Background The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of different dietary soybean meal(SBM)levels on jejunal immunity in nursery pigs at different days post-weaning.Methods Forty-eight pigs(6.2±0...Background The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of different dietary soybean meal(SBM)levels on jejunal immunity in nursery pigs at different days post-weaning.Methods Forty-eight pigs(6.2±0.3 kg),weaned at 21 days of age,were assigned to 2 dietary treatments(n=12)in a randomized complete block design and fed for 20 or 42 d in 3 phases(10,10,and 22 d,respectively).The dietary treatments consisted of low and high SBM diets.On d 20 and 42,jejunal mucosa and tissue samples were collected.Treatments were arranged in 2×2 factors with dietary SBM levels(low and high SBM diets)and days post-weaning(20 d and 42 d post-weaning).Results Pigs fed high SBM diets had greater(P<0.05)relative abundance(RA)of jejunal Prevotella,tended to have greater(P=0.091)jejunal IgA,had greater(P<0.05)crypt depth,and tended to have lower(P=0.064)villus height to crypt depth ratio(VH:CD)than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning had greater(P<0.05)RA of jejunal Lactobacillus and had greater(P<0.05)jejunal IL-8 and protein carbonyl than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning tended to have greater(P=0.090)jejunal IgG,tended to have lower(P=0.059)jejunal IgA,and had greater(P<0.05)proportion(%)of Ki-67+cells in the jejunal crypt than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Conclusion Pigs fed high SBM diets showed greater RA of Staphylococcus,a greater immune response,and a decreased VH:CD in the jejunum than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning were more susceptible to jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage than pigs at 42 d post-weaning,but the negative impacts of high SBM diets on jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage were consistent compared to low SBM diets at 20 d and 42 d post-weaning.展开更多
Plants encounter dynamic light environments in natural field conditions,and species differ in their physiological and biochemical mechanisms for acclimating to fluctuating light(FL).The manner in which soybean(Glycine...Plants encounter dynamic light environments in natural field conditions,and species differ in their physiological and biochemical mechanisms for acclimating to fluctuating light(FL).The manner in which soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) coordinates multiple physiological adjustments to FL remains poorly understood.This study assessed the effects of FL on soybean morphology and photosynthetic traits by examining changes in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll(Chl) a fluorescence under alternating high-and low-light conditions.Results indicated that soybeans exposed to FL exhibited reduced dry matter accumulation,smaller and thinner leaves,and a lower Chl a/Chl b levels-characteristics typically associated with plants grown under continuous low-light.Despite these morphological similarities,their photosynthetic gas exchange rates and photosynthetic capacity were maintained at levels comparable to those under steady high light,unlike plants grown under constant low-light.Thus,acclimation to FL is distinct from adaptation to sustained low-light conditions.Correlation analyses revealed that the decline in carbon assimilation under FL primarily stemmed from two factors:the slow recovery of stomatal conductance upon transition to high light and the delayed relaxation of nonphotochemical quenching when light intensity decreased.Therefore,the reduction in carbon assimilation under FL cannot be attributed to low-light phase adjustments but rather reflects a lag in photosynthetic responsiveness to changing light conditions.展开更多
Soybean meal(SBM)prepared by soybean crushing is the most popular protein source in the poultry and livestock industries(Cai et al.,2015)due to its economic manufacture,high protein content,and good nutritional value....Soybean meal(SBM)prepared by soybean crushing is the most popular protein source in the poultry and livestock industries(Cai et al.,2015)due to its economic manufacture,high protein content,and good nutritional value.Despite these benefits,SBM contains various antigen proteins such as glycinin andβ-conglycinin,which account for approximately 70%of the total proteins of the SBM and reduce digestibility and damage intestinal function(Peng et al.,2018).展开更多
Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is...Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is intercropped with different soybean varieties.In this study,field experiments were conducted to compare the growth and yield of two soybean(Glycine max)varieties,BD2 and YC03-3,and one maize(Zea mays)variety,Huazhen,in mono-cropped and intercropped cultures.The plant biomass and N content of both crops in BD2/maize intercropping were significantly improved compared to their monoculture,but no such effects were observed in the plants of YC03-3/maize intercropping.The yield of BD2 intercropped with maize exhibited a 37.5%increment above that of BD2 in monoculture.Moreover,19.2-29.1%longer root length of maize and 19.0-39.4%larger root volume of BD2 were observed in BD2/maize intercropping than in monoculture,but no growth advantage was observed in YC03-3/maize intercropping.Maize showed root avoidance when intercropped with BD2,but space competition when intercropped with YC03-3.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that compared with the monoculture system,rhizobacteria community composition in BD2/maize intercropping changed more significantly than that of the YC03-3/maize intercropping system.In BD2/maize intercropping,most of the rhizobacteria community biomarker bacteria of BD2 were positively correlated with plant biomass,as well as plant P and N content.Maize tended to recruit Rhizobiales and Proteobacteria,which showed positive correlation with plant biomass and N content,respectively,as well as soil available N.In conclusion,soybean varieties determined the advantages of maize/soybean intercropping through root-root interactions and modification of rhizobacteria communities.Our insight emphasizes a linkage between root traits and the rhizobacteria community,which shows the importance of optimizing intercropping systems by selection of appropriate crop varieties.展开更多
Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)poses a substantial threat to the yield and quality of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.),leading to significant economic losses in soybean production.However,the mining of SMVresistance loci and t...Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)poses a substantial threat to the yield and quality of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.),leading to significant economic losses in soybean production.However,the mining of SMVresistance loci and the exploration of the underlying disease resistance mechanisms remain relatively limited.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of post-transcriptional regulators that play a pivotal role in modulating plant growth,development and responding to various stresses.In this study,we demonstrated the function of the “miR398c/d-GmCSDs”module between soybean resistant and susceptible varieties,focusing on its differential regulatory roles in SMV infection.Specifically,SMV infection downregulated gma-miR398c/d expression in the resistant variety(Qihuang 1,QH),while upregulated them in the susceptible variety(Nannong 1138-2,NN).Transient expression assay in N.benthamiana confirmed that gma-miR398c/d can target six superoxide dismutase(SOD)family genes,which responded to SMV infection in both varieties.Stable overexpression of Gma-MIR398c/d in soybean or inhibition of the corresponding target genes’expression via Bean pod mottle virus(BPMV)-induced gene silencing(VIGS)led to reduced H_(2)O_(2)content and thereby promoted SMV infection.Conversely,plants overexpressing the target genes exhibited the opposite phenotypes.The functions of gma-miR398c/d and their target genes were further validated in N.benthamiana through transient co-expression with SMV infectious clone(pSC7-GFP),indicating that gma-miR398c/d negatively regulated soybean resistance to SMV,while the target genes positively contributed to disease resistance.Collectively,our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying soybean resistance to SMV.展开更多
