In order to suppress the low-frequency ultrasound vibration in the broadband range of 20 k Hz—100 k Hz,this paper proposes and discusses an acoustic metamaterial with low-frequency ultrasound vibration attenuation pr...In order to suppress the low-frequency ultrasound vibration in the broadband range of 20 k Hz—100 k Hz,this paper proposes and discusses an acoustic metamaterial with low-frequency ultrasound vibration attenuation properties,which is configured by hybrid arc and sharp-angle convergent star-shaped lattices.The effect of the dispersion relation and the bandgap characteristic for the scatterers in star-shaped are simulated and analyzed.The target bandgap width is extended by optimizing the geometry parameters of arc and sharp-angle convergent lattices.The proposed metamaterial configured by optimized hybrid lattices exhibits remarkable broad bandgap characteristics by bandgap complementarity,and the simulation results verify a 99%vibration attenuation amplitude can be obtained in the frequency of20 k Hz—100 k Hz.After the fabrication of the proposed hybrid configurational star-shaped metamaterial by 3D printing technique,the transmission loss experiments are performed,and the experimental results indicate that the fabricated metamaterial has the characteristics of broadband vibration attenuation and an amplitude greater than 85%attenuation for the target frequency.These results demonstrate that the hybrid configurational star-shaped metamaterials can effectively widen the bandgap and realize high efficiency attenuation,which has capability for the vibration attenuation in the application of highprecise equipment.展开更多
Star-shaped poly(lactic acid)s(PLAs)with two to five arms were synthesized by ring opening polymerization using tin(II)2-ethylhexanoate as catalyst and polyols as initiators.The effects of molecular weight together wi...Star-shaped poly(lactic acid)s(PLAs)with two to five arms were synthesized by ring opening polymerization using tin(II)2-ethylhexanoate as catalyst and polyols as initiators.The effects of molecular weight together with multi-arm architecture on crystallization behavior,spherulite morphology and alkaline degradation behavior of star-shaped PLAs have been investigated.The results indicate that the multi-arm architecture interfered with spherulite growth,but promoted nucleation and alkaline degradation of star-shaped PLAs.Interestingly,with the increase of molecular weight(M_(n)),the crystallization rate first increased and then decreased,while the alkaline degradation rate was the opposite.The characteristic crystallization and alkaline degradation behavior of star-shaped PLAs were discussed based on the competition between segmental mobility and central core confinement.展开更多
Based on the isomorphism between the space of star-shaped sets and the space of continuous positively homogeneous real-valued functions, the star-shaped differential of a directionally differentiable function is defin...Based on the isomorphism between the space of star-shaped sets and the space of continuous positively homogeneous real-valued functions, the star-shaped differential of a directionally differentiable function is defined. Formulas for star-shaped differential of a pointwise maximum and a pointwise minimum of a finite number of directionally differentiable functions, and a composite of two directionaUy differentiable functions are derived. Furthermore, the mean-value theorem for a directionaUy differentiable function is demonstrated.展开更多
In this paper, we give some characteristic properties of star-shaped sets which include a subset of a convex metric space. Using the characteristic properties, we discuss the existence problems of fixed points of none...In this paper, we give some characteristic properties of star-shaped sets which include a subset of a convex metric space. Using the characteristic properties, we discuss the existence problems of fixed points of nonexpansive type mappings on star-shaped subsets of convex metric spaces, which generalize the recent results obtained by Ding Xie-ping, Beg and Azam. Finally, we give an example which shows that our generalizations are essential.展开更多
A fiber-based, star-shaped joint time and frequency dissemination scheme is demonstrated. By working in cooperation with the existing commercial telecommunication network. Our scheme enables the frequency, time, and d...A fiber-based, star-shaped joint time and frequency dissemination scheme is demonstrated. By working in cooperation with the existing commercial telecommunication network. Our scheme enables the frequency, time, and digital data networks to be integrated together and could represent an ideal option of interconnection among scientific institutions.The compensation functions of the time and frequency transfer scheme are set at the client nodes. The complexity of the central node is thus reduced, and future expansion by the addition of further branches will be accomplished more easily.During a performance test in which the ambient temperature fluctuation is 30℃/day, timing signal dissemination stability is achieved to be approximately ±50 ps along 25-km-long fiber spools. After calibration, a timing signal synchronization accuracy of 100 ps is also realized. The proposed scheme offers an option of the construction of large-scale fiber-based frequency and time transfer networks.展开更多
