Background:Despite the wide use of compression garments to enhance athletic running performance,evidence supporting improvements has not been conclusive.This updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized c...Background:Despite the wide use of compression garments to enhance athletic running performance,evidence supporting improvements has not been conclusive.This updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)compared the effects of compression garment wearing with those of non-compression garment wearing(controls)during running on improving running performance.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in the electronic databases(Web of Science,EBSCOhost,PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane)for RCTs comparing running performance between runners wearing compression garments and controls during running,from inception to September 2024.Independent reviewers screened studies,extracted data,appraised risk of bias(RoB 2)and certainty of evidence(Grading of Recommendations Assessments,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)).Primary outcomes were race time and time to exhaustion.Secondary outcomes covered running speed and race pace,submaximal oxygen uptake,tissue oxygenation,and soft tissue vibration.Randomeffects meta-analyses were conducted to generate pooled estimates,expressed in standardized mean difference(SMD).Subgroup differences of garment,race type,and contact surface were tested in moderator analyses.Results:The search yielded 51 eligible studies comprising 899 participants,of which 33 studies were available for meta-analysis of primary outcomes.Runners wearing compression garments during running showed no significant improvement in race time(SMD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.22 to 0.09;p=0.40)or time to exhaustion(SMD=0.04,95%CI:-0.20 to 0.29;p=0.72).Moderator analyses indicated no effects from garment type,race type,or surface.Secondary outcomes also showed no performance benefits,although compression garments significantly reduced soft tissue vibration(SMD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.70 to-0.15;p<0.01).Certainty of evidence was rated low to very low.Conclusion:Data synthesis of current RCTs offers no updated evidence favoring the support of wearing compression garments during running as a viable strategy for improving running and endurance performance among runners of varying performance levels and types of running races.展开更多
Functional constraints between different types of antipredator behavior should be common,especially if they are on the opposite sides of the behavioral spectrum such as flight and post-capture immobility.We examined a...Functional constraints between different types of antipredator behavior should be common,especially if they are on the opposite sides of the behavioral spectrum such as flight and post-capture immobility.We examined a potential compromise between post-capture immobility displays and sprint speed in dice snakes(Natrix tessellata),using a field-based approach.We sampled snakes(N=238)from two populations:from a dense island population free of mammal predators,and from a less dense mainland population,preyed upon by both bird and mammal predators.We explored the effects of sexual maturity,temperature,body size,presence of palpable food in the gut,and injuries on the occurrence and duration of post-capture immobility as well as sprint speed.Our results confirm the existence of functional constraints between locomotor performance and post-capture immobility in dice snakes.Faster dice snakes start escaping promptly after release,while slower individuals utilize more passive antipredator behaviors such as death feigning.Local adaptations seem to have great influence on behavioral compromise,since the mammal-free island population exhibited a higher incidence of post-capture immobility and a significantly lower sprint speed,compared to the less dense mainland population.Additionally,immature individuals tended to avoid death feigning and their post-capture immobility lasted shorter compared to adult individuals.It remains to be seen how individuals adjust their behavior to accomodate locomotor constraints,and in which specific phases of the predator-prey interaction these adjustments occur.展开更多
1.S.F.Wu,“The Revival of Confucianism and the CCP’s Struggle for Cultural Leadership:A Content Analysis of the People’s Daily,2000-2009”,Journal of Contemporary China,Vol.23,No.89,2014,pp.971-991.2.X.Guo,“Control...1.S.F.Wu,“The Revival of Confucianism and the CCP’s Struggle for Cultural Leadership:A Content Analysis of the People’s Daily,2000-2009”,Journal of Contemporary China,Vol.23,No.89,2014,pp.971-991.2.X.Guo,“Controlling Corruption in the Party:China’s Central Discipline Inspection Commission”,The China Quarterly,Vol.219,2014,pp.597-624.3.C.Kou and W.Tsai,“‘Sprinting with Small Steps’towards Promotion:Solutions for the Age Dilemma in the CCP Cadre Appointment System”,The China Journal,Vol.71,2014,pp.153-171.展开更多
On April 20,1994,the National Computing and Networking Facility of China(NCFC)project opened a 64Kbps international dedicated line to the internet through Sprint Co.,Ltd.in the United States,marking China’s first ful...On April 20,1994,the National Computing and Networking Facility of China(NCFC)project opened a 64Kbps international dedicated line to the internet through Sprint Co.,Ltd.in the United States,marking China’s first full-function connection to the internet.More than 30 years later,China boasts the world’s largest internet market with the most users of both the internet and mobile internet,the most innovative internet technology,and the most active environment for mobile application development.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC11932013)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3805800).
