Based on the continuous monthly monitoring works of the dripwater and modem speleothems in Xueyu Cave,we measured a high deposit rate of the secondary sediments.Impressively,the mean deposit rate of calcite is 5.33 mg...Based on the continuous monthly monitoring works of the dripwater and modem speleothems in Xueyu Cave,we measured a high deposit rate of the secondary sediments.Impressively,the mean deposit rate of calcite is 5.33 mg/day,but the variation amplitude is significant during the year.Besides,the monthly variation does not coincide with the geochemical characteristics of the relevant dripwater, and a preliminary test of some hydrophilic and展开更多
Beijing Shihua Cave is located at the northeastern part of the granite fringed Paleozoic to Mesozoic synclinal belt in Fangshan,which is face to face with the Peking Man(Homo erectus pekinensis) Relic Site.The stratig...Beijing Shihua Cave is located at the northeastern part of the granite fringed Paleozoic to Mesozoic synclinal belt in Fangshan,which is face to face with the Peking Man(Homo erectus pekinensis) Relic Site.The stratigraphy sequence is composed of Majiagou Formation limestone formed before 460 Ma in Middle Ordovician.The large forms of cave began to展开更多
Speleothems from Nerja Cave in southern Spain provide a record during interglacial period MIS5a. Period of speleothem deposition occurred from 70,000 90,000 yr ago. Oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) isotope ratios of ...Speleothems from Nerja Cave in southern Spain provide a record during interglacial period MIS5a. Period of speleothem deposition occurred from 70,000 90,000 yr ago. Oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) isotope ratios of speleothem and fluid inclusions enable the reconstruction of climatic variability in this region of southern Spain. Fluid inclusions trapped in speleothems represent samples of drip water from which the speleothems grew. The isotopic compositions of cave dripwaters approximate average annual δ18O and δD of precipitation, therefore δ18O can be calculated from D/H of inclusion water using the MWL relationship δD = 8δ18O + 10. The measurements of the δD values of fluid-inclusion water and δ18O values from speleothems have been applied to paleoclimate reconstruction in Southern Spain indicating a colder condition than at present.展开更多
The Westerlies is important in linking the Northem high latitude, North Atlantic and East Asian monsoon. The location and intensity of the Westerly jet can not only control the climate of central Asia （including nort...The Westerlies is important in linking the Northem high latitude, North Atlantic and East Asian monsoon. The location and intensity of the Westerly jet can not only control the climate of central Asia （including northwest arid China）, but also significantly influence the climate of the East Asian monsoon region. However, it remains unclear of the variability of the Westerlies in Asia on multiple timeseales and their global linkage.展开更多
The studies of the oxgen and carbon isotopes of the rainwater in Guilin area, the drip water and the present carbonate deposit in Panlong cave of Guilin show that: (i) as to the general characteristics of the oxygen i...The studies of the oxgen and carbon isotopes of the rainwater in Guilin area, the drip water and the present carbonate deposit in Panlong cave of Guilin show that: (i) as to the general characteristics of the oxygen isotopes of the rainwater within a year and between years, the δ18O values decrease with an increase of air temperature and the rainfall, and the correlation between δ18O values and the mean monthly air temperature is much better than that between δ18O values and the rainfall, and the δ18O values of the rainwater during the summer monsoon are much smaller than those during winter monsoon; (ii) δ18O values of the drip water have a quite good correlation with the δ18O values of the rainwater in the same period; (iii) when the conditions are appropriate, δ13C can be used as an environmental proxy, that is, the smaller δ13C of speleothems is, the larger the proportion of C3 plants is and the more plentiful the rainfall is. On the contrary, C4plants may be prevailing or the environment may be a stony desert caused by climate changes or human activity.展开更多
Application of X-ray fluorescence core-scanning(XRF-CS) on both marine and lake sediments has achieved remarkable results. However, its application has not been widely extended to the research on speleothems. In this ...Application of X-ray fluorescence core-scanning(XRF-CS) on both marine and lake sediments has achieved remarkable results. However, its application has not been widely extended to the research on speleothems. In this study, we measure the Sr abundance and the Sr/Ca ratios of three stalagmites(two aragonite stalagmites, one calcite stalagmite) using the state-of-the-art fourth-generation Avaatech high-resolution XRF core scanner. Through comparisons among different scan paths and among different scan resolutions, as well as comparisons with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES), Itrax XRF, and Artax XRF results, we confirm that the Avaatech XRF core scanner could precisely, quickly, and nondestructively analyze the high-resolution Sr abundance of speleothems. Furthermore, we combine the stalagmite δ^(18)O records to explore the paleoclimatic significance of the measured stalagmite Sr/Ca.展开更多