Amorphous 2,4,6-trissubstituted pyridines containing three peripheral carbazole or two triphenylamine and one carbazole moieties, respectively, have been synthesized and characterized. The properties of the compounds ...Amorphous 2,4,6-trissubstituted pyridines containing three peripheral carbazole or two triphenylamine and one carbazole moieties, respectively, have been synthesized and characterized. The properties of the compounds are investigated by UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy, thermal analysis as well as cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the compounds have high thermal stability, emit blue light. Also, the compounds possess the HOMO and LUMO energy levels comparable to those of NPB. The effects of different substituents on the electronic properties of the materials have been discussed.展开更多
Heteroarm star-shaped polymers were synthesized by conventional free radical polymerization in two steps by the use of polyfunctional chain transfer agent.In the first step,free radical polymerization of methyl methac...Heteroarm star-shaped polymers were synthesized by conventional free radical polymerization in two steps by the use of polyfunctional chain transfer agent.In the first step,free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out in the presence of a polyfunctional chain transfer agent,pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropinate).At appropriate monomer conversions,two-arm PMMA having two residual thiol groups at the chain center or three-arm PMMA having one residual thiol group at the core were o...展开更多
Well-defined star-shaped poly(L-lactide)with six arms(sPLLA)was synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide using dipentaerythritol as initiator and stannous octoate as catalyst in bulk at 125~C.The e...Well-defined star-shaped poly(L-lactide)with six arms(sPLLA)was synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide using dipentaerythritol as initiator and stannous octoate as catalyst in bulk at 125~C.The effects of molar ratios of both monomer to initiator and monomer to catalyst on the molecular weights of as-synthesized sPLLA polymers were in detail investigated.The molecular weights of sPLLA polymers linearly increased with the molar ratio of monomer to initiator,and the molecular weight dist...展开更多
Both four-ann star-shaped poly（ε-caprolactone） （4sPCL） and two-ann linear PCL （2LPCL） were synthesized and their inclusion complexation with α-cyclodextrin （α-CD） were studied. The inclusion complexes （ICs...Both four-ann star-shaped poly（ε-caprolactone） （4sPCL） and two-ann linear PCL （2LPCL） were synthesized and their inclusion complexation with α-cyclodextrin （α-CD） were studied. The inclusion complexes （ICs） formed between the PCL polymers and α-CD were characterized by ^1H-NMR, DSC, TGA, WAXD, and FT-1R, respectively. Both branch ann number and molecular weight of the PCL polymers have apparent effect on the stoichiometry （CL：CD, mol：mol） of these ICs. All these analytical results indicate that the branch arms of the PCL polymers are incorporated into the hydrophobic α-CD cavities and their original crystalline properties are completely suppressed. Moreover, the inclusion complexation between two-ann linear or four-ann star-shaped PCL polymers and α-CD not only enhances the thermal stability of the vip PCL polymers but also improves that of α-CD.展开更多
TPGS approved by FDA can be used as a P-gp inhibitor to effectively reverse multi-drug resistance(MDR)and as an anticancer agent for synergistic antitumor effects.However,the comparatively high critical micelle concen...TPGS approved by FDA can be used as a P-gp inhibitor to effectively reverse multi-drug resistance(MDR)and as an anticancer agent for synergistic antitumor effects.However,the comparatively high critical micelle concentration(CMC),low drug loading(DL)and poor tumor target limit its further clinical application.To overcome these drawbacks,the pH-sensitive star-shaped TPGS copolymers were successfully constructed via using pentaerythritol as the initial materials,ortho esters as the pH-triggered linkages and TPGS active-ester as the terminated MDR material.The amphiphilic star-shaped TPGS copolymers could self-assemble into free and doxorubicin(DOX)-loaded micelles at neutral aqueous solutions.The micelles exhibited the lower CMC(8.2×10^(−5) mg/ml),higher DL(10.8%)and long-term storage and circulation stability,and showed enhanced cellular uptake,apoptosis,cytotoxicity,and growth inhibition for in vitro MCF-7/ADR and/or MCF-7/ADR multicellular spheroids and in vivo MCF-7/ADR tumors via efficiently targeted drug release at tumoral intracellular pH(5.0),MDR reversal of TPGS,and synergistic effect of DOX and TPGS.Therefore,the pH-sensitive micelles self-assembled from star-shaped TPGS copolymers with ortho ester linkages are potentially useful to clinically transform for enhanced MDR cancer treatment.展开更多
