As a pivotal global oil crop,soybean production plays a vital role in ensuring food security and promoting sustainable development.The processes of flowering and pod drop are critical determinants of soybean yield,thu...As a pivotal global oil crop,soybean production plays a vital role in ensuring food security and promoting sustainable development.The processes of flowering and pod drop are critical determinants of soybean yield,thus,effective regulation of flowering is essential for achieving both high and stable yields.The differentiation of flower buds marks a crucial stage in the flowering process,governed by a complex interplay of environmental and endogenous pathways,including photoperiodic,vernalization,autonomous,gibberellin,and age pathways.These pathways converge to integrate flowering signals,subsequently activating downstream floral meristem identity genes that orchestrate the formation of floral primordia.Sucrose,the primary sugar transport form in soybeans,serves not only as a fundamental component of carbon metabolism but also as a significant signaling molecule.Through the age pathway,sucrose harmonizes various flowering-related genes,thereby influencing the timing of soybean flowering.Gibberellin,an essential hormone for plant growth and development,modulates flowering through the gibberellin pathway,with DELLA proteins acting as key regulators in the signal transduction cascade.The synergistic interaction between sucrose and gibberellin on gene expression occurs via distinct signaling pathways,collectively orchestrating flower bud differentiation.A thorough exploration of the molecular mechanisms by which sugars and hormones regulate flowering is anticipated to yield valuable insights and guidance for enhancing field crop production.展开更多
Flavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants,playing vital roles in diverse biological processes.Although the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway has been extensively characterized,the transcri...Flavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants,playing vital roles in diverse biological processes.Although the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway has been extensively characterized,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module comprising the miR166 and its target gene ATHB14-LIKE as a key regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in soybean(Glycine max).Knockdown of miR166 or overexpression of ATHB14-LIKE upregulated multiple flavonoid biosynthesis genes,leading to increased flavonoid accumulation.Conversely,miR166 overexpression suppressed these genes and reduced flavonoid levels.We further show that ATHB14-LIKE directly activates specific flavonoid biosynthesis genes by binding to their promoters.Additionally,ATHB14-LIKE forms homodimers and heterodimers with homologous proteins to regulate downstream flavonoid biosynthesis genes.Together,our findings demonstrate that the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module controls soybean flavonoid content by coordinating the expression of key biosynthetic genes.展开更多
Soybean(Glycine max L.)is a globally vital crop for oil production and food security.High-quality genomic resources are instrumental for both functional genomics and breeding.Here,we report a near-complete,high-qualit...Soybean(Glycine max L.)is a globally vital crop for oil production and food security.High-quality genomic resources are instrumental for both functional genomics and breeding.Here,we report a near-complete,high-quality genome assembly of the elite cultivar Tianlong 1(TL1),featuring fully resolved telomeres and centromeres,as well as a gap-free assembly of 14 of its 20 chromosomes.On the basis of the genome assembly,we generate an ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)-mutagenized population comprising 2555 M7 plants.Whole-genome resequencing of 288 EMS mutants uncovers 1,163,869 high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and 542,709 insertions/deletions(InDels),achieving 91.89%coverage of predicted protein-coding genes.Phenotypic screening demonstrates robust genotype–phenotype associations,with two nonsynonymous mutants displaying pronounced defects in seed and leaf development.Collectively,the chromosome-scale TL1 genome assembly and the extensively characterized mutant population establish valuable resources for functional genomics and precision breeding in soybean and related legume species.展开更多
Rhizobial inoculation in soybean is an effective strategy in sustainable agriculture to reduce chemical fertilizer application and to increase crop production.It not only provides nitrogen sources for host plants but ...Rhizobial inoculation in soybean is an effective strategy in sustainable agriculture to reduce chemical fertilizer application and to increase crop production.It not only provides nitrogen sources for host plants but also improves the rhizosphere soil environment.However,the inoculation efficiency of rhizobia remains to be improved.In this study,we investigated the nodulation efficiency of Bradyrhizobium and Sinorhizobium strains under different soil conditions and evaluated their impacts on the rhizocompartment bacterial community.We found that inoculation with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens UASD 110 increased the number of soybean nodules in acidic soil,while Sinorhizobium fredii CCBAU 45436 was more effective in alkaline soil.However,inoculation with neither strain significantly affected nodulation in neutral soil.Then,we demonstrated that UASD 110 was more competitive in nodulation than CCBAU 45436,which was related to its higher abundance in the rhizosphere.Furthermore,we showed that while single inoculation with UASD 110 or CCBAU 45436 failed to alter the bacterial diversity,these two strains differentially influenced the rhizosphere microbial composition.Finally,we identified the main rhizosphere microorganisms that were affected by these two strains.Our findings revealed that the nodulation capacity of rhizobia and their colonization of rhizosphere and nodules are soil-type dependent,yet their impact on the rhizobacterial community exhibited consistent patterns.These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing rhizobial inoculation strategies to enhance nitrogen fixation efficiency.展开更多
Background The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of different dietary soybean meal(SBM)levels on jejunal immunity in nursery pigs at different days post-weaning.Methods Forty-eight pigs(6.2±0...Background The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of different dietary soybean meal(SBM)levels on jejunal immunity in nursery pigs at different days post-weaning.Methods Forty-eight pigs(6.2±0.3 kg),weaned at 21 days of age,were assigned to 2 dietary treatments(n=12)in a randomized complete block design and fed for 20 or 42 d in 3 phases(10,10,and 22 d,respectively).The dietary treatments consisted of low and high SBM diets.On d 20 and 42,jejunal mucosa and tissue samples were collected.Treatments were arranged in 2×2 factors with dietary SBM levels(low and high SBM diets)and days post-weaning(20 d and 42 d post-weaning).Results Pigs fed high SBM diets had greater(P<0.05)relative abundance(RA)of jejunal Prevotella,tended to have greater(P=0.091)jejunal IgA,had greater(P<0.05)crypt depth,and tended to have lower(P=0.064)villus height to crypt depth ratio(VH:CD)than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning had greater(P<0.05)RA of jejunal Lactobacillus and had greater(P<0.05)jejunal IL-8 and protein carbonyl than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning tended to have greater(P=0.090)jejunal IgG,tended to have lower(P=0.059)jejunal IgA,and had greater(P<0.05)proportion(%)of Ki-67+cells in the jejunal crypt than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Conclusion Pigs fed high SBM diets showed greater RA of Staphylococcus,a greater immune response,and a decreased VH:CD in the jejunum than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning were more susceptible to jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage than pigs at 42 d post-weaning,but the negative impacts of high SBM diets on jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage were consistent compared to low SBM diets at 20 d and 42 d post-weaning.展开更多
