude or frequency,regardless of whether the static system has BICs or not.The interchain bias can only change the localization property of topological Floquet BICs,and a bigger bias can lead to transforming topological Floquet BICs into bound states out of the continuum(BOCs).But it does not change the topological properties of these topological Floquet states.Based on the repulsion effect of edge states,we propose to detect occurrence of topological Floquet BICs and transition point between topological Floquet BICs and BOCs using quantum walk.Our work provided a convenient and realistic approach for the experimental realization and manipulation of BICs in a single-particle quantum system.展开更多
Higher-order topological insulators,which host topologically protected states at boundaries that are at least two dimensions lower than the bulk,are an emerging class of topological materials.They provide great opport...Higher-order topological insulators,which host topologically protected states at boundaries that are at least two dimensions lower than the bulk,are an emerging class of topological materials.They provide great opportunities for exploring novel topological phenomena and fascinating applications.Utilizing a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope,we construct breathing-kagome lattices with Fe adatoms on Ag(111)and investigate their electronic properties.We observe the higher-order topological boundary states in the topological phase but not in the trivial one,which is consistent with the theory.These states are found to be robust against the removal of bulk or edge adatoms.Further,we show the arbitrary positioning of these states either at corner,edge,or bulk sites by slightly modifying their neighbors.Our study not only demonstrates the formation and robustness of the electronic higher-order topological boundary states in real atomic systems but also provides a route for controlling their positions.展开更多
The quantum geometric tensor(QGT)is a fundamental quantity for characterizing the geometric properties of quantum states and plays an essential role in elucidating various physical phenomena.The traditional QGT,defned...The quantum geometric tensor(QGT)is a fundamental quantity for characterizing the geometric properties of quantum states and plays an essential role in elucidating various physical phenomena.The traditional QGT,defned only for pure states,has limited applicability in realistic scenarios where mixed states are common.To address this limitation,we generalize the defnition of the QGT to mixed states using the purifcation bundle and the covariant derivative.Notably,our proposed defnition reduces to the traditional QGT when mixed states approach pure states.In our framework,the real and imaginary parts of this generalized QGT correspond to the Bures metric and the mean gauge curvature,respectively,endowing it with a broad range of potential applications.Additionally,using our proposed mixed-state QGT,we derive the geodesic equation applicable to mixed states.This work establishes a unifed framework for the geometric analysis of both pure and mixed states,thereby deepening our understanding of the geometric properties of quantum states.展开更多
The fractional shortcut to adiabaticity(f-STA)for the production of quantum superposition states is proposed firstly via a three-level system with aΛ-type linkage pattern and a four-level system with a tripod structu...The fractional shortcut to adiabaticity(f-STA)for the production of quantum superposition states is proposed firstly via a three-level system with aΛ-type linkage pattern and a four-level system with a tripod structure.The fast and robust production of the coherent superposition states is studied by comparing the populations for the f-STA and the fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage(f-STIRAP).The states with equal proportions can be produced by fixing the controllable parameters of the driving pulses at the final moment of the whole process.The effects of the pulse intensity and the time delay of the pulses on the production process are discussed by monitoring the populations on all of the quantum states.In particular,the spontaneous emission arising from the intermediate state is investigated by the quantum master equation.The result reveals that the f-STA exhibits superior advantages over the f-STIRAP in producing the superposition states.展开更多
We study the topological states(TSs)of all-dielectric honeycomb valley photonic crystals(VPCs).Breaking the space inversion symmetry of the honeycomb lattice by varying the filling ratio of materials for circular ring...We study the topological states(TSs)of all-dielectric honeycomb valley photonic crystals(VPCs).Breaking the space inversion symmetry of the honeycomb lattice by varying the filling ratio of materials for circular ring dielectric columns in the unit cell,which triggers topological phase transitions and thus achieves topological edge states(TESs)and topological corner states(TCSs).The results demonstrate that this structure has efficient photon transmission characteristics and anti-scattering robustness.In particular,we have found that changing the type of edge splicing between VPCs with different topological properties produces a change in the frequency of TCSs,and then based on this phenomenon,we have used a new method of adjusting only the type of edge splicing of the structure to design a novel TCSs combiner that can integrate four TCSs with different frequencies.This work not only expands the variety and number of unexplored TCSs that may exist in a fixed photonic band gap and can be rationalized to be selectively excited in the fixed configuration.Our study provides a feasible pathway for the design of integrated optical devices in which multiple TSs coexist in a single photonic system.展开更多
