Optical coherence tomography(OCT)enables in vivo imaging of port wine stains(PWS)lesions.The knowledge of vascular struct ure and epidermal thickness(ET)of PWS may aid the objectivediagnosis and optimal treatment.To o...Optical coherence tomography(OCT)enables in vivo imaging of port wine stains(PWS)lesions.The knowledge of vascular struct ure and epidermal thickness(ET)of PWS may aid the objectivediagnosis and optimal treatment.To obtain the structural parameters more rapidly and avoiduser intervention,an automated algorithm of energy map is introduced based on intensity andedge information to extract the skin surface using dynamic programming method.Subsequently,an averaged A-scan analysis is performed to obtain the mean ET and the relative intensity ofdermis indicating the corresponding vascular density.This approach is currently successfullyapplied in clinical diagnosis and shows promising guidance and assessment of PDT treatment.展开更多
Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis, are quarantine pests of potato which cause significant damage to production and farm gate revenue worldwide. Accurately assessing viability ...Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis, are quarantine pests of potato which cause significant damage to production and farm gate revenue worldwide. Accurately assessing viability of PCN eggs is important for eradication and management programs. The goal of this study was to develop a quick and reliable fluorescent staining method to evaluate viability of G. pallida and Globodera ellingtonae eggs. The staining efficiency of eight fluorescent stains was evaluated using G. pallida eggs compared with the conventional Meldola’s Blue (MB) staining method. The staining efficiency of the fluorescent stains ranged from 80.33 ± 2.99 (Sytox Green) to 100% (Acridine Orange) for non-viable eggs. Two stains were further evaluated for their efficiency in assessing viability of encysted eggs from five different greenhouse-reared G. pallida cyst sources which contained both viable and non-viable eggs. For the G. pallida cyst sources, viability ofencysted eggs were estimated to be 41.02 ± 3.81 to 62.66% ± 3.12% when stained with Acridine Orange (AO) and 79.52% ± 1.54% viability for G. ellingtonae. Both staining time and stain concentration were significant for staining efficiency of released and encysted eggs. Staining time and concentration were optimized for released eggs at 4 h at 10 μg/ml and for encysted eggs at 16 h at 25 μg/ml respectively for AO. Fluorescent stains accurately and rapidly assessed percent egg viability and were determined to be as sensitive as a seven-day incubation with the Meldola’s Blue staining method.展开更多
To assess the effectiveness of the flashlamp- pumped pulsed dye laser (Photogeneca V, Synosure Corp, Boston, United States) in the treatment of port- wine stains. Methods. One hundred and ninety- four consecutive pati...To assess the effectiveness of the flashlamp- pumped pulsed dye laser (Photogeneca V, Synosure Corp, Boston, United States) in the treatment of port- wine stains. Methods. One hundred and ninety- four consecutive patients with port- wine stains were treated with a flashlamp- pumped pulsed dye laser in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1998 to August 1999. Results. Of 194 patients who completed treatment, 56.2％ had more than 60％ fading of the lesion and only 6.7％ had less than 20％ fading. An average of 3.6 treatments were needed to achieve more than 60％ fading. The response was better in children than in adults, although the difference was not significant. Pigmentary change (usually transient) occurred in 3.1％ of patients. Conclusions. This study confirms the efficacy of the flashlamp- pumped pulsed dye laser in the treatment of port- wine stains in children and adults.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori is the microbial agent most responsible for gastro-duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis, which can develop into carcinoma of the stomach. This study was performed in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital, S...Helicobacter pylori is the microbial agent most responsible for gastro-duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis, which can develop into carcinoma of the stomach. This study was performed in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital, Sudan to detect Helicobacter pylori in stomach samples, and evaluate the performance of the tests used, which were histological stains and PCR. Gastric biopsies were obtained from 105 referred patients during endoscopy, and fixed specimens examined by haematoxylin-eosin and Warthin-Starry silver stains, while DNA was extracted for glmM gene amplification. Epigastric pain was the most common symptom at 78% (82/105) and chronic gastritis recorded with 71% (68/105) of endoscopy results. Warthin-Starry silver stain gave 31% (33/105) as positive for Helicobacter pylori followed by glmM gene 27% (28/105) and haematoxylin-eosin 24% (25/105). The study indicated good performance of histological staining and high specificity of glmM gene in detection of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies.展开更多
Background:The treatment of port-wine stains(PWS)becomes extremely difficult due to age-related malformation of the vasculature.In this study,we used alternative methods to treat hypertrophic PWS.Methods:A short-pulse...Background:The treatment of port-wine stains(PWS)becomes extremely difficult due to age-related malformation of the vasculature.In this study,we used alternative methods to treat hypertrophic PWS.Methods:A short-pulsed CO_(2) laser was applied to ablate the hypertrophic vasculature of PWS.The ablation was ended when the wound was on the same plane as normal skin.The long-pulsed neodymium-doped yttriumaluminum-garnet(lpNd:YAG)laser was primarily applied to coagulate and subsequently liquefy the hypertrophic vasculature of the PWS.The therapeutic energy used in treating different lesions should be carefully regulated to significantly affect the treatment outcomes.Results:The two cases presented herein demonstrated substantial improvement in hypertrophic vasculature that was largely removed.The skin was resurfaced,although some scar formation and mild hypopigmentation occurred.Conclusion:We suggest the use of short-pulsed CO_(2) and lpNd:YAG lasers for treating certain cases of hypertrophic PWS.When using a short-pulsed CO_(2) laser,it is wise to judge the treatment endpoint and take appropriate precautions to avoid intraoperative bleeding.When using an lpNd:YAG laser,the therapeutic energy should be controlled according to the thickness of the lesion to reduce scar formation.展开更多
The imperfect material effect is one of the most important themes to obtain photo-realistic results in rendering.Textile material rendering has always been a key area in the field of computer graphics.So far,a great d...The imperfect material effect is one of the most important themes to obtain photo-realistic results in rendering.Textile material rendering has always been a key area in the field of computer graphics.So far,a great deal of effort has been invested in its unique appearance and physics-based simulation.The appearance of the dyeing effect commonly found in textiles has received little attention.This paper introduces techniques for simulation of staining effects on textiles.Pulling,wearing,squeezing,tearing,and breaking effects are more common imperfect effects of fabrics,these external forces will cause changes in the fabric structure,thus affecting the diffusion effect of stains.Based on the microstructure of yarn,we handle the effect of the stain on the imperfect textile surface.Our simulation results can achieve a photo-realistic effect.展开更多