Flavonoids produced by legume roots act as signaling molecules that induce the expression of nod genes in symbiotic rhizobia.However,the role of flavonoids in root exudates under intercropping systems in promoting soy...Flavonoids produced by legume roots act as signaling molecules that induce the expression of nod genes in symbiotic rhizobia.However,the role of flavonoids in root exudates under intercropping systems in promoting soybean nodulation remains unclear.Two consecutive years of field experiments were conducted using maize–soybean strip intercropping with interspecific row spacings of 30 cm(MS30),45 cm(MS45),and 60 cm(MS60),along with sole cropping of soybean(SS)and maize(MM).Root interactions were manipulated using either no root barrier(NB)or a polyethylene plastic barrier(PB)to assess the relationship between flavonoids in root exudates and soybean nodulation.We found that root–root interaction between soybean and maize increased nodule number and fresh weight in intercropped soybean,with enhancement gradually increasing as interspecific distance widened.The proportion of nodules with diameters exceeding 0.4 cm was higher in intercropped soybean under NB compared to PB.Additionally,the expression of nodule-related genes-GmENOD40,Gm NIN2b,and Gm EXPB2-was up-regulated.Furthermore,compared to monocropping,isoflavone secretion by soybean roots decreased,whereas flavonoid and flavonol secretion by both maize and soybean roots increased under intercropping.The abundance of differentially secreted flavonoid metabolites in the rhizosphere of both species declined when root contact was prevented by the barrier.In soybean roots,the expression of Gm CHS8 and Gm IFS1 was up-regulated,while Gm ICHG was down-regulated under root interaction.Most flavonoid and flavonol compounds showed positive correlations with nodule diameter.Nodule number,fresh weight,and the proportion of nodules larger than 0.2 cm increased in diverse soybean genotypes treated with maize root exudates,which contributed to enhanced nitrogen fixation capacity.Therefore,maize–soybean strip intercropping,combined with optimal row spacing,enhances the positive effects of underground root interactions and improves nodulation and nitrogen fixation in intercropped soybean.展开更多
Plants encounter dynamic light environments in natural field conditions,and species differ in their physiological and biochemical mechanisms for acclimating to fluctuating light(FL).The manner in which soybean(Glycine...Plants encounter dynamic light environments in natural field conditions,and species differ in their physiological and biochemical mechanisms for acclimating to fluctuating light(FL).The manner in which soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) coordinates multiple physiological adjustments to FL remains poorly understood.This study assessed the effects of FL on soybean morphology and photosynthetic traits by examining changes in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll(Chl) a fluorescence under alternating high-and low-light conditions.Results indicated that soybeans exposed to FL exhibited reduced dry matter accumulation,smaller and thinner leaves,and a lower Chl a/Chl b levels-characteristics typically associated with plants grown under continuous low-light.Despite these morphological similarities,their photosynthetic gas exchange rates and photosynthetic capacity were maintained at levels comparable to those under steady high light,unlike plants grown under constant low-light.Thus,acclimation to FL is distinct from adaptation to sustained low-light conditions.Correlation analyses revealed that the decline in carbon assimilation under FL primarily stemmed from two factors:the slow recovery of stomatal conductance upon transition to high light and the delayed relaxation of nonphotochemical quenching when light intensity decreased.Therefore,the reduction in carbon assimilation under FL cannot be attributed to low-light phase adjustments but rather reflects a lag in photosynthetic responsiveness to changing light conditions.展开更多
Soybean meal(SBM)prepared by soybean crushing is the most popular protein source in the poultry and livestock industries(Cai et al.,2015)due to its economic manufacture,high protein content,and good nutritional value....Soybean meal(SBM)prepared by soybean crushing is the most popular protein source in the poultry and livestock industries(Cai et al.,2015)due to its economic manufacture,high protein content,and good nutritional value.Despite these benefits,SBM contains various antigen proteins such as glycinin andβ-conglycinin,which account for approximately 70%of the total proteins of the SBM and reduce digestibility and damage intestinal function(Peng et al.,2018).展开更多
Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is...Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is intercropped with different soybean varieties.In this study,field experiments were conducted to compare the growth and yield of two soybean(Glycine max)varieties,BD2 and YC03-3,and one maize(Zea mays)variety,Huazhen,in mono-cropped and intercropped cultures.The plant biomass and N content of both crops in BD2/maize intercropping were significantly improved compared to their monoculture,but no such effects were observed in the plants of YC03-3/maize intercropping.The yield of BD2 intercropped with maize exhibited a 37.5%increment above that of BD2 in monoculture.Moreover,19.2-29.1%longer root length of maize and 19.0-39.4%larger root volume of BD2 were observed in BD2/maize intercropping than in monoculture,but no growth advantage was observed in YC03-3/maize intercropping.Maize showed root avoidance when intercropped with BD2,but space competition when intercropped with YC03-3.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that compared with the monoculture system,rhizobacteria community composition in BD2/maize intercropping changed more significantly than that of the YC03-3/maize intercropping system.In BD2/maize intercropping,most of the rhizobacteria community biomarker bacteria of BD2 were positively correlated with plant biomass,as well as plant P and N content.Maize tended to recruit Rhizobiales and Proteobacteria,which showed positive correlation with plant biomass and N content,respectively,as well as soil available N.In conclusion,soybean varieties determined the advantages of maize/soybean intercropping through root-root interactions and modification of rhizobacteria communities.Our insight emphasizes a linkage between root traits and the rhizobacteria community,which shows the importance of optimizing intercropping systems by selection of appropriate crop varieties.展开更多
Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)poses a substantial threat to the yield and quality of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.),leading to significant economic losses in soybean production.However,the mining of SMVresistance loci and t...Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)poses a substantial threat to the yield and quality of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.),leading to significant economic losses in soybean production.However,the mining of SMVresistance loci and the exploration of the underlying disease resistance mechanisms remain relatively limited.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of post-transcriptional regulators that play a pivotal role in modulating plant growth,development and responding to various stresses.In this study,we demonstrated the function of the “miR398c/d-GmCSDs”module between soybean resistant and susceptible varieties,focusing on its differential regulatory roles in SMV infection.Specifically,SMV infection downregulated gma-miR398c/d expression in the resistant variety(Qihuang 1,QH),while upregulated them in the susceptible variety(Nannong 1138-2,NN).Transient expression assay in N.benthamiana confirmed that gma-miR398c/d can target six superoxide dismutase(SOD)family genes,which responded to SMV infection in both varieties.Stable overexpression of Gma-MIR398c/d in soybean or inhibition of the corresponding target genes’expression via Bean pod mottle virus(BPMV)-induced gene silencing(VIGS)led to reduced H_(2)O_(2)content and thereby promoted SMV infection.Conversely,plants overexpressing the target genes exhibited the opposite phenotypes.The functions of gma-miR398c/d and their target genes were further validated in N.benthamiana through transient co-expression with SMV infectious clone(pSC7-GFP),indicating that gma-miR398c/d negatively regulated soybean resistance to SMV,while the target genes positively contributed to disease resistance.Collectively,our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying soybean resistance to SMV.展开更多
To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subseq...To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.展开更多
Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop mor...Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop morphological development and increase yield.Here,a three-year study was performed to verify the feasibility of adjusting row spacing to further enhance yield in densely planted soybeans.Of three row-spacing configurations(40-40,20-40,and 20-60 cm)and two planting densities(normal 180,000 plants ha 1 and high 270,000 plants ha 1).The differences in canopy structure,plant morphological development,photosynthetic capacity and their impact on yield were analyzed.Row spacing configurations have a significant effect on canopy transmittance(CT).The 20-60 cm row spacing configuration increased CT and creates a favorable canopy light environment,in which plant height is reduced,while branching is promoted.This approach reduces plant competition,optimizes the developments of leaf area per plant,specific leaf area,leaf area development rate,leaf area duration and photosynthetic physiological indices(F_(v)/F_(m),ETR,P_(n)).The significant increase of 11.9%-34.2%in canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP)is attributed to the significant optimization of plant growth and photosynthetic physiology through CT,an important contributing factor to yield increases.The yield in the 20-60 cm treatment is 4.0%higher than in equidistant planting under normal planting density,but 5.9%under high density,primarily driven by CAP and pod number.These findings suggest that suitable row spacing configurations optimize the light environment for plants,promote source-sink transformation in soybeans,and further improve yield.In practice,a 20-60 cm row spacing configuration could be employed for high-density soybean planting to achieve a more substantial yield gain.展开更多
Rapid,accurate seed classification of soybean varieties is needed for product quality control.We describe a hyperspectral image-based deep-learning model called Dual Attention Feature Fusion Networks(DAFFnet),which se...Rapid,accurate seed classification of soybean varieties is needed for product quality control.We describe a hyperspectral image-based deep-learning model called Dual Attention Feature Fusion Networks(DAFFnet),which sequentially applies 3D Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and 2D CNN.A fusion attention mechanism module in 2D CNN permits the model to capture local and global feature information by combining with Convolution Block Attention Module(CBAM)and Mobile Vision Transformer(MViT),outperforming conventional hyperspectral image classification models in seed classification.展开更多
Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting soybean growth and development,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irriga...Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting soybean growth and development,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation during the vegetative stages on soybean plants and determine the amount irrigation water can be reduced without affecting the physiological parameters,the crop phenology,and the yield of the soybean crop.The field experiments were conducted during two irrigation crop seasons(2021 and 2022)in Louata,Morocco.The results showed that regulated deficit irrigation regimes during the vegetative stages was combined with high temperatures and low air humidities during the beginning of flowering and the pod filling stage during 2021 in comparison with 2022,especially for 25%CWR(crop water requirements).Regulated deficit irrigation regimes reduced the stomatal conductance by 46%and 52%respectively during the first and second growing seasons by limiting CO_(2) intake for the Calvin cycle.The stomata closure increased the leaf temperature and affected the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus by damaging the chlorophyll pigments and impairment of electron transport chains in chloroplasts.The transition from regulated deficit irrigation to 100%CWR at the beginning of flowering(R1)compensated for the photosynthetic loss,improved the growth and development of soybean plants and enhanced the yield and its components for 50%and 75%CWR.The adaptative mechanism such as the remobilization of the carbon reserved in the stems and leaves(vegetative tissues)to the grains improved the grain yield by 36.7%during 2021 and by 32.2%during 2022 and.This consequently improved the water use efficiency,the water productivity of soybean for 50%and 75%CWR and contributed to water saving with an average of 60 mm per growing season.展开更多
