Spartina alterniflora invasions seriously threaten the structure and functions of coastal wetlands in China.In this study,the Suaeda salsa community in the Yellow River Estuary wetland was monitored using long-term La...Spartina alterniflora invasions seriously threaten the structure and functions of coastal wetlands in China.In this study,the Suaeda salsa community in the Yellow River Estuary wetland was monitored using long-term Landsat satellite images acquired from 1997 to 2020 to quantify the impact of changes in hydrological connectivity induced by S.alterniflora on neighboring vegetation com-munities.The results showed that S.alterniflora rapidly expanded in the estuary area at a rate of 4.91 km^(2)/yr from 2010 to 2020.At the same time,the hydrological connectivity of the area and the distribution of S.salsa changed significantly.Small tidal creeks dominated the S.alterniflora landscape.The number of tidal creeks increased significantly,but their average length decreased and they tended to develop in a horizontal tree-like pattern.Affected by the changes in hydrological connectivity due to the S.alterniflora invasion,the area of S.salsa decreased by 41.1%,and the degree of landscape fragmentation increased from 1997 to 2020.Variations in the Largest Patch Index(LPI)indicated that the S.alterniflora landscape had become the dominant landscape type in the Yellow River Estuary.The res-ults of standard deviation ellipse(SDE)and Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that a well-developed hydrological connectivity could promote the maintenance of the S.salsa landscape.The degradation of most S.salsa communities is caused by the influence of S.alterniflora on the morphological characteristics of the hydrological connectivity of tidal creek systems.展开更多
Seed movement is a key hub for the management of Spartina alterniflora.Seed transport patterns under varying dominant wind directions and initiation rates were evaluated by tidal model combined with ecological model.B...Seed movement is a key hub for the management of Spartina alterniflora.Seed transport patterns under varying dominant wind directions and initiation rates were evaluated by tidal model combined with ecological model.Before the simulation,S.alterniflora distribution in the research area was determined and seed deposition rate was measured experimentally.Research findings indicated that:1)Wind direction affected the primary direction of seed dispersal for S.alterniflora.2)A positive correlation was discovered between wind speed and the distance traveled by S.alterniflora seeds,such that seeds showed the longest displacement under prevailing summer winds,with maximum displacement of up to 25 m.3)Starting velocity played a key role in the determination of the extent of S.alterniflora seed dispersal.Specifically,when initiation flow velocity reached 0.1 m s^(-1),seed transport range was maximized.Furthermore,as time progressed,seed transport range continued to expand.展开更多
Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Spartina alterniflora zones in the Yangtze Estuary, in China, were investigated seasonally in 2005, and their structure and biodiversity were analyzed. Twenty-one species were ...Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Spartina alterniflora zones in the Yangtze Estuary, in China, were investigated seasonally in 2005, and their structure and biodiversity were analyzed. Twenty-one species were identified, across four Classes; 10 species of Crustacea, five species of Polychaeta, five species of Gastropoda, and one species of Lamellibranchia. Dominant species included： Assiminea sp., Notomastus latericeus, Cerithidea largillierl, Gtauconome chinensi and Gammaridae sp. Functional groups were comprised of a phytophagous group and a detritivorous group. The average density of all benthic macroinvertebrates was 650.5 ±719.2 inds/m^2 in the survey area. The high value of the standard deviation of the average density was a result of abundant Assiminea sp. at Beihu tidal flats. The average density of macroinvertebrates from Beihu tidal flat, Chongming Dongtan to Jinshanwei tidal flat decreased gradually. There was significant difference between compositions and abundance of macroinvertebrates along the estuary gradient （P 〈 0.05）. The density and biodiversity were highest in summer and lowest in winter. The mean biomass of macroinvertebrates was 20.8 ± 6.1 g/m^2. Biomass changed seasonally in the same way as density, with the change in biomass being： summer （Aug.） 〉autumn （Oct.） 〉spring （Apr.） 〉 winter （Dec.）. A BIO-ENV analysis showed that the mean grain size of sediment, height of Spartina and salinity were the ma- jor factors which affected the structure of the macroinvertebrate community. Variations in the community structure were probably caused by the population dynamics of S. alterniflora along with the variation in sampling time and location.展开更多