Topological band theory has been studied for free fermions for decades,and one of the most profound physical results is the bulk-boundary correspondence.Recently a focus in topological physics is extending topological...Topological band theory has been studied for free fermions for decades,and one of the most profound physical results is the bulk-boundary correspondence.Recently a focus in topological physics is extending topological classification to mixed states.Here,we focus on Gaussian mixed states for which the modular Hamiltonians of the density matrix are quadratic free fermion models with U(1)symmetry and can be classified by topological invariants.The bulk-boundary correspondence is then manifested as stable gapless modes of the modular Hamiltonian and degenerate spectrum of the density matrix.In this article,we show that these gapless modes can be detected by the full counting statistics,mathematically described by a function introduced as F(θ).A divergent derivative atθ=πcan be used to probe the gapless modes in the modular Hamiltonian.Based on this,a topological indicator,whose quantization to unity senses topologically nontrivial mixed states,is introduced.We present the physical intuition of these results and also demonstrate these results with concrete models in both one-and two-dimensions.Our results pave the way for revealing the physical significance of topology in mixed states.展开更多
The effects of plasma screening on the ^(1)P^(o) resonance states of H-and He below the n=3 and n=4 thresholds of the respective subsystemsare investigated using the stabilization method and correlated exponential wav...The effects of plasma screening on the ^(1)P^(o) resonance states of H-and He below the n=3 and n=4 thresholds of the respective subsystemsare investigated using the stabilization method and correlated exponential wave functions.Two plasma mediums,namely,the Debye plasma and quantum plasma environments are considered.The screened Coulomb potential(SCP)obtained from Debye-Hückel model is used to represent Debye plasma environments and the exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential(ECSCP)obtained from a modified Debye-Hückel model is used to represent quantum plasma environments.The resonance parameters(resonance positions and widths)are presented in terms of the screening parameters.展开更多
This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and stru...This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and structural response of the platform are studied,considering the actual platform motion and free surface rise under extreme sea states.First,the effects of the wave frequency and direction on the wave-induced loads and dynamic responses were examined.The motion at a wave direction angle of 0°is relatively low.On this basis,the angle constrained by the two sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters should be aligned with the main wave direction to avoid significant platform motion under extreme sea states.Additionally,the structural response of the platform,including the wave-absorbing floaters,is investigated.The results highlighted that the conditions or locations where yielding,buckling,and fatigue failures occur were different.In this context,the connection area of the Sharp Eagle floaters and platform is prone to yielding failure under oblique wave action,whereas the pontoon and side of the Sharp Eagle floaters are prone to buckling failure during significant vertical motion.Additionally,fatigue damage is most likely to occur at the connection between the middle column on both sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters and the pontoons.The findings of this paper revealed an intrinsic connection between wave-induced loads and the dynamic and structural responses of the platform,which provides a useful reference for the improved design of WECs.展开更多
Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enh...Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enhance their advantages and maximize their performance.This study presents a design for a dielectric metasurface that achieves dual-band BICs in the terahertz(THz)range.By adjusting two asym-metry parameters of the structure,independent control of the two symmetry-protected BICs is achieved.Fur-thermore,by varying the shape of the silicon holes,the design's robustness to geometric variations is demon-strated.Finally,the test results show that the figures of merit(FOMs)for both BICs reach 109.This work provides a new approach for realizing and tuning dual-frequency BICs,offering expanded possibilities for applications in multimode lasers,nonlinear optics,multi-channel filtering,and optical sensing.展开更多
We connect magic(non-stabilizer)states,symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures(SIC-POVMs),and mutually unbiased bases(MUBs)in the context of group frames,and study their interplay.Magic st...We connect magic(non-stabilizer)states,symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures(SIC-POVMs),and mutually unbiased bases(MUBs)in the context of group frames,and study their interplay.Magic states are quantum resources in the stabilizer formalism of quantum computation.SIC-POVMs and MUBs are fundamental structures in quantum information theory with many applications in quantum foundations,quantum state tomography,and quantum cryptography,etc.In this work,we study group frames constructed from some prominent magic states,and further investigate their applications.Our method exploits the orbit of discrete Heisenberg-Weyl group acting on an initial fiducial state.We quantify the distance of the group frames from SIC-POVMs and MUBs,respectively.As a simple corollary,we reproduce a complete family of MUBs of any prime dimensional system by introducing the concept of MUB fiducial states,analogous to the well-known SIC-POVM fiducial states.We present an intuitive and direct construction of MUB fiducial states via quantum T-gates,and demonstrate that for the qubit system,there are twelve MUB fiducial states,which coincide with the H-type magic states.We compare MUB fiducial states and SIC-POVM fiducial states from the perspective of magic resource for stabilizer quantum computation.We further pose the challenging issue of identifying all MUB fiducial states in general dimensions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers.Several reproductive and hormonal risk factors,including early menarche,late menopause,limited use of oral contraceptives,and...BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers.Several reproductive and hormonal risk