[Objectives]To address the weeding challenges within the corn and soybean strip intercropping field and identify appropriate herbicide types and application methods suitable for the corn and soybean strip intercroppin...[Objectives]To address the weeding challenges within the corn and soybean strip intercropping field and identify appropriate herbicide types and application methods suitable for the corn and soybean strip intercropping fields in Siyang County.[Methods]The trial comprised six herbicide treatments and one blank control,with investigations conducted to assess efficacy,safety,and yield.[Results]Each herbicide treatment effectively controlled weeds,demonstrated high safety,and enhanced the yields of both soybeans and corn.The combined application of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray exhibited superior overall weed control compared to soil sealing alone.At 28 d following stem and leaf spray,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect against weeds in the combined treatment of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray all exceeded 89%.[Conclusions]This study offers technical support for advancing the practice of strip intercropping between corn and soybeans.展开更多
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes one of the most severe viral diseases in soybean ( Glycine max L.) and is known to contain many pathogenically and serologically related isolates. In the present study, the authors...Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes one of the most severe viral diseases in soybean ( Glycine max L.) and is known to contain many pathogenically and serologically related isolates. In the present study, the authors have obtained cDNAs to all cistrons of a Chinese SMV isolate, SMV_ZK, by RT_PCR. By analysing the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the HC_PRO, NIb and CP cistrons, it was found that SMV_ZK was highly homologous to the G2 strain of SMV, thus confirming the existence of G2_like isolates in soybean crop in China. The amplified cDNAs were directly cloned into a bacterial expression vector. With the exception of the P3 cistron, expression of the cDNAs of all other cistrons in bacteria gave rise to polypeptides of expected molecular weight. The expressed viral proteins were subsequently purified by gel elution. The preparation of viral_specific cDNAs and gene products will be useful in future functional study of the SMV genome.展开更多
Leaf-color mutants have proven valuable for studying chlorophyll metabolism,photosynthesis,and yield improvement.In this study,we identified a yellow-leaf(yl)mutant in soybean(Glycine max),characterized by reduced chl...Leaf-color mutants have proven valuable for studying chlorophyll metabolism,photosynthesis,and yield improvement.In this study,we identified a yellow-leaf(yl)mutant in soybean(Glycine max),characterized by reduced chlorophyll accumulation,lower net photosynthesis rate,and fewer grain number per plant than the wild type.To identify genes associated with chlorophyll content,we performed a largescale linkage mapping study using recombinant inbred lines from a cross between the yl mutant and a green-leaf cultivar across three environments.Using quantitative trait locus sequencing(QTL-seq)analysis,we mapped 12 QTL to chromosomes 5,13,15,19,and 20.Of these QTL,one new dominant locus with the largest LOD,named qCC1,was identified consistently and explained 31.73% of the total phenotypic variation on average.Notably,qCC1 was also associated with yield-related traits,including plant height and pod number per plant.Fine-mapping narrowed down qCC1 to an 82.29-kb region.Within this interval,we identified Glyma.15 g087500.1,encoding an ankyrin repeat-containing protein,as the most likely candidate gene,because its homologs are reported to function in thylakoid membrane biogenesis during plastid development.Phenotypic analysis of near-isogenic lines(NILs)revealed that those harboring the qCC1 allele conferring green leaves displayed significantly enhanced chlorophyll content by 136.53%-323.92%,net photosynthesis rate by 11.64%-42.13%,and yield by 111.32% compared with NILs carrying the allele conferring yellow leaves.Comparative transcriptome profiling of NILs coupled with RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that qCC1 up-regulated one differentially expressed gene(DEG)associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and six DEGs related to photosystem,whereas it downregulated one gene involved in chlorophyll degradation.These findings provide valuable insights into the biological function and regulatory mechanism of chlorophyll metabolism and offer guidance for breeding soybean varieties with enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and high yield.展开更多
Soybean is widely used in diets,and numerous reports have highlighted its antioxidant properties.However,constructing a methodology for rapid identifying and predicting a series of antioxidant active ingredients in So...Soybean is widely used in diets,and numerous reports have highlighted its antioxidant properties.However,constructing a methodology for rapid identifying and predicting a series of antioxidant active ingredients in Soybean presents certain challenges.Therefore,we introduced the spectrum-effect relationship-ingredient knockout identification technique to identify a series of antioxidant active ingredients in soybean.By combining untargeted metabolomics with network pharmacology,we predicted the antioxidant active ingredients and their target sites.We successfully identified 4 antioxidant active compounds(daidzein,genistein,daidzein,and glycitin)and 10 corresponding antioxidant targets(epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),estrogen receptor 1(ESR1),steroid receptor coactivator(SRC),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),kinase insert domain receptor(KDR),AKT serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),growth factor receptor bound protein 2(GRB2),signal transducer and activator of transcription1(STAT1),mitogen-activated protein kinase 8(MAPK8),B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL2))by our analysis.The validation results from cell experiments revealed that glycitin exhibited the best antioxidant activity and significantly influenced the expression of EGFR and the proteins associated with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NRF2/NQO1)signaling pathways.These findings were consistent with the predicted outcomes and were further confirmed in a zebrafish model.It suggests that glycitin may exert antioxidant effects by regulating the expression of EGFR,NRF2,and NQO1 proteins.The results demonstrate that a rapid analytical method for determining antioxidant activity was established.展开更多
As one of the world's three major food crops and an important economic and oil crop,soybean plays a crucial role in ensuring food safety.In recent years,there are many problems in soybean cultivation,production an...As one of the world's three major food crops and an important economic and oil crop,soybean plays a crucial role in ensuring food safety.In recent years,there are many problems in soybean cultivation,production and processing.In view of this situation,this paper comprehensively expounded and decomposed the cultivation situation,existing problems,specific countermeasures and conclusions,so as to re-recognize them.This study provides reference materials for the sustainable and healthy development of the soybean industry.展开更多
