An N38SH-grade magnet with low oxygen content was used to study the evolution of magnetic properties upon post-sin-tering annealing. Phase transformation of as-sintered magnet was investigated by differential scanning...An N38SH-grade magnet with low oxygen content was used to study the evolution of magnetic properties upon post-sin-tering annealing. Phase transformation of as-sintered magnet was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. Three low temperature eutectic transition points were detected. Little change could be found when annealed below the lowest eutectic transition point. A wide annealing temperature range （460–560 oC） between the lowest and highest eutectic transition point was available for this magnet to achieve a relatively high coercivity （~1671 kA/m） at a relatively low Dy content （~3 wt.%）. However, squareness fac-tor （SF） of the demagnetizing curve and its temperature stability were found to decrease after annealing above the highest eutectic transition point. This was attributed to the change of Cu content in the Nd-rich phase under different annealing temperatures.展开更多
Increasing iron content has been witnessed an essential method to improve the remanence of 2:17-type Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr magnets,however,the inferior squareness factor accompanied with the increased iron content turns into...Increasing iron content has been witnessed an essential method to improve the remanence of 2:17-type Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr magnets,however,the inferior squareness factor accompanied with the increased iron content turns into a neck sticking problem.In this work,the grain boundary optimization induced substantial squareness enhancement from 63.4%to 91.4%,and consequently an excellent maximum energy product of 32.63 MGOe have been achieved in iron-rich Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr magnets via tuning solution process.It is clearly revealed that the grain boundary(GB)phases as well as the micro-twins’density in grain interiors can be controlled and interprets the enhancement mechanism of squareness.展开更多
Electroless CoNiWP magnetic films were prepared by varying the bath pH and then characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction and magnetic force microscopy, it has been found that the microstruc...Electroless CoNiWP magnetic films were prepared by varying the bath pH and then characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction and magnetic force microscopy, it has been found that the microstructure and the magnetic properties of films were influenced greatly by the bath pH. At the bath pH 8.06, the grain size and coercivity of the films reach maximuml while the squareness （Mr/Ms） of MH curves reaches minimum. The Henkel plots indicates that the exchange-coupling interaction is very weak at this pH, which may be caused by phase-separation and large grain size, and then results in the lowest squareness. At pH above 8.5, obvious exchange-coupling interaction is observed because of the inexistence of phase-separation and the refinement of grain size.展开更多
Investigation into the magnets with different squareness of hysteresis loop(SHL) reveals that the microstructure of sintered NdFeB magnets has great effects on the SHL of the magnets. The abnormal grain growth deterio...Investigation into the magnets with different squareness of hysteresis loop(SHL) reveals that the microstructure of sintered NdFeB magnets has great effects on the SHL of the magnets. The abnormal grain growth deteriorates the SHL seriously. The shape of the grain and the grain boundary affect the intensity of demagnetization field, and consequently on the SHL. The added elements have effects on the phase structures and distributions in the magnets, which influences the uniform of demagnetization field.展开更多
The increasing production and release of synthetic organic chemicals,including pharmaceuticals,into our envi-ronment has allowed these substances to accumulate in our surface water systems.Current purification technol...The increasing production and release of synthetic organic chemicals,including pharmaceuticals,into our envi-ronment has allowed these substances to accumulate in our surface water systems.Current purification technolo-gies have been unable to eliminate these pollutants,resulting in their ongoing release into aquatic ecosystems.This study focuses on cloperastine(CPS),a cough suppressant and antihistamine medication.The environmental impact of CPS usage has become a concern,mainly due to its increased detection during the COVID-19 pandemic.CPS has been found in wastewater treatment facilities,effluents from senior living residences,river waters,and sewage sludge.However,the photosensitivity of CPS and its photodegradation profile remain largely unknown.This study investigates the photodegradation process of CPS under simulated tertiary treatment conditions using UV photolysis,a method commonly applied in some wastewater treatment plants.Several transformation prod-ucts were identified,evaluating their kinetic profiles using chemometric approaches(i.e.,curve fitting and the hard-soft multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares(HS-MCR-ALS)algorithm)and calculating the reaction quantum yield.As a result,three different transformation products have been detected and correctly identified.In addition,a comprehensive description of the kinetic pathway involved in the photodegradation process of the CPS drug has been provided,including observed kinetic rate constants.展开更多