A whitening toothpaste containing pyrrolidone groups was developed.Through the stain-removal experiment on the hydroxyapatite discs with tobacco stains,the stain-removal abilities of ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/V...A whitening toothpaste containing pyrrolidone groups was developed.Through the stain-removal experiment on the hydroxyapatite discs with tobacco stains,the stain-removal abilities of ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer and its toothpaste were studied.The results showed that the new toothpaste containing pyrrolidone groups had good whitening effect.The new whitening toothpaste had good safety and it had no damage to the soft and hard tissues.展开更多
The quality of egg is mainly influenced by the dirt adhering to its shell.Even with good farm-management practices and careful handling,a small percentage of dirty eggs will be produced.The purpose of this research wa...The quality of egg is mainly influenced by the dirt adhering to its shell.Even with good farm-management practices and careful handling,a small percentage of dirty eggs will be produced.The purpose of this research was to detect the egg stains by using image processing technique.Compared to the color values,the local texture was found to be much more adept at accurately segmenting of the complex and miscellaneous dirt stains on the egg shell.Firstly,the global threshold of the image was obtained by two-peak method.The irrelevant background was removed by using the global threshold and the interested region was acquired.The local texture information extracted from the interested region was taken as the input of fuzzy C-means clustering for segmentation of the dirt stains.According to the principle of projection,the area of dirt stains on the curved egg surface was accurately calculated.The validation experimental results showed that the proposed method for classifying eggs in terms of stain has the specificity of 91.4%for white eggs and 89.5%for brown eggs.展开更多
Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet ...Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet little is known about its osteological development characteristics.Understanding these ontogenetic patterns is essential for explaining phylogenetic relationships within Clupeiformes,informing larval identification in ichthyoplankton surveys,and enhancing aquaculture practices.This study describes the ontogenetic characteristics of the appendicular and median skeletons and fin supports in E.punctifer larvae and juveniles,providing quantitative ontogenetic timelines to address gaps in engraulid developmental biology and contribute to teleost ontogeny research.Larval and juvenile specimens of E.punctifer;size range:3.00-34.56 mm standard length(SL)and notochord length(NL)collected from the Philippine Sea were processed using the standard Alizarin red and Alcian blue clearing-and-staining technique to differentiate ossified and cartilaginous elements.Specimens were examined under a stereo microscope and imaged with an HTC1600ISP digital camera for detailed morphological analysis of skeletal structures.Caudal complex development was evident by 5.55 mm NL,with the initial appearance of cartilaginous hypurals 1–2 and parhypural,followed by Hy3–5 at 6.08 mm NL.Cartilaginous Hy6 was visible by 9.58 mm SL in postflexion larvae.Six hypural bones were present from the postflexion to juvenile stage.Principal fin rays formed via intramembranous ossification at 6.32 mm NL,and segmentation was evident by 10.24 mm SL.Neural arch 1 appeared at 7.38 mm NL,preceding full haemal arch development.Uroneurals 1–2 and ural centra ossified by 9.58 mm SL,with Hy5 detached from U1 at 10.24 mm SL.Preural centra ossified before the arches.Epurals 1 and 2 were evident by 10.24 mm SL.Dorsal fin proximal radials developed anteriorly and distal radials posteriorly.Pectoral fin development initiated with an ossified cleithrum and the coracoscapular cartilage at 5.25 mm NL.By 10.24 mm SL,cartilaginous neural and haemal arches and spines were distinct.Uroneural 1 initially develops as cartilage.The formation of a pleurostyle aligns with clupeoid fish skeletal ontogeny.Dorsal and anal fin development follows a distinctive pattern,with variability in fin support development.Our results reveal accelerated caudal complex formation in E.punctifer and contribute new knowledge on the osteological characteristics of the genus Encrasicholina,and aid in understanding larval and juvenile ontogeny of marine teleosts.展开更多
Composite resin restorations are routinely exposed to acidic and chromogenic beverages that may alter their surface integrity over time.This in-vitro study evaluated the surface roughness behavior of two universal sin...Composite resin restorations are routinely exposed to acidic and chromogenic beverages that may alter their surface integrity over time.This in-vitro study evaluated the surface roughness behavior of two universal single-shade(Unishade)composites and two conventionalmulti-shade composites following immersion in commonly consumed staining solutions and assessed whether repolishing could restore smoothness after degradation.A total of 120 standardized disc specimens were fabricated and allocated to fourmaterial groups,with each group subdivided into distilled water,cola,and coffee immersion subgroups.Surface roughness was recorded at baseline,after one week,after one month,and following a final repolishing step using a standardized multi-step system.The findings demonstrated that Unishade composites exhibited more stable surface characteristics across all immersion periods,with changes consistently remaining below the threshold associated with biofilm accumulation.Conventional composites showed greater variability,particularly in cola,where roughness values increased significantly compared with distilled water and coffee.Repolishing substantially reduced immersion-induced roughness in all materials,although its effectiveness varied depending on composite formulation and beverage acidity.Cola produced the greatest surface alterations across all groups,highlighting the erosive potential of low-pH beverages.These results indicate that Unishade composites possess superior resistance to surface degradation,likely due to their nano-structured filler configuration and less hydrophilic resin matrices,while conventional materials appear more susceptible to acidic challenge.Within the limitations of this study,selecting surface-stable material types and applying appropriate finishing and repolishing protocols may enhance the long-term performance and esthetics of composite restorations.展开更多
Unlike DNA profiling,mRNA profiling is greatly affected by external factors.To analyze the influence of different stain carriers on the detectability of mRNA markers from bloodstains,this study examined 10 carriers,in...Unlike DNA profiling,mRNA profiling is greatly affected by external factors.To analyze the influence of different stain carriers on the detectability of mRNA markers from bloodstains,this study examined 10 carriers,including a knife,cotton swab,paper,plastic,leather,cement,chopsticks,clothes,ceramic block,and wall.After detecting five specific mRNA markers(HBA,HBB,ALAS2,GYPA,and SPTB)and the housekeeping gene B2M in peripheral blood samples,no statistically significant differences in the effects of the carriers were found.The results suggest that when performing mRNA testing on bloodstains,the effect of the stain carrier has little influence.展开更多