Soybean(Glycine max)is a vital foundation of global food security,providing a primary source of highquality protein and oil for human consumption and animal feed.The rising global population has significantly increase...Soybean(Glycine max)is a vital foundation of global food security,providing a primary source of highquality protein and oil for human consumption and animal feed.The rising global population has significantly increased the demand for soybeans,emphasizing the urgency of developing high-yield,stresstolerant,and nutritionally superior cultivars.The extensive collection of soybean germplasm resources—including wild relatives,landraces,and cultivars—represents a valuable reservoir of genetic diversity critical for breeding advancements.Recent breakthroughs in genomic technologies,particularly highthroughput sequencing and multi-omics approaches,have revolutionized the identification of key genes associated with essential agronomic traits within these resources.These innovations enable precise and strategic utilization of genetic diversity,empowering breeders to integrate traits that improve yield potential,resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses,and nutritional quality.This review highlights the critical role of genetic resources and omics-driven innovations in soybean breeding.It also offers insights into strategies for accelerating the development of elite soybean cultivars to meet the growing demands of global soybean production.展开更多
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the Program on Industrial Technology System of National Soybean(CARS-04-PS21)。
文摘As a pivotal global oil crop,soybean production plays a vital role in ensuring food security and promoting sustainable development.The processes of flowering and pod drop are critical determinants of soybean yield,thus,effective regulation of flowering is essential for achieving both high and stable yields.The differentiation of flower buds marks a crucial stage in the flowering process,governed by a complex interplay of environmental and endogenous pathways,including photoperiodic,vernalization,autonomous,gibberellin,and age pathways.These pathways converge to integrate flowering signals,subsequently activating downstream floral meristem identity genes that orchestrate the formation of floral primordia.Sucrose,the primary sugar transport form in soybeans,serves not only as a fundamental component of carbon metabolism but also as a significant signaling molecule.Through the age pathway,sucrose harmonizes various flowering-related genes,thereby influencing the timing of soybean flowering.Gibberellin,an essential hormone for plant growth and development,modulates flowering through the gibberellin pathway,with DELLA proteins acting as key regulators in the signal transduction cascade.The synergistic interaction between sucrose and gibberellin on gene expression occurs via distinct signaling pathways,collectively orchestrating flower bud differentiation.A thorough exploration of the molecular mechanisms by which sugars and hormones regulate flowering is anticipated to yield valuable insights and guidance for enhancing field crop production.
基金the Projects of Science and Technology of Shanghai(22N11900400)Key Projects of Beijing Institute of Life Science and Technology(2024400CB0050)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32488102)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24030303)。
文摘Flavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants,playing vital roles in diverse biological processes.Although the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway has been extensively characterized,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module comprising the miR166 and its target gene ATHB14-LIKE as a key regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in soybean(Glycine max).Knockdown of miR166 or overexpression of ATHB14-LIKE upregulated multiple flavonoid biosynthesis genes,leading to increased flavonoid accumulation.Conversely,miR166 overexpression suppressed these genes and reduced flavonoid levels.We further show that ATHB14-LIKE directly activates specific flavonoid biosynthesis genes by binding to their promoters.Additionally,ATHB14-LIKE forms homodimers and heterodimers with homologous proteins to regulate downstream flavonoid biosynthesis genes.Together,our findings demonstrate that the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module controls soybean flavonoid content by coordinating the expression of key biosynthetic genes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970344)Joint Funds of the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province,China(2021JJLH0065).
文摘Soybean(Glycine max L.)is a globally vital crop for oil production and food security.High-quality genomic resources are instrumental for both functional genomics and breeding.Here,we report a near-complete,high-quality genome assembly of the elite cultivar Tianlong 1(TL1),featuring fully resolved telomeres and centromeres,as well as a gap-free assembly of 14 of its 20 chromosomes.On the basis of the genome assembly,we generate an ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)-mutagenized population comprising 2555 M7 plants.Whole-genome resequencing of 288 EMS mutants uncovers 1,163,869 high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and 542,709 insertions/deletions(InDels),achieving 91.89%coverage of predicted protein-coding genes.Phenotypic screening demonstrates robust genotype–phenotype associations,with two nonsynonymous mutants displaying pronounced defects in seed and leaf development.Collectively,the chromosome-scale TL1 genome assembly and the extensively characterized mutant population establish valuable resources for functional genomics and precision breeding in soybean and related legume species.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202416)the Science and Technology Major Projects of Hubei Province(2023BBA002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants(32441047,32441046 and 32471627)。
文摘Rhizobial inoculation in soybean is an effective strategy in sustainable agriculture to reduce chemical fertilizer application and to increase crop production.It not only provides nitrogen sources for host plants but also improves the rhizosphere soil environment.However,the inoculation efficiency of rhizobia remains to be improved.In this study,we investigated the nodulation efficiency of Bradyrhizobium and Sinorhizobium strains under different soil conditions and evaluated their impacts on the rhizocompartment bacterial community.We found that inoculation with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens UASD 110 increased the number of soybean nodules in acidic soil,while Sinorhizobium fredii CCBAU 45436 was more effective in alkaline soil.However,inoculation with neither strain significantly affected nodulation in neutral soil.Then,we demonstrated that UASD 110 was more competitive in nodulation than CCBAU 45436,which was related to its higher abundance in the rhizosphere.Furthermore,we showed that while single inoculation with UASD 110 or CCBAU 45436 failed to alter the bacterial diversity,these two strains differentially influenced the rhizosphere microbial composition.Finally,we identified the main rhizosphere microorganisms that were affected by these two strains.Our findings revealed that the nodulation capacity of rhizobia and their colonization of rhizosphere and nodules are soil-type dependent,yet their impact on the rhizobacterial community exhibited consistent patterns.These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing rhizobial inoculation strategies to enhance nitrogen fixation efficiency.