factors,including early menarche,late menopause,limited use of oral contraceptives,and a low pregnancy rate,have been identified as contributors to the increased susceptibility to ovarian cancer.Advancements in cancer therapy over the past century,including the emergence of precision oncology,underscore the importance of early detection and tailored interventions,factors particularly critical in ovarian cancer,where late-stage diagnosis remains a persistent barrier to survival.This challenge is compounded by the lack of a universally endorsed screening program,resulting in late-stage identification and widespread metastasis.AIM To evaluate demographic differences in ovarian cancer-related mortality from 1999 to 2020 among adult females aged≥25 years within the United States.METHODS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was used to collect de-identified death certificate data for malignant neoplasm of the ovaries related deaths in female adults aged 25 years and older from the year 1999 to 2020.Crude mortality rates and age-adjusted mortality rates(AAMRs)per 100000 people were calculated.Join point regression program was used to assess annual percent changes in mortality trends,with statistical significance set at P value<0.05.RESULTS Between 1999 and 2020,337619 deaths due to ovarian cancer occurred among United States females aged 25 to>85.The AAMR decreased from 14.62 in 1999 to 10.15 in 2020,with significant declines across various demographics.The AAMRs were highest among non-Hispanic White women,i.e.,13.53.Based on region,they were the highest in the Northeast(13.06)and Midwest(12.94).The steepest decline was observed in metropolitan areas as compared to nonmetropolitan ones.The study highlights significant progress in reducing ovarian cancer mortality across age,race/ethnicity,and geographic regions during this period.CONCLUSION The mortality trends for ovarian carcinoma patients showed an overall decrease,with the highest mortality rates observed among older individuals(65 to>85 years)and non-Hispanic Whites.These disparities underscore the need for equitable healthcare access and targeted policy interventions.展开更多
Bismuth oxyselenide(Bi_(2)O_(2)Se),a novel quasi-two-dimensional charge-carrying semiconductor,is recognized as one of the most promising emerging platforms for next-generation semiconductor devices.Recent advancement...Bismuth oxyselenide(Bi_(2)O_(2)Se),a novel quasi-two-dimensional charge-carrying semiconductor,is recognized as one of the most promising emerging platforms for next-generation semiconductor devices.Recent advancements in the development of diverse Bi_(2)O_(2)Se heterojunctions have unveiled extensive potential applications in both electronics and optoelectronics.However,achieving an in-depth understanding of band alignment and particularly interface dynamics remains a significant challenge.In this study,we conduct a comprehensive experimental investigation into band alignment utilizing high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(HRXPS),while also thoroughly discussing the properties of interface states.Our findings reveal that ultrathin films of Bi_(2)O_(2)Se grown on SrTiO_(3)(with TiO_(2)(001)termination)exhibit Type-I(straddling gap)band alignment characterized by a valence band offset(VBO)of approximately 1.77±0.04 eV and a conduction band offset(CBO)around 0.68±0.04 eV.Notably,when accounting for the influence of interface states,the bands at the interface display a herringbone configuration due to substantial built-in electric fields,which markedly deviate from conventional band alignments.Thus,our results provide valuable insights for advancing high-efficiency electronic and optoelectronic devices,particularly those where charge transfer is highly sensitive to interface states.展开更多
In January 2025,the United States issued executive orders that could potentially curtail lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer,and other sexual and gender minorities(LGBTQ+)rights and federal aid to developing countr...In January 2025,the United States issued executive orders that could potentially curtail lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer,and other sexual and gender minorities(LGBTQ+)rights and federal aid to developing countries,such as public health programs under the United States Agency for International Development(USAID)[1,2].In the Philippines,USAID has played an important role in funding and supporting initiatives to address the country’s local HIV epidemic[2,3].展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to show that by using a certain type of discrete-continuous limit, a series of integral entities can be defined(Mittag-Leffler multi-index functions, associated coherent states and their p...The purpose of this paper is to show that by using a certain type of discrete-continuous limit, a series of integral entities can be defined(Mittag-Leffler multi-index functions, associated coherent states and their properties), which are counterparts of the corresponding discrete entities. We built and examine the properties of a new aspect of generalized integral multi-index Mittag-Leffler functions and we constructed and examined the properties of coherent states associated with this new function. This approach is motivated through the fact that these functions can be connected with the coherent states of the continuous spectrum, as well as with so-called nu-function.展开更多
By measuring scanning tunneling spectroscopy on some large Bi islands deposited on FeTe_(0.55)Se_(0.45)superconductors,we observe clear in-gap edge states with double peaks at about±1.0 me V on the spectra measur...By measuring scanning tunneling spectroscopy on some large Bi islands deposited on FeTe_(0.55)Se_(0.45)superconductors,we observe clear in-gap edge states with double peaks at about±1.0 me V on the spectra measured near the perimeter of the islands.This feature is very different from the single zero-energy peak observed on some other small Bi islands.The edge states spread towards the inner side of the islands over a width of 2-3 nm.The two edge-state peaks at positive and negative energies move to higher values with the increase of the magnetic field,and they disappear near the transition temperature of FeTe_(0.55)Se_(0.45).Meanwhile,enhanced superconducting gaps are observed in the central regions of these Bi islands,which may be induced by the enhanced pair potential of the topological surface state.Our observations provide a valuable message for the edge state and the proximity-induced superconductivity on specific Bi islands grown on FeTe_(0.55)Se_(0.45)substrate.展开更多