Star-shaped small molecules have attracted great attention for organic solar cells(OSCs)because they have three-dimensional charge-transport characteristics,strong light absorption capacities and easily tunable energy...Star-shaped small molecules have attracted great attention for organic solar cells(OSCs)because they have three-dimensional charge-transport characteristics,strong light absorption capacities and easily tunable energy levels.Herein,three-and four-armed star-shaped small molecule donors,namely BDT-3 Th and BDT-4 Th,respectively,have been successfully designed and synthesized,which used benzodithiophene(BDT)as the central unit.The two star-shaped intermediates(2 a and 2 b)could be simultaneously obtained by one-step of Suzuki coupling,and 1,2-dimethoxyethane played a key role in the Suzuki coupling.Both of them have excellent thermal stability,good solubility and broad absorption.Four-armed BDT-4 Th shows a slightly higher extinction coefficient,a deeper HOMO energy level and an obviously better phase separation morphology when blended with Y6 than three-armed BDT-3 Th.As a result,increased power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 5.83%is obtained in the BDT-4 Th:Y6-based OSC devices,which is obviously higher than that of the BDT-3 Th:Y6-based devices(PCE=3.78%).To the best of our knowledge,this is the highest PCE among the BDT-based star-shaped donors-based OSCs.This result provides an effective strategy to obtain star-shaped small molecule donor materials for high efficient organic solar cells.展开更多
A new star-shaped molecule StOF-Br_3 containing oligofluorenes and halogen atoms(Bromine) has been synthesized and studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy(STM) at the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG) surface....A new star-shaped molecule StOF-Br_3 containing oligofluorenes and halogen atoms(Bromine) has been synthesized and studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy(STM) at the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG) surface.We have obtained the high-resolution self-assembled STM images,from which the highly ordered and closely packed non-porous arrangements of the StOF-Br_3 molecular selfassemblies at the heptanoic acid/HOPG surface could be observed.The molecular models and selfassembled StOF-Br_3 architectures have been given in the following text.Besides,we have also figured out the surface free energy by the density functional theory(DFT) calculation,which proved that the halogen...halogen interaction was strong enough to stabilize the ordered molecular self-assemblies.This work verifies the existence of bromine...bromine interactions,and meanwhile provides a kind of effective approach for quickly building ordered molecular nanoarchitectures with large areas and different geometries.展开更多
White organic light-emitting diodes （WOLEDs） with a structure of indium-tin-oxide （ITO）/N,N＇-bis- （1-naphthyl）-N,N＇-diphenyl- （1, 1＇-biphenyl）-4,4＇-diamine （NPB）/1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis（9,9-diethyl-9H-fluor...White organic light-emitting diodes （WOLEDs） with a structure of indium-tin-oxide （ITO）/N,N＇-bis- （1-naphthyl）-N,N＇-diphenyl- （1, 1＇-biphenyl）-4,4＇-diamine （NPB）/1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis（9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2- yl）benzene （HKEthFLYPh）/5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphtacene （rubrene）/tris（8-hydroxyquinoline） aluminum （Alq3）/Mg：Ag were fabricated by vacuum deposition method, in which a novel star-shaped hexafluorenyl- benzene HKEthFLYPh was used as an energy transfer layer, and an ultrathin layer of rubrene was inserted between HKEthFLYPh and Alq3 layers as a yellow light-emitting layer instead of using a time-consuming doping process. A fairly pure WOLED with Commissions Internationale De L＇Eclairage （CIE） coordinates of （0.32, 0.33） was obtained when the thickness of rubrene was 0.3 nm, and the spectrum was insensitive to the applied voltage. The device yielded a maximum luminance of 4816 cd/m2 at 18 V.展开更多