U-series ages of a set of speleothem samples from the two caves near Tangshan Town, Nanjing, determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), range from older than 500 KaBP to around 20 kaBP. These dated spe...U-series ages of a set of speleothem samples from the two caves near Tangshan Town, Nanjing, determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), range from older than 500 KaBP to around 20 kaBP. These dated speleothems with unequivocal stratigraphic layers in cave sediments provide basic data to establish a geochronologic sequence for the展开更多
In-situ seasonalδ18O measurements of section 236.3-235.6 cm of speleothem HS4, from Qingjiang Valley of the Middle reaches of Yangtze River, China, were performed by an Secondary Ionization Mass Spectrometry （SIMS）...In-situ seasonalδ18O measurements of section 236.3-235.6 cm of speleothem HS4, from Qingjiang Valley of the Middle reaches of Yangtze River, China, were performed by an Secondary Ionization Mass Spectrometry （SIMS） with Oka （Chinese primary calcite standard GBW04481） and UWC-3 （international calcite standard from University of Wisconsin）. The potential of using SIMS δ18O measurements to establish speleothem time series has been explored and the differences between conventional and SIMS δ18O values have been discussed. During a 3-day period, UWC-3 δ18O has been measured on Cameca IMS δ18O Ion Microprobe Mass Spectrometer against ＂Oka＂ external standard. The measured mean value of UWC-3 （δ18OVPDB= -17.85‰±0.22‰, 1SD） matches well with its recommended value （δ18OvPDB=-17.83‰±0.08‰）, suggesting that the instrument was stable. The same method applied on HS4 produced δ18O measurements at seasonal resolution with distinct annual cycles and the total cycle number in agreement with that from Mg/Ca cycles and lamination layer counting of the same section, so it offers an alternative for accessing speleothem time series. However, compared with conventional δ18O values of HS4, SIMS δ18O values are more negative by 0.90‰ with larger seasonal variation. The main reasons might come from the mi- cro-cracks, micro-pores or liquid inclusions existing in HS4, and organic materials in the speleothem might be another factor affecting the SIMS δ18O values, indicating that to obtain reliable speleothem SIMS δ18O values, both compaction and purity of samples are crucial.展开更多
Within the East Asian monsoon zone the change in oxygen isotope of Holocene stalagmite is mainly related to monsoon rain rather than to temperature. And carbon isotope can be taken as a comprehensive signal which cont...Within the East Asian monsoon zone the change in oxygen isotope of Holocene stalagmite is mainly related to monsoon rain rather than to temperature. And carbon isotope can be taken as a comprehensive signal which contains the natural information and the information of anthropogenic activity. Isotopic analysis is also compared with the annual layer records.展开更多
Trace metals of Mg, Sr and Ba in a stalagmite (SZ2) collected from Suozi Cave in NE Sichuan, Central China, were analyzed with ICP-AES. The stalagmite was dated to have developed between 120 and 103 ka BP. Results ind...Trace metals of Mg, Sr and Ba in a stalagmite (SZ2) collected from Suozi Cave in NE Sichuan, Central China, were analyzed with ICP-AES. The stalagmite was dated to have developed between 120 and 103 ka BP. Results indicate that the Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios of SZ2 varied between (9500-14700) 10 6 , (54-123) 10 6 and (31-82) 10 6 , respectively. The three records displayed significant millennial scale variations, which correlate with changes in past climate and environment. Lower values of Mg/Ca ratios and higher values of Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios of SZ2 occurred during relatively cold-dry marine isotope stage (MIS) 5d, while the opposite trend was observed during relatively warm-humid MIS 5c. Trace metals in speleothems can be affected by distribution coefficients or trace metal concentrations in solutions from which speleothems precipitate. Temperature is suggested to be the dominant controller of Mg/Ca ratios in SZ2, whereas the Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios may have been influenced by surface soil and atmospheric dust activities and prior calcite precipitation in Suozi Cave. Further investigations are warranted as to whether Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios were affected by temperature and growth rate of the speleothem. The shifts of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca records in SZ2 during the transition from MIS 5d to 5c apparently were earlier than the oxygen isotope record ( 18 O) of the same stalagmite. This possibly indicates (1) that atmospheric dust activity (the mechanism affecting SZ2 Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios) is closely related to temperature, and (2) that temperature changes (dominated by solar insolation) precedes change in speleothem 18 O records which are controlled by both summer monsoons and winter temperatures.展开更多
