The structure and catalytic properties of SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ perovskite type catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have been studied by using X ray diffraction (XRD), X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ...The structure and catalytic properties of SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ perovskite type catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have been studied by using X ray diffraction (XRD), X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Temperature programmed desorption (O2 TPD) methods. It has been shown that doping Mg2+ cations to the B site of SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ perovskite type catalysts results in the formation of oxygen vacancies in the lattices of oxide catalysts. With increasing the amount of Mg2+ doped in the B site of SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ , methane conversion and C2 selectivity first increase and then decrease remarkably. The SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ catalyst with x=0.1 has the highest methane conversion and C2 yield. It is suggested that the oxygen vacancies produced by Mg2+ cations doping are the sites responsible for oxygen activation, and the adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ catalysts are the main active species for OCM reaction. However, the over high content of the adsorbed oxygen species on the surface results in the complete oxidation of methane. Introducing water steam into feedstock can improve the catalytic properties of SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ perovskite type catalysts for OCM reaction at lower temperature. The SrTi0.9Mg0.1O3- δ catalyst has the methane conversion of 28.0 % with C2 hydrocarbons selectivity of 36.8 % under reaction temperature of 550 ℃ .展开更多
The structure and catalytic properties of SrTi0.9M0.1O3- δ (M=Mg,Al, Zr) perovskite type catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have been studied by using X ray diffraction (XRD),X ray photoelectron spectr...The structure and catalytic properties of SrTi0.9M0.1O3- δ (M=Mg,Al, Zr) perovskite type catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have been studied by using X ray diffraction (XRD),X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption of oxygen(O2 TPD) methods. It has been shown that doping the cations of lower valence (e.g. Mg2+ , Al3+ ) to the B site of SrTi0.9M0.1O3- δ perovskite type catalysts results in the higher content of adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of catalysts and thus higher C2 selectivity for OCM reaction. It is suggested that the oxygen vacancies of SrTi0.9M0.1O3- δ (M=Mg, Al, Zr) perovskite type catalysts are the sites responsible for oxygen activation, and the adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of SrTi0.9M0.1O3- δ catalysts are the main active species for OCM reaction.展开更多
针对现有单站电离层行波扰动指数(Single Receiver TID Index,SRTI)探测中尺度电离层行波扰动时探测周期范围有限的问题,本文提出了一种改进的SRTI方法,以提高探测扰动周期的适用范围.介绍了利用SRTI和改进的SRTI探测中尺度电离层行波...针对现有单站电离层行波扰动指数(Single Receiver TID Index,SRTI)探测中尺度电离层行波扰动时探测周期范围有限的问题,本文提出了一种改进的SRTI方法,以提高探测扰动周期的适用范围.介绍了利用SRTI和改进的SRTI探测中尺度电离层行波扰动的原理,从理论上分析比较了二者探测扰动周期范围的能力,并采用美国加州南部的5个IGS站2012年年积日189的GPS观测数据,对电离层扰动进行了分析.结果显示在21∶30—23∶00LT时,扰动观测序列存在周期为15min和39min的扰动波,但是现有SRTI方法只探测到了前者,而改进的SRTI法很好地探测到了两个周期的扰动波,表明其对短周期和较长周期的扰动均具有较好的灵敏性.利用改进的SRTI法计算的扰动观测序列,应用傅里叶变换相位差分法估计了电离层扰动的传播参数,其结果总体上与前人研究成果一致,这表明改进的SRTI法完全可以应用于电离层行波扰动的研究中,而且由于计算简单,在处理大量数据时具有一定优势.展开更多
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Sr Ti_(0.6)Fe_(0.4)O_(3-δ),通过掺杂少量YSZ制备YSZ-Sr Ti_(0.6)Fe_(0.4)O_(3-δ)复相陶瓷。采用电化学工作站测试样品电子-离子混合传导及离子传导的阻抗谱和频谱特性,结果表明,YSZ-Sr Ti_(0.6)Fe_(0.4)O_(3-δ...采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Sr Ti_(0.6)Fe_(0.4)O_(3-δ),通过掺杂少量YSZ制备YSZ-Sr Ti_(0.6)Fe_(0.4)O_(3-δ)复相陶瓷。采用电化学工作站测试样品电子-离子混合传导及离子传导的阻抗谱和频谱特性,结果表明,YSZ-Sr Ti_(0.6)Fe_(0.4)O_(3-δ)在电子-离子混合传导过程中存在三种不同的极化过程,分别来自于晶粒,晶界和电极/样品,通过等效电路对阻抗谱的拟合,活化能分别为0.16 e V,0.62 e V和0.42 e V,随温度的升高,晶粒弛豫不明显,样品电阻主要由晶界的极化过程控制;在离子传导过程中,只存在一个晶界弛豫过程,晶界弛豫随温度的升高而减小,试样的弛豫时间为~0.13-0.29 s。展开更多