Star-shaped oligothiophenes with hexakis（fluoren-2-yl）benzene （HFB） as cores were designed and synthesized. Grafting thiophene units to HFB results in a bond flattening of the core, and makes the molecules a flipp...Star-shaped oligothiophenes with hexakis（fluoren-2-yl）benzene （HFB） as cores were designed and synthesized. Grafting thiophene units to HFB results in a bond flattening of the core, and makes the molecules a flipping-twist shape. Their thermal, photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied. Highly cross-linked conjugated polymers can be produced by electropolymerization of T1-T3.展开更多
The purposes of this research were to synthesize and characterize star-shaped poly lactide-co-glycolide-β-cyclo-dextrin (PLGA-β-CD) copolymer by reacting L-lactide, glycolide and β-cyclodextrin in the presence of s...The purposes of this research were to synthesize and characterize star-shaped poly lactide-co-glycolide-β-cyclo-dextrin (PLGA-β-CD) copolymer by reacting L-lactide, glycolide and β-cyclodextrin in the presence of stannous octoate as a catalyst. The structure of PLGA-β-CD copolymer was confirmed with 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectra. Albumin as a model peptide drug was encapsulated within nanoparticles made of PLGA-β-CD with a modified double emulsion method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs showed that the nanoparticles have the mean diameter within the range of 80 - 210 nm. Also they were almost spherical in shape. Effects of the experimental parameters, such as copolymer composition, copolymer concentration, and reaction temperature, on particular size and encapsulation efficiency were investigated.展开更多
This paper investigates region tracking and perimeter surveillance of second-order multiagent systems,where all agents move within a star-shaped set.First,by coordination transformations,the region tracking problem is...This paper investigates region tracking and perimeter surveillance of second-order multiagent systems,where all agents move within a star-shaped set.First,by coordination transformations,the region tracking problem is converted from the star-shaped sets to a circular region.The authors employ communication and collaboration to complete region tracking and perimeter surveillance tasks,and then revert back to the star-shaped set by using inverse transformations.Second,the authors propose a distributed control strategy based on attractive and interaction potential functions,under which all agents can quickly track a given circular region and move around the perimeter.Finally,the authors validate the effectiveness and performance advantages of the proposed method through simulation experiments.展开更多
In this paper, firstly we establish the relation theorem between the Maslov-type index and the index defined by C. Viterbo for star-shaped Hamiltonian systems. Then we extend the iteration formula of C. Viterbo for no...In this paper, firstly we establish the relation theorem between the Maslov-type index and the index defined by C. Viterbo for star-shaped Hamiltonian systems. Then we extend the iteration formula of C. Viterbo for non-degenerate star-shaped Hamiltonian systems to the general case. Finally we prove that there exist at least two geometrically distinct closed characteristics on any non-degenerate star-shaped compact smooth hypersurface on R2n with n ＞ 1. Here we call a hypersurface non-degenerate, if all the closed characteristics on the given hypersurface together with all of their iterations are non-degenerate as periodic solutions of the corresponding Hamiltonian system. We also study the ellipticity of closed characteristics when n=2.展开更多
A new star-shaped donor-acceptor molecule has been synthesized for application as the donor material in solution-processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). The molecule consists of a triphenylamine (TPA...A new star-shaped donor-acceptor molecule has been synthesized for application as the donor material in solution-processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). The molecule consists of a triphenylamine (TPA) unit as the core and a donor unit with three arms containing benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT) acceptor units and 5,5''-dihexyl-2,2′:3′,2″-terthiophene (tTh) end groups. The molecule, denoted S(TPA-BT-tTh), exhibits a broad absorption band in the wavelength range 300-650 nm and high hole mobility of 1.1×10 -4 cm2 V -1 s 1 . An OSC device based on S(TPA-BT-tTh) as donor and [6,6]-phenyl C71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 70 BM) as the acceptor (1:3, w/w) exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 2.28% with a short circuit current density of 6.39 mA/cm2 under illumination of AM.1.5, 100 mW/cm2 .展开更多
