The peanut farming system plays a crucial role in the development of the agricultural industry. Traditionally, peanuts are sown as shelled seeds;however, systematic research on the agronomic performance and yield pote...The peanut farming system plays a crucial role in the development of the agricultural industry. Traditionally, peanuts are sown as shelled seeds;however, systematic research on the agronomic performance and yield potential of planting with shells remains limited. In this study, we present a novel approach—peanut sowing with shells(P-S-S)—that promotes plant growth, enhances root development, and increases yield. This method also improves seed quality and elevates protein and oil content. Field trials conducted in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and northeastern China demonstrate the technique's broad adaptability, resulting in an average yield increase of 12.9%, with gains reaching up to 41% in northeastern areas, even under a 20% reduction in seeding rate. We have refined a standardized planting protocol for P-S-S based on the principle of “Two Reductions and Two Increases”: reduced input costs and post-harvest losses, along with increased production and economic benefits. This innovation contributes significantly to the advancement of peanut cultivation practices in China.展开更多
Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L...Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L42)were balanced by parity(140 and 169 sows representing parity 1 to 2[P1-2]and 3 to 9[P3+],respectively)and assigned within parity to a 2×2 factorial arrangement.Factors included essential fatty acid(EFA)supplementation(control diets containing 1.2%linoleic and 0.15%α-linolenic acid or diets with 3.0%linoleic and 0.38%α-linolenic acid)and supplementation period(lactation or wean-to-breeding).Tallow(low EFA diets)or soybean oil(high EFA diets)were included at 4%in sorghum-soybean meal-wheat middlings-based diets to attain targeted EFA levels.Results High levels of EFA fed during lactation had no effect on feed intake or litter performance,but increased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.027;82.1%vs.70.4%),tended to reduce the proportion of sows removed(P=0.070;12.4%vs.20.8%),decreased the number of total pigs born in the following litter(P=0.072;15.3 vs.16.2),and increased total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned(P=0.062;1,122 vs.974),regardless of sow parity.Young sows(P1-2)consuming the high EFA diet during lactation displayed a shorter wean-to-estrus interval(P=0.035;4.2 vs.4.6),but P3+sows were unaffected.Increasing EFA intake for P3+sows,but not P1-2 sows,resulted in more sows bred by d 5(P=0.028;91.1%vs.81.7%)and more mummies in the subsequent litter(P=0.040;0.32 vs.0.16).Feeding increased EFA to P1-2 sows during the wean-to-breeding period decreased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.042;72.0%vs.87.7%),and increased removal rate(P=0.003;28.8%vs.9.4%).Total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned was reduced(P=0.007)in P1-2 sows when supplemented with EFA during wean-breeding(939 vs.1,149)but was not impacted in P3+sows(1,131 vs.982).Conclusions Supplemental EFA in lactation diets benefited subsequent reproduction of sows,regardless of parity.Increasing dietary levels of EFA during the wean-to-breeding period to younger sows negatively impacted subsequent reproduction.展开更多
Background Previous evidence suggests that methionine(Met)consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival.To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxyl-Met(OHMet)...Background Previous evidence suggests that methionine(Met)consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival.To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxyl-Met(OHMet)improve placental function,forty sows were divided into four groups and fed either a control diet,or diets supplemented with 0.15%OHMet,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met(n=10).Placentas were collected immediately after expulsion,and extracted proteins were analyzed by tandem mass tag based quantitative proteomic analysis.Results We found that 0.15%OHMet consumption significantly increased placental vascular density compared with the control.Proteomic analysis identified 5,136 proteins,87 of these were differentially expressed(P<0.05,|fold change|>1.2).Enriched pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for 0.15%OHMet vs.control and 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%OHMet were glutathione metabolism;for 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%Met,they were NOD-like receptor signaling and apoptosis.Further analysis revealed that 0.15%OHMet supplementation upregulated the