[Objective] The countermeasure on the number of fructification of Spartina alterniflora in the period of sexual reproduction and the component of seed yielding construction was explored.[Method] The Spartina altemiflo...[Objective] The countermeasure on the number of fructification of Spartina alterniflora in the period of sexual reproduction and the component of seed yielding construction was explored.[Method] The Spartina altemiflora in Mangroves conservation zone located at Hepu of Guangxi being taken as experimental material, its morphological and quantitative characteristics, as well as the weight of 100 full seeds at maturity stage in three different growth conditions（ clay, loam and sand） were studied. [ Results] The results showed that Spartina alterniflora had the best growth pattern in the loam. The morphological factors of fructification of S. altemiflora grown in sand were larger then in others. In the three growth conditions the order of quantitative characteristics of fructification of S. alterniflora was clay 〉 sand 〉 loam and the seeds in spikelet at top position were more maturity than those at the button position. [ Conclusion] In good condition, the Spartina altemiflora growth was vigor but the ratio of seed-setting was low.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore salt-resistant Spartina alterniflora and high-yield rice with germplasm resource in order to create new salt-resistant rice species with dual-purpose of food and forage. [Method] Fro...[Objective] The aim was to explore salt-resistant Spartina alterniflora and high-yield rice with germplasm resource in order to create new salt-resistant rice species with dual-purpose of food and forage. [Method] From 2009 to 2011, re- searches on distant hybridization of Spartina alterniflora and Oryza Sativa have been conducted with method of distant hybridization breeding. On the other hand, break- through and combination techniques （four selected one） were adopted to find the new rice species, including techniques of planting and selection in seashore, cyto- logical detection and selection, phenotype selection of backcross, and molecular marker assisted selection. [Result] Success rate of distant hybridization from 2009 to 2010 was 1.39%. RAPD molecular identification of 7C14 and rice female parent of Zhongxiang No.l, seed 2 was carried on with distant hybridization of male parent of Spartina altemiflora （H）. The results showed that bands same with Spartina alterni- flora parents were found in RH-1-10K205-7C14xH, RH-2-8K157-7C14xH, and RH-13- 9H5-Zhongxaing No.1 xH. Considering absent situation in rice parents, distant hy- bridization strains above were found with same parental genetic element as Spartina alterniflora. Female parent of rice 7K339, however, was under RAPD molecular identification with male parent of Spartina alterniflora. The result showed that bands same with Spartina alterniflora parents were found in RH-5-10K215, RH-6-8K48, RH- 12-9H9, RH-14-9H8 and RH-16-9H28. Considering absent situation in rice parents, distant hybridization strains above were found with same parental genetic element as Spartina altemiflora. Rest hybrid strains were found variance with Spartina alterniflora parents and rice parents in varying degrees. [Conclusion] New and excellent rice species of dual-purpose solves problem not only about salt-resistant species badly needed in coastal development and treatment of saline and alkaline land, but about fine fodder and roughage for herbivore, as well. What＇s more, this is of scientific significance in recourse utilization, efficiency improvement in agriculture, food security, and cultivation strategy.展开更多
[Objective] In order to explore the mechanism of combined inoculation mi- croorganisms in improving coastal saline soil property and plant growth. [Method] The pot experiment was used to assess the effects of differen...[Objective] In order to explore the mechanism of combined inoculation mi- croorganisms in improving coastal saline soil property and plant growth. [Method] The pot experiment was used to assess the effects of different inoculated proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） and Phosphate-sotubilizing fungus. Apophysomyces spartina, on growth, chlorophyll contents, P-uptake of castor bean （Ricinus communis L.） and rhizosphere soil pH values, available P concentrations, enzyme activities. [Result] The mixed inoculation of AMF and A. spartina significantly reduced soil pH value, increased soil available phosphorous contents, improved the activities of soil invertase, urease, neutral phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. Chlorophyll contents, P-uptake, and plant dry weight of castor bean were also in- creased. The optimal proportion of the number of AMF spores to A. spartina colonies was 28.56：11.5×10^5, which had positive effects on saline soil and could stimulate plant growth under greenhouse condition. [Conclusion] Appropriate propor- tion of AMF and A. spartina had the potential to enhance coastal saline soil prop- erty and promote castor bean growth.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the germplasm resources of salt-tolerant Spartina,sweet-stalk Soughum bicolor and high-yield Oryza sativa for innovation of new germplasms of salt-tolerant and sweet-stalk Oryza...[Objective] This study aimed to explore the germplasm resources of salt-tolerant Spartina,sweet-stalk Soughum bicolor and high-yield Oryza sativa for innovation of new germplasms of salt-tolerant and sweet-stalk Oryza sativa with dual purpose of food and forage in sea beach.