文摘Background The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of different dietary soybean meal(SBM)levels on jejunal immunity in nursery pigs at different days post-weaning.Methods Forty-eight pigs(6.2±0.3 kg),weaned at 21 days of age,were assigned to 2 dietary treatments(n=12)in a randomized complete block design and fed for 20 or 42 d in 3 phases(10,10,and 22 d,respectively).The dietary treatments consisted of low and high SBM diets.On d 20 and 42,jejunal mucosa and tissue samples were collected.Treatments were arranged in 2×2 factors with dietary SBM levels(low and high SBM diets)and days post-weaning(20 d and 42 d post-weaning).Results Pigs fed high SBM diets had greater(P<0.05)relative abundance(RA)of jejunal Prevotella,tended to have greater(P=0.091)jejunal IgA,had greater(P<0.05)crypt depth,and tended to have lower(P=0.064)villus height to crypt depth ratio(VH:CD)than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning had greater(P<0.05)RA of jejunal Lactobacillus and had greater(P<0.05)jejunal IL-8 and protein carbonyl than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning tended to have greater(P=0.090)jejunal IgG,tended to have lower(P=0.059)jejunal IgA,and had greater(P<0.05)proportion(%)of Ki-67+cells in the jejunal crypt than pigs at 42 d post-weaning.Conclusion Pigs fed high SBM diets showed greater RA of Staphylococcus,a greater immune response,and a decreased VH:CD in the jejunum than pigs fed low SBM diets.Pigs at 20 d post-weaning were more susceptible to jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage than pigs at 42 d post-weaning,but the negative impacts of high SBM diets on jejunal inflammation and intestinal damage were consistent compared to low SBM diets at 20 d and 42 d post-weaning.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372231)(3187101212)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04-PS21)。
文摘Flavonoids produced by legume roots act as signaling molecules that induce the expression of nod genes in symbiotic rhizobia.However,the role of flavonoids in root exudates under intercropping systems in promoting soybean nodulation remains unclear.Two consecutive years of field experiments were conducted using maize–soybean strip intercropping with interspecific row spacings of 30 cm(MS30),45 cm(MS45),and 60 cm(MS60),along with sole cropping of soybean(SS)and maize(MM).Root interactions were manipulated using either no root barrier(NB)or a polyethylene plastic barrier(PB)to assess the relationship between flavonoids in root exudates and soybean nodulation.We found that root–root interaction between soybean and maize increased nodule number and fresh weight in intercropped soybean,with enhancement gradually increasing as interspecific distance widened.The proportion of nodules with diameters exceeding 0.4 cm was higher in intercropped soybean under NB compared to PB.Additionally,the expression of nodule-related genes-GmENOD40,Gm NIN2b,and Gm EXPB2-was up-regulated.Furthermore,compared to monocropping,isoflavone secretion by soybean roots decreased,whereas flavonoid and flavonol secretion by both maize and soybean roots increased under intercropping.The abundance of differentially secreted flavonoid metabolites in the rhizosphere of both species declined when root contact was prevented by the barrier.In soybean roots,the expression of Gm CHS8 and Gm IFS1 was up-regulated,while Gm ICHG was down-regulated under root interaction.Most flavonoid and flavonol compounds showed positive correlations with nodule diameter.Nodule number,fresh weight,and the proportion of nodules larger than 0.2 cm increased in diverse soybean genotypes treated with maize root exudates,which contributed to enhanced nitrogen fixation capacity.Therefore,maize–soybean strip intercropping,combined with optimal row spacing,enhances the positive effects of underground root interactions and improves nodulation and nitrogen fixation in intercropped soybean.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFF1001504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071963)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2300902)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program of China (GuikeAB23026107)the Chengdu Science and Technology Project,China (2023-YF08-00003-SN)。
文摘Plants encounter dynamic light environments in natural field conditions,and species differ in their physiological and biochemical mechanisms for acclimating to fluctuating light(FL).The manner in which soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) coordinates multiple physiological adjustments to FL remains poorly understood.This study assessed the effects of FL on soybean morphology and photosynthetic traits by examining changes in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll(Chl) a fluorescence under alternating high-and low-light conditions.Results indicated that soybeans exposed to FL exhibited reduced dry matter accumulation,smaller and thinner leaves,and a lower Chl a/Chl b levels-characteristics typically associated with plants grown under continuous low-light.Despite these morphological similarities,their photosynthetic gas exchange rates and photosynthetic capacity were maintained at levels comparable to those under steady high light,unlike plants grown under constant low-light.Thus,acclimation to FL is distinct from adaptation to sustained low-light conditions.Correlation analyses revealed that the decline in carbon assimilation under FL primarily stemmed from two factors:the slow recovery of stomatal conductance upon transition to high light and the delayed relaxation of nonphotochemical quenching when light intensity decreased.Therefore,the reduction in carbon assimilation under FL cannot be attributed to low-light phase adjustments but rather reflects a lag in photosynthetic responsiveness to changing light conditions.
基金supported by the Ten-thousand Talents Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2022R52021)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C04016)the Pioneer and Leading Goose R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2022C04020),China.
文摘Soybean meal(SBM)prepared by soybean crushing is the most popular protein source in the poultry and livestock industries(Cai et al.,2015)due to its economic manufacture,high protein content,and good nutritional value.Despite these benefits,SBM contains various antigen proteins such as glycinin andβ-conglycinin,which account for approximately 70%of the total proteins of the SBM and reduce digestibility and damage intestinal function(Peng et al.,2018).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000504 and 2023YFD1901300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172658,32172659 and 32302662)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2021A1515010826).
文摘Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is intercropped with different soybean varieties.In this study,field experiments were conducted to compare the growth and yield of two soybean(Glycine max)varieties,BD2 and YC03-3,and one maize(Zea mays)variety,Huazhen,in mono-cropped and intercropped cultures.The plant biomass and N content of both crops in BD2/maize intercropping were significantly improved compared to their monoculture,but no such effects were observed in the plants of YC03-3/maize intercropping.The yield of BD2 intercropped with maize exhibited a 37.5%increment above that of BD2 in monoculture.Moreover,19.2-29.1%longer root length of maize and 19.0-39.4%larger root volume of BD2 were observed in BD2/maize intercropping than in monoculture,but no growth advantage was observed in YC03-3/maize intercropping.Maize showed root avoidance when intercropped with BD2,but space competition when intercropped with YC03-3.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that compared with the monoculture system,rhizobacteria community composition in BD2/maize intercropping changed more significantly than that of the YC03-3/maize intercropping system.In BD2/maize intercropping,most of the rhizobacteria community biomarker bacteria of BD2 were positively correlated with plant biomass,as well as plant P and N content.Maize tended to recruit Rhizobiales and Proteobacteria,which showed positive correlation with plant biomass and N content,respectively,as well as soil available N.In conclusion,soybean varieties determined the advantages of maize/soybean intercropping through root-root interactions and modification of rhizobacteria communities.Our insight emphasizes a linkage between root traits and the rhizobacteria community,which shows the importance of optimizing intercropping systems by selection of appropriate crop varieties.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1001502)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP)Major Projects of Technological Innovation 2030(2023ZD04037).