protein expression of glutathione-S-transferase(GSTT1)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the control and 0.3%OHMet groups,upregulated thioredoxin(TXN)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the 0.3%OHMet and 0.3%Met groups,and decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in trophoblast cells compared with other groups.In contrast,sows fed 0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met diets increased placental interleukin 1βlevels compared with the control,and upregulated the protein expression of complex I-B9(NDUFA3)compared with the 0.15%OHMet group.Furthermore,homocysteine,an intermediate in the trans-sulphuration pathway of Met,damaged placental function by inhibiting the protein expression of TXN,leading to apoptosis and ROS production.Conclusion Although dietary 0.15%OHMet supplementation improved placental angiogenesis and increased antioxidative capacity,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met supplementation impaired placental function by aggravating inflammation and oxidative stress,which is associated with cumulative homocysteine levels.展开更多
Background Sow longevity and reproductivity are essential in the modern swine industry.Although many studies have focused on the genetic and genomic factors for selection,little is known about the associations between...Background Sow longevity and reproductivity are essential in the modern swine industry.Although many studies have focused on the genetic and genomic factors for selection,little is known about the associations between the microbiome and sows with longevity in reproduction.Results In this study,we collected and sequenced rectal and vaginal swabs from 48 sows,nine of which completed up to four parities(U4P group),exhibiting reproductive longevity.We first identified predictors of sow longevity in the rectum(e.g.,Akkermansia)and vagina(e.g.,Lactobacillus)of the U4P group using RandomForest in the early breeding stage of the first parity.Interestingly,these bacteria in the U4P group showed decreased predicted KEGG gene abundance involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids.Then,we tracked the longitudinal changes of the micro-biome over four parities in the U4P sows.LEfSe analysis revealed parity-associated bacteria that existed in both the rectum and vagina(e.g.,Streptococcus in Parity 1,Lactobacillus in Parity 2,Veillonella in Parity 4).We also identi-fied patterns of bacterial change between the early breeding stage(d 0)and d 110,such as Streptococcus,which was decreased in all four parties.Furthermore,sows in the U4P group with longevity potential also showed better reproductive performance.Finally,we discovered bacterial predictors(e.g.,Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group)for the total number of piglets born throughout the four parities in both the rectum and vagina.Conclusions This study highlights how the rectal and vaginal microbiome in sows with longevity in reproduc-tion changes within four parities.The identification of parity-associated,pregnancy-related,and reproductive performance-correlated bacteria provides the foundation for targeted microbiome modulation to improve animal production.展开更多
Background Increased backfat thickness of sows in early gestation is negative to reproductive performance.Endometrial receptivity is an important determinant of reproductive success,but it is unclear whether the effec...Background Increased backfat thickness of sows in early gestation is negative to reproductive performance.Endometrial receptivity is an important determinant of reproductive success,but it is unclear whether the effect of sow backfat thickness on litter size is associated with endometrial receptivity and whether melatonin treatment may have benefits.The present study seeks to answer these questions through in vitro and in vivo investigations.Results Excessive lipid deposition and lower melatonin levels in the uterus are detrimental to endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation in high backfat thickness sows.In cells treated with melatonin,the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis played a role in reducing lipid accumulation in porcine endometrial epithelium cells and improved endometrial receptivity.Furthermore,we found a reduction of lipids in the uterus after eight weeks of intraperitoneal administration of melatonin to HFD mice.Notably,melatonin treatment caused a significant reduction in the deposition of endometrial collagen,an increase in the number of glands,and repair of the pinopode structure,ultimately improving endometrial receptivity,promoting embryo implantation,and increasing the number of litter size of mice.Conclusions Collectively,the finding reveals the harmful effects of high backfat thickness sows on embryo implantation and highlight the role of melatonin and the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis in improving endometrial receptivity by enhancing metabolism and reducing the levels of uterine lipids in obese animals.展开更多