Semen stain is one of the most important biological evidence at sexual crime scenes.Age estimation of human semen stains plays an important role in forensic work,and it is rarely studied due to lack of well-establishe...Semen stain is one of the most important biological evidence at sexual crime scenes.Age estimation of human semen stains plays an important role in forensic work,and it is rarely studied due to lack of well-established methods.In this study,the technique called attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR)coupled with advanced chemometric methods was employed to determine the age of semen stains on three different substrates:glass slides,tissues and fabric made of regenerated cellulose fibres up to 6 d.Partial least squares regression(PLSR)was used in conjunction with spectral analysis for age estimation,and the results generated high R2 values(cross-validation:0.81,external validation:0.74)but a narrow margin of error for root mean square error(RMSE)(RMSE of cross-validation:0.77 d,RMSE of prediction:1.02 d).Additionally,our results indicated the robustness of PLSR model was not weaken by the influence of different substrates in this study.Our results indicate that ATR-FTIR,combined with chemometric methods,shows great potential as a convenient and efficient tool for age estimation of semen stains.Moreover,the method could be applied to routine forensic investigations in the future.展开更多
Compared to refined wheat flour,whole wheat flour contains higher nutrients,but its high content of dietary fiber can have a significant impact on the quality of the final product.Therefore,how to enable consumers to ...Compared to refined wheat flour,whole wheat flour contains higher nutrients,but its high content of dietary fiber can have a significant impact on the quality of the final product.Therefore,how to enable consumers to obtain health benefits from whole wheat flour and improve the processing performance of whole wheat products has become a concern.The purpose of this study is to apply 2 strains Bacillus sp.SH and Aspergillus oryzae Y21 with cellulase production capacity and study their adaptability in whole wheat dough.The results indicate that the addition of cellulase-producing strains enhanced the acid production ability of whole wheat dough,rapidly reduced its pH value and insoluble dietary fiber content,and significantly increased the water-soluble arabinoxylan and water-soluble dietary fiber content.During the fermentation process,the viscoelasticity of the dough decreased,free sulfhydryl content increased,wet gluten content decreased,and the degree of reduction was consistent with the degree of acidification.Moreover,the proteolytic activity of the dough was increased,and the hydrolysis of gliadin was the most extensive.SH showed a higher advantage and has been used in whole wheat bread making.Increasing the proportion of strain SH in whole wheat bread can improve the structural characteristics and texture of the bread.When SH(5×10~7 CFU/g)is added to whole wheat bread,its hardness,elasticity,chewiness,and resilience can be similar to those of bread made from control group wheat flour,far exceeding that of whole wheat bread without adding SH.The addition of cellulase producing strains has obvious advantages in the development of whole-wheat dough,and also promote the development of whole wheat fermented foods as staple foods.展开更多
In pathological examinations,tissue must first be stained to meet specific diagnostic requirements,a meticulous process demanding significant time and expertise from specialists.With advancements in deep learning,this...In pathological examinations,tissue must first be stained to meet specific diagnostic requirements,a meticulous process demanding significant time and expertise from specialists.With advancements in deep learning,this staining process can now be achieved through computational methods known as virtual staining.This technique replicates the visual effects of traditional histological staining in pathological imaging,enhancing efficiency and reducing costs.Extensive research in virtual staining for pathology has already demonstrated its effectiveness in generating clinically relevant stained images across a variety of diagnostic scenarios.Unlike previous reviews that broadly cover the clinical applications of virtual staining,this paper focuses on the technical methodologies,encompassing current models,datasets,and evaluation methods.It highlights the unique challenges of virtual staining compared to traditional image translation,discusses limitations in existing work,and explores future perspectives.Adopting a macro perspective,we avoid overly intricate technical details to make the content accessible to clinical experts.Additionally,we provide a brief introduction to the purpose of virtual staining from a medical standpoint,which may inspire algorithm-focused researchers.This paper aims to promote a deeper understanding of interdisciplinary knowledge between algorithm developers and clinicians,fostering the integration of technical solutions and medical expertise in the development of virtual staining models.This collaboration seeks to create more efficient,generalized,and versatile virtual staining models for a wide range of clinical applications.展开更多
Histopathological analysis of chronic wounds is crucial for clinicians to accurately assess wound healing progress and detect potential malignancy.However,traditional pathological tissue sections require specific stai...Histopathological analysis of chronic wounds is crucial for clinicians to accurately assess wound healing progress and detect potential malignancy.However,traditional pathological tissue sections require specific staining procedures involving carcinogenic chemicals.This study proposes an interdisciplinary approach merging materials science,medicine,and artificial intelligence(AI)to develop a virtual staining technique and intelligent evaluation model based on deep learning for chronic wound tissue pathology.This innovation aims to enhance clinical diagnosis and treatment by offering personalized AI-driven therapeutic strategies.By establishing a mouse model of chronic wounds and using a series of hydrogel wound dressings,tissue pathology sections were periodically collected for manual staining and healing assessment.We focused on leveraging the pix2pix image translation framework within deep learning networks.Through CNN models implemented in Python using PyTorch,our study involves learning and feature extraction for region segmentation of pathological slides.Comparative analysis between virtual staining and manual staining results,along with healing diagnosis conclusions,aims to optimize AI models.Ultimately,this approach integrates new metrics such as image recognition,quantitative analysis,and digital diagnostics to formulate an intelligent wound assessment model,facilitating smart monitoring and personalized treatment of wounds.In blind evaluation by pathologists,minimal disparities were found between virtual and conventional histologically stained images of murine wound tissue.The evaluation used pathologists’average scores on real stained images as a benchmark.The scores for virtual stained images were 71.1%for cellular features,75.4%for tissue structures,and 77.8%for overall assessment.Metrics such as PSNR(20.265)and SSIM(0.634)demonstrated our algorithms’superior performance over existing networks.Eight pathological features such as epidermis,hair follicles,and granulation tissue can be accurately identified,and the images were found to be more faithful to the actual tissue feature distribution when compared to manually annotated data.展开更多