Based on the comparison of dating results among high-precision TIMS U-series and AMS 14C as well as the published 14C dating results and their band counting ages (i.e. calendar ages), this paper discusses the effect o...Based on the comparison of dating results among high-precision TIMS U-series and AMS 14C as well as the published 14C dating results and their band counting ages (i.e. calendar ages), this paper discusses the effect of dead carbon on the speleothem 14C dating. The result shows that the fraction of incorporated dead carbon during the forma- tion of speleothem varies. The change in the fraction of dead carbon would result in big deviation in the 14C age of the speleothem. It is indispensable to take the dead carbon into consideration when dating the speleothem using the 14C method or studying the atmospheric 14C concentration dur- ing the past with the speleothem.展开更多
文摘Based on the continuous monthly monitoring works of the dripwater and modem speleothems in Xueyu Cave,we measured a high deposit rate of the secondary sediments.Impressively,the mean deposit rate of calcite is 5.33 mg/day,but the variation amplitude is significant during the year.Besides,the monthly variation does not coincide with the geochemical characteristics of the relevant dripwater, and a preliminary test of some hydrophilic and
文摘Beijing Shihua Cave is located at the northeastern part of the granite fringed Paleozoic to Mesozoic synclinal belt in Fangshan,which is face to face with the Peking Man(Homo erectus pekinensis) Relic Site.The stratigraphy sequence is composed of Majiagou Formation limestone formed before 460 Ma in Middle Ordovician.The large forms of cave began to
文摘Speleothems from Nerja Cave in southern Spain provide a record during interglacial period MIS5a. Period of speleothem deposition occurred from 70,000 90,000 yr ago. Oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) isotope ratios of speleothem and fluid inclusions enable the reconstruction of climatic variability in this region of southern Spain. Fluid inclusions trapped in speleothems represent samples of drip water from which the speleothems grew. The isotopic compositions of cave dripwaters approximate average annual δ18O and δD of precipitation, therefore δ18O can be calculated from D/H of inclusion water using the MWL relationship δD = 8δ18O + 10. The measurements of the δD values of fluid-inclusion water and δ18O values from speleothems have been applied to paleoclimate reconstruction in Southern Spain indicating a colder condition than at present.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.41290254 and 41372192)the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,and Chinese Academy of Science(International partnership Program,grant No.132B61KYS20160002)
文摘The Westerlies is important in linking the Northem high latitude, North Atlantic and East Asian monsoon. The location and intensity of the Westerly jet can not only control the climate of central Asia （including northwest arid China）, but also significantly influence the climate of the East Asian monsoon region. However, it remains unclear of the variability of the Westerlies in Asia on multiple timeseales and their global linkage.
文摘The studies of the oxgen and carbon isotopes of the rainwater in Guilin area, the drip water and the present carbonate deposit in Panlong cave of Guilin show that: (i) as to the general characteristics of the oxygen isotopes of the rainwater within a year and between years, the δ18O values decrease with an increase of air temperature and the rainfall, and the correlation between δ18O values and the mean monthly air temperature is much better than that between δ18O values and the rainfall, and the δ18O values of the rainwater during the summer monsoon are much smaller than those during winter monsoon; (ii) δ18O values of the drip water have a quite good correlation with the δ18O values of the rainwater in the same period; (iii) when the conditions are appropriate, δ13C can be used as an environmental proxy, that is, the smaller δ13C of speleothems is, the larger the proportion of C3 plants is and the more plentiful the rainfall is. On the contrary, C4plants may be prevailing or the environment may be a stony desert caused by climate changes or human activity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0603401)Shaanxi Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 2018JC-023)+2 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association (Grant No. 2012295)West Light Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciencesa part of The "Belt & Road" Project of the Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Application of X-ray fluorescence core-scanning(XRF-CS) on both marine and lake sediments has achieved remarkable results. However, its application has not been widely extended to the research on speleothems. In this study, we measure the Sr abundance and the Sr/Ca ratios of three stalagmites(two aragonite stalagmites, one calcite stalagmite) using the state-of-the-art fourth-generation Avaatech high-resolution XRF core scanner. Through comparisons among different scan paths and among different scan resolutions, as well as comparisons with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES), Itrax XRF, and Artax XRF results, we confirm that the Avaatech XRF core scanner could precisely, quickly, and nondestructively analyze the high-resolution Sr abundance of speleothems. Furthermore, we combine the stalagmite δ^(18)O records to explore the paleoclimatic significance of the measured stalagmite Sr/Ca.