To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subseq...To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.展开更多
Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop mor...Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop morphological development and increase yield.Here,a three-year study was performed to verify the feasibility of adjusting row spacing to further enhance yield in densely planted soybeans.Of three row-spacing configurations(40-40,20-40,and 20-60 cm)and two planting densities(normal 180,000 plants ha 1 and high 270,000 plants ha 1).The differences in canopy structure,plant morphological development,photosynthetic capacity and their impact on yield were analyzed.Row spacing configurations have a significant effect on canopy transmittance(CT).The 20-60 cm row spacing configuration increased CT and creates a favorable canopy light environment,in which plant height is reduced,while branching is promoted.This approach reduces plant competition,optimizes the developments of leaf area per plant,specific leaf area,leaf area development rate,leaf area duration and photosynthetic physiological indices(F_(v)/F_(m),ETR,P_(n)).The significant increase of 11.9%-34.2%in canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP)is attributed to the significant optimization of plant growth and photosynthetic physiology through CT,an important contributing factor to yield increases.The yield in the 20-60 cm treatment is 4.0%higher than in equidistant planting under normal planting density,but 5.9%under high density,primarily driven by CAP and pod number.These findings suggest that suitable row spacing configurations optimize the light environment for plants,promote source-sink transformation in soybeans,and further improve yield.In practice,a 20-60 cm row spacing configuration could be employed for high-density soybean planting to achieve a more substantial yield gain.展开更多
Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting soybean growth and development,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irriga...Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting soybean growth and development,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation during the vegetative stages on soybean plants and determine the amount irrigation water can be reduced without affecting the physiological parameters,the crop phenology,and the yield of the soybean crop.The field experiments were conducted during two irrigation crop seasons(2021 and 2022)in Louata,Morocco.The results showed that regulated deficit irrigation regimes during the vegetative stages was combined with high temperatures and low air humidities during the beginning of flowering and the pod filling stage during 2021 in comparison with 2022,especially for 25%CWR(crop water requirements).Regulated deficit irrigation regimes reduced the stomatal conductance by 46%and 52%respectively during the first and second growing seasons by limiting CO_(2) intake for the Calvin cycle.The stomata closure increased the leaf temperature and affected the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus by damaging the chlorophyll pigments and impairment of electron transport chains in chloroplasts.The transition from regulated deficit irrigation to 100%CWR at the beginning of flowering(R1)compensated for the photosynthetic loss,improved the growth and development of soybean plants and enhanced the yield and its components for 50%and 75%CWR.The adaptative mechanism such as the remobilization of the carbon reserved in the stems and leaves(vegetative tissues)to the grains improved the grain yield by 36.7%during 2021 and by 32.2%during 2022 and.This consequently improved the water use efficiency,the water productivity of soybean for 50%and 75%CWR and contributed to water saving with an average of 60 mm per growing season.展开更多
[Objectives]To address the weeding challenges within the corn and soybean strip intercropping field and identify appropriate herbicide types and application methods suitable for the corn and soybean strip intercroppin...[Objectives]To address the weeding challenges within the corn and soybean strip intercropping field and identify appropriate herbicide types and application methods suitable for the corn and soybean strip intercropping fields in Siyang County.[Methods]The trial comprised six herbicide treatments and one blank control,with investigations conducted to assess efficacy,safety,and yield.[Results]Each herbicide treatment effectively controlled weeds,demonstrated high safety,and enhanced the yields of both soybeans and corn.The combined application of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray exhibited superior overall weed control compared to soil sealing alone.At 28 d following stem and leaf spray,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect against weeds in the combined treatment of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray all exceeded 89%.[Conclusions]This study offers technical support for advancing the practice of strip intercropping between corn and soybeans.展开更多
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes one of the most severe viral diseases in soybean ( Glycine max L.) and is known to contain many pathogenically and serologically related isolates. In the present study, the authors...Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes one of the most severe viral diseases in soybean ( Glycine max L.) and is known to contain many pathogenically and serologically related isolates. In the present study, the authors have obtained cDNAs to all cistrons of a Chinese SMV isolate, SMV_ZK, by RT_PCR. By analysing the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the HC_PRO, NIb and CP cistrons, it was found that SMV_ZK was highly homologous to the G2 strain of SMV, thus confirming the existence of G2_like isolates in soybean crop in China. The amplified cDNAs were directly cloned into a bacterial expression vector. With the exception of the P3 cistron, expression of the cDNAs of all other cistrons in bacteria gave rise to polypeptides of expected molecular weight. The expressed viral proteins were subsequently purified by gel elution. The preparation of viral_specific cDNAs and gene products will be useful in future functional study of the SMV genome.展开更多