Recently, Cristofaro-Gardiner and Hutchings proved that there exist at least two closed characteristics on every compact star-shaped hypersuface in R4. Then Ginzburg, Hein, Hryniewicz, and Macarini gave this result a ...Recently, Cristofaro-Gardiner and Hutchings proved that there exist at least two closed characteristics on every compact star-shaped hypersuface in R4. Then Ginzburg, Hein, Hryniewicz, and Macarini gave this result a second proof. In this paper, we give it a third proof by using index iteration theory, resonance identities of closed characteristics and a remarkable theorem of Ginzburg et at.展开更多
In this paper, we prove that for every index perfect non-degenerate compact star-shaped hypersurface E C R2n, there exist at least n non-hyperbolic closed characteristics with even Maslov- type indices on E when n is ...In this paper, we prove that for every index perfect non-degenerate compact star-shaped hypersurface E C R2n, there exist at least n non-hyperbolic closed characteristics with even Maslov- type indices on E when n is even. When n is odd, there exist at least n closed characteristics with odd Maslov-type indices on E and at least （n - 1） of them are non-hyperbolic. Here we call a compact star-shaped hypersurfaee E ∈R2 index perfect if it carries only finitely many geometrically distinct prime closed characteristics, and every prime closed characteristic （T, y） on E possesses positive mean index and whose Maslov-type index i（y, m） of its m-th iterate satisfies i（y, m） ≠-1 when n is even, and i（y, rn） ≠2{-1,0} when n is odd for all rn E N.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51821003,52175524,61704158)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202103021224206)Shanxi"1331 Project"Key Subjects Construction to provide fund for conducting experiments。
文摘In order to suppress the low-frequency ultrasound vibration in the broadband range of 20 k Hz—100 k Hz,this paper proposes and discusses an acoustic metamaterial with low-frequency ultrasound vibration attenuation properties,which is configured by hybrid arc and sharp-angle convergent star-shaped lattices.The effect of the dispersion relation and the bandgap characteristic for the scatterers in star-shaped are simulated and analyzed.The target bandgap width is extended by optimizing the geometry parameters of arc and sharp-angle convergent lattices.The proposed metamaterial configured by optimized hybrid lattices exhibits remarkable broad bandgap characteristics by bandgap complementarity,and the simulation results verify a 99%vibration attenuation amplitude can be obtained in the frequency of20 k Hz—100 k Hz.After the fabrication of the proposed hybrid configurational star-shaped metamaterial by 3D printing technique,the transmission loss experiments are performed,and the experimental results indicate that the fabricated metamaterial has the characteristics of broadband vibration attenuation and an amplitude greater than 85%attenuation for the target frequency.These results demonstrate that the hybrid configurational star-shaped metamaterials can effectively widen the bandgap and realize high efficiency attenuation,which has capability for the vibration attenuation in the application of highprecise equipment.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51973010).
文摘Star-shaped poly(lactic acid)s(PLAs)with two to five arms were synthesized by ring opening polymerization using tin(II)2-ethylhexanoate as catalyst and polyols as initiators.The effects of molecular weight together with multi-arm architecture on crystallization behavior,spherulite morphology and alkaline degradation behavior of star-shaped PLAs have been investigated.The results indicate that the multi-arm architecture interfered with spherulite growth,but promoted nucleation and alkaline degradation of star-shaped PLAs.Interestingly,with the increase of molecular weight(M_(n)),the crystallization rate first increased and then decreased,while the alkaline degradation rate was the opposite.The characteristic crystallization and alkaline degradation behavior of star-shaped PLAs were discussed based on the competition between segmental mobility and central core confinement.
文摘Based on the isomorphism between the space of star-shaped sets and the space of continuous positively homogeneous real-valued functions, the star-shaped differential of a directionally differentiable function is defined. Formulas for star-shaped differential of a pointwise maximum and a pointwise minimum of a finite number of directionally differentiable functions, and a composite of two directionaUy differentiable functions are derived. Furthermore, the mean-value theorem for a directionaUy differentiable function is demonstrated.
文摘In this paper, we give some characteristic properties of star-shaped sets which include a subset of a convex metric space. Using the characteristic properties, we discuss the existence problems of fixed points of nonexpansive type mappings on star-shaped subsets of convex metric spaces, which generalize the recent results obtained by Ding Xie-ping, Beg and Azam. Finally, we give an example which shows that our generalizations are essential.
