In Papilionoideae legume, Lotusjaponicus, the development of dorsal-ventral （DV） asymmetric flowers is mainly controlled by two TB1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF （TCP） genes, SQUARED STANDARD （SQU） and KEELED WINGS IN LOTUS （...In Papilionoideae legume, Lotusjaponicus, the development of dorsal-ventral （DV） asymmetric flowers is mainly controlled by two TB1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF （TCP） genes, SQUARED STANDARD （SQU） and KEELED WINGS IN LOTUS （KEW）, which determine dorsal and lateral identities, respectively. However, the molecular basis of how these two highly homologous genes orchestrate their diverse functions remains unclear. Here, we analyzed their expression levels, and investigated the transcriptional activities of SQUand KEW. We demonstrated that SQU possesses both activation and repression activities, while KEW acts only as an activator. They form homo- and heterodimers, and then collaboraUvely regulate their expression at the transcription level. Furthermore, we identified two types of post-transcriptional modifications, phosphor- ylation and ATP/GTP binding, both of which could affect their transcriptional activities. Mutations in ATP/ GTP binding motifs of SQU and KEW lead to failure of phosphorylation, and transgenic plants bearing the mutant proteins display defective DV asymmetric flower development, indicating that the two conjugate modifications are essential for their diverse functions. Altogether, SQU and KEW activities are precisely modulated at both transcription and post-transcription levels, which might link DV asymmetric flower development to different physiological status and/or signaling pathways.展开更多
Abstract This paper studies the problem of minimizing a homogeneous polynomial （form） f（x） over the unit sphere Sn-1 = {x ∈ R^n： ｜｜X｜｜2 = 1}. The problem is NP-hard when f（x） has degree 3 or higher. Denote...Abstract This paper studies the problem of minimizing a homogeneous polynomial （form） f（x） over the unit sphere Sn-1 = {x ∈ R^n： ｜｜X｜｜2 = 1}. The problem is NP-hard when f（x） has degree 3 or higher. Denote by fmin （resp. fmax） the minimum （resp. maximum） value of f（x） on S^n-1. First, when f（x） is an even form of degree 2d, we study the standard sum of squares （SOS） relaxation for finding a lower bound of the minimum .fmin ：max γ s.t.f（x）-γ.｜｜x｜｜2^2d is SOS.Let fos be be the above optimal value. Then we show that for all n ≥ 2d,Here, the constant C（d） is independent of n. Second, when f（x） is a multi-form and ^-1 becomes a muilti-unit sphere, we generalize the above SOS relaxation and prove a similar bound. Third, when f（x） is sparse, we prove an improved bound depending on its sparsity pattern; when f（x） is odd, we formulate the problem equivalently as minimizing a certain even form, and prove a similar bound. Last, for minimizing f（x） over a hypersurface H（g） = {x E lRn： g（x） = 1} defined by a positive definite form g（x）, we generalize the above SOS relaxation and prove a similar bound.展开更多
提出了一种改进的代理模型方法 (Kriging with Partial Least Squares,KPLS)。该方法在Kriging模型的基础上引入偏最小二乘的思想,利用偏最小二乘方法构建新的Kriging模型的高斯核函数。将该模型应用于加氢裂化过程建模,有效地提高了航...提出了一种改进的代理模型方法 (Kriging with Partial Least Squares,KPLS)。该方法在Kriging模型的基础上引入偏最小二乘的思想,利用偏最小二乘方法构建新的Kriging模型的高斯核函数。将该模型应用于加氢裂化过程建模,有效地提高了航煤、柴油质量收率的预测精度。采用GLAMP(Global and local search strategy)优化算法对建立的KPLS模型进行优化,仿真结果显示航煤、柴油质量收率得到了显著提升。展开更多
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Noa. 30930009） and Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China （Grant Nos, 2011A020201008）.
文摘In Papilionoideae legume, Lotusjaponicus, the development of dorsal-ventral （DV） asymmetric flowers is mainly controlled by two TB1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF （TCP） genes, SQUARED STANDARD （SQU） and KEELED WINGS IN LOTUS （KEW）, which determine dorsal and lateral identities, respectively. However, the molecular basis of how these two highly homologous genes orchestrate their diverse functions remains unclear. Here, we analyzed their expression levels, and investigated the transcriptional activities of SQUand KEW. We demonstrated that SQU possesses both activation and repression activities, while KEW acts only as an activator. They form homo- and heterodimers, and then collaboraUvely regulate their expression at the transcription level. Furthermore, we identified two types of post-transcriptional modifications, phosphor- ylation and ATP/GTP binding, both of which could affect their transcriptional activities. Mutations in ATP/ GTP binding motifs of SQU and KEW lead to failure of phosphorylation, and transgenic plants bearing the mutant proteins display defective DV asymmetric flower development, indicating that the two conjugate modifications are essential for their diverse functions. Altogether, SQU and KEW activities are precisely modulated at both transcription and post-transcription levels, which might link DV asymmetric flower development to different physiological status and/or signaling pathways.
文摘Abstract This paper studies the problem of minimizing a homogeneous polynomial （form） f（x） over the unit sphere Sn-1 = {x ∈ R^n： ｜｜X｜｜2 = 1}. The problem is NP-hard when f（x） has degree 3 or higher. Denote by fmin （resp. fmax） the minimum （resp. maximum） value of f（x） on S^n-1. First, when f（x） is an even form of degree 2d, we study the standard sum of squares （SOS） relaxation for finding a lower bound of the minimum .fmin ：max γ s.t.f（x）-γ.｜｜x｜｜2^2d is SOS.Let fos be be the above optimal value. Then we show that for all n ≥ 2d,Here, the constant C（d） is independent of n. Second, when f（x） is a multi-form and ^-1 becomes a muilti-unit sphere, we generalize the above SOS relaxation and prove a similar bound. Third, when f（x） is sparse, we prove an improved bound depending on its sparsity pattern; when f（x） is odd, we formulate the problem equivalently as minimizing a certain even form, and prove a similar bound. Last, for minimizing f（x） over a hypersurface H（g） = {x E lRn： g（x） = 1} defined by a positive definite form g（x）, we generalize the above SOS relaxation and prove a similar bound.
文摘提出了一种改进的代理模型方法 (Kriging with Partial Least Squares,KPLS)。该方法在Kriging模型的基础上引入偏最小二乘的思想,利用偏最小二乘方法构建新的Kriging模型的高斯核函数。将该模型应用于加氢裂化过程建模,有效地提高了航煤、柴油质量收率的预测精度。采用GLAMP(Global and local search strategy)优化算法对建立的KPLS模型进行优化,仿真结果显示航煤、柴油质量收率得到了显著提升。