Numerous efforts have been devoted to altering the dynamic covalent linkers between the drug structural units in polyprodrugs from the viewpoint of molecular structure;however,the effect of their aggregation states ha...Numerous efforts have been devoted to altering the dynamic covalent linkers between the drug structural units in polyprodrugs from the viewpoint of molecular structure;however,the effect of their aggregation states has not yet been explored.Here,the effect of aggregation states on the in vitro drug release and cytotoxicity was investigated using a pH/glutathione(GSH)co-triggered degradable doxorubicin(DOX)-based polyprodrug(PDOX)as a model,which was synthesized by the facile polymerization of a pH/GSH dual-triggered dimeric prodrug(DDOX_(ss))and 2,2-dimethoxypropane(DMP)by forming acid-labile ketal bond.Owing to the pH/GSH dual-triggered disulfide/α-amide and acid-labile ketal linkers between the DOX structural units,the resultant PDOX exhibited excellent pH/GSH co-triggered DOX release.With a similar diameter,the PDOX-NPs1 nanomedicines via fast precipitation showed faster DOX release than PDOX-NPs2 via slow self-assembly,regardless of their polymerization degree(DP).The effect of aggregation states is expected to be a secondary strategy for a more desired tumor intracellular microenvironment-responsive drug delivery for tumor chemotherapy,in addition to the molecular structures of polyprodrugs as drug self-delivery systems(DSDSs).展开更多
A theory based on the superposition principle is developed to uncover the basic physics of wave behavior in a finite grating of N unit cells.The theory reveals that bound states in the continuum(BICs)of infinite quali...A theory based on the superposition principle is developed to uncover the basic physics of wave behavior in a finite grating of N unit cells.The theory reveals that bound states in the continuum(BICs)of infinite quality factor(Q-factor)can be supported by such a grating when perfect reflection is introduced at its boundaries.If geometrical perturbations are introduced into the structure,the dark BICs transform into bright quasi-BICs with finite Q-factor,maintaining spectral characteristics nearly identical to those of quasi-BICs supported by infinite gratings.When the boundaries are replaced with high-reflectivity metallic mirrors,the Q-factor of the resonant mode is reduced to be finite;however,it can be much larger than that in the corresponding nanostructure with open boundaries and can be tuned over a large range by varying the number of unit cells or boundary conditions.展开更多
Quantum algorithms offer more enhanced computational efficiency in comparison to their classical counterparts when solving specific tasks.In this study,we implement the quantum permutation algorithm utilizing a polar ...Quantum algorithms offer more enhanced computational efficiency in comparison to their classical counterparts when solving specific tasks.In this study,we implement the quantum permutation algorithm utilizing a polar molecule within an external electric field.The selection of the molecular qutrit involves the utilization of field-dressed states generated through the pendular modes of SrO.Through the application of multi-target optimal control theory,we strategically design microwave pulses to execute logical operations,including Fourier transform,oracle U_(f)operation,and inverse Fourier transform within a three-level molecular qutrit structure.The observed high fidelity of our outcomes is intricately linked to the concept of the quantum speed limit,which quantifies the maximum speed of quantum state manipulation.Subsequently,we design the optimized pulse sequence to successfully simulate the quantum permutation algorithm on a single SrO molecule,achieving remarkable fidelity.Consequently,a quantum circuit comprising a single qutrit suffices to determine permutation parity with just a single function evaluation.Therefore,our results indicate that the optimal control theory can be well applied to the quantum computation of polar molecular systems.展开更多
Applying a perpendicular electric field to bilayer graphene(BLG)induces an electrically tunable bandgap,so that insulating states with resistances exceeding~10^(8)Ωcan be generated.These high-resistance states pinch ...Applying a perpendicular electric field to bilayer graphene(BLG)induces an electrically tunable bandgap,so that insulating states with resistances exceeding~10^(8)Ωcan be generated.These high-resistance states pinch off the conducting channel,thereby enabling high-quality gated devices for classical and quantum electronics.However,it is challenging to precisely quantify these states electrically due to their high resistances,especially when different areas of the device are operated in different high-resistance states.Here,taking advantage of the strong acoustoelectric effect,we demonstrate the detection of these high-resistance states in a multi-gated BLG device using surface acoustic waves.Under different gating configurations,the device is operated in different high-resistance states.Although these states have similar resistances of~10^(8)Ω,we show their acoustoelectric responses exhibit pronounced differences,thereby allowing the acoustic detection.More interestingly,we demonstrate that when the conducting channel is pinched off by one top gate,we are still able to acoustically,but not electrically,detect the gating effect of another top gate.Our results reveal the powerful capability and the promising future of acoustically characterizing BLG and other two-dimensional materials,especially their electronic states with high resistances.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1403102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474478,92065102,and 61804056).