To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.Howeve...To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.展开更多
The Internet of Things(IoT)has orchestrated various domains in numerous applications,contributing significantly to the growth of the smart world,even in regions with low literacy rates,boosting socio-economic developm...The Internet of Things(IoT)has orchestrated various domains in numerous applications,contributing significantly to the growth of the smart world,even in regions with low literacy rates,boosting socio-economic development.This study provides valuable insights into optimizing wireless communication,paving the way for a more connected and productive future in the mining industry.The IoT revolution is advancing across industries,but harsh geometric environments,including open-pit mines,pose unique challenges for reliable communication.The advent of IoT in the mining industry has significantly improved communication for critical operations through the use of Radio Frequency(RF)protocols such as Bluetooth,Wi-Fi,GSM/GPRS,Narrow Band(NB)-IoT,SigFox,ZigBee,and Long Range Wireless Area Network(LoRaWAN).This study addresses the optimization of network implementations by comparing two leading free-spreading IoT-based RF protocols such as ZigBee and LoRaWAN.Intensive field tests are conducted in various opencast mines to investigate coverage potential and signal attenuation.ZigBee is tested in the Tadicherla open-cast coal mine in India.Similarly,LoRaWAN field tests are conducted at one of the associated cement companies(ACC)in the limestone mine in Bargarh,India,covering both Indoor-toOutdoor(I2O)and Outdoor-to-Outdoor(O2O)environments.A robust framework of path-loss models,referred to as Free space,Egli,Okumura-Hata,Cost231-Hata and Ericsson models,combined with key performance metrics,is employed to evaluate the patterns of signal attenuation.Extensive field testing and careful data analysis revealed that the Egli model is the most consistent path-loss model for the ZigBee protocol in an I2O environment,with a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.907,balanced error metrics such as Normalized Root Mean Square Error(NRMSE)of 0.030,Mean Square Error(MSE)of 4.950,Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)of 0.249 and Scatter Index(SI)of 2.723.In the O2O scenario,the Ericsson model showed superior performance,with the highest R^(2)value of 0.959,supported by strong correlation metrics:NRMSE of 0.026,MSE of 8.685,MAPE of 0.685,Mean Absolute Deviation(MAD)of 20.839 and SI of 2.194.For the LoRaWAN protocol,the Cost-231 model achieved the highest R^(2)value of 0.921 in the I2O scenario,complemented by the lowest metrics:NRMSE of 0.018,MSE of 1.324,MAPE of 0.217,MAD of 9.218 and SI of 1.238.In the O2O environment,the Okumura-Hata model achieved the highest R^(2)value of 0.978,indicating a strong fit with metrics NRMSE of 0.047,MSE of 27.807,MAPE of 27.494,MAD of 37.287 and SI of 3.927.This advancement in reliable communication networks promises to transform the opencast landscape into networked signal attenuation.These results support decision-making for mining needs and ensure reliable communications even in the face of formidable obstacles.展开更多
A cobalt-based metal-organic framework[Co_(3)(L)_(2)(1,4-bib)_(4)]·4H_(2)O(Co-MOF)was prepared using 5-[(4-carboxyphenoxy)methyl]isophthalic acid(H_(3)L)and 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene(1,4-bib)as ligands.The...A cobalt-based metal-organic framework[Co_(3)(L)_(2)(1,4-bib)_(4)]·4H_(2)O(Co-MOF)was prepared using 5-[(4-carboxyphenoxy)methyl]isophthalic acid(H_(3)L)and 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene(1,4-bib)as ligands.Then,an electrochemical sensor modified with Co-MOF on a glassy carbon electrode(Co-MOF@GCE)was constructed for detecting Cd^(2+)and Pb^(2+)in aqueous solutions.The sensor exhibited a linear range of 1.0-16.0µmol·L^(-1)with a detection limit(LOD)of 4.609 nmol·L^(-1)for Cd^(2+),and 0.5-10.0µmol·L^(-1)with an LOD of 1.307 nmol·L^(-1)for Pb^(2+).Simultaneous detection of both ions within 0.5-7.0µmol·L^(-1)achieved LOD values of 0.47 nmol·L^(-1)(Cd^(2+))and 0.008 nmol·L^(-1)(Pb^(2+)),respectively.Analysis of real water samples(tap water,mineral water,and river water)yielded recoveries of 95%-105%,validating practical applicability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that synergistic interactions between cobalt centers and N/O atoms enhance adsorption and electron-transfer efficiency.CCDC:2160744.展开更多
To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,a...To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.展开更多