Leaf-color mutants have proven valuable for studying chlorophyll metabolism,photosynthesis,and yield improvement.In this study,we identified a yellow-leaf(yl)mutant in soybean(Glycine max),characterized by reduced chl...Leaf-color mutants have proven valuable for studying chlorophyll metabolism,photosynthesis,and yield improvement.In this study,we identified a yellow-leaf(yl)mutant in soybean(Glycine max),characterized by reduced chlorophyll accumulation,lower net photosynthesis rate,and fewer grain number per plant than the wild type.To identify genes associated with chlorophyll content,we performed a largescale linkage mapping study using recombinant inbred lines from a cross between the yl mutant and a green-leaf cultivar across three environments.Using quantitative trait locus sequencing(QTL-seq)analysis,we mapped 12 QTL to chromosomes 5,13,15,19,and 20.Of these QTL,one new dominant locus with the largest LOD,named qCC1,was identified consistently and explained 31.73% of the total phenotypic variation on average.Notably,qCC1 was also associated with yield-related traits,including plant height and pod number per plant.Fine-mapping narrowed down qCC1 to an 82.29-kb region.Within this interval,we identified Glyma.15 g087500.1,encoding an ankyrin repeat-containing protein,as the most likely candidate gene,because its homologs are reported to function in thylakoid membrane biogenesis during plastid development.Phenotypic analysis of near-isogenic lines(NILs)revealed that those harboring the qCC1 allele conferring green leaves displayed significantly enhanced chlorophyll content by 136.53%-323.92%,net photosynthesis rate by 11.64%-42.13%,and yield by 111.32% compared with NILs carrying the allele conferring yellow leaves.Comparative transcriptome profiling of NILs coupled with RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that qCC1 up-regulated one differentially expressed gene(DEG)associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and six DEGs related to photosystem,whereas it downregulated one gene involved in chlorophyll degradation.These findings provide valuable insights into the biological function and regulatory mechanism of chlorophyll metabolism and offer guidance for breeding soybean varieties with enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and high yield.展开更多
Soybean is widely used in diets,and numerous reports have highlighted its antioxidant properties.However,constructing a methodology for rapid identifying and predicting a series of antioxidant active ingredients in So...Soybean is widely used in diets,and numerous reports have highlighted its antioxidant properties.However,constructing a methodology for rapid identifying and predicting a series of antioxidant active ingredients in Soybean presents certain challenges.Therefore,we introduced the spectrum-effect relationship-ingredient knockout identification technique to identify a series of antioxidant active ingredients in soybean.By combining untargeted metabolomics with network pharmacology,we predicted the antioxidant active ingredients and their target sites.We successfully identified 4 antioxidant active compounds(daidzein,genistein,daidzein,and glycitin)and 10 corresponding antioxidant targets(epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),estrogen receptor 1(ESR1),steroid receptor coactivator(SRC),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),kinase insert domain receptor(KDR),AKT serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),growth factor receptor bound protein 2(GRB2),signal transducer and activator of transcription1(STAT1),mitogen-activated protein kinase 8(MAPK8),B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL2))by our analysis.The validation results from cell experiments revealed that glycitin exhibited the best antioxidant activity and significantly influenced the expression of EGFR and the proteins associated with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NRF2/NQO1)signaling pathways.These findings were consistent with the predicted outcomes and were further confirmed in a zebrafish model.It suggests that glycitin may exert antioxidant effects by regulating the expression of EGFR,NRF2,and NQO1 proteins.The results demonstrate that a rapid analytical method for determining antioxidant activity was established.展开更多
As one of the world's three major food crops and an important economic and oil crop,soybean plays a crucial role in ensuring food safety.In recent years,there are many problems in soybean cultivation,production an...As one of the world's three major food crops and an important economic and oil crop,soybean plays a crucial role in ensuring food safety.In recent years,there are many problems in soybean cultivation,production and processing.In view of this situation,this paper comprehensively expounded and decomposed the cultivation situation,existing problems,specific countermeasures and conclusions,so as to re-recognize them.This study provides reference materials for the sustainable and healthy development of the soybean industry.展开更多
Soybean(Glycine max)is a vital foundation of global food security,providing a primary source of highquality protein and oil for human consumption and animal feed.The rising global population has significantly increase...Soybean(Glycine max)is a vital foundation of global food security,providing a primary source of highquality protein and oil for human consumption and animal feed.The rising global population has significantly increased the demand for soybeans,emphasizing the urgency of developing high-yield,stresstolerant,and nutritionally superior cultivars.The extensive collection of soybean germplasm resources—including wild relatives,landraces,and cultivars—represents a valuable reservoir of genetic diversity critical for breeding advancements.Recent breakthroughs in genomic technologies,particularly highthroughput sequencing and multi-omics approaches,have revolutionized the identification of key genes associated with essential agronomic traits within these resources.These innovations enable precise and strategic utilization of genetic diversity,empowering breeders to integrate traits that improve yield potential,resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses,and nutritional quality.This review highlights the critical role of genetic resources and omics-driven innovations in soybean breeding.It also offers insights into strategies for accelerating the development of elite soybean cultivars to meet the growing demands of global soybean production.展开更多
The exogenous plant growth regulator,diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6),in combination with suitable varieties and planting densities,is important to increase yield in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system.To i...The exogenous plant growth regulator,diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6),in combination with suitable varieties and planting densities,is important to increase yield in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system.To identify the role of DA-6 in mitigating high-density stress and increasing yield,we conducted a two-year field experiment examining changes in branching architecture and other yield traits of soybeans in maize-soybean strip intercropping systems.In the planting system,two soybean cultivars(ND:Nandou 25 and QH:Qihuang 34)were grown under three planting densities(D1:102,000 plants ha^(-1),D2:130,000 plants ha^(-1),D3:158,000 plants ha^(-1))with DA-6 treatments(DA0:water control;DA60:60 mg L^(-1);DA100:100 mg L^(-1)).Applying DA-6 at 60 mg L^(-1)at the fourth trifoliolate leaf stage increased soybean yield,with QH yield rising by 22.4% and 29.5% at D3 density,and ND yield by 29.5% and 30.0% at D2 density in 2022 and 2023,respectively,compared with D1 under DA0.DA-6improved photosynthesis in both varieties under D2 density,with DA60 increasing ND canopy photosynthetic rate by 15.1%-16.4% and QG by 9.1%-20.6% over two years.In ND,DA-6 enhanced branching,raising the leaf area index by 37%,branch number from 3.6 to 4.7 per plant,and total pod number by 19.7%.In QH,yield grains were mainly due to a 17% increase in the number of stem pods and a 6.5% improvement in hundred-grain weight.In the maize-soybean strip intercropping system,QH achieved a high yield by forming a high-density(D2 to D3)main stem pod,and ND by combining moderate density(D1 to D2)with DA-6-induced branching.展开更多