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect and mechanism of quercetin on reproductive performance in perinatal sows.According to the similar principle of parity and body weight,24 perinatal sows were...The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect and mechanism of quercetin on reproductive performance in perinatal sows.According to the similar principle of parity and body weight,24 perinatal sows were randomly divided into four treatments with six replicates,including normal control and three treatments fed by a basal diet supplemented with 0,0.025%,0.050%,and 0.075%quercetin,respectively.The feeding trial was conducted from 100 days of gestation to 28 days post-partum.Reproductive performance,colostrum composition,serum indexes of antioxidation,inflammation,hormones,and the diversity and relative abundance of fecal microflora were determined in perinatal sows.Compared with the control,quercetin significantly reduced the rate of constipation,serum content of malondialdehyde(MDA),prolactin(PRL),and progesterone(PROG),and significantly increased the content of serum estradiol(E2)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)in colostrum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).Meanwhile,0.025%quercetin significantly increased glutathione(GSH)content in serum(P<0.05),0.050%quercetin significantly reduced the rate of backfat loss(P<0.05),and 0.075%quercetin significantly increased immunoglobulin M(IgM)content in colostrum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).In addition,0.050%and 0.075%quercetin significantly shortened estrus interval(P<0.05)and significantly increased the content of IgA and IgG in colostrum(P<0.05)and dopamine(DA)content in serum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).Quercetin significantly decreased the content of nitric oxide(NO),IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,and MCP-1 in serum(P<0.05)and significantly improved microflora abundance and diversity in feces of perinatal sows(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of quercetin reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and regulated intestinal microflora in perinatal sows,thus improved reproductive performance in perinatal sows.Under this experimental condition,the optimal supplementation with dietary quercetin was 0.075%in perinatal sows.展开更多
Background Maternal nutrition significantly influences offspring development.This study investigated the effects of maternal or post-weaning cinnamaldehyde(CA)supplementation in sows and their offspring on reproductiv...Background Maternal nutrition significantly influences offspring development.This study investigated the effects of maternal or post-weaning cinnamaldehyde(CA)supplementation in sows and their offspring on reproductive performance and health.Sixty sows,selected based on body condition score and parity,were randomly allocated to control or CA(500 mg/kg)diets from d 107 of gestation to d 24 of lactation.At weaning,128 piglets were assigned to four groups(n=8)based on weight and source litter for a 21-d experiment.The four groups were CON-CON(both sow and piglet on CON),CON-CA(sow on CON,piglet on CA),CA-CON(sow on CA,piglet on CON),and CA-CA(both sow and piglet on CA).Results Maternal CA supplementation tended to improve body weight(+15%,P=0.09)and average daily gain(+21%,P=0.07)of suckling piglets,along with increased levels of milk IgG(P=0.01)and IgM(P=0.02),colostrum crude fat(P=0.01),and plasma glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(P=0.02)at farrowing.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation significantly improved plasma antioxidant capacity,expressions of intestinal barrier and antiinflammatory genes,and gut microbiota structure of piglets at the end of suckling.Additionally,maternal CA supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of crude protein(P<0.01),gross energy(GE;P=0.03),and dry matter(P=0.01),improved jejunal sucrase activity(P<0.01),villus height(P=0.03),the ratio of villi height to crypt depth(P=0.02),and the expressions of intestinal barrier and anti-inflammatory genes in post-weaning piglets.Furthermore,post-weaning CA supplementation tended to decrease diarrhea scores of piglets during d 14–21 and increased the ATTD of GE(P=0.02),activities of jejunal sucrase(P=0.02),plasma catalase(P=0.01),and total superoxide dismutase(P<0.01)in piglets.Conclusion Maternal CA supplementation tended to increase the growth rate and weaning weight of suckling piglets,associated with improved antioxidant capacity and milk composition.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation or post-weaning CA supplementation improved nutrient digestibility,redox status,and intestinal function-related parameters of weaned piglets.展开更多