Thermoelectric devices enable direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy.Recent studies have indicated that the thin film/substrate heterostructure is effective in achieving high thermoelectric performanc...Thermoelectric devices enable direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy.Recent studies have indicated that the thin film/substrate heterostructure is effective in achieving high thermoelectric performance via decoupling the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity otherwise adversely inter-dependent in homogenous bulk materials.However,the mechanism underlying the thin film/substrate heterostructure thermoelectricity remains unclear.In addition,the power output of the thin film/substrate heterostructure is limited to the nanowatt scale to date,falling short of the practical application requirement.Here,we fabricated the CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) heterostructures with high thermoelectric output power and outstanding thermal stability.By varying the CrN film thickness and the reduction degree of CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) substrate,the optimized power output and the power density have respectively reached 276μWand 10^(8) mW/cm^(2) for the 30 nm CrN film on a highly reduced surface of CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) under a temperature difference of 300 K.The performance enhancement is attributed to the CrN/CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) heterointerface,corroborated by the band bending as revealed by the scanning Kelvin probe microscopy.These results will stimulate further research efforts towards interface thermoelectrics.展开更多
SrTi1-yMgyO3 films were synthesized through sol-gel method on p^+-Si substrates. The effects of Mg doping concentration on the microstructure, switching behavior and properties of SrTi1-yMgyO3 films were investigated....SrTi1-yMgyO3 films were synthesized through sol-gel method on p^+-Si substrates. The effects of Mg doping concentration on the microstructure, switching behavior and properties of SrTi1-yMgyO3 films were investigated. All SrTi1-yMgyO3 films are polycrystalline, but the grain becomes coarser, and the number of holes is reduced when the Mg doping content increases from 0.04 to 0.16. SrTi1-yMgyO3 films with different Mg doping concentrations all show bipolar resistive switching behaviors but display some differences in switching properties. When y=0.08, the SrTi1-yMgyO3 films show the largest RHRS/RLRS of 105 and better fatigue endurance after 103 cycles. When y≥0.08, the distribution of Vset and Vreset is narrow, indicating good stability of writing and erasing data for a resistive random access memory. At high-resistance state, the dominant conduction mechanism of SrTi1-yMgyO3 films is the Schottky emission mechanism. However, at low-resistance state, the dominant conduction mechanisms are the filamentary conduction and changes to space charge limited current when y=0.16.展开更多
文摘The structure and catalytic properties of SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ perovskite type catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have been studied by using X ray diffraction (XRD), X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Temperature programmed desorption (O2 TPD) methods. It has been shown that doping Mg2+ cations to the B site of SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ perovskite type catalysts results in the formation of oxygen vacancies in the lattices of oxide catalysts. With increasing the amount of Mg2+ doped in the B site of SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ , methane conversion and C2 selectivity first increase and then decrease remarkably. The SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ catalyst with x=0.1 has the highest methane conversion and C2 yield. It is suggested that the oxygen vacancies produced by Mg2+ cations doping are the sites responsible for oxygen activation, and the adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ catalysts are the main active species for OCM reaction. However, the over high content of the adsorbed oxygen species on the surface results in the complete oxidation of methane. Introducing water steam into feedstock can improve the catalytic properties of SrTi1- xMgxO3- δ perovskite type catalysts for OCM reaction at lower temperature. The SrTi0.9Mg0.1O3- δ catalyst has the methane conversion of 28.0 % with C2 hydrocarbons selectivity of 36.8 % under reaction temperature of 550 ℃ .
文摘The structure and catalytic properties of SrTi0.9M0.1O3- δ (M=Mg,Al, Zr) perovskite type catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have been studied by using X ray diffraction (XRD),X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption of oxygen(O2 TPD) methods. It has been shown that doping the cations of lower valence (e.g. Mg2+ , Al3+ ) to the B site of SrTi0.9M0.1O3- δ perovskite type catalysts results in the higher content of adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of catalysts and thus higher C2 selectivity for OCM reaction. It is suggested that the oxygen vacancies of SrTi0.9M0.1O3- δ (M=Mg, Al, Zr) perovskite type catalysts are the sites responsible for oxygen activation, and the adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of SrTi0.9M0.1O3- δ catalysts are the main active species for OCM reaction.