Open and green spaces are essential elements of cities.With the COVID epidemic,the importance of the need for open and green spaces in urban areas has become more understood.The aim of this study is to create a new an...Open and green spaces are essential elements of cities.With the COVID epidemic,the importance of the need for open and green spaces in urban areas has become more understood.The aim of this study is to create a new and contemporary square in the working area where the current use and traffic create chaos,to add a new square to the open and green areas in Ankara(Turkey)and to create a connection between this area and the existing open and green areas.At the same time,health workers are honoured through a memorial area integrated into the square.The importance of the location chosen as the study area is that it is surrounded by many public health facilities and is a point of intersection of Ankara’s existing open green space systems.Throughout the three-stage design process,brainstorming sessions were held,drawings and sketches were made,and urban analyses were carried out on transport,culture,art,education,health,open and green spaces.Solutions were proposed for both indoor and outdoor spaces,and the forms were transformed into functional design elements and reflected in the space.As a result,after the pandemic,a city square has been created where people can socialise again,with a monument,a square,water surfaces,an amphitheatre,viewing terraces,a market area,a bridge,sitting and walking areas that are appropriate to the capital.展开更多
This research presents the square root sum of squares response of displacements and tunnel moments under the Kobe and Loma Prieta seismic excitations with a peak ground acceleration of 0.05 g for various dry relative ...This research presents the square root sum of squares response of displacements and tunnel moments under the Kobe and Loma Prieta seismic excitations with a peak ground acceleration of 0.05 g for various dry relative densities of local sand in Bangladesh.For this reason,a one-dimensional gravitational shake table test was performed after calibration to determine the seismic performance of the concrete tunnel-sand-pile interaction model.A vertical 40 kg load was applied on each pile cap along with the seismic excitations.The experimental results obtained were compared with the previous numerical study conducted by using field data so as to better interpret the variations of results.In the case of vertical sand displacement,the ratio between the previous field data obtained through numerical study and the present study is found to be 0.96.Moreover,the experimental results were compared with the 3D full-scale numerical analysis results of Plaxis considering the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model of sand.Variations of experimental and numerical results show a satisfactory level of alignment with the previously published work.According to the shake table test results,the lateral displacement of the tunnel is greater than the vertical displacement because of the transverse directional seismic excitation on the tunnel body.The minimum difference between lateral and vertical displacements of the tunnel is found to be 31%for a relative density of 27%under the Loma Prieta earthquake.However,this research may be advanced in the future by considering various peak ground accelerations,tunnel-pile clearance,and geometric properties.展开更多
The total nitrogen(TN)is a major factor contributing to eutrophication and is a crucial parameter in assessing surface water quality.Accurate and rapid methods are crucial for determining the TN content in water.Herei...The total nitrogen(TN)is a major factor contributing to eutrophication and is a crucial parameter in assessing surface water quality.Accurate and rapid methods are crucial for determining the TN content in water.Herein,a fast,highly sensitive,and pollution-free approach is proposed,which combines ultraviolet(UV)absorption spectroscopy with Bayesian optimized least squares support vector machine(LSSVM)for detecting TN content in water.Water samples collected from sampling points near the Yangtze River basin in Chongqing of China were analyzed using national standard methods to measure TN content as reference values.The prediction of TN content in water was achieved by integrating the UV absorption spectra of water samples with LSSVM.To make the model quickly and accurately select the optimal parameters to improve the accuracy of the prediction model,the Bayesian optimization(BO)algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the LSSVM.Results show that the prediction model performs well in predicting TN concentration,with a high coefficient of prediction determination(R^(2)=0.9413)and a low root mean square error of prediction(RMSE=0.0779 mg/L).Comparative analysis with previous studies indicates that the model used in this paper achieves lower prediction errors and superior predictive performance.展开更多
For Peace,Justice and the People The hero units’banner formation marches through Tian’anmen Square during the military parade in Beijing on September 3,2025.
