A sensitive analytical method to identify active metabolites of bitespiramycin in rat urine and bile was developed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MSn). Bitespiramycin...A sensitive analytical method to identify active metabolites of bitespiramycin in rat urine and bile was developed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MSn). Bitespiramycin and its major active metabolites in rat urine and bile were isolated and identified as Ml serial (spiramycin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ), M2 serial (platenomycin Al, josamycin and leucomycin Al) and M3 serial (deisovalerylplatenomycin Al, deisovaleryl-josamycin, deisovalerylleucomycin Al).展开更多
Strain improvement and medium optimization to increase the productivity of spiramycin were carried out. Of oil tolerant mutant strains screened, one mutant, Streptomyces ambofaciens XC 2-37, produced 9% more spiramyc...Strain improvement and medium optimization to increase the productivity of spiramycin were carried out. Of oil tolerant mutant strains screened, one mutant, Streptomyces ambofaciens XC 2-37, produced 9% more spiramycin than the parent strain S. ambofaciens XC 1-29. The effects of soybean oil and propyl alcohol on spiramycin production with S. ambofaciens XC 2-37 were studied. The potency of S. ambofaciens XC 2-37 was improved by 61.8% with addition of 2% soybean oil in the fermentation medium and 0.4% propyl alcohol at 24 hours after incubation. The suitable time for feeding propyl alcohol is at 24 hours after incubation in flask fermentation and at 20 hours after incubation in fermentor fermentation. The new process with S. ambofaciens XC 2-37 was scaled up for industrial scale production of spiramycin in a 60 m3 fermentor in Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory, Zhejiang Medicine Company, Ltd., China, and the potency and productivity of fermentation were improved by 42.9%.展开更多
A novel visible light-active photocatalyst formulation（NdT/OP） was obtained by supporting N-doped TiO2（NdT） particles on up-conversion luminescent organic phosphors（OP）. The photocatalytic activity of such catal...A novel visible light-active photocatalyst formulation（NdT/OP） was obtained by supporting N-doped TiO2（NdT） particles on up-conversion luminescent organic phosphors（OP）. The photocatalytic activity of such catalysts was evaluated for the mineralization process of spiramycin in aqueous solution. The effect of NdT loading in the range 15–60 wt.% on bulk and surface characteristics of NdT/OP catalysts was investigated by several chemicophysical characterization techniques. The photocatalytic performance of NdT/OP catalysts in the removal of spyramicin from aqueous solution was assessed through photocatalytic tests under visible light irradiation. Total organic carbon（TOC） of aqueous solution,and CO and CO2 gas concentrations evolved during the photodegradation were analyzed. A dramatic enhancement of photocatalytic activity of the photostructured visible active NdT/OP catalysts,compared to NdT catalyst,was observed. Only CO2 was detected in gas-phase during visible light irradiation,proving that the photocatalytic process is effective in the mineralization of spiramycin,reaching very high values of TOC removal. The photocatalyst NdT/OP at 30 wt.% of NdT loading showed the highest photocatalytic activity（58%of TOC removed after 180 min irradiation against only 31% removal after 300 min of irradiation of NdT）. We attribute this enhanced activity to the high effectiveness in the utilization of visible light through improved light harvesting and exploiting. OP particles act as ＂photoactive support＂,able to be excited by the external visible light irradiation,and reissue luminescence of wavelength suitable to promote NdT photomineralization activity.展开更多