As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorpor...As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorporating Pickering particles within the inner aqueous phase(W_(1))has emerged as an effective approach to enhance DEs stability.However,the interfacial interactions between Pickering particles in W_(1) and lecithin in oil phase and their effects on the physical,delivery and digestion properties of DEs remain to be explored.In this study,a natural Pickering DEs encapsulating blueberry anthocyanins(ANCs)was developed using lecithin and gliadinbased particles,with gliadin colloid particles(GCPs)introduced into W_(1).The effects of GCP concentration in W_(1) on emulsion droplet size,microstructure,W_(1)/O interfacial rheology,in vitro digestion,and ANCs delivery performance were systematically investigated.Results showed that GCPs in W_(1) accelerated the decreasing of W_(1)/O interfacial tension,indicating that,beyond competitive adsorption,combination between the two might also occur at the interface,which could accelerate the interfacial adsorption of lecithin.GCPs significantly improved the strength of the W_(1)/O interface,thus improving ANCs encapsulation efficiency from 49.66%to 70.60%.Moreover,the droplet size of DEs decreased from 38.94μm to 24.09μm as GCPs concentration increased,indicating that some GCPs might transfer to the outer aqueous phase through phase exchange,acting as hydrophilic emulsifiers.GCPs in W_(1) can modulate ANCs in vitro release,enhancing ANCs'bioaccessibility(31.10%)and antioxidant capacity.展开更多
Soybean(Glycine max)is a globally important crop that serves as a primary source of edible oil and protein for both humans and animals.Cultivated soybean varieties exhibit considerable genetic diversity depending on t...Soybean(Glycine max)is a globally important crop that serves as a primary source of edible oil and protein for both humans and animals.Cultivated soybean varieties exhibit considerable genetic diversity depending on their geographical origin.Heinong 531(HN531)is an elite cultivar that was released in China in June 2021 with 22.34%seed oil,high resistance to soybean cyst nematode(SCN)race 3,and enhanced yield.However,the genetic basis for these desirable agronomic traits is unclear.In this study,we generated a high-quality genome assembly for HN531 and used it to systematically analyze genes related to agronomic traits such as resistance to SCN.The assembled genome spans 981.20 Mb,featuring a contig N50 of 19.47 Mb,and contains 58,151 predicted gene models.Pan-genomic comparison with 27 previously reported soybean genomes revealed 95,071 structural variants(SVs)of>50 bp,of which 602 were HN531-specific.Furthermore,we identified a copy number variation at rhg1 that underlies resistance to SCN,and we found elite alleles of functional genes underlying important agronomic traits such as seed oil content,adaptability,and yield.This high-quality HN531 genome can be used to explore the genetic basis for the excellent agronomic traits of this cultivar,and is a valuable resource for breeders aiming to improve HN531 and related cultivars.展开更多
This study evaluated agro-morphological traits,grain quality traits,and phenotypic stability of nine soybean genotypes across four environments over two growing seasons(2022–2023).Traits such as days to flowering,day...This study evaluated agro-morphological traits,grain quality traits,and phenotypic stability of nine soybean genotypes across four environments over two growing seasons(2022–2023).Traits such as days to flowering,days to maturity,and disease symptoms were monitored throughout the season.At maturity,parameters including grain yield,grain oil and protein content,1000-seed weight,test weight,scores of lodgings,shattering,plant height,and first pod height were evaluated.In addition,18 morphological traits were scored,of which eight were sufficiently variable for further analysis.In terms of environmental stability,genotypes 2 and 13 excelled,while genotypes 12 and 14 consistently yielded the maximum grain production regardless of season or location.Through the application of PCA,we observed significant genotypic variance along with distinct clustering patterns based on year and location,with overall higher yields observed in the 2023 season.The 2022 season was marked by uneven rainfall that contributed to greater disease pressure.Grain yield exhibited a positive association with test weight and the timing of flowering/maturity,whereas lodging demonstrated a weak yet positive correlation.Although the lodging ratings were generally modest,there seems to be an indirect association between genotypes with somewhat higher scores and enhanced grain yield.Among morphological traits,the intensity of green leaf color and leaf blistering had the strongest influence on grain yield.This study shed information on key distinctions in characteristics and how they relate to grain yield,which could lead to future improvements in output.Some genotypes demonstrated both high yield potential and stability,which are essential for developing cultivars suitable for diverse environments.展开更多
In plants,numerous non-Mendelian inherited dominant effects,including over-,incomplete-,and codominance,are frequently observed,yet they remain insufficiently understood.A novel phenotype has been identified in specif...In plants,numerous non-Mendelian inherited dominant effects,including over-,incomplete-,and codominance,are frequently observed,yet they remain insufficiently understood.A novel phenotype has been identified in specific soybean transformants overexpressing a single 35S::GmFT2a copy:superearly flowering dominance is exclusively observed in hemizygotes,not in homozygotes.Homozygous individual exhibits si RNA-mediated DNA methylation,causing epigenetic transcriptional silencing,whereas no such effect occurs in hemizygotes.Intriguingly,two distinct rounds of DNA methylation establishment occur,each mediated by a different mechanism.The homozygotes that derived from the hemizygous mother plants carrying 35S::GmFT2a locus was associated with the initiation of CHHcontext DNA methylation at 35S promoters mediated by 21 and 22 nucleotide(nt)si RNAs.Subsequently,24 nt si RNAs contribute to additional CHG-and CG-context DNA methylation at 35S promoters during the homozygosity of genes in plants already homozygous in maternal lineage.Reducing DNA methylation levels can be achieved by generating a hemizygous genotype through a crossing experiment with a recessive genotype.This research has unveiled a phenomenon:hemizygote-dependent dominance resulting from transcriptional silencing in homozygote offsprings.It provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying dominant effects.展开更多
Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)is a worldwide disease significantly decreasing soybean yield and seed quality.In this study,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)for SMV-SC3 resistance was conducted by using a deep re-sequen...Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)is a worldwide disease significantly decreasing soybean yield and seed quality.In this study,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)for SMV-SC3 resistance was conducted by using a deep re-sequencing dataset of 547 soybean accessions.A total of 11,405 SNPs and 1566 InDels were significantly associated with disease index(DI)at seedling stage and eight yield-and seed quality-related traits to SC3 resistance under eight environments.Among these genetic loci,952 SNPs and 118 InDels were firstly identified to control SC3 resistance,and 52.42% and 42.37% of them were pleiotropic loci across multiple environments.Notably,the 8.47-8.89 Mb genomic region on chromosome 18 was firstly discovvered to associate with DI at seedling stage and four related traits at adult stage across multiple environments.Furthermore,the causal gene Gm18GRSC3 was identified and validated in this stable and pleiotropic locus for resistance to SC3 via positive and negative transgenic strategies.Overexpression of Gm18GRSC3 significantly decreased the accumulation of SC3 in transgenic soybean hairy roots,while silencing of Gm18GRSC3 significantly increased SC3 accumulation in soybean leaves.A functional marker,FM18GSC3,was developed based on the allelic variation of Gm18GRSC3,and the detection efficiency reached to 76% in another 100 soybean accessions.These findings provide valuable genetic loci and a functional gene for the improvement of SMV resistance in soybean.展开更多
文摘Background The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of different dietary soybean meal(SBM)levels on jejunal immunity in nursery pigs at different days post-weaning.Methods Forty-eight pigs(6.2±0.3 kg),weaned at 21 days of age,were assigned to 2 dietary treatments(n=12)in a randomized complete block design and fed for 20 or 42 d in 3 phases(10,10,and 22 d,respectively).The dietary treatments consisted of low and high SBM diets.On d 20 and 42,jejunal mucosa and tissue samples were collected.Treatments were arranged in 2×2 factors with dietary SBM levels(low and high SBM diets)and days post-weaning(20 d and 42 d post-weaning).Results Pigs fed high SBM diets had greater(P<0.05)relative abundance(RA)of jejunal Prevotella,tended to have greater(P=0.091)jejunal IgA,had greater(P<0.05)crypt depth,and tended to have lower(P=0.064)villus height to crypt depth ratio(VH:CD)than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning had greater(P<0.05)RA of jejunal Lactobacillus and had greater(P<0.05)jejunal IL-8 and protein carbonyl than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning tended to have greater(P=0.090)jejunal IgG,tended to have lower(P=0.059)jejunal IgA,and had greater(P<0.05)proportion(%)of Ki-67+cells in the jejunal crypt than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Conclusion Pigs fed high SBM diets showed greater RA of Staphylococcus,a greater immune response,and a decreased VH:CD in the jejunum than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning were more susceptible to jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage than pigs at 42 d post-weaning,but the negative impacts of high SBM diets on jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage were consistent compared to low SBM diets at 20 d and 42 d post-weaning.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFF1001504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071963)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2300902)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program of China (GuikeAB23026107)the Chengdu Science and Technology Project,China (2023-YF08-00003-SN)。
文摘Plants encounter dynamic light environments in natural field conditions,and species differ in their physiological and biochemical mechanisms for acclimating to fluctuating light(FL).The manner in which soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) coordinates multiple physiological adjustments to FL remains poorly understood.This study assessed the effects of FL on soybean morphology and photosynthetic traits by examining changes in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll(Chl) a fluorescence under alternating high-and low-light conditions.Results indicated that soybeans exposed to FL exhibited reduced dry matter accumulation,smaller and thinner leaves,and a lower Chl a/Chl b levels-characteristics typically associated with plants grown under continuous low-light.Despite these morphological similarities,their photosynthetic gas exchange rates and photosynthetic capacity were maintained at levels comparable to those under steady high light,unlike plants grown under constant low-light.Thus,acclimation to FL is distinct from adaptation to sustained low-light conditions.Correlation analyses revealed that the decline in carbon assimilation under FL primarily stemmed from two factors:the slow recovery of stomatal conductance upon transition to high light and the delayed relaxation of nonphotochemical quenching when light intensity decreased.Therefore,the reduction in carbon assimilation under FL cannot be attributed to low-light phase adjustments but rather reflects a lag in photosynthetic responsiveness to changing light conditions.
基金supported by the Ten-thousand Talents Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2022R52021)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C04016)the Pioneer and Leading Goose R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2022C04020),China.
文摘Soybean meal(SBM)prepared by soybean crushing is the most popular protein source in the poultry and livestock industries(Cai et al.,2015)due to its economic manufacture,high protein content,and good nutritional value.Despite these benefits,SBM contains various antigen proteins such as glycinin andβ-conglycinin,which account for approximately 70%of the total proteins of the SBM and reduce digestibility and damage intestinal function(Peng et al.,2018).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000504 and 2023YFD1901300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172658,32172659 and 32302662)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2021A1515010826).
文摘Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is intercropped with different soybean varieties.In this study,field experiments were conducted to compare the growth and yield of two soybean(Glycine max)varieties,BD2 and YC03-3,and one maize(Zea mays)variety,Huazhen,in mono-cropped and intercropped cultures.The plant biomass and N content of both crops in BD2/maize intercropping were significantly improved compared to their monoculture,but no such effects were observed in the plants of YC03-3/maize intercropping.The yield of BD2 intercropped with maize exhibited a 37.5%increment above that of BD2 in monoculture.Moreover,19.2-29.1%longer root length of maize and 19.0-39.4%larger root volume of BD2 were observed in BD2/maize intercropping than in monoculture,but no growth advantage was observed in YC03-3/maize intercropping.Maize showed root avoidance when intercropped with BD2,but space competition when intercropped with YC03-3.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that compared with the monoculture system,rhizobacteria community composition in BD2/maize intercropping changed more significantly than that of the YC03-3/maize intercropping system.In BD2/maize intercropping,most of the rhizobacteria community biomarker bacteria of BD2 were positively correlated with plant biomass,as well as plant P and N content.Maize tended to recruit Rhizobiales and Proteobacteria,which showed positive correlation with plant biomass and N content,respectively,as well as soil available N.In conclusion,soybean varieties determined the advantages of maize/soybean intercropping through root-root interactions and modification of rhizobacteria communities.Our insight emphasizes a linkage between root traits and the rhizobacteria community,which shows the importance of optimizing intercropping systems by selection of appropriate crop varieties.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1001502)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP)Major Projects of Technological Innovation 2030(2023ZD04037).