Background Embryo implantation in early gestation is crucial for reproductive success,while dietary fiber plays a key role in regulating sow fertility.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study explor...Background Embryo implantation in early gestation is crucial for reproductive success,while dietary fiber plays a key role in regulating sow fertility.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study explores the influence of dietary inulin on embryonic implantation using a sow model.Sows were fed a diet supplemented with 11 g/kg of inulin during early gestation and were slaughtered on gestation day 19(G19).Uterine fluid exosomes(UFEs)and endometrial tissues were collected for high-throughput sequencing and for analysis of the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins,respectively.Furthermore,UFEs obtained from slaughtered sows were injected into G19 sows to investigate the effects on reproduction and angiogenesis.Results The results showed that inulin significantly increased the number of blood vessels in the endometrium and expression of the angiogenesis-related proteins MMP2 and ANGPT1 in G19 sows(P<0.05).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that inulin significantly downregulated miRNAs associated with angiogenesis inhibition in UFEs,while upregulating miRNAs related to trophoblast physiological activities and regulation of the uterine fluid microenvironment(P<0.05).Furthermore,intravenous injection of G19 sows with UFEs from sows fed a diet containing inulin had significantly promoted vascular formation in the endometrium and embryos,and increased the number of live embryos on gestation day 28(G28)(P<0.05).Additionally,the mRNA expression levels of MMP2,ANGPT1,and VEGF in the placentas of sows were significantly elevated on G28 and at farrowing in the UFEs injection group(P<0.05).Conclusion Dietary supplementation with inulin during early gestation in sows promoted embryo implantation by regulating angiogenesis at the maternal–fetal interface through the modulation of miRNA expression in UFEs.These findings provide a theoretical reference for the application of dietary fiber in sow nutrition.展开更多
Background Feeding spray dried plasma(SDP)to weanling pigs improves growth,but there is a lack of research on how SDP impacts oxidative stress and inflammatory response in lactating sows,and performance of their pigle...Background Feeding spray dried plasma(SDP)to weanling pigs improves growth,but there is a lack of research on how SDP impacts oxidative stress and inflammatory response in lactating sows,and performance of their piglets after weaning.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that sows fed a diet with SDP in late gestation and lactation have improved reproductive performance and reduced inflammation compared with sows fed no SDP.The second hypothesis was that pigs weaned from sows fed 0.5%SDP in lactation have reduced diarrhea incidence and improved growth performance during the initial 14 d of the nursery period regardless of dietary SDP.Results The percent of low vitality or starved pigs during lactation was less(P<0.05)from sows fed 0.5%dietary SDP compared with sows fed the diet without SDP.Dietary SDP did not influence oxidative stress markers in the plasma of sows,but serum cytokines increased(P<0.05)in sows fed the diet with 0.5%SDP compared with sows fed the diet without SDP.Pigs weaned from young sows fed no SDP or from mature sows fed 0 or 0.5%SDP had a greater gain to feed ratio when fed a phase 1 diet containing 6%SDP compared with pigs fed a diet without SDP,but the gain to feed ratio of pigs weaned from young sows fed 0.5%dietary SDP was not affected by dietary SDP in phase 1(interaction,P<0.05).Regardless of sow treatment,pigs fed a phase 1 diet with 6%SDP had greater(P<0.05)growth performance than pigs fed a phase 1 diet without SDP,and pigs fed the phase 1 diet with 6%SDP had reduced(P<0.05)diarrhea incidence in phase 1.Conclusions Feeding 0.5%dietary SDP to sows may reduce the number of mummified pigs and increase pig vitality during lactation,but adding 0.5%SDP to sow diets during lactation did not improve post-weaning performance of pigs fed a starter diet with 6%SDP.展开更多