文摘The intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulators in the Mn-Bi-Te family,composed of superlattice-like MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/(Bi_(2)Te_(3))_(n)(n=0,1,2,3,...)layered structure,present intriguing states of matter such as quantum anomalous Hall effect and the axion insulator.However,the surface state gap,which is the prerequisite for the observation of these states,remains elusive.Here by molecular beam epitaxy,we obtain two types of MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films with the exclusive Bi_(2)Te_(3)(BT)or MnBi_(2)Te_(4)(MBT)terminations.By scanning tunneling spectroscopy,the mass terms in the surface states are identified on both surface terminations.Experimental results reveal the existence of a hybridization gap of approximately 23 meV in surface states on the BT termination.This gap comes from the hybridization between the surface states and the spin-split states in the adjacent MBT layer.On the MBT termination,an exchange mass term of about 28±2 meV in surface states is identified by taking magnetic-field-dependent Landau level spectra as well as theoretical simulations.In addition,the mass term varies with the field in the film with a heavy BiMn doping level in the Mn layers.These findings demonstrate the existence of mass terms in surface states on both types of terminations in our epitaxial MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films investigated by local probes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175315 and 12205385)。
文摘We propose a novel approach to generate and manipulate topological Floquet bound states in the continuum(BICs)via a class of systems constructed by coupling two identical periodically driven one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains.The formation of topological Floquet BICs can be adjusted only by tuning the driving amplitude or frequency,regardless of whether the static system has BICs or not.The interchain bias can only change the localization property of topological Floquet BICs,and a bigger bias can lead to transforming topological Floquet BICs into bound states out of the continuum(BOCs).But it does not change the topological properties of these topological Floquet states.Based on the repulsion effect of edge states,we propose to detect occurrence of topological Floquet BICs and transition point between topological Floquet BICs and BOCs using quantum walk.Our work provided a convenient and realistic approach for the experimental realization and manipulation of BICs in a single-particle quantum system.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA140850,2022YFA1403601,and 2023YFC2410501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.12241402,12474059,12274203,12374113,and 12274204)。
文摘Higher-order topological insulators,which host topologically protected states at boundaries that are at least two dimensions lower than the bulk,are an emerging class of topological materials.They provide great opportunities for exploring novel topological phenomena and fascinating applications.Utilizing a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope,we construct breathing-kagome lattices with Fe adatoms on Ag(111)and investigate their electronic properties.We observe the higher-order topological boundary states in the topological phase but not in the trivial one,which is consistent with the theory.These states are found to be robust against the removal of bulk or edge adatoms.Further,we show the arbitrary positioning of these states either at corner,edge,or bulk sites by slightly modifying their neighbors.Our study not only demonstrates the formation and robustness of the electronic higher-order topological boundary states in real atomic systems but also provides a route for controlling their positions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12347104,U24A2017,12461160276,and 12175075)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC2205802)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20243060 and BK20233001)in part by the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,China。
文摘The quantum geometric tensor(QGT)is a fundamental quantity for characterizing the geometric properties of quantum states and plays an essential role in elucidating various physical phenomena.The traditional QGT,defned only for pure states,has limited applicability in realistic scenarios where mixed states are common.To address this limitation,we generalize the defnition of the QGT to mixed states using the purifcation bundle and the covariant derivative.Notably,our proposed defnition reduces to the traditional QGT when mixed states approach pure states.In our framework,the real and imaginary parts of this generalized QGT correspond to the Bures metric and the mean gauge curvature,respectively,endowing it with a broad range of potential applications.Additionally,using our proposed mixed-state QGT,we derive the geodesic equation applicable to mixed states.This work establishes a unifed framework for the geometric analysis of both pure and mixed states,thereby deepening our understanding of the geometric properties of quantum states.
基金supported by the NSF of China(Grant No.11405100)the Natural Science Basic Research Program in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant Nos.2020JM-507 and 2019JM-332)。
文摘The fractional shortcut to adiabaticity(f-STA)for the production of quantum superposition states is proposed firstly via a three-level system with aΛ-type linkage pattern and a four-level system with a tripod structure.The fast and robust production of the coherent superposition states is studied by comparing the populations for the f-STA and the fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage(f-STIRAP).The states with equal proportions can be produced by fixing the controllable parameters of the driving pulses at the final moment of the whole process.The effects of the pulse intensity and the time delay of the pulses on the production process are discussed by monitoring the populations on all of the quantum states.In particular,the spontaneous emission arising from the intermediate state is investigated by the quantum master equation.The result reveals that the f-STA exhibits superior advantages over the f-STIRAP in producing the superposition states.