Objective and Impact Statement:We present a panel of virtual staining neural networks for lung and heart transplant biopsies,providing rapid and high-quality histological staining results while bypassing the tradition...Objective and Impact Statement:We present a panel of virtual staining neural networks for lung and heart transplant biopsies,providing rapid and high-quality histological staining results while bypassing the traditional histochemical staining process.Introduction:Allograft rejection is a common complication of organ transplantation,which can lead to life-threatening outcomes if not promptly managed.Histological examination is the gold standard method for evaluating organ transplant rejection status,as it provides detailed insights into rejection signatures at the cellular level.Nevertheless,the traditional histochemical staining process is time-consuming,costly,and labor-intensive since transplant biopsy evaluations typically necessitate multiple stains.Furthermore,once these tissue slides are stained,they cannot be reused for other ancillary tests.More importantly,suboptimal handling of very small tissue fragments from transplant biopsies may impede their effective histochemical staining,and color variations across different laboratories or batches can hinder efficient histological analysis by pathologists.Methods:To mitigate these challenges,we developed a panel of virtual staining neural networks for lung and heart transplant biopsies,which digitally convert autofluorescence microscopic images of label-free tissue sections into their bright-field histologically stained counterparts—bypassing the traditional histochemical staining process.Specifically,we virtually generated hematoxylin and eosin(H&E),Masson’s Trichrome(MT),and elastic Verhoeff-Van Gieson stains for label-free transplant lung tissue,along with H&E and MT stains for label-free transplant heart tissue.Results:Blind evaluations conducted by 3 board-certified pathologists confirmed that the virtual staining networks consistently produce high-quality histology images with high color uniformity,closely resembling their well-stained histochemical counterparts across various tissue features.The use of virtually stained images for the evaluation of transplant biopsies achieved comparable diagnostic outcomes to those obtained via traditional histochemical staining,with a concordance rate of 82.4%for lung samples and 91.7%for heart samples.Moreover,virtual staining models create multiple stains from the same autofluorescence input,eliminating structural mismatches observed between adjacent sections stained in the traditional workflow,while also saving tissue,expert time,and staining costs.Conclusion:The presented virtual staining panels provide an effective alternative to conventional histochemical staining for transplant biopsy evaluation.These virtual staining panels have the potential to enhance the clinical diagnostic workflow for organ transplant rejection and improve the performance of downstream automated models for the analysis of transplant biopsies.展开更多
Recently,Mueller matrix(MM)polarimetric imaging-assisted pathology detection methods are showing great potential in clinical diagnosis.However,since our human eyes cannot observe polarized light directly,it raises a n...Recently,Mueller matrix(MM)polarimetric imaging-assisted pathology detection methods are showing great potential in clinical diagnosis.However,since our human eyes cannot observe polarized light directly,it raises a notable challenge for interpreting the measurement results by pathologists who have limited familiarity with polarization images.One feasible approach is to combine MM polarimetric imaging with virtual staining techniques to generate standardized stained images,inheriting the advantages of information-abundant MM polarimetric imaging.In this study,we develop a model using unpaired MM polarimetric images and bright-field images for generating standard hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)stained tissue images.Compared with the existing polarization virtual staining techniques primarily based on the model training with paired images,the proposed Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks(CycleGAN)-based model simplifies data acquisition and data preprocessing to a great extent.The outcomes demonstrate the feasibility of training CycleGAN with unpaired polarization images and their corresponding bright-field images as a viable approach,which provides an intuitive manner for pathologists for future polarization-assisted digital pathology.展开更多
The abundance of live and dead Oithona similis in Jiaozhou Bay,Shandong,China,was investigated monthly from December 2008 to November 2009 via the neutral red staining method.The annual variation in total abundance wa...The abundance of live and dead Oithona similis in Jiaozhou Bay,Shandong,China,was investigated monthly from December 2008 to November 2009 via the neutral red staining method.The annual variation in total abundance was similar for females,males,and copepodites,with a main numerical peak from February to July and a minor peak in November,but the variations in carcass abundance and death proportion were different.The monthly average abundance of male and copepodite carcasses significantly increased with their total abundance(P<0.001),whereas no such correlation was observed for females.The abundance of female carcasses peaked at 12.4 inds./m^(3) in November but remained below 3.0 inds./m^(3) in all other months.The monthly average death proportion ranged 0.3%-4.9% for females,3.6%-25.7% for males,and 2.6%-8.4% for copepodites.On average,the death proportion of males was 9.2 times greater than that of females and 3.5 times greater than that of copepodites.Therefore,significant sexual difference exists in the non-predatory mortality of O.similis and this difference is an important cause of the female-skewed sex ratios observed in the field.展开更多
With the deepening of epigenetic research,studies have shown that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is closely related to the development of rheumatoid arthritis(RA),but the mechanism is still unclear.In the study,we collecte...With the deepening of epigenetic research,studies have shown that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is closely related to the development of rheumatoid arthritis(RA),but the mechanism is still unclear.In the study,we collected synovial tissues from normal controls and patients with osteoarthritis(OA)or RA.The levels of m^(6)A and inflammation were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting.The roles of IGF2BP3 in cell proliferation and inflammatory activation were explored using transfection and RNA immunoprecipitation assays.IGF2BP3^(−/−)mice were generated and used to establish an arthritis mouse model by transferring serum from adult arthritis K/BxN mice.We found m^(6)A levels were markedly increased in RA patients and mouse models,and the expression of IGF2BP3 was upregulated in individuals with RA and related to the levels of inflammatory markers.IGF2BP3 played an important part in RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS)by promoting cell proliferation,migration,invasion,inflammatory cytokine release and inhibiting autophagy.In addition,IGF2BP3 inhibited autophagy to reduce ROS production,thereby decreasing the inflammatory activation of macrophages.More importantly,RASGRF1-mediated mTORC1 activation played a crucial role in the ability of IGF2BP3 to promote cell proliferation and inflammatory activation.In an arthritis model of IGF2BP3^(−/−)mice,IGF2BP3 knockout inhibited RA-FLS proliferation and inflammatory infiltration,and further ameliorated RA joint injury.Our study revealed an important role for IGF2BP3 in RA progression.The targeted inhibition of IGF2BP3 reduced cell proliferation and inflammatory activation and limited RA development,providing a potential strategy for RA therapy.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61227807by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under contracts 2006AA02Z472,001CB510307 and 2009CB929400+1 种基金by the Ministryof Education of China Grant 20130002110079 for Doctoral Programby the Tsinghua Initiative Scientific Research Program Grant 2013THZ02-3.