文摘针对现有单站电离层行波扰动指数(Single Receiver TID Index,SRTI)探测中尺度电离层行波扰动时探测周期范围有限的问题,本文提出了一种改进的SRTI方法,以提高探测扰动周期的适用范围.介绍了利用SRTI和改进的SRTI探测中尺度电离层行波扰动的原理,从理论上分析比较了二者探测扰动周期范围的能力,并采用美国加州南部的5个IGS站2012年年积日189的GPS观测数据,对电离层扰动进行了分析.结果显示在21∶30—23∶00LT时,扰动观测序列存在周期为15min和39min的扰动波,但是现有SRTI方法只探测到了前者,而改进的SRTI法很好地探测到了两个周期的扰动波,表明其对短周期和较长周期的扰动均具有较好的灵敏性.利用改进的SRTI法计算的扰动观测序列,应用傅里叶变换相位差分法估计了电离层扰动的传播参数,其结果总体上与前人研究成果一致,这表明改进的SRTI法完全可以应用于电离层行波扰动的研究中,而且由于计算简单,在处理大量数据时具有一定优势.
文摘采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Sr Ti_(0.6)Fe_(0.4)O_(3-δ),通过掺杂少量YSZ制备YSZ-Sr Ti_(0.6)Fe_(0.4)O_(3-δ)复相陶瓷。采用电化学工作站测试样品电子-离子混合传导及离子传导的阻抗谱和频谱特性,结果表明,YSZ-Sr Ti_(0.6)Fe_(0.4)O_(3-δ)在电子-离子混合传导过程中存在三种不同的极化过程,分别来自于晶粒,晶界和电极/样品,通过等效电路对阻抗谱的拟合,活化能分别为0.16 e V,0.62 e V和0.42 e V,随温度的升高,晶粒弛豫不明显,样品电阻主要由晶界的极化过程控制;在离子传导过程中,只存在一个晶界弛豫过程,晶界弛豫随温度的升高而减小,试样的弛豫时间为~0.13-0.29 s。
基金supported by Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (No. XLYC1807209)Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP I202037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21625304, 22022205).
文摘Thermoelectric devices enable direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy.Recent studies have indicated that the thin film/substrate heterostructure is effective in achieving high thermoelectric performance via decoupling the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity otherwise adversely inter-dependent in homogenous bulk materials.However,the mechanism underlying the thin film/substrate heterostructure thermoelectricity remains unclear.In addition,the power output of the thin film/substrate heterostructure is limited to the nanowatt scale to date,falling short of the practical application requirement.Here,we fabricated the CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) heterostructures with high thermoelectric output power and outstanding thermal stability.By varying the CrN film thickness and the reduction degree of CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) substrate,the optimized power output and the power density have respectively reached 276μWand 10^(8) mW/cm^(2) for the 30 nm CrN film on a highly reduced surface of CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) under a temperature difference of 300 K.The performance enhancement is attributed to the CrN/CrN/SrTiO_(3-x) heterointerface,corroborated by the band bending as revealed by the scanning Kelvin probe microscopy.These results will stimulate further research efforts towards interface thermoelectrics.
基金Funded by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2015GXNSFAA139253)
文摘SrTi1-yMgyO3 films were synthesized through sol-gel method on p^+-Si substrates. The effects of Mg doping concentration on the microstructure, switching behavior and properties of SrTi1-yMgyO3 films were investigated. All SrTi1-yMgyO3 films are polycrystalline, but the grain becomes coarser, and the number of holes is reduced when the Mg doping content increases from 0.04 to 0.16. SrTi1-yMgyO3 films with different Mg doping concentrations all show bipolar resistive switching behaviors but display some differences in switching properties. When y=0.08, the SrTi1-yMgyO3 films show the largest RHRS/RLRS of 105 and better fatigue endurance after 103 cycles. When y≥0.08, the distribution of Vset and Vreset is narrow, indicating good stability of writing and erasing data for a resistive random access memory. At high-resistance state, the dominant conduction mechanism of SrTi1-yMgyO3 films is the Schottky emission mechanism. However, at low-resistance state, the dominant conduction mechanisms are the filamentary conduction and changes to space charge limited current when y=0.16.