文摘Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)poses a substantial threat to the yield and quality of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.),leading to significant economic losses in soybean production.However,the mining of SMVresistance loci and the exploration of the underlying disease resistance mechanisms remain relatively limited.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of post-transcriptional regulators that play a pivotal role in modulating plant growth,development and responding to various stresses.In this study,we demonstrated the function of the “miR398c/d-GmCSDs”module between soybean resistant and susceptible varieties,focusing on its differential regulatory roles in SMV infection.Specifically,SMV infection downregulated gma-miR398c/d expression in the resistant variety(Qihuang 1,QH),while upregulated them in the susceptible variety(Nannong 1138-2,NN).Transient expression assay in N.benthamiana confirmed that gma-miR398c/d can target six superoxide dismutase(SOD)family genes,which responded to SMV infection in both varieties.Stable overexpression of Gma-MIR398c/d in soybean or inhibition of the corresponding target genes’expression via Bean pod mottle virus(BPMV)-induced gene silencing(VIGS)led to reduced H_(2)O_(2)content and thereby promoted SMV infection.Conversely,plants overexpressing the target genes exhibited the opposite phenotypes.The functions of gma-miR398c/d and their target genes were further validated in N.benthamiana through transient co-expression with SMV infectious clone(pSC7-GFP),indicating that gma-miR398c/d negatively regulated soybean resistance to SMV,while the target genes positively contributed to disease resistance.Collectively,our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying soybean resistance to SMV.
文摘To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0403305)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101845)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0105000)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04).
文摘Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth.Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop morphological development and increase yield.Here,a three-year study was performed to verify the feasibility of adjusting row spacing to further enhance yield in densely planted soybeans.Of three row-spacing configurations(40-40,20-40,and 20-60 cm)and two planting densities(normal 180,000 plants ha 1 and high 270,000 plants ha 1).The differences in canopy structure,plant morphological development,photosynthetic capacity and their impact on yield were analyzed.Row spacing configurations have a significant effect on canopy transmittance(CT).The 20-60 cm row spacing configuration increased CT and creates a favorable canopy light environment,in which plant height is reduced,while branching is promoted.This approach reduces plant competition,optimizes the developments of leaf area per plant,specific leaf area,leaf area development rate,leaf area duration and photosynthetic physiological indices(F_(v)/F_(m),ETR,P_(n)).The significant increase of 11.9%-34.2%in canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP)is attributed to the significant optimization of plant growth and photosynthetic physiology through CT,an important contributing factor to yield increases.The yield in the 20-60 cm treatment is 4.0%higher than in equidistant planting under normal planting density,but 5.9%under high density,primarily driven by CAP and pod number.These findings suggest that suitable row spacing configurations optimize the light environment for plants,promote source-sink transformation in soybeans,and further improve yield.In practice,a 20-60 cm row spacing configuration could be employed for high-density soybean planting to achieve a more substantial yield gain.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(SS2021C005)Province Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province of China(GZ20220121)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Rapid,accurate seed classification of soybean varieties is needed for product quality control.We describe a hyperspectral image-based deep-learning model called Dual Attention Feature Fusion Networks(DAFFnet),which sequentially applies 3D Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and 2D CNN.A fusion attention mechanism module in 2D CNN permits the model to capture local and global feature information by combining with Convolution Block Attention Module(CBAM)and Mobile Vision Transformer(MViT),outperforming conventional hyperspectral image classification models in seed classification.
基金financially supported by Domaine Louata of Providence Verte Company,Agricultural Training and Research Center.
文摘Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting soybean growth and development,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation during the vegetative stages on soybean plants and determine the amount irrigation water can be reduced without affecting the physiological parameters,the crop phenology,and the yield of the soybean crop.The field experiments were conducted during two irrigation crop seasons(2021 and 2022)in Louata,Morocco.The results showed that regulated deficit irrigation regimes during the vegetative stages was combined with high temperatures and low air humidities during the beginning of flowering and the pod filling stage during 2021 in comparison with 2022,especially for 25%CWR(crop water requirements).Regulated deficit irrigation regimes reduced the stomatal conductance by 46%and 52%respectively during the first and second growing seasons by limiting CO_(2) intake for the Calvin cycle.The stomata closure increased the leaf temperature and affected the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus by damaging the chlorophyll pigments and impairment of electron transport chains in chloroplasts.The transition from regulated deficit irrigation to 100%CWR at the beginning of flowering(R1)compensated for the photosynthetic loss,improved the growth and development of soybean plants and enhanced the yield and its components for 50%and 75%CWR.The adaptative mechanism such as the remobilization of the carbon reserved in the stems and leaves(vegetative tissues)to the grains improved the grain yield by 36.7%during 2021 and by 32.2%during 2022 and.This consequently improved the water use efficiency,the water productivity of soybean for 50%and 75%CWR and contributed to water saving with an average of 60 mm per growing season.
文摘[Objectives]To address the weeding challenges within the corn and soybean strip intercropping field and identify appropriate herbicide types and application methods suitable for the corn and soybean strip intercropping fields in Siyang County.[Methods]The trial comprised six herbicide treatments and one blank control,with investigations conducted to assess efficacy,safety,and yield.[Results]Each herbicide treatment effectively controlled weeds,demonstrated high safety,and enhanced the yields of both soybeans and corn.The combined application of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray exhibited superior overall weed control compared to soil sealing alone.At 28 d following stem and leaf spray,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect against weeds in the combined treatment of soil sealing with stem and leaf spray all exceeded 89%.[Conclusions]This study offers technical support for advancing the practice of strip intercropping between corn and soybeans.