This paper presents the effects of acidity and additive pretreatment on the filtering rate and Spiramycin (SPM) concentration in the filter liquor of SPM fermentation broth. The experimental results show that the SPM ...This paper presents the effects of acidity and additive pretreatment on the filtering rate and Spiramycin (SPM) concentration in the filter liquor of SPM fermentation broth. The experimental results show that the SPM peak value in filter liquor is obtained at pH 5.5 with either 0.1% methanal or 0.1% BAPE. It is also indicated that there exists a dissolution equilibrium of proteins from the experiment results. The soluble proteins are denatured due to the too high/low acidity and then precipitate. Usually, the amount of soluble proteins reaches its lowest level in pH range of 6 0 6 5. The protein precipitation will, together with other suspended solids particles, contribute to the final SPM concentration in the filter liquor. This paper assumes that the contribution is the result of the adsorption equilibrium of SPM on the surfaces of suspended solids. For a satisfactory explanation, the revised Langmuir adsorption theory was employed and a model was developed.展开更多
螺旋霉素链霉菌生物合成螺旋霉素的过程受许多酶的调控作用。酰基激酶和酰基 Co A合成酶是螺旋霉素内酯环合成的重要酶。实验测定了它们的酶活趋势和酶的影响因子。结果表明 ,酰基激酶和酰基 Co A合成酶都有两个活力峰 ,前者活性集中在...螺旋霉素链霉菌生物合成螺旋霉素的过程受许多酶的调控作用。酰基激酶和酰基 Co A合成酶是螺旋霉素内酯环合成的重要酶。实验测定了它们的酶活趋势和酶的影响因子。结果表明 ,酰基激酶和酰基 Co A合成酶都有两个活力峰 ,前者活性集中在发酵中前期 ,后者活性集中在发酵中后期。实验发现 Co2 + 、Mn2 + 对酰基激酶和酰基 Co A合成酶有较强的激活作用 ,Cu2 + 对酰基激酶有抑制作用 ,但对酰基 Co A合成酶有很强的激活作用。在发酵中期向摇瓶中补加二价阳离子比在发酵初期加入有更明显的激活作用 ,平均效价最高提高了 31 %展开更多
通过自主设计的多级厌氧反应器系统来考察半连续处理螺旋霉素工业发酵菌渣的效果。该系统总反应体积为44 L,由4个11 L的升流式厌氧反应罐组成,罐体间采用串联方式连接。121 d的连续运行周期分为3个阶段,各阶段的有机负荷率分别为1.27、1...通过自主设计的多级厌氧反应器系统来考察半连续处理螺旋霉素工业发酵菌渣的效果。该系统总反应体积为44 L,由4个11 L的升流式厌氧反应罐组成,罐体间采用串联方式连接。121 d的连续运行周期分为3个阶段,各阶段的有机负荷率分别为1.27、1.82和2.73 kg COD/(m3·d)。全过程中主要监测了各级罐体的产气量和螺旋霉素的降解。结果表明,多级厌氧反应器系统启动初期会出现产气不稳定现象,经过2个月的运行之后系统达到稳定状态。在有机负荷达到2.73 kg COD/(m3·d)时,各级罐体仍能稳定运行,总产气的45%集中在1号罐。在系统启动初期,螺旋霉素不能被明显降解。运行约80 d后,整个体系达到了快速降解螺旋霉素的状态,在2.73 kg COD/(m3·d)的有机负荷率下,螺旋霉素降解率达到97%,同时可溶性COD降解率也达到了90%。展开更多
文摘A sensitive analytical method to identify active metabolites of bitespiramycin in rat urine and bile was developed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MSn). Bitespiramycin and its major active metabolites in rat urine and bile were isolated and identified as Ml serial (spiramycin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ), M2 serial (platenomycin Al, josamycin and leucomycin Al) and M3 serial (deisovalerylplatenomycin Al, deisovaleryl-josamycin, deisovalerylleucomycin Al).
文摘Strain improvement and medium optimization to increase the productivity of spiramycin were carried out. Of oil tolerant mutant strains screened, one mutant, Streptomyces ambofaciens XC 2-37, produced 9% more spiramycin than the parent strain S. ambofaciens XC 1-29. The effects of soybean oil and propyl alcohol on spiramycin production with S. ambofaciens XC 2-37 were studied. The potency of S. ambofaciens XC 2-37 was improved by 61.8% with addition of 2% soybean oil in the fermentation medium and 0.4% propyl alcohol at 24 hours after incubation. The suitable time for feeding propyl alcohol is at 24 hours after incubation in flask fermentation and at 20 hours after incubation in fermentor fermentation. The new process with S. ambofaciens XC 2-37 was scaled up for industrial scale production of spiramycin in a 60 m3 fermentor in Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory, Zhejiang Medicine Company, Ltd., China, and the potency and productivity of fermentation were improved by 42.9%.