Environmental protection requires identifying,investigating,and raising awareness about safeguarding nature from the harmful effects of both anthropogenic and natural events.This process of environmental protection is...Environmental protection requires identifying,investigating,and raising awareness about safeguarding nature from the harmful effects of both anthropogenic and natural events.This process of environmental protection is essential for maintaining human well-being.In this context,it is critical to monitor and safeguard the personal environment,which includes maintaining a healthy diet and ensuring plant safety.Living in a balanced environment and ensuring the safety of plants for green spaces and a healthy diet require controlling the nature and quality of the soil in our environment.To ensure soil quality,it is imperative to monitor and assess the levels of various soil parameters.Therefore,an Optimized Reduced Kernel Partial Least Squares(ORKPLS)method is proposed to monitor and control soil parameters.This approach is designed to detect increases or deviations in soil parameter quantities.A Tabu search approach was used to select the appropriate kernel parameter.Subsequently,soil analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed techniques.The simulation results were analyzed and compared.Through this study,deficiencies or exceedances in soil parameter quantities can be identified.The proposed method involves determining whether each soil parameter falls within a normal range.This allows for the assessment of soil parameter conditions based on the principle of fault detection.展开更多
This study numerically investigates inclined magneto-hydrodynamic natural convection in a porous cavity filled with nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms.The governing equations are nondimensionalized and sol...This study numerically investigates inclined magneto-hydrodynamic natural convection in a porous cavity filled with nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms.The governing equations are nondimensionalized and solved using the finite volume method.The simulations examine the impact of key parameters such as heat source length and position,Peclet number,porosity,and heat generation/absorption on flow patterns,temperature distribution,concentration profiles,and microorganism rotation.Results indicate that extending the heat source length enhances convective currents and heat transfer efficiency,while optimizing the heat source position reduces entropy generation.Higher Peclet numbers amplify convective currents and microorganism distribution complexity.Variations in porosity and heat generation/absorption significantly influence flow dynamics.Additionally,the artificial neural network model reliably predicts the mean Nusselt and Sherwood numbers(Nu&Sh),demonstrating its effectiveness for such analyses.The simulation results reveal that increasing the heat source length significantly enhances heat transfer,as evidenced by a 15%increase in the mean Nusselt number.展开更多
Equations(2)and(6)and the corresponding discussion in the paper[Chin.Phys.Lett.42,056301(2025)]have been corrected.These modiffcations do not affect the results derived in the paper.
Recently,there have been few reports on the hot extrusion process of magnesium(Mg)alloy square tubes.In this work,we introduce a novel hot extrusion process called tube continuous expanding shear extrusion(t CESE)to p...Recently,there have been few reports on the hot extrusion process of magnesium(Mg)alloy square tubes.In this work,we introduce a novel hot extrusion process called tube continuous expanding shear extrusion(t CESE)to produce Mg alloy square tubes with heterogeneous structures.Compared to previously reported hot-extruded Mg alloy tubes,the tCESE samples exhibit simultaneous enhancements in both strength and ductility.The microstructure evolution during the t CESE process was analyzed in detail.It was found that the microstructure developed consecutively as a result of twinning-induced dynamic recrystallization(TDRX),discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX)and continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)with different nucleation of new orientations,while static recrystallization(SRX)promoted the formation of heterogeneous structures.The strengthening mechanism in the t CESE samples was revealed by loading-unloading-reloading(LUR)tensile tests,viscoplastic self-consistent(VPSC)simulation and intermittent tensile tests.The improvement of the strength in the tCESE samples is attributed to the size refinement of the grains and the second-phases,and more importantly,to hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening.The improvement of the ductility in the t CESE samples can be attributed to the significant increase in non-basal dislocations within the heterogeneous structures during tensile deformation.展开更多