文摘Optical coherence tomography(OCT)enables in vivo imaging of port wine stains(PWS)lesions.The knowledge of vascular struct ure and epidermal thickness(ET)of PWS may aid the objectivediagnosis and optimal treatment.To obtain the structural parameters more rapidly and avoiduser intervention,an automated algorithm of energy map is introduced based on intensity andedge information to extract the skin surface using dynamic programming method.Subsequently,an averaged A-scan analysis is performed to obtain the mean ET and the relative intensity ofdermis indicating the corresponding vascular density.This approach is currently successfullyapplied in clinical diagnosis and shows promising guidance and assessment of PDT treatment.
文摘Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis, are quarantine pests of potato which cause significant damage to production and farm gate revenue worldwide. Accurately assessing viability of PCN eggs is important for eradication and management programs. The goal of this study was to develop a quick and reliable fluorescent staining method to evaluate viability of G. pallida and Globodera ellingtonae eggs. The staining efficiency of eight fluorescent stains was evaluated using G. pallida eggs compared with the conventional Meldola’s Blue (MB) staining method. The staining efficiency of the fluorescent stains ranged from 80.33 ± 2.99 (Sytox Green) to 100% (Acridine Orange) for non-viable eggs. Two stains were further evaluated for their efficiency in assessing viability of encysted eggs from five different greenhouse-reared G. pallida cyst sources which contained both viable and non-viable eggs. For the G. pallida cyst sources, viability ofencysted eggs were estimated to be 41.02 ± 3.81 to 62.66% ± 3.12% when stained with Acridine Orange (AO) and 79.52% ± 1.54% viability for G. ellingtonae. Both staining time and stain concentration were significant for staining efficiency of released and encysted eggs. Staining time and concentration were optimized for released eggs at 4 h at 10 μg/ml and for encysted eggs at 16 h at 25 μg/ml respectively for AO. Fluorescent stains accurately and rapidly assessed percent egg viability and were determined to be as sensitive as a seven-day incubation with the Meldola’s Blue staining method.
文摘To assess the effectiveness of the flashlamp- pumped pulsed dye laser (Photogeneca V, Synosure Corp, Boston, United States) in the treatment of port- wine stains. Methods. One hundred and ninety- four consecutive patients with port- wine stains were treated with a flashlamp- pumped pulsed dye laser in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1998 to August 1999. Results. Of 194 patients who completed treatment, 56.2％ had more than 60％ fading of the lesion and only 6.7％ had less than 20％ fading. An average of 3.6 treatments were needed to achieve more than 60％ fading. The response was better in children than in adults, although the difference was not significant. Pigmentary change (usually transient) occurred in 3.1％ of patients. Conclusions. This study confirms the efficacy of the flashlamp- pumped pulsed dye laser in the treatment of port- wine stains in children and adults.
文摘Helicobacter pylori is the microbial agent most responsible for gastro-duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis, which can develop into carcinoma of the stomach. This study was performed in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital, Sudan to detect Helicobacter pylori in stomach samples, and evaluate the performance of the tests used, which were histological stains and PCR. Gastric biopsies were obtained from 105 referred patients during endoscopy, and fixed specimens examined by haematoxylin-eosin and Warthin-Starry silver stains, while DNA was extracted for glmM gene amplification. Epigastric pain was the most common symptom at 78% (82/105) and chronic gastritis recorded with 71% (68/105) of endoscopy results. Warthin-Starry silver stain gave 31% (33/105) as positive for Helicobacter pylori followed by glmM gene 27% (28/105) and haematoxylin-eosin 24% (25/105). The study indicated good performance of histological staining and high specificity of glmM gene in detection of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies.
文摘Background:The treatment of port-wine stains(PWS)becomes extremely difficult due to age-related malformation of the vasculature.In this study,we used alternative methods to treat hypertrophic PWS.Methods:A short-pulsed CO_(2) laser was applied to ablate the hypertrophic vasculature of PWS.The ablation was ended when the wound was on the same plane as normal skin.The long-pulsed neodymium-doped yttriumaluminum-garnet(lpNd:YAG)laser was primarily applied to coagulate and subsequently liquefy the hypertrophic vasculature of the PWS.The therapeutic energy used in treating different lesions should be carefully regulated to significantly affect the treatment outcomes.Results:The two cases presented herein demonstrated substantial improvement in hypertrophic vasculature that was largely removed.The skin was resurfaced,although some scar formation and mild hypopigmentation occurred.Conclusion:We suggest the use of short-pulsed CO_(2) and lpNd:YAG lasers for treating certain cases of hypertrophic PWS.When using a short-pulsed CO_(2) laser,it is wise to judge the treatment endpoint and take appropriate precautions to avoid intraoperative bleeding.When using an lpNd:YAG laser,the therapeutic energy should be controlled according to the thickness of the lesion to reduce scar formation.