[Method] From 2009 to 2012,researches on distant hybridization of Spartina,Soughum bicolor and Oryza sativa had been carried out,and the RAPD molecular identification of obtained distant hybridization materials had been conducted.[Result] Experimental evidences of hybrid seed setting,transplanting and economic characters of hybrid materials were obtained;among the 14 hybrid materials for RAPD analysis,5 materials shared common bands with Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents,which were absent in Oryza sativa parent,indicating that the genetic component of Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents has been integrated into the 5 distant hybrids.[Conclusion] This study has important scientific significance in recourse utilization,agricultural efficiency improvement,food security,and cultivation strategy of China,showing broad application prospects.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the genetic structure of eight populations of Spartina alterniflora in China at the nuclear DNA level.[Method] The EH277045-derived sequences were amplified from 75 samples in 8...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the genetic structure of eight populations of Spartina alterniflora in China at the nuclear DNA level.[Method] The EH277045-derived sequences were amplified from 75 samples in 8 populations and directly sequenced.Nucleotide diversity,haplotype diversity,the mean value of Nei＇s genetic distance,genetic differentiation index FST and other genetic parameters were calculated to estimate the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of S.alterniflora populations in China.[Result] 75 samples were divided into 25 haplotypes by 28 polymorphic sites.Relatively high nucleotide diversity（π=0.011） and haplotype diversity（Hd=0.794） were detected.The mean value of Nei＇s genetic distance and genetic differentiation index FST among eight populations were 0.056 and 0.222,respectively,the Nei＇s genetic distance ranged from 0.000 to 0.189 and FST ranged from 0.000 to 0.444 between each pair of the eight populations.AMOVA result revealed that 79% and 21% of the total genetic variation was partitioned within and among S.alterniflora populations,respectively.[Conclusion] At the nuclear DNA level,there were a relatively high level of genetic diversity and a relatively low level of genetic differentiation among S.alterniflora populations in China,and the genetic diversity existed mainly within rather than among populations.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2006215,U1806218)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0505902)。
文摘Spartina alterniflora invasions seriously threaten the structure and functions of coastal wetlands in China.In this study,the Suaeda salsa community in the Yellow River Estuary wetland was monitored using long-term Landsat satellite images acquired from 1997 to 2020 to quantify the impact of changes in hydrological connectivity induced by S.alterniflora on neighboring vegetation com-munities.The results showed that S.alterniflora rapidly expanded in the estuary area at a rate of 4.91 km^(2)/yr from 2010 to 2020.At the same time,the hydrological connectivity of the area and the distribution of S.salsa changed significantly.Small tidal creeks dominated the S.alterniflora landscape.The number of tidal creeks increased significantly,but their average length decreased and they tended to develop in a horizontal tree-like pattern.Affected by the changes in hydrological connectivity due to the S.alterniflora invasion,the area of S.salsa decreased by 41.1%,and the degree of landscape fragmentation increased from 1997 to 2020.Variations in the Largest Patch Index(LPI)indicated that the S.alterniflora landscape had become the dominant landscape type in the Yellow River Estuary.The res-ults of standard deviation ellipse(SDE)and Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that a well-developed hydrological connectivity could promote the maintenance of the S.salsa landscape.The degradation of most S.salsa communities is caused by the influence of S.alterniflora on the morphological characteristics of the hydrological connectivity of tidal creek systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund Projects(No.U21A20164)。
文摘Seed movement is a key hub for the management of Spartina alterniflora.Seed transport patterns under varying dominant wind directions and initiation rates were evaluated by tidal model combined with ecological model.Before the simulation,S.alterniflora distribution in the research area was determined and seed deposition rate was measured experimentally.Research findings indicated that:1)Wind direction affected the primary direction of seed dispersal for S.alterniflora.2)A positive correlation was discovered between wind speed and the distance traveled by S.alterniflora seeds,such that seeds showed the longest displacement under prevailing summer winds,with maximum displacement of up to 25 m.3)Starting velocity played a key role in the determination of the extent of S.alterniflora seed dispersal.Specifically,when initiation flow velocity reached 0.1 m s^(-1),seed transport range was maximized.Furthermore,as time progressed,seed transport range continued to expand.