文摘Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)poses a substantial threat to the yield and quality of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.),leading to significant economic losses in soybean production.However,the mining of SMVresistance loci and the exploration of the underlying disease resistance mechanisms remain relatively limited.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of post-transcriptional regulators that play a pivotal role in modulating plant growth,development and responding to various stresses.In this study,we demonstrated the function of the “miR398c/d-GmCSDs”module between soybean resistant and susceptible varieties,focusing on its differential regulatory roles in SMV infection.Specifically,SMV infection downregulated gma-miR398c/d expression in the resistant variety(Qihuang 1,QH),while upregulated them in the susceptible variety(Nannong 1138-2,NN).Transient expression assay in N.benthamiana confirmed that gma-miR398c/d can target six superoxide dismutase(SOD)family genes,which responded to SMV infection in both varieties.Stable overexpression of Gma-MIR398c/d in soybean or inhibition of the corresponding target genes’expression via Bean pod mottle virus(BPMV)-induced gene silencing(VIGS)led to reduced H_(2)O_(2)content and thereby promoted SMV infection.Conversely,plants overexpressing the target genes exhibited the opposite phenotypes.The functions of gma-miR398c/d and their target genes were further validated in N.benthamiana through transient co-expression with SMV infectious clone(pSC7-GFP),indicating that gma-miR398c/d negatively regulated soybean resistance to SMV,while the target genes positively contributed to disease resistance.Collectively,our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying soybean resistance to SMV.
文摘To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0403305)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101845)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0105000)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04).
文摘Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop morphological development and increase yield.Here,a three-year study was performed to verify the feasibility of adjusting row spacing to further enhance yield in densely planted soybeans.Of three row-spacing configurations(40-40,20-40,and 20-60 cm)and two planting densities(normal 180,000 plants ha 1 and high 270,000 plants ha 1).The differences in canopy structure,plant morphological development,photosynthetic capacity and their impact on yield were analyzed.Row spacing configurations have a significant effect on canopy transmittance(CT).The 20-60 cm row spacing configuration increased CT and creates a favorable canopy light environment,in which plant height is reduced,while branching is promoted.This approach reduces plant competition,optimizes the developments of leaf area per plant,specific leaf area,leaf area development rate,leaf area duration and photosynthetic physiological indices(F_(v)/F_(m),ETR,P_(n)).The significant increase of 11.9%-34.2%in canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP)is attributed to the significant optimization of plant growth and photosynthetic physiology through CT,an important contributing factor to yield increases.The yield in the 20-60 cm treatment is 4.0%higher than in equidistant planting under normal planting density,but 5.9%under high density,primarily driven by CAP and pod number.These findings suggest that suitable row spacing configurations optimize the light environment for plants,promote source-sink transformation in soybeans,and further improve yield.In practice,a 20-60 cm row spacing configuration could be employed for high-density soybean planting to achieve a more substantial yield gain.
基金financially supported by Domaine Louata of Providence Verte Company,Agricultural Training and Research Center.
文摘Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting soybean growth and development,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation during the vegetative stages on soybean plants and determine the amount irrigation water can be reduced without affecting the physiological parameters,the crop phenology,and the yield of the soybean crop.The field experiments were conducted during two irrigation crop seasons(2021 and 2022)in Louata,Morocco.The results showed that regulated deficit irrigation regimes during the vegetative stages was combined with high temperatures and low air humidities during the beginning of flowering and the pod filling stage during 2021 in comparison with 2022,especially for 25%CWR(crop water requirements).Regulated deficit irrigation regimes reduced the stomatal conductance by 46%and 52%respectively during the first and second growing seasons by limiting CO_(2) intake for the Calvin cycle.The stomata closure increased the leaf temperature and affected the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus by damaging the chlorophyll pigments and impairment of electron transport chains in chloroplasts.The transition from regulated deficit irrigation to 100%CWR at the beginning of flowering(R1)compensated for the photosynthetic loss,improved the growth and development of soybean plants and enhanced the yield and its components for 50%and 75%CWR.The adaptative mechanism such as the remobilization of the carbon reserved in the stems and leaves(vegetative tissues)to the grains improved the grain yield by 36.7%during 2021 and by 32.2%during 2022 and.This consequently improved the water use efficiency,the water productivity of soybean for 50%and 75%CWR and contributed to water saving with an average of 60 mm per growing season.
文摘[Objectives]To address the weeding challenges within the corn and soybean strip intercropping field and identify appropriate herbicide types and application methods suitable for the corn and soybean strip intercropping fields in Siyang County.[Methods]The trial comprised six herbicide treatments and one blank control,with investigations conducted to assess efficacy,safety,and yield.[Results]Each herbicide treatment effectively controlled weeds,demonstrated high safety,and enhanced the yields of both soybeans and corn.The combined application of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray exhibited superior overall weed control compared to soil sealing alone.At 28 d following stem and leaf spray,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect against weeds in the combined treatment of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray all exceeded 89%.[Conclusions]This study offers technical support for advancing the practice of strip intercropping between corn and soybeans.
文摘Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes one of the most severe viral diseases in soybean ( Glycine max L.) and is known to contain many pathogenically and serologically related isolates. In the present study, the authors have obtained cDNAs to all cistrons of a Chinese SMV isolate, SMV_ZK, by RT_PCR. By analysing the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the HC_PRO, NIb and CP cistrons, it was found that SMV_ZK was highly homologous to the G2 strain of SMV, thus confirming the existence of G2_like isolates in soybean crop in China. The amplified cDNAs were directly cloned into a bacterial expression vector. With the exception of the P3 cistron, expression of the cDNAs of all other cistrons in bacteria gave rise to polypeptides of expected molecular weight. The expressed viral proteins were subsequently purified by gel elution. The preparation of viral_specific cDNAs and gene products will be useful in future functional study of the SMV genome.