文摘The imperfect material effect is one of the most important themes to obtain photo-realistic results in rendering.Textile material rendering has always been a key area in the field of computer graphics.So far,a great deal of effort has been invested in its unique appearance and physics-based simulation.The appearance of the dyeing effect commonly found in textiles has received little attention.This paper introduces techniques for simulation of staining effects on textiles.Pulling,wearing,squeezing,tearing,and breaking effects are more common imperfect effects of fabrics,these external forces will cause changes in the fabric structure,thus affecting the diffusion effect of stains.Based on the microstructure of yarn,we handle the effect of the stain on the imperfect textile surface.Our simulation results can achieve a photo-realistic effect.
文摘A whitening toothpaste containing pyrrolidone groups was developed.Through the stain-removal experiment on the hydroxyapatite discs with tobacco stains,the stain-removal abilities of ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer and its toothpaste were studied.The results showed that the new toothpaste containing pyrrolidone groups had good whitening effect.The new whitening toothpaste had good safety and it had no damage to the soft and hard tissues.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science&Technology Pillar Program(2015BAD19B05).
文摘The quality of egg is mainly influenced by the dirt adhering to its shell.Even with good farm-management practices and careful handling,a small percentage of dirty eggs will be produced.The purpose of this research was to detect the egg stains by using image processing technique.Compared to the color values,the local texture was found to be much more adept at accurately segmenting of the complex and miscellaneous dirt stains on the egg shell.Firstly,the global threshold of the image was obtained by two-peak method.The irrelevant background was removed by using the global threshold and the interested region was acquired.The local texture information extracted from the interested region was taken as the input of fuzzy C-means clustering for segmentation of the dirt stains.According to the principle of projection,the area of dirt stains on the curved egg surface was accurately calculated.The validation experimental results showed that the proposed method for classifying eggs in terms of stain has the specificity of 91.4%for white eggs and 89.5%for brown eggs.
文摘Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet little is known about its osteological development characteristics.Understanding these ontogenetic patterns is essential for explaining phylogenetic relationships within Clupeiformes,informing larval identification in ichthyoplankton surveys,and enhancing aquaculture practices.This study describes the ontogenetic characteristics of the appendicular and median skeletons and fin supports in E.punctifer larvae and juveniles,providing quantitative ontogenetic timelines to address gaps in engraulid developmental biology and contribute to teleost ontogeny research.Larval and juvenile specimens of E.punctifer;size range:3.00-34.56 mm standard length(SL)and notochord length(NL)collected from the Philippine Sea were processed using the standard Alizarin red and Alcian blue clearing-and-staining technique to differentiate ossified and cartilaginous elements.Specimens were examined under a stereo microscope and imaged with an HTC1600ISP digital camera for detailed morphological analysis of skeletal structures.Caudal complex development was evident by 5.55 mm NL,with the initial appearance of cartilaginous hypurals 1–2 and parhypural,followed by Hy3–5 at 6.08 mm NL.Cartilaginous Hy6 was visible by 9.58 mm SL in postflexion larvae.Six hypural bones were present from the postflexion to juvenile stage.Principal fin rays formed via intramembranous ossification at 6.32 mm NL,and segmentation was evident by 10.24 mm SL.Neural arch 1 appeared at 7.38 mm NL,preceding full haemal arch development.Uroneurals 1–2 and ural centra ossified by 9.58 mm SL,with Hy5 detached from U1 at 10.24 mm SL.Preural centra ossified before the arches.Epurals 1 and 2 were evident by 10.24 mm SL.Dorsal fin proximal radials developed anteriorly and distal radials posteriorly.Pectoral fin development initiated with an ossified cleithrum and the coracoscapular cartilage at 5.25 mm NL.By 10.24 mm SL,cartilaginous neural and haemal arches and spines were distinct.Uroneural 1 initially develops as cartilage.The formation of a pleurostyle aligns with clupeoid fish skeletal ontogeny.Dorsal and anal fin development follows a distinctive pattern,with variability in fin support development.Our results reveal accelerated caudal complex formation in E.punctifer and contribute new knowledge on the osteological characteristics of the genus Encrasicholina,and aid in understanding larval and juvenile ontogeny of marine teleosts.
文摘Composite resin restorations are routinely exposed to acidic and chromogenic beverages that may alter their surface integrity over time.This in-vitro study evaluated the surface roughness behavior of two universal single-shade(Unishade)composites and two conventionalmulti-shade composites following immersion in commonly consumed staining solutions and assessed whether repolishing could restore smoothness after degradation.A total of 120 standardized disc specimens were fabricated and allocated to fourmaterial groups,with each group subdivided into distilled water,cola,and coffee immersion subgroups.Surface roughness was recorded at baseline,after one week,after one month,and following a final repolishing step using a standardized multi-step system.The findings demonstrated that Unishade composites exhibited more stable surface characteristics across all immersion periods,with changes consistently remaining below the threshold associated with biofilm accumulation.Conventional composites showed greater variability,particularly in cola,where roughness values increased significantly compared with distilled water and coffee.Repolishing substantially reduced immersion-induced roughness in all materials,although its effectiveness varied depending on composite formulation and beverage acidity.Cola produced the greatest surface alterations across all groups,highlighting the erosive potential of low-pH beverages.These results indicate that Unishade composites possess superior resistance to surface degradation,likely due to their nano-structured filler configuration and less hydrophilic resin matrices,while conventional materials appear more susceptible to acidic challenge.Within the limitations of this study,selecting surface-stable material types and applying appropriate finishing and repolishing protocols may enhance the long-term performance and esthetics of composite restorations.
基金This study is funded by the basic research fund of the central public welfare research institute (2020JB001).