基金supported by the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project,China(Grant No.2013YQ09094303)the Program of International Science and Technology Cooperation,China(Grant No.2016YFE0100200)
文摘A fiber-based, star-shaped joint time and frequency dissemination scheme is demonstrated. By working in cooperation with the existing commercial telecommunication network. Our scheme enables the frequency, time, and digital data networks to be integrated together and could represent an ideal option of interconnection among scientific institutions.The compensation functions of the time and frequency transfer scheme are set at the client nodes. The complexity of the central node is thus reduced, and future expansion by the addition of further branches will be accomplished more easily.During a performance test in which the ambient temperature fluctuation is 30℃/day, timing signal dissemination stability is achieved to be approximately ±50 ps along 25-km-long fiber spools. After calibration, a timing signal synchronization accuracy of 100 ps is also realized. The proposed scheme offers an option of the construction of large-scale fiber-based frequency and time transfer networks.
文摘Amorphous 2,4,6-trissubstituted pyridines containing three peripheral carbazole or two triphenylamine and one carbazole moieties, respectively, have been synthesized and characterized. The properties of the compounds are investigated by UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy, thermal analysis as well as cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the compounds have high thermal stability, emit blue light. Also, the compounds possess the HOMO and LUMO energy levels comparable to those of NPB. The effects of different substituents on the electronic properties of the materials have been discussed.
文摘Heteroarm star-shaped polymers were synthesized by conventional free radical polymerization in two steps by the use of polyfunctional chain transfer agent.In the first step,free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out in the presence of a polyfunctional chain transfer agent,pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropinate).At appropriate monomer conversions,two-arm PMMA having two residual thiol groups at the chain center or three-arm PMMA having one residual thiol group at the core were o...
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20404007)and many thanks for the assistance of Instrumental Analysis Center of SJTU.
文摘Well-defined star-shaped poly(L-lactide)with six arms(sPLLA)was synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide using dipentaerythritol as initiator and stannous octoate as catalyst in bulk at 125~C.The effects of molar ratios of both monomer to initiator and monomer to catalyst on the molecular weights of as-synthesized sPLLA polymers were in detail investigated.The molecular weights of sPLLA polymers linearly increased with the molar ratio of monomer to initiator,and the molecular weight dist...
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20404007).
文摘Both four-ann star-shaped poly（ε-caprolactone） （4sPCL） and two-ann linear PCL （2LPCL） were synthesized and their inclusion complexation with α-cyclodextrin （α-CD） were studied. The inclusion complexes （ICs） formed between the PCL polymers and α-CD were characterized by ^1H-NMR, DSC, TGA, WAXD, and FT-1R, respectively. Both branch ann number and molecular weight of the PCL polymers have apparent effect on the stoichiometry （CL：CD, mol：mol） of these ICs. All these analytical results indicate that the branch arms of the PCL polymers are incorporated into the hydrophobic α-CD cavities and their original crystalline properties are completely suppressed. Moreover, the inclusion complexation between two-ann linear or four-ann star-shaped PCL polymers and α-CD not only enhances the thermal stability of the vip PCL polymers but also improves that of α-CD.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51803001)the Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province of China(No.KJ2018ZD003 and KJ2018A0006)the Academic and Technology Introduction Project of Anhui University(AU02303203).
文摘TPGS approved by FDA can be used as a P-gp inhibitor to effectively reverse multi-drug resistance(MDR)and as an anticancer agent for synergistic antitumor effects.However,the comparatively high critical micelle concentration(CMC),low drug loading(DL)and poor tumor target limit its further clinical application.To overcome these drawbacks,the pH-sensitive star-shaped TPGS copolymers were successfully constructed via using pentaerythritol as the initial materials,ortho esters as the pH-triggered linkages and TPGS active-ester as the terminated MDR material.The amphiphilic star-shaped TPGS copolymers could self-assemble into free and doxorubicin(DOX)-loaded micelles at neutral aqueous solutions.The micelles exhibited the lower CMC(8.2×10^(−5) mg/ml),higher DL(10.8%)and long-term storage and circulation stability,and showed enhanced cellular uptake,apoptosis,cytotoxicity,and growth inhibition for in vitro MCF-7/ADR and/or MCF-7/ADR multicellular spheroids and in vivo MCF-7/ADR tumors via efficiently targeted drug release at tumoral intracellular pH(5.0),MDR reversal of TPGS,and synergistic effect of DOX and TPGS.Therefore,the pH-sensitive micelles self-assembled from star-shaped TPGS copolymers with ortho ester linkages are potentially useful to clinically transform for enhanced MDR cancer treatment.