The exchange and mutual appreciation of different cultures is an important topic in the context of globalization,and traditional patterns are the crystallization of the national cultures of various countries.The study...The exchange and mutual appreciation of different cultures is an important topic in the context of globalization,and traditional patterns are the crystallization of the national cultures of various countries.The study focuses on the Ming Dynasty Mandarin square in ancient China and the Tudor Dynasty coat of arms during the same period in England.By using comparative research,case studies,and combining historical documents and images,the origins of the two types of decorations are traced,and their social connotations and influencing factors are analyzed.Research has shown that under the influence of the historical backgrounds of politics,economy,and culture,the two types of decorative patterns exhibit a realistic aesthetic trend.The cultural connotations not only demonstrate social narrative functions such as customs and rituals,but also reflect political system functions such as hierarchy and honor.The different historical origins give rise to cultural differences in the selection of decorative elements between the two.The comparative study of the two is not only beneficial for conducting decorative design research from a global perspective,but also can promote the modern inheritance of traditional patterns while seeking common ground and reserving differences.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51171111)
文摘An N38SH-grade magnet with low oxygen content was used to study the evolution of magnetic properties upon post-sin-tering annealing. Phase transformation of as-sintered magnet was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. Three low temperature eutectic transition points were detected. Little change could be found when annealed below the lowest eutectic transition point. A wide annealing temperature range （460–560 oC） between the lowest and highest eutectic transition point was available for this magnet to achieve a relatively high coercivity （~1671 kA/m） at a relatively low Dy content （~3 wt.%）. However, squareness fac-tor （SF） of the demagnetizing curve and its temperature stability were found to decrease after annealing above the highest eutectic transition point. This was attributed to the change of Cu content in the Nd-rich phase under different annealing temperatures.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB2003901)NSFC-BRICS(No.51761145026)NSFC(Nos.91960101 and 51520105002)。
文摘Increasing iron content has been witnessed an essential method to improve the remanence of 2:17-type Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr magnets,however,the inferior squareness factor accompanied with the increased iron content turns into a neck sticking problem.In this work,the grain boundary optimization induced substantial squareness enhancement from 63.4%to 91.4%,and consequently an excellent maximum energy product of 32.63 MGOe have been achieved in iron-rich Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr magnets via tuning solution process.It is clearly revealed that the grain boundary(GB)phases as well as the micro-twins’density in grain interiors can be controlled and interprets the enhancement mechanism of squareness.
基金the National Natural Science foundation of China under grant No.50572083.
文摘Electroless CoNiWP magnetic films were prepared by varying the bath pH and then characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction and magnetic force microscopy, it has been found that the microstructure and the magnetic properties of films were influenced greatly by the bath pH. At the bath pH 8.06, the grain size and coercivity of the films reach maximuml while the squareness （Mr/Ms） of MH curves reaches minimum. The Henkel plots indicates that the exchange-coupling interaction is very weak at this pH, which may be caused by phase-separation and large grain size, and then results in the lowest squareness. At pH above 8.5, obvious exchange-coupling interaction is observed because of the inexistence of phase-separation and the refinement of grain size.
基金Project supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline (P1502)
文摘Investigation into the magnets with different squareness of hysteresis loop(SHL) reveals that the microstructure of sintered NdFeB magnets has great effects on the SHL of the magnets. The abnormal grain growth deteriorates the SHL seriously. The shape of the grain and the grain boundary affect the intensity of demagnetization field, and consequently on the SHL. The added elements have effects on the phase structures and distributions in the magnets, which influences the uniform of demagnetization field.
基金supported by the grants PID2020-113371RA-C22 and TED2021-130845A-C32,funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.M.Marín-García,R.González-OlmosC.Gómez-Canela are members of the GESPA group(Grup d’Enginyeria i Simulacióde Processos Ambientals)at IQS-URL,which has been acknowledged as a Consolidated Research Group by the Government of Catalonia(No.2021-SGR-00321)+1 种基金In addition,M.Marín-García has been awarded a public grant for the Investigo Programme,aimed at hiring young job seekers to undertake research and innovation projects under the Recovery,Transformation,and Resilience Plan(PRTR),European Union Next Generation,for the year 2022,through the Government of Catalonia and the Spanish Ministry for Work and Social Economy(No.100045ID16)Ana Belén Cuenca for her support and expertise,which helped to confirm the proposed reaction mechanism involved in the UV photolysis of cloperastine.