文摘Unlike DNA profiling,mRNA profiling is greatly affected by external factors.To analyze the influence of different stain carriers on the detectability of mRNA markers from bloodstains,this study examined 10 carriers,including a knife,cotton swab,paper,plastic,leather,cement,chopsticks,clothes,ceramic block,and wall.After detecting five specific mRNA markers(HBA,HBB,ALAS2,GYPA,and SPTB)and the housekeeping gene B2M in peripheral blood samples,no statistically significant differences in the effects of the carriers were found.The results suggest that when performing mRNA testing on bloodstains,the effect of the stain carrier has little influence.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 81730056].
文摘Semen stain is one of the most important biological evidence at sexual crime scenes.Age estimation of human semen stains plays an important role in forensic work,and it is rarely studied due to lack of well-established methods.In this study,the technique called attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR)coupled with advanced chemometric methods was employed to determine the age of semen stains on three different substrates:glass slides,tissues and fabric made of regenerated cellulose fibres up to 6 d.Partial least squares regression(PLSR)was used in conjunction with spectral analysis for age estimation,and the results generated high R2 values(cross-validation:0.81,external validation:0.74)but a narrow margin of error for root mean square error(RMSE)(RMSE of cross-validation:0.77 d,RMSE of prediction:1.02 d).Additionally,our results indicated the robustness of PLSR model was not weaken by the influence of different substrates in this study.Our results indicate that ATR-FTIR,combined with chemometric methods,shows great potential as a convenient and efficient tool for age estimation of semen stains.Moreover,the method could be applied to routine forensic investigations in the future.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330081)。
文摘Compared to refined wheat flour,whole wheat flour contains higher nutrients,but its high content of dietary fiber can have a significant impact on the quality of the final product.Therefore,how to enable consumers to obtain health benefits from whole wheat flour and improve the processing performance of whole wheat products has become a concern.The purpose of this study is to apply 2 strains Bacillus sp.SH and Aspergillus oryzae Y21 with cellulase production capacity and study their adaptability in whole wheat dough.The results indicate that the addition of cellulase-producing strains enhanced the acid production ability of whole wheat dough,rapidly reduced its pH value and insoluble dietary fiber content,and significantly increased the water-soluble arabinoxylan and water-soluble dietary fiber content.During the fermentation process,the viscoelasticity of the dough decreased,free sulfhydryl content increased,wet gluten content decreased,and the degree of reduction was consistent with the degree of acidification.Moreover,the proteolytic activity of the dough was increased,and the hydrolysis of gliadin was the most extensive.SH showed a higher advantage and has been used in whole wheat bread making.Increasing the proportion of strain SH in whole wheat bread can improve the structural characteristics and texture of the bread.When SH(5×10~7 CFU/g)is added to whole wheat bread,its hardness,elasticity,chewiness,and resilience can be similar to those of bread made from control group wheat flour,far exceeding that of whole wheat bread without adding SH.The addition of cellulase producing strains has obvious advantages in the development of whole-wheat dough,and also promote the development of whole wheat fermented foods as staple foods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62371409Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 2023J01005.
文摘In pathological examinations,tissue must first be stained to meet specific diagnostic requirements,a meticulous process demanding significant time and expertise from specialists.With advancements in deep learning,this staining process can now be achieved through computational methods known as virtual staining.This technique replicates the visual effects of traditional histological staining in pathological imaging,enhancing efficiency and reducing costs.Extensive research in virtual staining for pathology has already demonstrated its effectiveness in generating clinically relevant stained images across a variety of diagnostic scenarios.Unlike previous reviews that broadly cover the clinical applications of virtual staining,this paper focuses on the technical methodologies,encompassing current models,datasets,and evaluation methods.It highlights the unique challenges of virtual staining compared to traditional image translation,discusses limitations in existing work,and explores future perspectives.Adopting a macro perspective,we avoid overly intricate technical details to make the content accessible to clinical experts.Additionally,we provide a brief introduction to the purpose of virtual staining from a medical standpoint,which may inspire algorithm-focused researchers.This paper aims to promote a deeper understanding of interdisciplinary knowledge between algorithm developers and clinicians,fostering the integration of technical solutions and medical expertise in the development of virtual staining models.This collaboration seeks to create more efficient,generalized,and versatile virtual staining models for a wide range of clinical applications.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20720230037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273305)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2023J05012)State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases,Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory(Nos.2023XAKJ0103071,2023XAKJ0102061)Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20227010).
文摘Histopathological analysis of chronic wounds is crucial for clinicians to accurately assess wound healing progress and detect potential malignancy.However,traditional pathological tissue sections require specific staining procedures involving carcinogenic chemicals.This study proposes an interdisciplinary approach merging materials science,medicine,and artificial intelligence(AI)to develop a virtual staining technique and intelligent evaluation model based on deep learning for chronic wound tissue pathology.This innovation aims to enhance clinical diagnosis and treatment by offering personalized AI-driven therapeutic strategies.By establishing a mouse model of chronic wounds and using a series of hydrogel wound dressings,tissue pathology sections were periodically collected for manual staining and healing assessment.We focused on leveraging the pix2pix image translation framework within deep learning networks.Through CNN models implemented in Python using PyTorch,our study involves learning and feature extraction for region segmentation of pathological slides.Comparative analysis between virtual staining and manual staining results,along with healing diagnosis conclusions,aims to optimize AI models.Ultimately,this approach integrates new metrics such as image recognition,quantitative analysis,and digital diagnostics to formulate an intelligent wound assessment model,facilitating smart monitoring and personalized treatment of wounds.In blind evaluation by pathologists,minimal disparities were found between virtual and conventional histologically stained images of murine wound tissue.The evaluation used pathologists’average scores on real stained images as a benchmark.The scores for virtual stained images were 71.1%for cellular features,75.4%for tissue structures,and 77.8%for overall assessment.Metrics such as PSNR(20.265)and SSIM(0.634)demonstrated our algorithms’superior performance over existing networks.Eight pathological features such as epidermis,hair follicles,and granulation tissue can be accurately identified,and the images were found to be more faithful to the actual tissue feature distribution when compared to manually annotated data.