文摘Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Spartina alterniflora zones in the Yangtze Estuary, in China, were investigated seasonally in 2005, and their structure and biodiversity were analyzed. Twenty-one species were identified, across four Classes; 10 species of Crustacea, five species of Polychaeta, five species of Gastropoda, and one species of Lamellibranchia. Dominant species included： Assiminea sp., Notomastus latericeus, Cerithidea largillierl, Gtauconome chinensi and Gammaridae sp. Functional groups were comprised of a phytophagous group and a detritivorous group. The average density of all benthic macroinvertebrates was 650.5 ±719.2 inds/m^2 in the survey area. The high value of the standard deviation of the average density was a result of abundant Assiminea sp. at Beihu tidal flats. The average density of macroinvertebrates from Beihu tidal flat, Chongming Dongtan to Jinshanwei tidal flat decreased gradually. There was significant difference between compositions and abundance of macroinvertebrates along the estuary gradient （P 〈 0.05）. The density and biodiversity were highest in summer and lowest in winter. The mean biomass of macroinvertebrates was 20.8 ± 6.1 g/m^2. Biomass changed seasonally in the same way as density, with the change in biomass being： summer （Aug.） 〉autumn （Oct.） 〉spring （Apr.） 〉 winter （Dec.）. A BIO-ENV analysis showed that the mean grain size of sediment, height of Spartina and salinity were the ma- jor factors which affected the structure of the macroinvertebrate community. Variations in the community structure were probably caused by the population dynamics of S. alterniflora along with the variation in sampling time and location.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30660036 )the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(0728096) Project of Graduate Student Education Innovation ofGuangxi (2008106020907M266)~~
文摘[Objective] The countermeasure on the number of fructification of Spartina alterniflora in the period of sexual reproduction and the component of seed yielding construction was explored.[Method] The Spartina altemiflora in Mangroves conservation zone located at Hepu of Guangxi being taken as experimental material, its morphological and quantitative characteristics, as well as the weight of 100 full seeds at maturity stage in three different growth conditions（ clay, loam and sand） were studied. [ Results] The results showed that Spartina alterniflora had the best growth pattern in the loam. The morphological factors of fructification of S. altemiflora grown in sand were larger then in others. In the three growth conditions the order of quantitative characteristics of fructification of S. alterniflora was clay 〉 sand 〉 loam and the seeds in spikelet at top position were more maturity than those at the button position. [ Conclusion] In good condition, the Spartina altemiflora growth was vigor but the ratio of seed-setting was low.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31072064)Foundation Project of Self-reliant Innovation for Agricultural Science and Technology,Supporting Project for Exploration and Research of Jiangsu Province in2011(TCX(11)4133,CX(11)4060)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore salt-resistant Spartina alterniflora and high-yield rice with germplasm resource in order to create new salt-resistant rice species with dual-purpose of food and forage. [Method] From 2009 to 2011, re- searches on distant hybridization of Spartina alterniflora and Oryza Sativa have been conducted with method of distant hybridization breeding. On the other hand, break- through and combination techniques （four selected one） were adopted to find the new rice species, including techniques of planting and selection in seashore, cyto- logical detection and selection, phenotype selection of backcross, and molecular marker assisted selection. [Result] Success rate of distant hybridization from 2009 to 2010 was 1.39%. RAPD molecular identification of 7C14 and rice female parent of Zhongxiang No.l, seed 2 was carried on with distant hybridization of male parent of Spartina altemiflora （H）. The results showed that bands same with Spartina alterni- flora parents were found in RH-1-10K205-7C14xH, RH-2-8K157-7C14xH, and RH-13- 9H5-Zhongxaing No.1 xH. Considering absent situation in rice parents, distant hy- bridization strains above were found with same parental genetic element as Spartina alterniflora. Female parent of rice 7K339, however, was under RAPD molecular identification with male parent of Spartina alterniflora. The result showed that bands same with Spartina alterniflora parents were found in RH-5-10K215, RH-6-8K48, RH- 12-9H9, RH-14-9H8 and RH-16-9H28. Considering absent situation in rice parents, distant hybridization strains above were found with same parental genetic element as Spartina altemiflora. Rest hybrid strains were found variance with Spartina alterniflora parents and rice parents in varying degrees. [Conclusion] New and excellent rice species of dual-purpose solves problem not only about salt-resistant species badly needed in coastal development and treatment of saline and alkaline land, but about fine fodder and roughage for herbivore, as well. What＇s more, this is of scientific significance in recourse utilization, efficiency improvement in agriculture, food security, and cultivation strategy.