基金the financial support for this work by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.21925506)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51773212)Ningbo S&T Innovation 2025 Major Special Program(No.2018B10055)。
文摘Star-shaped small molecules have attracted great attention for organic solar cells(OSCs)because they have three-dimensional charge-transport characteristics,strong light absorption capacities and easily tunable energy levels.Herein,three-and four-armed star-shaped small molecule donors,namely BDT-3 Th and BDT-4 Th,respectively,have been successfully designed and synthesized,which used benzodithiophene(BDT)as the central unit.The two star-shaped intermediates(2 a and 2 b)could be simultaneously obtained by one-step of Suzuki coupling,and 1,2-dimethoxyethane played a key role in the Suzuki coupling.Both of them have excellent thermal stability,good solubility and broad absorption.Four-armed BDT-4 Th shows a slightly higher extinction coefficient,a deeper HOMO energy level and an obviously better phase separation morphology when blended with Y6 than three-armed BDT-3 Th.As a result,increased power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 5.83%is obtained in the BDT-4 Th:Y6-based OSC devices,which is obviously higher than that of the BDT-3 Th:Y6-based devices(PCE=3.78%).To the best of our knowledge,this is the highest PCE among the BDT-based star-shaped donors-based OSCs.This result provides an effective strategy to obtain star-shaped small molecule donor materials for high efficient organic solar cells.
基金The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.21773041 and 21327805)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2016YFA0200700)。
文摘A new star-shaped molecule StOF-Br_3 containing oligofluorenes and halogen atoms(Bromine) has been synthesized and studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy(STM) at the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG) surface.We have obtained the high-resolution self-assembled STM images,from which the highly ordered and closely packed non-porous arrangements of the StOF-Br_3 molecular selfassemblies at the heptanoic acid/HOPG surface could be observed.The molecular models and selfassembled StOF-Br_3 architectures have been given in the following text.Besides,we have also figured out the surface free energy by the density functional theory(DFT) calculation,which proved that the halogen...halogen interaction was strong enough to stabilize the ordered molecular self-assemblies.This work verifies the existence of bromine...bromine interactions,and meanwhile provides a kind of effective approach for quickly building ordered molecular nanoarchitectures with large areas and different geometries.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.60425101 and No.20674049）, the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （No.NCET-06-0812）, and the Young Talent Project at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China （No.060206）.
文摘White organic light-emitting diodes （WOLEDs） with a structure of indium-tin-oxide （ITO）/N,N＇-bis- （1-naphthyl）-N,N＇-diphenyl- （1, 1＇-biphenyl）-4,4＇-diamine （NPB）/1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis（9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2- yl）benzene （HKEthFLYPh）/5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphtacene （rubrene）/tris（8-hydroxyquinoline） aluminum （Alq3）/Mg：Ag were fabricated by vacuum deposition method, in which a novel star-shaped hexafluorenyl- benzene HKEthFLYPh was used as an energy transfer layer, and an ultrathin layer of rubrene was inserted between HKEthFLYPh and Alq3 layers as a yellow light-emitting layer instead of using a time-consuming doping process. A fairly pure WOLED with Commissions Internationale De L＇Eclairage （CIE） coordinates of （0.32, 0.33） was obtained when the thickness of rubrene was 0.3 nm, and the spectrum was insensitive to the applied voltage. The device yielded a maximum luminance of 4816 cd/m2 at 18 V.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No. 51125013)
文摘Star-shaped oligothiophenes with hexakis（fluoren-2-yl）benzene （HFB） as cores were designed and synthesized. Grafting thiophene units to HFB results in a bond flattening of the core, and makes the molecules a flipping-twist shape. Their thermal, photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied. Highly cross-linked conjugated polymers can be produced by electropolymerization of T1-T3.
文摘The purposes of this research were to synthesize and characterize star-shaped poly lactide-co-glycolide-β-cyclo-dextrin (PLGA-β-CD) copolymer by reacting L-lactide, glycolide and β-cyclodextrin in the presence of stannous octoate as a catalyst. The structure of PLGA-β-CD copolymer was confirmed with 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectra. Albumin as a model peptide drug was encapsulated within nanoparticles made of PLGA-β-CD with a modified double emulsion method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs showed that the nanoparticles have the mean diameter within the range of 80 - 210 nm. Also they were almost spherical in shape. Effects of the experimental parameters, such as copolymer composition, copolymer concentration, and reaction temperature, on particular size and encapsulation efficiency were investigated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61973329,62133001 and 62227810the National Key Technology R&D Program of China under Grant No.2021YFD2100605Project of Beijing Municipal University Teacher Team Construction Support Plan under Grant No.BPHR20220104.