文摘We study the topological states(TSs)of all-dielectric honeycomb valley photonic crystals(VPCs).Breaking the space inversion symmetry of the honeycomb lattice by varying the filling ratio of materials for circular ring dielectric columns in the unit cell,which triggers topological phase transitions and thus achieves topological edge states(TESs)and topological corner states(TCSs).The results demonstrate that this structure has efficient photon transmission characteristics and anti-scattering robustness.In particular,we have found that changing the type of edge splicing between VPCs with different topological properties produces a change in the frequency of TCSs,and then based on this phenomenon,we have used a new method of adjusting only the type of edge splicing of the structure to design a novel TCSs combiner that can integrate four TCSs with different frequencies.This work not only expands the variety and number of unexplored TCSs that may exist in a fixed photonic band gap and can be rationalized to be selectively excited in the fixed configuration.Our study provides a feasible pathway for the design of integrated optical devices in which multiple TSs coexist in a single photonic system.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406702)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology 2021ZD0302005+1 种基金the XPLORER Prizepartly supported by the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028624190)。
文摘Topological band theory has been studied for free fermions for decades,and one of the most profound physical results is the bulk-boundary correspondence.Recently a focus in topological physics is extending topological classification to mixed states.Here,we focus on Gaussian mixed states for which the modular Hamiltonians of the density matrix are quadratic free fermion models with U(1)symmetry and can be classified by topological invariants.The bulk-boundary correspondence is then manifested as stable gapless modes of the modular Hamiltonian and degenerate spectrum of the density matrix.In this article,we show that these gapless modes can be detected by the full counting statistics,mathematically described by a function introduced as F(θ).A divergent derivative atθ=πcan be used to probe the gapless modes in the modular Hamiltonian.Based on this,a topological indicator,whose quantization to unity senses topologically nontrivial mixed states,is introduced.We present the physical intuition of these results and also demonstrate these results with concrete models in both one-and two-dimensions.Our results pave the way for revealing the physical significance of topology in mixed states.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2024A025)。
文摘The effects of plasma screening on the ^(1)P^(o) resonance states of H-and He below the n=3 and n=4 thresholds of the respective subsystemsare investigated using the stabilization method and correlated exponential wave functions.Two plasma mediums,namely,the Debye plasma and quantum plasma environments are considered.The screened Coulomb potential(SCP)obtained from Debye-Hückel model is used to represent Debye plasma environments and the exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential(ECSCP)obtained from a modified Debye-Hückel model is used to represent quantum plasma environments.The resonance parameters(resonance positions and widths)are presented in terms of the screening parameters.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3003805)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2022356)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project(Grant No.2023A04J0955).
文摘This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and structural response of the platform are studied,considering the actual platform motion and free surface rise under extreme sea states.First,the effects of the wave frequency and direction on the wave-induced loads and dynamic responses were examined.The motion at a wave direction angle of 0°is relatively low.On this basis,the angle constrained by the two sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters should be aligned with the main wave direction to avoid significant platform motion under extreme sea states.Additionally,the structural response of the platform,including the wave-absorbing floaters,is investigated.The results highlighted that the conditions or locations where yielding,buckling,and fatigue failures occur were different.In this context,the connection area of the Sharp Eagle floaters and platform is prone to yielding failure under oblique wave action,whereas the pontoon and side of the Sharp Eagle floaters are prone to buckling failure during significant vertical motion.Additionally,fatigue damage is most likely to occur at the connection between the middle column on both sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters and the pontoons.The findings of this paper revealed an intrinsic connection between wave-induced loads and the dynamic and structural responses of the platform,which provides a useful reference for the improved design of WECs.
文摘Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enhance their advantages and maximize their performance.This study presents a design for a dielectric metasurface that achieves dual-band BICs in the terahertz(THz)range.By adjusting two asym-metry parameters of the structure,independent control of the two symmetry-protected BICs is achieved.Fur-thermore,by varying the shape of the silicon holes,the design's robustness to geometric variations is demon-strated.Finally,the test results show that the figures of merit(FOMs)for both BICs reach 109.This work provides a new approach for realizing and tuning dual-frequency BICs,offering expanded possibilities for applications in multimode lasers,nonlinear optics,multi-channel filtering,and optical sensing.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Grant No.2020YFA0712700the National Natural Science Foundation of China‘Mathematical Basic Theory of Quantum Computing’special project,Grant No.12341103。
文摘We connect magic(non-stabilizer)states,symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures(SIC-POVMs),and mutually unbiased bases(MUBs)in the context of group frames,and study their interplay.Magic states are quantum resources in the stabilizer formalism of quantum computation.SIC-POVMs and MUBs are fundamental structures in quantum information theory with many applications in quantum foundations,quantum state tomography,and quantum cryptography,etc.In this work,we study group frames constructed from some prominent magic states,and further investigate their applications.Our method exploits the orbit of discrete Heisenberg-Weyl group acting on an initial fiducial state.We quantify the distance of the group frames from SIC-POVMs and MUBs,respectively.As a simple corollary,we reproduce a complete family of MUBs of any prime dimensional system by introducing the concept of MUB fiducial states,analogous to the well-known SIC-POVM fiducial states.We present an intuitive and direct construction of MUB fiducial states via quantum T-gates,and demonstrate that for the qubit system,there are twelve MUB fiducial states,which coincide with the H-type magic states.We compare MUB fiducial states and SIC-POVM fiducial states from the perspective of magic resource for stabilizer quantum computation.We further pose the challenging issue of identifying all MUB fiducial states in general dimensions.