基金Supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2012M511728)~~
文摘[Objective] In order to explore the mechanism of combined inoculation mi- croorganisms in improving coastal saline soil property and plant growth. [Method] The pot experiment was used to assess the effects of different inoculated proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） and Phosphate-sotubilizing fungus. Apophysomyces spartina, on growth, chlorophyll contents, P-uptake of castor bean （Ricinus communis L.） and rhizosphere soil pH values, available P concentrations, enzyme activities. [Result] The mixed inoculation of AMF and A. spartina significantly reduced soil pH value, increased soil available phosphorous contents, improved the activities of soil invertase, urease, neutral phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. Chlorophyll contents, P-uptake, and plant dry weight of castor bean were also in- creased. The optimal proportion of the number of AMF spores to A. spartina colonies was 28.56：11.5×10^5, which had positive effects on saline soil and could stimulate plant growth under greenhouse condition. [Conclusion] Appropriate propor- tion of AMF and A. spartina had the potential to enhance coastal saline soil prop- erty and promote castor bean growth.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"Exploration and Innovation of Salt-tolerant and Sweet-stalk Rice Germplasm Resources with Dual Purpose of Food and Forage in Sea Beach"(BK2010270)Application Research Project from Nantong Municipal Science and Technology Bureau"Study on Molecular Breeding Technology for Salt-tolerant and Sweet-stalk Superior Forage Rice in Sea Beach"(BK2011006)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to explore the germplasm resources of salt-tolerant Spartina,sweet-stalk Soughum bicolor and high-yield Oryza sativa for innovation of new germplasms of salt-tolerant and sweet-stalk Oryza sativa with dual purpose of food and forage in sea beach.[Method] From 2009 to 2012,researches on distant hybridization of Spartina,Soughum bicolor and Oryza sativa had been carried out,and the RAPD molecular identification of obtained distant hybridization materials had been conducted.[Result] Experimental evidences of hybrid seed setting,transplanting and economic characters of hybrid materials were obtained;among the 14 hybrid materials for RAPD analysis,5 materials shared common bands with Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents,which were absent in Oryza sativa parent,indicating that the genetic component of Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents has been integrated into the 5 distant hybrids.[Conclusion] This study has important scientific significance in recourse utilization,agricultural efficiency improvement,food security,and cultivation strategy of China,showing broad application prospects.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30900161)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the genetic structure of eight populations of Spartina alterniflora in China at the nuclear DNA level.[Method] The EH277045-derived sequences were amplified from 75 samples in 8 populations and directly sequenced.Nucleotide diversity,haplotype diversity,the mean value of Nei＇s genetic distance,genetic differentiation index FST and other genetic parameters were calculated to estimate the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of S.alterniflora populations in China.[Result] 75 samples were divided into 25 haplotypes by 28 polymorphic sites.Relatively high nucleotide diversity（π=0.011） and haplotype diversity（Hd=0.794） were detected.The mean value of Nei＇s genetic distance and genetic differentiation index FST among eight populations were 0.056 and 0.222,respectively,the Nei＇s genetic distance ranged from 0.000 to 0.189 and FST ranged from 0.000 to 0.444 between each pair of the eight populations.AMOVA result revealed that 79% and 21% of the total genetic variation was partitioned within and among S.alterniflora populations,respectively.[Conclusion] At the nuclear DNA level,there were a relatively high level of genetic diversity and a relatively low level of genetic differentiation among S.alterniflora populations in China,and the genetic diversity existed mainly within rather than among populations.