文摘U-series ages of a set of speleothem samples from the two caves near Tangshan Town, Nanjing, determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), range from older than 500 KaBP to around 20 kaBP. These dated speleothems with unequivocal stratigraphic layers in cave sediments provide basic data to establish a geochronologic sequence for the
基金supported by the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources(Grant No.GPMR201201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41371216)
文摘In-situ seasonalδ18O measurements of section 236.3-235.6 cm of speleothem HS4, from Qingjiang Valley of the Middle reaches of Yangtze River, China, were performed by an Secondary Ionization Mass Spectrometry （SIMS） with Oka （Chinese primary calcite standard GBW04481） and UWC-3 （international calcite standard from University of Wisconsin）. The potential of using SIMS δ18O measurements to establish speleothem time series has been explored and the differences between conventional and SIMS δ18O values have been discussed. During a 3-day period, UWC-3 δ18O has been measured on Cameca IMS δ18O Ion Microprobe Mass Spectrometer against ＂Oka＂ external standard. The measured mean value of UWC-3 （δ18OVPDB= -17.85‰±0.22‰, 1SD） matches well with its recommended value （δ18OvPDB=-17.83‰±0.08‰）, suggesting that the instrument was stable. The same method applied on HS4 produced δ18O measurements at seasonal resolution with distinct annual cycles and the total cycle number in agreement with that from Mg/Ca cycles and lamination layer counting of the same section, so it offers an alternative for accessing speleothem time series. However, compared with conventional δ18O values of HS4, SIMS δ18O values are more negative by 0.90‰ with larger seasonal variation. The main reasons might come from the mi- cro-cracks, micro-pores or liquid inclusions existing in HS4, and organic materials in the speleothem might be another factor affecting the SIMS δ18O values, indicating that to obtain reliable speleothem SIMS δ18O values, both compaction and purity of samples are crucial.
文摘Within the East Asian monsoon zone the change in oxygen isotope of Holocene stalagmite is mainly related to monsoon rain rather than to temperature. And carbon isotope can be taken as a comprehensive signal which contains the natural information and the information of anthropogenic activity. Isotopic analysis is also compared with the annual layer records.
基金supported by theNational Natural Science Foundation of China (40973009 and 40672120)
文摘Trace metals of Mg, Sr and Ba in a stalagmite (SZ2) collected from Suozi Cave in NE Sichuan, Central China, were analyzed with ICP-AES. The stalagmite was dated to have developed between 120 and 103 ka BP. Results indicate that the Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios of SZ2 varied between (9500-14700) 10 6 , (54-123) 10 6 and (31-82) 10 6 , respectively. The three records displayed significant millennial scale variations, which correlate with changes in past climate and environment. Lower values of Mg/Ca ratios and higher values of Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios of SZ2 occurred during relatively cold-dry marine isotope stage (MIS) 5d, while the opposite trend was observed during relatively warm-humid MIS 5c. Trace metals in speleothems can be affected by distribution coefficients or trace metal concentrations in solutions from which speleothems precipitate. Temperature is suggested to be the dominant controller of Mg/Ca ratios in SZ2, whereas the Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios may have been influenced by surface soil and atmospheric dust activities and prior calcite precipitation in Suozi Cave. Further investigations are warranted as to whether Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios were affected by temperature and growth rate of the speleothem. The shifts of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca records in SZ2 during the transition from MIS 5d to 5c apparently were earlier than the oxygen isotope record ( 18 O) of the same stalagmite. This possibly indicates (1) that atmospheric dust activity (the mechanism affecting SZ2 Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios) is closely related to temperature, and (2) that temperature changes (dominated by solar insolation) precedes change in speleothem 18 O records which are controlled by both summer monsoons and winter temperatures.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.KZCX2-SW-118 and KZCX3-SW-120)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.G1 999043401).
文摘Based on the comparison of dating results among high-precision TIMS U-series and AMS 14C as well as the published 14C dating results and their band counting ages (i.e. calendar ages), this paper discusses the effect of dead carbon on the speleothem 14C dating. The result shows that the fraction of incorporated dead carbon during the forma- tion of speleothem varies. The change in the fraction of dead carbon would result in big deviation in the 14C age of the speleothem. It is indispensable to take the dead carbon into consideration when dating the speleothem using the 14C method or studying the atmospheric 14C concentration dur- ing the past with the speleothem.