文摘Background:Despite the wide use of compression garments to enhance athletic running performance,evidence supporting improvements has not been conclusive.This updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)compared the effects of compression garment wearing with those of non-compression garment wearing(controls)during running on improving running performance.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in the electronic databases(Web of Science,EBSCOhost,PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane)for RCTs comparing running performance between runners wearing compression garments and controls during running,from inception to September 2024.Independent reviewers screened studies,extracted data,appraised risk of bias(RoB 2)and certainty of evidence(Grading of Recommendations Assessments,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)).Primary outcomes were race time and time to exhaustion.Secondary outcomes covered running speed and race pace,submaximal oxygen uptake,tissue oxygenation,and soft tissue vibration.Randomeffects meta-analyses were conducted to generate pooled estimates,expressed in standardized mean difference(SMD).Subgroup differences of garment,race type,and contact surface were tested in moderator analyses.Results:The search yielded 51 eligible studies comprising 899 participants,of which 33 studies were available for meta-analysis of primary outcomes.Runners wearing compression garments during running showed no significant improvement in race time(SMD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.22 to 0.09;p=0.40)or time to exhaustion(SMD=0.04,95%CI:-0.20 to 0.29;p=0.72).Moderator analyses indicated no effects from garment type,race type,or surface.Secondary outcomes also showed no performance benefits,although compression garments significantly reduced soft tissue vibration(SMD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.70 to-0.15;p<0.01).Certainty of evidence was rated low to very low.Conclusion:Data synthesis of current RCTs offers no updated evidence favoring the support of wearing compression garments during running as a viable strategy for improving running and endurance performance among runners of varying performance levels and types of running races.
基金supported by the Prespa-Ohrid Nature Trust and the Aage V.Jensen Foundation via PrespaNet's"Prespa Project(2021-2024)"the Rufford Foundation(grant number 30090-1)the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(grant numbers451-03-0133012020-14/2627,451-03-47/2023-01/200178,451-03-47/2023-01/200007).
文摘Functional constraints between different types of antipredator behavior should be common,especially if they are on the opposite sides of the behavioral spectrum such as flight and post-capture immobility.We examined a potential compromise between post-capture immobility displays and sprint speed in dice snakes(Natrix tessellata),using a field-based approach.We sampled snakes(N=238)from two populations:from a dense island population free of mammal predators,and from a less dense mainland population,preyed upon by both bird and mammal predators.We explored the effects of sexual maturity,temperature,body size,presence of palpable food in the gut,and injuries on the occurrence and duration of post-capture immobility as well as sprint speed.Our results confirm the existence of functional constraints between locomotor performance and post-capture immobility in dice snakes.Faster dice snakes start escaping promptly after release,while slower individuals utilize more passive antipredator behaviors such as death feigning.Local adaptations seem to have great influence on behavioral compromise,since the mammal-free island population exhibited a higher incidence of post-capture immobility and a significantly lower sprint speed,compared to the less dense mainland population.Additionally,immature individuals tended to avoid death feigning and their post-capture immobility lasted shorter compared to adult individuals.It remains to be seen how individuals adjust their behavior to accomodate locomotor constraints,and in which specific phases of the predator-prey interaction these adjustments occur.
文摘1.S.F.Wu,“The Revival of Confucianism and the CCP’s Struggle for Cultural Leadership:A Content Analysis of the People’s Daily,2000-2009”,Journal of Contemporary China,Vol.23,No.89,2014,pp.971-991.2.X.Guo,“Controlling Corruption in the Party:China’s Central Discipline Inspection Commission”,The China Quarterly,Vol.219,2014,pp.597-624.3.C.Kou and W.Tsai,“‘Sprinting with Small Steps’towards Promotion:Solutions for the Age Dilemma in the CCP Cadre Appointment System”,The China Journal,Vol.71,2014,pp.153-171.
文摘On April 20,1994,the National Computing and Networking Facility of China(NCFC)project opened a 64Kbps international dedicated line to the internet through Sprint Co.,Ltd.in the United States,marking China’s first full-function connection to the internet.More than 30 years later,China boasts the world’s largest internet market with the most users of both the internet and mobile internet,the most innovative internet technology,and the most active environment for mobile application development.