文摘A novel visible light-active photocatalyst formulation（NdT/OP） was obtained by supporting N-doped TiO2（NdT） particles on up-conversion luminescent organic phosphors（OP）. The photocatalytic activity of such catalysts was evaluated for the mineralization process of spiramycin in aqueous solution. The effect of NdT loading in the range 15–60 wt.% on bulk and surface characteristics of NdT/OP catalysts was investigated by several chemicophysical characterization techniques. The photocatalytic performance of NdT/OP catalysts in the removal of spyramicin from aqueous solution was assessed through photocatalytic tests under visible light irradiation. Total organic carbon（TOC） of aqueous solution,and CO and CO2 gas concentrations evolved during the photodegradation were analyzed. A dramatic enhancement of photocatalytic activity of the photostructured visible active NdT/OP catalysts,compared to NdT catalyst,was observed. Only CO2 was detected in gas-phase during visible light irradiation,proving that the photocatalytic process is effective in the mineralization of spiramycin,reaching very high values of TOC removal. The photocatalyst NdT/OP at 30 wt.% of NdT loading showed the highest photocatalytic activity（58%of TOC removed after 180 min irradiation against only 31% removal after 300 min of irradiation of NdT）. We attribute this enhanced activity to the high effectiveness in the utilization of visible light through improved light harvesting and exploiting. OP particles act as ＂photoactive support＂,able to be excited by the external visible light irradiation,and reissue luminescence of wavelength suitable to promote NdT photomineralization activity.
文摘This paper presents the effects of acidity and additive pretreatment on the filtering rate and Spiramycin (SPM) concentration in the filter liquor of SPM fermentation broth. The experimental results show that the SPM peak value in filter liquor is obtained at pH 5.5 with either 0.1% methanal or 0.1% BAPE. It is also indicated that there exists a dissolution equilibrium of proteins from the experiment results. The soluble proteins are denatured due to the too high/low acidity and then precipitate. Usually, the amount of soluble proteins reaches its lowest level in pH range of 6 0 6 5. The protein precipitation will, together with other suspended solids particles, contribute to the final SPM concentration in the filter liquor. This paper assumes that the contribution is the result of the adsorption equilibrium of SPM on the surfaces of suspended solids. For a satisfactory explanation, the revised Langmuir adsorption theory was employed and a model was developed.
文摘螺旋霉素链霉菌生物合成螺旋霉素的过程受许多酶的调控作用。酰基激酶和酰基 Co A合成酶是螺旋霉素内酯环合成的重要酶。实验测定了它们的酶活趋势和酶的影响因子。结果表明 ,酰基激酶和酰基 Co A合成酶都有两个活力峰 ,前者活性集中在发酵中前期 ,后者活性集中在发酵中后期。实验发现 Co2 + 、Mn2 + 对酰基激酶和酰基 Co A合成酶有较强的激活作用 ,Cu2 + 对酰基激酶有抑制作用 ,但对酰基 Co A合成酶有很强的激活作用。在发酵中期向摇瓶中补加二价阳离子比在发酵初期加入有更明显的激活作用 ,平均效价最高提高了 31 %
文摘通过自主设计的多级厌氧反应器系统来考察半连续处理螺旋霉素工业发酵菌渣的效果。该系统总反应体积为44 L,由4个11 L的升流式厌氧反应罐组成,罐体间采用串联方式连接。121 d的连续运行周期分为3个阶段,各阶段的有机负荷率分别为1.27、1.82和2.73 kg COD/(m3·d)。全过程中主要监测了各级罐体的产气量和螺旋霉素的降解。结果表明,多级厌氧反应器系统启动初期会出现产气不稳定现象,经过2个月的运行之后系统达到稳定状态。在有机负荷达到2.73 kg COD/(m3·d)时,各级罐体仍能稳定运行,总产气的45%集中在1号罐。在系统启动初期,螺旋霉素不能被明显降解。运行约80 d后,整个体系达到了快速降解螺旋霉素的状态,在2.73 kg COD/(m3·d)的有机负荷率下,螺旋霉素降解率达到97%,同时可溶性COD降解率也达到了90%。