基金supported by the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(SS2023C002)。
文摘Leaf-color mutants have proven valuable for studying chlorophyll metabolism,photosynthesis,and yield improvement.In this study,we identified a yellow-leaf(yl)mutant in soybean(Glycine max),characterized by reduced chlorophyll accumulation,lower net photosynthesis rate,and fewer grain number per plant than the wild type.To identify genes associated with chlorophyll content,we performed a largescale linkage mapping study using recombinant inbred lines from a cross between the yl mutant and a green-leaf cultivar across three environments.Using quantitative trait locus sequencing(QTL-seq)analysis,we mapped 12 QTL to chromosomes 5,13,15,19,and 20.Of these QTL,one new dominant locus with the largest LOD,named qCC1,was identified consistently and explained 31.73% of the total phenotypic variation on average.Notably,qCC1 was also associated with yield-related traits,including plant height and pod number per plant.Fine-mapping narrowed down qCC1 to an 82.29-kb region.Within this interval,we identified Glyma.15 g087500.1,encoding an ankyrin repeat-containing protein,as the most likely candidate gene,because its homologs are reported to function in thylakoid membrane biogenesis during plastid development.Phenotypic analysis of near-isogenic lines(NILs)revealed that those harboring the qCC1 allele conferring green leaves displayed significantly enhanced chlorophyll content by 136.53%-323.92%,net photosynthesis rate by 11.64%-42.13%,and yield by 111.32% compared with NILs carrying the allele conferring yellow leaves.Comparative transcriptome profiling of NILs coupled with RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that qCC1 up-regulated one differentially expressed gene(DEG)associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and six DEGs related to photosystem,whereas it downregulated one gene involved in chlorophyll degradation.These findings provide valuable insights into the biological function and regulatory mechanism of chlorophyll metabolism and offer guidance for breeding soybean varieties with enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and high yield.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100300)Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(235200810051)+1 种基金Key Project in Science and Technology Agency of Henan Province(242102310561)key research projects of higher education institutions in Henan Province(24B350002).
文摘Soybean is widely used in diets,and numerous reports have highlighted its antioxidant properties.However,constructing a methodology for rapid identifying and predicting a series of antioxidant active ingredients in Soybean presents certain challenges.Therefore,we introduced the spectrum-effect relationship-ingredient knockout identification technique to identify a series of antioxidant active ingredients in soybean.By combining untargeted metabolomics with network pharmacology,we predicted the antioxidant active ingredients and their target sites.We successfully identified 4 antioxidant active compounds(daidzein,genistein,daidzein,and glycitin)and 10 corresponding antioxidant targets(epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),estrogen receptor 1(ESR1),steroid receptor coactivator(SRC),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),kinase insert domain receptor(KDR),AKT serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),growth factor receptor bound protein 2(GRB2),signal transducer and activator of transcription1(STAT1),mitogen-activated protein kinase 8(MAPK8),B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL2))by our analysis.The validation results from cell experiments revealed that glycitin exhibited the best antioxidant activity and significantly influenced the expression of EGFR and the proteins associated with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NRF2/NQO1)signaling pathways.These findings were consistent with the predicted outcomes and were further confirmed in a zebrafish model.It suggests that glycitin may exert antioxidant effects by regulating the expression of EGFR,NRF2,and NQO1 proteins.The results demonstrate that a rapid analytical method for determining antioxidant activity was established.
基金Supported by Special Fund for National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction(CARS-04-CES16).
文摘As one of the world's three major food crops and an important economic and oil crop,soybean plays a crucial role in ensuring food safety.In recent years,there are many problems in soybean cultivation,production and processing.In view of this situation,this paper comprehensively expounded and decomposed the cultivation situation,existing problems,specific countermeasures and conclusions,so as to re-recognize them.This study provides reference materials for the sustainable and healthy development of the soybean industry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003301,2023YFF1000101,2022YFE0130200)the Taishan Scholars Program。
文摘Soybean(Glycine max)is a vital foundation of global food security,providing a primary source of highquality protein and oil for human consumption and animal feed.The rising global population has significantly increased the demand for soybeans,emphasizing the urgency of developing high-yield,stresstolerant,and nutritionally superior cultivars.The extensive collection of soybean germplasm resources—including wild relatives,landraces,and cultivars—represents a valuable reservoir of genetic diversity critical for breeding advancements.Recent breakthroughs in genomic technologies,particularly highthroughput sequencing and multi-omics approaches,have revolutionized the identification of key genes associated with essential agronomic traits within these resources.These innovations enable precise and strategic utilization of genetic diversity,empowering breeders to integrate traits that improve yield potential,resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses,and nutritional quality.This review highlights the critical role of genetic resources and omics-driven innovations in soybean breeding.It also offers insights into strategies for accelerating the development of elite soybean cultivars to meet the growing demands of global soybean production.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04-PS21)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300401)a recipient of a joint Ph.D.scholarship supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)(202306910067)。
文摘The exogenous plant growth regulator,diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6),in combination with suitable varieties and planting densities,is important to increase yield in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system.To identify the role of DA-6 in mitigating high-density stress and increasing yield,we conducted a two-year field experiment examining changes in branching architecture and other yield traits of soybeans in maize-soybean strip intercropping systems.In the planting system,two soybean cultivars(ND:Nandou 25 and QH:Qihuang 34)were grown under three planting densities(D1:102,000 plants ha^(-1),D2:130,000 plants ha^(-1),D3:158,000 plants ha^(-1))with DA-6 treatments(DA0:water control;DA60:60 mg L^(-1);DA100:100 mg L^(-1)).Applying DA-6 at 60 mg L^(-1)at the fourth trifoliolate leaf stage increased soybean yield,with QH yield rising by 22.4% and 29.5% at D3 density,and ND yield by 29.5% and 30.0% at D2 density in 2022 and 2023,respectively,compared with D1 under DA0.DA-6improved photosynthesis in both varieties under D2 density,with DA60 increasing ND canopy photosynthetic rate by 15.1%-16.4% and QG by 9.1%-20.6% over two years.In ND,DA-6 enhanced branching,raising the leaf area index by 37%,branch number from 3.6 to 4.7 per plant,and total pod number by 19.7%.In QH,yield grains were mainly due to a 17% increase in the number of stem pods and a 6.5% improvement in hundred-grain weight.In the maize-soybean strip intercropping system,QH achieved a high yield by forming a high-density(D2 to D3)main stem pod,and ND by combining moderate density(D1 to D2)with DA-6-induced branching.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202235)。
文摘As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorporating Pickering particles within the inner aqueous phase(W_(1))has emerged as an effective approach to enhance DEs stability.However,the interfacial interactions between Pickering particles in W_(1) and lecithin in oil phase and their effects on the physical,delivery and digestion properties of DEs remain to be explored.In this study,a natural Pickering DEs encapsulating blueberry anthocyanins(ANCs)was developed using lecithin and gliadinbased particles,with gliadin colloid particles(GCPs)introduced into W_(1).The effects of GCP concentration in W_(1) on emulsion droplet size,microstructure,W_(1)/O interfacial rheology,in vitro digestion,and ANCs delivery performance were systematically investigated.Results showed that GCPs in W_(1) accelerated the decreasing of W_(1)/O interfacial tension,indicating that,beyond competitive adsorption,combination between the two might also occur at the interface,which could accelerate the interfacial adsorption of lecithin.GCPs significantly improved the strength of the W_(1)/O interface,thus improving ANCs encapsulation efficiency from 49.66%to 70.60%.Moreover,the droplet size of DEs decreased from 38.94μm to 24.09μm as GCPs concentration increased,indicating that some GCPs might transfer to the outer aqueous phase through phase exchange,acting as hydrophilic emulsifiers.GCPs in W_(1) can modulate ANCs in vitro release,enhancing ANCs'bioaccessibility(31.10%)and antioxidant capacity.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201759,32172002)Inner Mongolia Innovation Center of Biological Breeding Technology,National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1201600)+1 种基金Earmarked Fund for CARS(CARS-04-PS01)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP).