文摘BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers.Several reproductive and hormonal risk factors,including early menarche,late menopause,limited use of oral contraceptives,and a low pregnancy rate,have been identified as contributors to the increased susceptibility to ovarian cancer.Advancements in cancer therapy over the past century,including the emergence of precision oncology,underscore the importance of early detection and tailored interventions,factors particularly critical in ovarian cancer,where late-stage diagnosis remains a persistent barrier to survival.This challenge is compounded by the lack of a universally endorsed screening program,resulting in late-stage identification and widespread metastasis.AIM To evaluate demographic differences in ovarian cancer-related mortality from 1999 to 2020 among adult females aged≥25 years within the United States.METHODS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was used to collect de-identified death certificate data for malignant neoplasm of the ovaries related deaths in female adults aged 25 years and older from the year 1999 to 2020.Crude mortality rates and age-adjusted mortality rates(AAMRs)per 100000 people were calculated.Join point regression program was used to assess annual percent changes in mortality trends,with statistical significance set at P value<0.05.RESULTS Between 1999 and 2020,337619 deaths due to ovarian cancer occurred among United States females aged 25 to>85.The AAMR decreased from 14.62 in 1999 to 10.15 in 2020,with significant declines across various demographics.The AAMRs were highest among non-Hispanic White women,i.e.,13.53.Based on region,they were the highest in the Northeast(13.06)and Midwest(12.94).The steepest decline was observed in metropolitan areas as compared to nonmetropolitan ones.The study highlights significant progress in reducing ovarian cancer mortality across age,race/ethnicity,and geographic regions during this period.CONCLUSION The mortality trends for ovarian carcinoma patients showed an overall decrease,with the highest mortality rates observed among older individuals(65 to>85 years)and non-Hispanic Whites.These disparities underscore the need for equitable healthcare access and targeted policy interventions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072059,12304078,12274061 and 11774044)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2024NSFSC1384).
文摘Bismuth oxyselenide(Bi_(2)O_(2)Se),a novel quasi-two-dimensional charge-carrying semiconductor,is recognized as one of the most promising emerging platforms for next-generation semiconductor devices.Recent advancements in the development of diverse Bi_(2)O_(2)Se heterojunctions have unveiled extensive potential applications in both electronics and optoelectronics.However,achieving an in-depth understanding of band alignment and particularly interface dynamics remains a significant challenge.In this study,we conduct a comprehensive experimental investigation into band alignment utilizing high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(HRXPS),while also thoroughly discussing the properties of interface states.Our findings reveal that ultrathin films of Bi_(2)O_(2)Se grown on SrTiO_(3)(with TiO_(2)(001)termination)exhibit Type-I(straddling gap)band alignment characterized by a valence band offset(VBO)of approximately 1.77±0.04 eV and a conduction band offset(CBO)around 0.68±0.04 eV.Notably,when accounting for the influence of interface states,the bands at the interface display a herringbone configuration due to substantial built-in electric fields,which markedly deviate from conventional band alignments.Thus,our results provide valuable insights for advancing high-efficiency electronic and optoelectronic devices,particularly those where charge transfer is highly sensitive to interface states.
文摘In January 2025,the United States issued executive orders that could potentially curtail lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer,and other sexual and gender minorities(LGBTQ+)rights and federal aid to developing countries,such as public health programs under the United States Agency for International Development(USAID)[1,2].In the Philippines,USAID has played an important role in funding and supporting initiatives to address the country’s local HIV epidemic[2,3].
文摘The purpose of this paper is to show that by using a certain type of discrete-continuous limit, a series of integral entities can be defined(Mittag-Leffler multi-index functions, associated coherent states and their properties), which are counterparts of the corresponding discrete entities. We built and examine the properties of a new aspect of generalized integral multi-index Mittag-Leffler functions and we constructed and examined the properties of coherent states associated with this new function. This approach is motivated through the fact that these functions can be connected with the coherent states of the continuous spectrum, as well as with so-called nu-function.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403201 and 2024YFA1408104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11927809 and 12434004)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20233001)。
文摘By measuring scanning tunneling spectroscopy on some large Bi islands deposited on FeTe_(0.55)Se_(0.45)superconductors,we observe clear in-gap edge states with double peaks at about±1.0 me V on the spectra measured near the perimeter of the islands.This feature is very different from the single zero-energy peak observed on some other small Bi islands.The edge states spread towards the inner side of the islands over a width of 2-3 nm.The two edge-state peaks at positive and negative energies move to higher values with the increase of the magnetic field,and they disappear near the transition temperature of FeTe_(0.55)Se_(0.45).Meanwhile,enhanced superconducting gaps are observed in the central regions of these Bi islands,which may be induced by the enhanced pair potential of the topological surface state.Our observations provide a valuable message for the edge state and the proximity-induced superconductivity on specific Bi islands grown on FeTe_(0.55)Se_(0.45)substrate.