文摘Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes one of the most severe viral diseases in soybean ( Glycine max L.) and is known to contain many pathogenically and serologically related isolates. In the present study, the authors have obtained cDNAs to all cistrons of a Chinese SMV isolate, SMV_ZK, by RT_PCR. By analysing the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the HC_PRO, NIb and CP cistrons, it was found that SMV_ZK was highly homologous to the G2 strain of SMV, thus confirming the existence of G2_like isolates in soybean crop in China. The amplified cDNAs were directly cloned into a bacterial expression vector. With the exception of the P3 cistron, expression of the cDNAs of all other cistrons in bacteria gave rise to polypeptides of expected molecular weight. The expressed viral proteins were subsequently purified by gel elution. The preparation of viral_specific cDNAs and gene products will be useful in future functional study of the SMV genome.
基金supported by the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(SS2023C002)。
文摘Leaf-color mutants have proven valuable for studying chlorophyll metabolism,photosynthesis,and yield improvement.In this study,we identified a yellow-leaf(yl)mutant in soybean(Glycine max),characterized by reduced chlorophyll accumulation,lower net photosynthesis rate,and fewer grain number per plant than the wild type.To identify genes associated with chlorophyll content,we performed a largescale linkage mapping study using recombinant inbred lines from a cross between the yl mutant and a green-leaf cultivar across three environments.Using quantitative trait locus sequencing(QTL-seq)analysis,we mapped 12 QTL to chromosomes 5,13,15,19,and 20.Of these QTL,one new dominant locus with the largest LOD,named qCC1,was identified consistently and explained 31.73% of the total phenotypic variation on average.Notably,qCC1 was also associated with yield-related traits,including plant height and pod number per plant.Fine-mapping narrowed down qCC1 to an 82.29-kb region.Within this interval,we identified Glyma.15 g087500.1,encoding an ankyrin repeat-containing protein,as the most likely candidate gene,because its homologs are reported to function in thylakoid membrane biogenesis during plastid development.Phenotypic analysis of near-isogenic lines(NILs)revealed that those harboring the qCC1 allele conferring green leaves displayed significantly enhanced chlorophyll content by 136.53%-323.92%,net photosynthesis rate by 11.64%-42.13%,and yield by 111.32% compared with NILs carrying the allele conferring yellow leaves.Comparative transcriptome profiling of NILs coupled with RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that qCC1 up-regulated one differentially expressed gene(DEG)associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and six DEGs related to photosystem,whereas it downregulated one gene involved in chlorophyll degradation.These findings provide valuable insights into the biological function and regulatory mechanism of chlorophyll metabolism and offer guidance for breeding soybean varieties with enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and high yield.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100300)Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(235200810051)+1 种基金Key Project in Science and Technology Agency of Henan Province(242102310561)key research projects of higher education institutions in Henan Province(24B350002).
文摘Soybean is widely used in diets,and numerous reports have highlighted its antioxidant properties.However,constructing a methodology for rapid identifying and predicting a series of antioxidant active ingredients in Soybean presents certain challenges.Therefore,we introduced the spectrum-effect relationship-ingredient knockout identification technique to identify a series of antioxidant active ingredients in soybean.By combining untargeted metabolomics with network pharmacology,we predicted the antioxidant active ingredients and their target sites.We successfully identified 4 antioxidant active compounds(daidzein,genistein,daidzein,and glycitin)and 10 corresponding antioxidant targets(epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),estrogen receptor 1(ESR1),steroid receptor coactivator(SRC),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),kinase insert domain receptor(KDR),AKT serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),growth factor receptor bound protein 2(GRB2),signal transducer and activator of transcription1(STAT1),mitogen-activated protein kinase 8(MAPK8),B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL2))by our analysis.The validation results from cell experiments revealed that glycitin exhibited the best antioxidant activity and significantly influenced the expression of EGFR and the proteins associated with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NRF2/NQO1)signaling pathways.These findings were consistent with the predicted outcomes and were further confirmed in a zebrafish model.It suggests that glycitin may exert antioxidant effects by regulating the expression of EGFR,NRF2,and NQO1 proteins.The results demonstrate that a rapid analytical method for determining antioxidant activity was established.
基金Supported by Special Fund for National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction(CARS-04-CES16).
文摘As one of the world's three major food crops and an important economic and oil crop,soybean plays a crucial role in ensuring food safety.In recent years,there are many problems in soybean cultivation,production and processing.In view of this situation,this paper comprehensively expounded and decomposed the cultivation situation,existing problems,specific countermeasures and conclusions,so as to re-recognize them.This study provides reference materials for the sustainable and healthy development of the soybean industry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003301,2023YFF1000101,2022YFE0130200)the Taishan Scholars Program。
文摘Soybean(Glycine max)is a vital foundation of global food security,providing a primary source of highquality protein and oil for human consumption and animal feed.The rising global population has significantly increased the demand for soybeans,emphasizing the urgency of developing high-yield,stresstolerant,and nutritionally superior cultivars.The extensive collection of soybean germplasm resources—including wild relatives,landraces,and cultivars—represents a valuable reservoir of genetic diversity critical for breeding advancements.Recent breakthroughs in genomic technologies,particularly highthroughput sequencing and multi-omics approaches,have revolutionized the identification of key genes associated with essential agronomic traits within these resources.These innovations enable precise and strategic utilization of genetic diversity,empowering breeders to integrate traits that improve yield potential,resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses,and nutritional quality.This review highlights the critical role of genetic resources and omics-driven innovations in soybean breeding.It also offers insights into strategies for accelerating the development of elite soybean cultivars to meet the growing demands of global soybean production.