文摘Soybean(Glycine max)is a globally important crop that serves as a primary source of edible oil and protein for both humans and animals.Cultivated soybean varieties exhibit considerable genetic diversity depending on their geographical origin.Heinong 531(HN531)is an elite cultivar that was released in China in June 2021 with 22.34%seed oil,high resistance to soybean cyst nematode(SCN)race 3,and enhanced yield.However,the genetic basis for these desirable agronomic traits is unclear.In this study,we generated a high-quality genome assembly for HN531 and used it to systematically analyze genes related to agronomic traits such as resistance to SCN.The assembled genome spans 981.20 Mb,featuring a contig N50 of 19.47 Mb,and contains 58,151 predicted gene models.Pan-genomic comparison with 27 previously reported soybean genomes revealed 95,071 structural variants(SVs)of>50 bp,of which 602 were HN531-specific.Furthermore,we identified a copy number variation at rhg1 that underlies resistance to SCN,and we found elite alleles of functional genes underlying important agronomic traits such as seed oil content,adaptability,and yield.This high-quality HN531 genome can be used to explore the genetic basis for the excellent agronomic traits of this cultivar,and is a valuable resource for breeders aiming to improve HN531 and related cultivars.
基金This research was funded by the Ministry of Agriculture.
文摘This study evaluated agro-morphological traits,grain quality traits,and phenotypic stability of nine soybean genotypes across four environments over two growing seasons(2022–2023).Traits such as days to flowering,days to maturity,and disease symptoms were monitored throughout the season.At maturity,parameters including grain yield,grain oil and protein content,1000-seed weight,test weight,scores of lodgings,shattering,plant height,and first pod height were evaluated.In addition,18 morphological traits were scored,of which eight were sufficiently variable for further analysis.In terms of environmental stability,genotypes 2 and 13 excelled,while genotypes 12 and 14 consistently yielded the maximum grain production regardless of season or location.Through the application of PCA,we observed significant genotypic variance along with distinct clustering patterns based on year and location,with overall higher yields observed in the 2023 season.The 2022 season was marked by uneven rainfall that contributed to greater disease pressure.Grain yield exhibited a positive association with test weight and the timing of flowering/maturity,whereas lodging demonstrated a weak yet positive correlation.Although the lodging ratings were generally modest,there seems to be an indirect association between genotypes with somewhat higher scores and enhanced grain yield.Among morphological traits,the intensity of green leaf color and leaf blistering had the strongest influence on grain yield.This study shed information on key distinctions in characteristics and how they relate to grain yield,which could lead to future improvements in output.Some genotypes demonstrated both high yield potential and stability,which are essential for developing cultivars suitable for diverse environments.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD120300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201869)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04)。
文摘In plants,numerous non-Mendelian inherited dominant effects,including over-,incomplete-,and codominance,are frequently observed,yet they remain insufficiently understood.A novel phenotype has been identified in specific soybean transformants overexpressing a single 35S::GmFT2a copy:superearly flowering dominance is exclusively observed in hemizygotes,not in homozygotes.Homozygous individual exhibits si RNA-mediated DNA methylation,causing epigenetic transcriptional silencing,whereas no such effect occurs in hemizygotes.Intriguingly,two distinct rounds of DNA methylation establishment occur,each mediated by a different mechanism.The homozygotes that derived from the hemizygous mother plants carrying 35S::GmFT2a locus was associated with the initiation of CHHcontext DNA methylation at 35S promoters mediated by 21 and 22 nucleotide(nt)si RNAs.Subsequently,24 nt si RNAs contribute to additional CHG-and CG-context DNA methylation at 35S promoters during the homozygosity of genes in plants already homozygous in maternal lineage.Reducing DNA methylation levels can be achieved by generating a hemizygous genotype through a crossing experiment with a recessive genotype.This research has unveiled a phenomenon:hemizygote-dependent dominance resulting from transcriptional silencing in homozygote offsprings.It provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying dominant effects.
基金supported by the Project of Hebei Province Science and Technology Support Program(17927670H)the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Soybean Modern Seed Industry in Hebei(21326313D)。
文摘Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)is a worldwide disease significantly decreasing soybean yield and seed quality.In this study,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)for SMV-SC3 resistance was conducted by using a deep re-sequencing dataset of 547 soybean accessions.A total of 11,405 SNPs and 1566 InDels were significantly associated with disease index(DI)at seedling stage and eight yield-and seed quality-related traits to SC3 resistance under eight environments.Among these genetic loci,952 SNPs and 118 InDels were firstly identified to control SC3 resistance,and 52.42% and 42.37% of them were pleiotropic loci across multiple environments.Notably,the 8.47-8.89 Mb genomic region on chromosome 18 was firstly discovvered to associate with DI at seedling stage and four related traits at adult stage across multiple environments.Furthermore,the causal gene Gm18GRSC3 was identified and validated in this stable and pleiotropic locus for resistance to SC3 via positive and negative transgenic strategies.Overexpression of Gm18GRSC3 significantly decreased the accumulation of SC3 in transgenic soybean hairy roots,while silencing of Gm18GRSC3 significantly increased SC3 accumulation in soybean leaves.A functional marker,FM18GSC3,was developed based on the allelic variation of Gm18GRSC3,and the detection efficiency reached to 76% in another 100 soybean accessions.These findings provide valuable genetic loci and a functional gene for the improvement of SMV resistance in soybean.