文摘The increasing production and release of synthetic organic chemicals,including pharmaceuticals,into our envi-ronment has allowed these substances to accumulate in our surface water systems.Current purification technolo-gies have been unable to eliminate these pollutants,resulting in their ongoing release into aquatic ecosystems.This study focuses on cloperastine(CPS),a cough suppressant and antihistamine medication.The environmental impact of CPS usage has become a concern,mainly due to its increased detection during the COVID-19 pandemic.CPS has been found in wastewater treatment facilities,effluents from senior living residences,river waters,and sewage sludge.However,the photosensitivity of CPS and its photodegradation profile remain largely unknown.This study investigates the photodegradation process of CPS under simulated tertiary treatment conditions using UV photolysis,a method commonly applied in some wastewater treatment plants.Several transformation prod-ucts were identified,evaluating their kinetic profiles using chemometric approaches(i.e.,curve fitting and the hard-soft multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares(HS-MCR-ALS)algorithm)and calculating the reaction quantum yield.As a result,three different transformation products have been detected and correctly identified.In addition,a comprehensive description of the kinetic pathway involved in the photodegradation process of the CPS drug has been provided,including observed kinetic rate constants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276139)the Shanghai’s Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission(No.2022028).
文摘To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)has orchestrated various domains in numerous applications,contributing significantly to the growth of the smart world,even in regions with low literacy rates,boosting socio-economic development.This study provides valuable insights into optimizing wireless communication,paving the way for a more connected and productive future in the mining industry.The IoT revolution is advancing across industries,but harsh geometric environments,including open-pit mines,pose unique challenges for reliable communication.The advent of IoT in the mining industry has significantly improved communication for critical operations through the use of Radio Frequency(RF)protocols such as Bluetooth,Wi-Fi,GSM/GPRS,Narrow Band(NB)-IoT,SigFox,ZigBee,and Long Range Wireless Area Network(LoRaWAN).This study addresses the optimization of network implementations by comparing two leading free-spreading IoT-based RF protocols such as ZigBee and LoRaWAN.Intensive field tests are conducted in various opencast mines to investigate coverage potential and signal attenuation.ZigBee is tested in the Tadicherla open-cast coal mine in India.Similarly,LoRaWAN field tests are conducted at one of the associated cement companies(ACC)in the limestone mine in Bargarh,India,covering both Indoor-toOutdoor(I2O)and Outdoor-to-Outdoor(O2O)environments.A robust framework of path-loss models,referred to as Free space,Egli,Okumura-Hata,Cost231-Hata and Ericsson models,combined with key performance metrics,is employed to evaluate the patterns of signal attenuation.Extensive field testing and careful data analysis revealed that the Egli model is the most consistent path-loss model for the ZigBee protocol in an I2O environment,with a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.907,balanced error metrics such as Normalized Root Mean Square Error(NRMSE)of 0.030,Mean Square Error(MSE)of 4.950,Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)of 0.249 and Scatter Index(SI)of 2.723.In the O2O scenario,the Ericsson model showed superior performance,with the highest R^(2)value of 0.959,supported by strong correlation metrics:NRMSE of 0.026,MSE of 8.685,MAPE of 0.685,Mean Absolute Deviation(MAD)of 20.839 and SI of 2.194.For the LoRaWAN protocol,the Cost-231 model achieved the highest R^(2)value of 0.921 in the I2O scenario,complemented by the lowest metrics:NRMSE of 0.018,MSE of 1.324,MAPE of 0.217,MAD of 9.218 and SI of 1.238.In the O2O environment,the Okumura-Hata model achieved the highest R^(2)value of 0.978,indicating a strong fit with metrics NRMSE of 0.047,MSE of 27.807,MAPE of 27.494,MAD of 37.287 and SI of 3.927.This advancement in reliable communication networks promises to transform the opencast landscape into networked signal attenuation.These results support decision-making for mining needs and ensure reliable communications even in the face of formidable obstacles.
文摘A cobalt-based metal-organic framework[Co_(3)(L)_(2)(1,4-bib)_(4)]·4H_(2)O(Co-MOF)was prepared using 5-[(4-carboxyphenoxy)methyl]isophthalic acid(H_(3)L)and 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene(1,4-bib)as ligands.Then,an electrochemical sensor modified with Co-MOF on a glassy carbon electrode(Co-MOF@GCE)was constructed for detecting Cd^(2+)and Pb^(2+)in aqueous solutions.The sensor exhibited a linear range of 1.0-16.0µmol·L^(-1)with a detection limit(LOD)of 4.609 nmol·L^(-1)for Cd^(2+),and 0.5-10.0µmol·L^(-1)with an LOD of 1.307 nmol·L^(-1)for Pb^(2+).Simultaneous detection of both ions within 0.5-7.0µmol·L^(-1)achieved LOD values of 0.47 nmol·L^(-1)(Cd^(2+))and 0.008 nmol·L^(-1)(Pb^(2+)),respectively.Analysis of real water samples(tap water,mineral water,and river water)yielded recoveries of 95%-105%,validating practical applicability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that synergistic interactions between cobalt centers and N/O atoms enhance adsorption and electron-transfer efficiency.CCDC:2160744.