基金support of NIH P41N.P.is partially supported by a PhRMA Foundation Translational Medicine Postdoctoral Fellowship.
文摘Objective and Impact Statement:We present a panel of virtual staining neural networks for lung and heart transplant biopsies,providing rapid and high-quality histological staining results while bypassing the traditional histochemical staining process.Introduction:Allograft rejection is a common complication of organ transplantation,which can lead to life-threatening outcomes if not promptly managed.Histological examination is the gold standard method for evaluating organ transplant rejection status,as it provides detailed insights into rejection signatures at the cellular level.Nevertheless,the traditional histochemical staining process is time-consuming,costly,and labor-intensive since transplant biopsy evaluations typically necessitate multiple stains.Furthermore,once these tissue slides are stained,they cannot be reused for other ancillary tests.More importantly,suboptimal handling of very small tissue fragments from transplant biopsies may impede their effective histochemical staining,and color variations across different laboratories or batches can hinder efficient histological analysis by pathologists.Methods:To mitigate these challenges,we developed a panel of virtual staining neural networks for lung and heart transplant biopsies,which digitally convert autofluorescence microscopic images of label-free tissue sections into their bright-field histologically stained counterparts—bypassing the traditional histochemical staining process.Specifically,we virtually generated hematoxylin and eosin(H&E),Masson’s Trichrome(MT),and elastic Verhoeff-Van Gieson stains for label-free transplant lung tissue,along with H&E and MT stains for label-free transplant heart tissue.Results:Blind evaluations conducted by 3 board-certified pathologists confirmed that the virtual staining networks consistently produce high-quality histology images with high color uniformity,closely resembling their well-stained histochemical counterparts across various tissue features.The use of virtually stained images for the evaluation of transplant biopsies achieved comparable diagnostic outcomes to those obtained via traditional histochemical staining,with a concordance rate of 82.4%for lung samples and 91.7%for heart samples.Moreover,virtual staining models create multiple stains from the same autofluorescence input,eliminating structural mismatches observed between adjacent sections stained in the traditional workflow,while also saving tissue,expert time,and staining costs.Conclusion:The presented virtual staining panels provide an effective alternative to conventional histochemical staining for transplant biopsy evaluation.These virtual staining panels have the potential to enhance the clinical diagnostic workflow for organ transplant rejection and improve the performance of downstream automated models for the analysis of transplant biopsies.
基金Shenzhen Key Fundamental Research Project(No.JCYJ20210324120012035).
文摘Recently,Mueller matrix(MM)polarimetric imaging-assisted pathology detection methods are showing great potential in clinical diagnosis.However,since our human eyes cannot observe polarized light directly,it raises a notable challenge for interpreting the measurement results by pathologists who have limited familiarity with polarization images.One feasible approach is to combine MM polarimetric imaging with virtual staining techniques to generate standardized stained images,inheriting the advantages of information-abundant MM polarimetric imaging.In this study,we develop a model using unpaired MM polarimetric images and bright-field images for generating standard hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)stained tissue images.Compared with the existing polarization virtual staining techniques primarily based on the model training with paired images,the proposed Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks(CycleGAN)-based model simplifies data acquisition and data preprocessing to a great extent.The outcomes demonstrate the feasibility of training CycleGAN with unpaired polarization images and their corresponding bright-field images as a viable approach,which provides an intuitive manner for pathologists for future polarization-assisted digital pathology.
基金Supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2020QC043)。
文摘The abundance of live and dead Oithona similis in Jiaozhou Bay,Shandong,China,was investigated monthly from December 2008 to November 2009 via the neutral red staining method.The annual variation in total abundance was similar for females,males,and copepodites,with a main numerical peak from February to July and a minor peak in November,but the variations in carcass abundance and death proportion were different.The monthly average abundance of male and copepodite carcasses significantly increased with their total abundance(P<0.001),whereas no such correlation was observed for females.The abundance of female carcasses peaked at 12.4 inds./m^(3) in November but remained below 3.0 inds./m^(3) in all other months.The monthly average death proportion ranged 0.3%-4.9% for females,3.6%-25.7% for males,and 2.6%-8.4% for copepodites.On average,the death proportion of males was 9.2 times greater than that of females and 3.5 times greater than that of copepodites.Therefore,significant sexual difference exists in the non-predatory mortality of O.similis and this difference is an important cause of the female-skewed sex ratios observed in the field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20374,52373273)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding of China-Japan Friendship Hospital(Grant number:2024-NHLHCRF-JBGSWZ-02).
文摘With the deepening of epigenetic research,studies have shown that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is closely related to the development of rheumatoid arthritis(RA),but the mechanism is still unclear.In the study,we collected synovial tissues from normal controls and patients with osteoarthritis(OA)or RA.The levels of m^(6)A and inflammation were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting.The roles of IGF2BP3 in cell proliferation and inflammatory activation were explored using transfection and RNA immunoprecipitation assays.IGF2BP3^(−/−)mice were generated and used to establish an arthritis mouse model by transferring serum from adult arthritis K/BxN mice.We found m^(6)A levels were markedly increased in RA patients and mouse models,and the expression of IGF2BP3 was upregulated in individuals with RA and related to the levels of inflammatory markers.IGF2BP3 played an important part in RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS)by promoting cell proliferation,migration,invasion,inflammatory cytokine release and inhibiting autophagy.In addition,IGF2BP3 inhibited autophagy to reduce ROS production,thereby decreasing the inflammatory activation of macrophages.More importantly,RASGRF1-mediated mTORC1 activation played a crucial role in the ability of IGF2BP3 to promote cell proliferation and inflammatory activation.In an arthritis model of IGF2BP3^(−/−)mice,IGF2BP3 knockout inhibited RA-FLS proliferation and inflammatory infiltration,and further ameliorated RA joint injury.Our study revealed an important role for IGF2BP3 in RA progression.The targeted inhibition of IGF2BP3 reduced cell proliferation and inflammatory activation and limited RA development,providing a potential strategy for RA therapy.