In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed culti...In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed cultivars with differing lodging resistances under normal and late sowing.Rapid stem elongation during bolting in late-sown rapeseed reduced stem plumpness,vascular bundle development,and lignin accumulation,weakening lodging resistance.Slowing stem elongation and promoting vascular bundle formation and lignin synthesis could increase lodging resistance in late-sown rapeseed.展开更多
Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved ...Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved cereal grains into sow diets during late gestation and lactation,aiming to reduce the metabolic demands of lactation while optimising offspring development and growth until slaughter.The experiment compared OA-preserved wheat and barley to conventionally dried grains,focusing on sow and offspring performance,as well as their faecal microbiota during lactation.Forty sows were blocked based on parity,body weight and back fat thickness on d 100 of gestation and assigned to one of two diets:a dried grain lactation diet and a preserved grain lactation diet.Sow faecal samples were collected at farrowing for the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility(CATTD)of nutrients and microbial analysis.Offspring faecal samples were collected on d 10 postpartum and at weaning(d 26 postpartum)for microbial analysis.Results Sow body weight,back fat changes,gestation and lactation length,total piglets born,wean-to-oestrus interval,and lactation efficiency were unaffected by sow diet(P>0.05).However,sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited improved CATTD of dry matter,nitrogen,gross energy,and neutral detergent fibre(P<0.05).While no maternal effect was observed on offspring growth during lactation(P>0.05),pigs from sows offered the preserved grain diet showed improved growth and feed efficiency from weaning until slaughter(d 168)compared to those from sows offered the dried grain diet(P<0.05).The preserved grain diet also reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria in sow faeces at farrowing and in their offspring on d 10 postpartum,and improved piglet faecal scores throughout lactation(P=0.05).At weaning,piglets from sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced abundance of Alistipes in their faeces(P<0.05).Conclusion OA-preserved grains enhanced the CATTD of nutrients in sows,promoted healthier piglet faecal scores during lactation,and improved offspring growth performance post-weaning,potentially linked to beneficial changes observed in the faecal microbiota of sows and their offspring during lactation.展开更多
Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological c...Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions.In this study,we conducted experiments using four different sowing dates,the conventional sowing date 1(CS1),CS2(10 d later than CS1),DS1(30 d later than CS1),and DS2(30 d later than CS2),and three rice varieties,i.e.,Yixiangyou 2115,Fyou 498,and Chuanyou 6203.This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan Basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the infuence of DS on the pasting properties of rice,which are a proxy for the eating and cooking quality(ECQ).In DS1 and DS2,the rice had a signifcantly greater amylose content(AC)but a lower protein content(PC),peak viscosity(PKV),cool paste viscosity(CPV),and hot paste viscosity(HPV)than in CS1 and CS2.Moreover,except for CS2 and DS1 in 2018,DS1 and DS2 led to 2.15-11.19%reductions in breakdown viscosity(BDV)and 23.46-108.47%increases in setback viscosity(SBV).However,the infuence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety.In 2019,DS1 and DS2 led to BDV reductions of 2.35-9.33,2.61-8.61,10.03-17.78,and 2.06-8.93%,and SBV increases of 2.32-60.93,63.74-144.24,55.46-91.63,and-8.28-65.37%at the Dayi,Anzhou,Nanbu,and Shehong(except for SBV in CS2 and DS1)sites,respectively.DS resulted in greater reductions in PKV,HPV,CPV,and BDV and greater increases in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498.The correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were signifcantly and positively related to the mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures after heading.These temperatures must be greater than 25.9,31.2,and 22.3℃,respectively,to increase the relative BDV and reduce the relative SBV of rice,thereby enhancing ECQ.In conclusion,DS might contribute to a signifcant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan Basin.A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.展开更多