文摘To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.
文摘Open and green spaces are essential elements of cities.With the COVID epidemic,the importance of the need for open and green spaces in urban areas has become more understood.The aim of this study is to create a new and contemporary square in the working area where the current use and traffic create chaos,to add a new square to the open and green areas in Ankara(Turkey)and to create a connection between this area and the existing open and green areas.At the same time,health workers are honoured through a memorial area integrated into the square.The importance of the location chosen as the study area is that it is surrounded by many public health facilities and is a point of intersection of Ankara’s existing open green space systems.Throughout the three-stage design process,brainstorming sessions were held,drawings and sketches were made,and urban analyses were carried out on transport,culture,art,education,health,open and green spaces.Solutions were proposed for both indoor and outdoor spaces,and the forms were transformed into functional design elements and reflected in the space.As a result,after the pandemic,a city square has been created where people can socialise again,with a monument,a square,water surfaces,an amphitheatre,viewing terraces,a market area,a bridge,sitting and walking areas that are appropriate to the capital.
文摘This research presents the square root sum of squares response of displacements and tunnel moments under the Kobe and Loma Prieta seismic excitations with a peak ground acceleration of 0.05 g for various dry relative densities of local sand in Bangladesh.For this reason,a one-dimensional gravitational shake table test was performed after calibration to determine the seismic performance of the concrete tunnel-sand-pile interaction model.A vertical 40 kg load was applied on each pile cap along with the seismic excitations.The experimental results obtained were compared with the previous numerical study conducted by using field data so as to better interpret the variations of results.In the case of vertical sand displacement,the ratio between the previous field data obtained through numerical study and the present study is found to be 0.96.Moreover,the experimental results were compared with the 3D full-scale numerical analysis results of Plaxis considering the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model of sand.Variations of experimental and numerical results show a satisfactory level of alignment with the previously published work.According to the shake table test results,the lateral displacement of the tunnel is greater than the vertical displacement because of the transverse directional seismic excitation on the tunnel body.The minimum difference between lateral and vertical displacements of the tunnel is found to be 31%for a relative density of 27%under the Loma Prieta earthquake.However,this research may be advanced in the future by considering various peak ground accelerations,tunnel-pile clearance,and geometric properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171627 and 62105252)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJZD-M202200602)the Hangzhou Science and Technology Development Project(No.202204T04).
文摘The total nitrogen(TN)is a major factor contributing to eutrophication and is a crucial parameter in assessing surface water quality.Accurate and rapid methods are crucial for determining the TN content in water.Herein,a fast,highly sensitive,and pollution-free approach is proposed,which combines ultraviolet(UV)absorption spectroscopy with Bayesian optimized least squares support vector machine(LSSVM)for detecting TN content in water.Water samples collected from sampling points near the Yangtze River basin in Chongqing of China were analyzed using national standard methods to measure TN content as reference values.The prediction of TN content in water was achieved by integrating the UV absorption spectra of water samples with LSSVM.To make the model quickly and accurately select the optimal parameters to improve the accuracy of the prediction model,the Bayesian optimization(BO)algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the LSSVM.Results show that the prediction model performs well in predicting TN concentration,with a high coefficient of prediction determination(R^(2)=0.9413)and a low root mean square error of prediction(RMSE=0.0779 mg/L).Comparative analysis with previous studies indicates that the model used in this paper achieves lower prediction errors and superior predictive performance.
文摘For Peace,Justice and the People The hero units’banner formation marches through Tian’anmen Square during the military parade in Beijing on September 3,2025.
基金supported by the Deputyship for Research and Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number(0226-1443-S).