文摘Numerous efforts have been devoted to altering the dynamic covalent linkers between the drug structural units in polyprodrugs from the viewpoint of molecular structure;however,the effect of their aggregation states has not yet been explored.Here,the effect of aggregation states on the in vitro drug release and cytotoxicity was investigated using a pH/glutathione(GSH)co-triggered degradable doxorubicin(DOX)-based polyprodrug(PDOX)as a model,which was synthesized by the facile polymerization of a pH/GSH dual-triggered dimeric prodrug(DDOX_(ss))and 2,2-dimethoxypropane(DMP)by forming acid-labile ketal bond.Owing to the pH/GSH dual-triggered disulfide/α-amide and acid-labile ketal linkers between the DOX structural units,the resultant PDOX exhibited excellent pH/GSH co-triggered DOX release.With a similar diameter,the PDOX-NPs1 nanomedicines via fast precipitation showed faster DOX release than PDOX-NPs2 via slow self-assembly,regardless of their polymerization degree(DP).The effect of aggregation states is expected to be a secondary strategy for a more desired tumor intracellular microenvironment-responsive drug delivery for tumor chemotherapy,in addition to the molecular structures of polyprodrugs as drug self-delivery systems(DSDSs).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11874270 and 12174228)the Shenzhen Basic Research Special Project(Grant No.JCYJ20240813141606009)。
文摘A theory based on the superposition principle is developed to uncover the basic physics of wave behavior in a finite grating of N unit cells.The theory reveals that bound states in the continuum(BICs)of infinite quality factor(Q-factor)can be supported by such a grating when perfect reflection is introduced at its boundaries.If geometrical perturbations are introduced into the structure,the dark BICs transform into bright quasi-BICs with finite Q-factor,maintaining spectral characteristics nearly identical to those of quasi-BICs supported by infinite gratings.When the boundaries are replaced with high-reflectivity metallic mirrors,the Q-factor of the resonant mode is reduced to be finite;however,it can be much larger than that in the corresponding nanostructure with open boundaries and can be tuned over a large range by varying the number of unit cells or boundary conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.92265209,11174081 and 62305285the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing under Grant No.CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0643the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project under Grant No.2019SHZDZX01。
文摘Quantum algorithms offer more enhanced computational efficiency in comparison to their classical counterparts when solving specific tasks.In this study,we implement the quantum permutation algorithm utilizing a polar molecule within an external electric field.The selection of the molecular qutrit involves the utilization of field-dressed states generated through the pendular modes of SrO.Through the application of multi-target optimal control theory,we strategically design microwave pulses to execute logical operations,including Fourier transform,oracle U_(f)operation,and inverse Fourier transform within a three-level molecular qutrit structure.The observed high fidelity of our outcomes is intricately linked to the concept of the quantum speed limit,which quantifies the maximum speed of quantum state manipulation.Subsequently,we design the optimized pulse sequence to successfully simulate the quantum permutation algorithm on a single SrO molecule,achieving remarkable fidelity.Consequently,a quantum circuit comprising a single qutrit suffices to determine permutation parity with just a single function evaluation.Therefore,our results indicate that the optimal control theory can be well applied to the quantum computation of polar molecular systems.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20240123)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1405900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274397,12274401,and 12034018)。
文摘Applying a perpendicular electric field to bilayer graphene(BLG)induces an electrically tunable bandgap,so that insulating states with resistances exceeding~10^(8)Ωcan be generated.These high-resistance states pinch off the conducting channel,thereby enabling high-quality gated devices for classical and quantum electronics.However,it is challenging to precisely quantify these states electrically due to their high resistances,especially when different areas of the device are operated in different high-resistance states.Here,taking advantage of the strong acoustoelectric effect,we demonstrate the detection of these high-resistance states in a multi-gated BLG device using surface acoustic waves.Under different gating configurations,the device is operated in different high-resistance states.Although these states have similar resistances of~10^(8)Ω,we show their acoustoelectric responses exhibit pronounced differences,thereby allowing the acoustic detection.More interestingly,we demonstrate that when the conducting channel is pinched off by one top gate,we are still able to acoustically,but not electrically,detect the gating effect of another top gate.Our results reveal the powerful capability and the promising future of acoustically characterizing BLG and other two-dimensional materials,especially their electronic states with high resistances.