Optimizing sowing dates(SDs)represents a viable strategy for adapting maize production to climate change and enhancing yield.However,research remains limited regarding the integrated effects of lodging and yield in re...Optimizing sowing dates(SDs)represents a viable strategy for adapting maize production to climate change and enhancing yield.However,research remains limited regarding the integrated effects of lodging and yield in relation to climatic variables across different SDs.This study examines the patterns and distribution of key climatic variables during maize growth seasons,their influence on yield and lodging,and the critical factors affecting lodging at crucial growth stages under various SD scenarios.The research evaluated climate change impacts on yield and lodging through field experiments spanning 5 years(2015,2016,2019-2021),incorporating 25 SDs in the Sichuan Basin,China.Results indicated that lodging rate significantly affected the coefficient of variation(CV,3.31-10.50%)of maize yield.Each 1%increase in lodging rate resulted in a yield reduction of 58.05 kg ha^(-1).SD modifications notably influenced solar radiation(Sr)from emergence to silking(E-R1).The study determined that Sr accounted for 34.7%of lodging rate variation in E-R1.Analysis of historical meteorological data revealed significant inter-annual Sr variations,showing a decline of-8.7763 MJ m^(-2)yr^(-1)from 1990 to 2021,particularly evident from late May to early July.Variation partitioning analysis(VPA)demonstrated that climatic variables during emergence to physiological maturity(E-R6)and E-R1 explained 43.9 and 53.2%of yield variation across SDs,respectively,while contributing 56.0 and 45.4%to lodging.Random forest(RF)analysis established that SD changes primarily influenced lodging rates through modifications in basal internode morphology,explaining 69.79%of the variation.The research identified optimal sowing dates between late March and mid-April for achieving consistent high yields,attributed to increased Sr during E-R1.This study provides critical insights into climate change effects on stalk lodging and offers practical guidance for SD adjustment to reduce maize lodging rates.展开更多
Background Oxidative stress(OS)is involved in low female fertility by altering multi-omics such as the transcriptome,miRome,and lncRNome in follicular cells and follicular fluid.However,the mechanism by which OS affec...Background Oxidative stress(OS)is involved in low female fertility by altering multi-omics such as the transcriptome,miRome,and lncRNome in follicular cells and follicular fluid.However,the mechanism by which OS affects multiomics dynamics remains largely unknown.Here,we report that OS induces lncRNome dynamics in sow granulosa cells(sGCs),which is partially dependent on the transcription factor activity of its effector,FoxO1.Results A total of 2,283 putative FoxO recognition elements(FREs)were identified in the promoters of 394 lncRNAs,accounting for 91.20%(394/432)of the lncRNAs regulated by OS.ChIP and reporter assays showed that the effector FoxO1 mediated OS regulation of lncRNA transcription in a transcription factor activity-dependent manner.InsGCs,OS induces the transcription and function(e.g.,apoptosis)of NORSF(non-coding RNA involved in sow fertility),a nuclear lncRNA involved in sGC function via FoxO1.Furthermore,FoxO1 has been identified as a transcriptional activator of NORSF in sGCs that interacts with the FRE motif of its promoter.Meanwhile,OS downregulates the transcription of CYP19A1,which encodes an essential enzyme for estrogen synthesis and 17β-estradiol(E2)release by sGCs via the FoxO1 and NORSF axis.Phenotypically,dysregulation of NORSF transcription caused by 2 novel adjacent transitions in the promoter leads to decreased sow fertility.Conclusion These results suggest a model of OS-stimulated lncRNome dynamics in sGCs and a new signaling pathway of OS that influences sGC function and sow fertility.展开更多
Late sowing is a critical factor that hinders achieving high-yield,good-quality wheat under rice-wheat rotation.Understanding the physiological basis and regulatory pathways that lead to high yield and sound quality l...Late sowing is a critical factor that hinders achieving high-yield,good-quality wheat under rice-wheat rotation.Understanding the physiological basis and regulatory pathways that lead to high yield and sound quality late-sown wheat is crucial for developing effective cultivation strategies.A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sowing date,nitrogen(N)application rate,and planting density on wheat yield,grain quality,population characteristics,and the underlying physiological factors.The results revealed significant interactions among the sowing date,planting density,and N application in regulating both yield and quality.Late sowing reduced grain yield primarily by reducing the number of spikes and kernels.However,the latter was improved by increasing N application and the planting density,thus