文摘This paper investigates region tracking and perimeter surveillance of second-order multiagent systems,where all agents move within a star-shaped set.First,by coordination transformations,the region tracking problem is converted from the star-shaped sets to a circular region.The authors employ communication and collaboration to complete region tracking and perimeter surveillance tasks,and then revert back to the star-shaped set by using inverse transformations.Second,the authors propose a distributed control strategy based on attractive and interaction potential functions,under which all agents can quickly track a given circular region and move around the perimeter.Finally,the authors validate the effectiveness and performance advantages of the proposed method through simulation experiments.
基金This work was partially supported by the 973 Program of the Ministryof Science and Technology, the Mathematical Center of the Ministry of Education, the Research Fund for the Doctorial Program of High Education, the Research Fund for the Doctorial Prog
文摘In this paper, firstly we establish the relation theorem between the Maslov-type index and the index defined by C. Viterbo for star-shaped Hamiltonian systems. Then we extend the iteration formula of C. Viterbo for non-degenerate star-shaped Hamiltonian systems to the general case. Finally we prove that there exist at least two geometrically distinct closed characteristics on any non-degenerate star-shaped compact smooth hypersurface on R2n with n ＞ 1. Here we call a hypersurface non-degenerate, if all the closed characteristics on the given hypersurface together with all of their iterations are non-degenerate as periodic solutions of the corresponding Hamiltonian system. We also study the ellipticity of closed characteristics when n=2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50933003 and 21021091)the support from MOE, Jiangsu Province, and SEU (NCET-09-0294, 20100092120037,XNY-48-037 and Seujq201103)
文摘A new star-shaped donor-acceptor molecule has been synthesized for application as the donor material in solution-processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). The molecule consists of a triphenylamine (TPA) unit as the core and a donor unit with three arms containing benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT) acceptor units and 5,5''-dihexyl-2,2′:3′,2″-terthiophene (tTh) end groups. The molecule, denoted S(TPA-BT-tTh), exhibits a broad absorption band in the wavelength range 300-650 nm and high hole mobility of 1.1×10 -4 cm2 V -1 s 1 . An OSC device based on S(TPA-BT-tTh) as donor and [6,6]-phenyl C71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 70 BM) as the acceptor (1:3, w/w) exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 2.28% with a short circuit current density of 6.39 mA/cm2 under illumination of AM.1.5, 100 mW/cm2 .
基金partially supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2013M540512)partially supported by NSFC(Grant No.11131004),MCME,LPMC of MOE of China,Nankai University and BCMIIS of Capital Normal University
文摘Recently, Cristofaro-Gardiner and Hutchings proved that there exist at least two closed characteristics on every compact star-shaped hypersuface in R4. Then Ginzburg, Hein, Hryniewicz, and Macarini gave this result a second proof. In this paper, we give it a third proof by using index iteration theory, resonance identities of closed characteristics and a remarkable theorem of Ginzburg et at.
基金supported by NSFC(Grant Nos.11671215,11131004 and 11471169,11401555,11222105 and 11431001)LPMC of MOE of China+3 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.1608085QA01)MCME,LPMC of MOE of ChinaNankai UniversityBAICIT of Capital Normal University
文摘In this paper, we prove that for every index perfect non-degenerate compact star-shaped hypersurface E C R2n, there exist at least n non-hyperbolic closed characteristics with even Maslov- type indices on E when n is even. When n is odd, there exist at least n closed characteristics with odd Maslov-type indices on E and at least （n - 1） of them are non-hyperbolic. Here we call a compact star-shaped hypersurfaee E ∈R2 index perfect if it carries only finitely many geometrically distinct prime closed characteristics, and every prime closed characteristic （T, y） on E possesses positive mean index and whose Maslov-type index i（y, m） of its m-th iterate satisfies i（y, m） ≠-1 when n is even, and i（y, rn） ≠2{-1,0} when n is odd for all rn E N.