文摘Environmental protection requires identifying,investigating,and raising awareness about safeguarding nature from the harmful effects of both anthropogenic and natural events.This process of environmental protection is essential for maintaining human well-being.In this context,it is critical to monitor and safeguard the personal environment,which includes maintaining a healthy diet and ensuring plant safety.Living in a balanced environment and ensuring the safety of plants for green spaces and a healthy diet require controlling the nature and quality of the soil in our environment.To ensure soil quality,it is imperative to monitor and assess the levels of various soil parameters.Therefore,an Optimized Reduced Kernel Partial Least Squares(ORKPLS)method is proposed to monitor and control soil parameters.This approach is designed to detect increases or deviations in soil parameter quantities.A Tabu search approach was used to select the appropriate kernel parameter.Subsequently,soil analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed techniques.The simulation results were analyzed and compared.Through this study,deficiencies or exceedances in soil parameter quantities can be identified.The proposed method involves determining whether each soil parameter falls within a normal range.This allows for the assessment of soil parameter conditions based on the principle of fault detection.
基金Dean ship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University,Abha,Saudi Arabia,for funding this work through the Research Group Project(Grant No.RGP.2/610/45)funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project(Grant No.PNURSP2024R102),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘This study numerically investigates inclined magneto-hydrodynamic natural convection in a porous cavity filled with nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms.The governing equations are nondimensionalized and solved using the finite volume method.The simulations examine the impact of key parameters such as heat source length and position,Peclet number,porosity,and heat generation/absorption on flow patterns,temperature distribution,concentration profiles,and microorganism rotation.Results indicate that extending the heat source length enhances convective currents and heat transfer efficiency,while optimizing the heat source position reduces entropy generation.Higher Peclet numbers amplify convective currents and microorganism distribution complexity.Variations in porosity and heat generation/absorption significantly influence flow dynamics.Additionally,the artificial neural network model reliably predicts the mean Nusselt and Sherwood numbers(Nu&Sh),demonstrating its effectiveness for such analyses.The simulation results reveal that increasing the heat source length significantly enhances heat transfer,as evidenced by a 15%increase in the mean Nusselt number.
文摘Equations(2)and(6)and the corresponding discussion in the paper[Chin.Phys.Lett.42,056301(2025)]have been corrected.These modiffcations do not affect the results derived in the paper.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(52071042)Chongqing Talent Plan(CQYC202003047)+1 种基金the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Project of CSTB2021YCJH-BGZXM0148 and CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0079the Open Fund of the National Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle,Hunan University(Grant No.82315001)。
文摘Recently,there have been few reports on the hot extrusion process of magnesium(Mg)alloy square tubes.In this work,we introduce a novel hot extrusion process called tube continuous expanding shear extrusion(t CESE)to produce Mg alloy square tubes with heterogeneous structures.Compared to previously reported hot-extruded Mg alloy tubes,the tCESE samples exhibit simultaneous enhancements in both strength and ductility.The microstructure evolution during the t CESE process was analyzed in detail.It was found that the microstructure developed consecutively as a result of twinning-induced dynamic recrystallization(TDRX),discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX)and continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)with different nucleation of new orientations,while static recrystallization(SRX)promoted the formation of heterogeneous structures.The strengthening mechanism in the t CESE samples was revealed by loading-unloading-reloading(LUR)tensile tests,viscoplastic self-consistent(VPSC)simulation and intermittent tensile tests.The improvement of the strength in the tCESE samples is attributed to the size refinement of the grains and the second-phases,and more importantly,to hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening.The improvement of the ductility in the t CESE samples can be attributed to the significant increase in non-basal dislocations within the heterogeneous structures during tensile deformation.
文摘The exchange and mutual appreciation of different cultures is an important topic in the context of globalization,and traditional patterns are the crystallization of the national cultures of various countries.The study focuses on the Ming Dynasty Mandarin square in ancient China and the Tudor Dynasty coat of arms during the same period in England.By using comparative research,case studies,and combining historical documents and images,the origins of the two types of decorations are traced,and their social connotations and influencing factors are analyzed.Research has shown that under the influence of the historical backgrounds of politics,economy,and culture,the two types of decorative patterns exhibit a realistic aesthetic trend.The cultural connotations not only demonstrate social narrative functions such as customs and rituals,but also reflect political system functions such as hierarchy and honor.The different historical origins give rise to cultural differences in the selection of decorative elements between the two.The comparative study of the two is not only beneficial for conducting decorative design research from a global perspective,but also can promote the modern inheritance of traditional patterns while seeking common ground and reserving differences.