mitigating the yield losses caused by late sowing.Moreover,the grain protein content(GPC)and wet gluten content(WGC)increased with delayed sowing dates and higher N rates but decreased with increased planting densities.For wheat yields over 9,000 or 7,500 kg ha^(-1),the latest sowing date should not be later than Nov.4 or 15,respectively.In addition,specific criteria should be met,including a maximum of 1.5 and 1.0 million stems and tillers ha^(-1),a maximum leaf area index of 6.7 and 5.5,and a dry matter accumulation(DMA)at anthesis of 14,000 and 12,000 kg ha^(-1),respectively.For high-yield,good-quality late-sown wheat,the optimal combination is a 25%increase in the N rate(300 kg N ha^(-1))and a planting density of 2.25 million(N300D225)or 3.75 million(N300D375)plants ha^(-1)for 10-or 20-day delays in sowing,respectively.These combinations result in a higher leaf net photosynthetic rate,higher activities of leaf nitrate reductase,glutamine synthetase,grain glutamic pyruvic transaminase,and a lower sugar-N ratio during post-anthesis.展开更多
With the aim of adapting agricultural practices to climate warming,this study projected sowing dates for summer maize in the 2030s(2031–2040)across the Huanghuaihai Plain by analyzing key photo-thermal variables deri...With the aim of adapting agricultural practices to climate warming,this study projected sowing dates for summer maize in the 2030s(2031–2040)across the Huanghuaihai Plain by analyzing key photo-thermal variables derived from field experiments and projected future climate data under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2–4.5 within a restricted planting season.Results showed that growing degree days(GDD)during the active dry matter accumulation period(AP),killing degree days(KDD)during AP,and GDD during the late dry matter accumulation period(LP)explained most yield variation and were used for determining suitable sowing windows.Thresholds of them were 571°C d,21°C d and 411°C d,respectively.In the 2030s,postponing sowing dates and shifting planting regions northward resulted in gradual declines in KDD during AP and GDD during LP.The proportion of regions limited by KDD and GDD changed from 66%to 0%and from 3%to 100%when sowing dates were postponed from June 1 to July 15.Suitable sowing dates for maize were determined as follows:June 25 to July 10 in regions south of 34°N,June 5 to June 30 between 34°N and 39°N,and before June 20 in regions north of 39°N.展开更多
Taking Zhongyu 3 as the experimental variety,this paper analyzed the effects of different sowing depths(5 cm and 8 cm)and sowing equipment(ZHSB-10 medium-sized sowing machine and 2B-2 small sowing machine)on the growt...Taking Zhongyu 3 as the experimental variety,this paper analyzed the effects of different sowing depths(5 cm and 8 cm)and sowing equipment(ZHSB-10 medium-sized sowing machine and 2B-2 small sowing machine)on the growth,yield and components of yield of mechanized sowing maize,to provide references for mechanized maize production in southwest ecological zone.The results showed that the germination rate,plant height uniformity,and most agronomic traits of maize plant were higher at the sowing depth of 5 cm;with the growth of the maize,the effects of the sowing depth on agronomic traits of maize gradually declined;the effects of the sowing depth on the empty stalk rate,double ear rate,lodging rate,and lodging and stem broken rate were smaller;the sowing depth of 5 cm could increase the yield of mechanized sowing maize and most yield traits of maize.Different sowing machines had smaller effects on the germination rate,plant height uniformity,and agronomic traits of all growth stages,empty stalk rate,double ear rate,lodging rate,lodging and stem broken rate,yield,and components of yield of mechanized sowing maize.展开更多
This study aimed to analyze the absorption, utilization and transfer char- acteristics of nitrogen in high-yield winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） cultivars at dif- ferent sowing dates, so as to determine the optimum...This study aimed to analyze the absorption, utilization and transfer char- acteristics of nitrogen in high-yield winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） cultivars at dif- ferent sowing dates, so as to determine the optimum sowing dates for different high-yield wheat cultivars. A field experiment was conducted in the Shajiang black soil of Anhui Province with Jimai 22, Wanrnai 52 and Zhoumai 22, and the effects of early sowing （October 3）, optimum sowing （October 12） and late sowing （October 30） on wheat plant N content and accumulation, pre-and post-anthesis N accumula- tion （NA） of total plant, nitrogen remobUization to grain （NR）, N remobilization effi- ciency （NRE）, contribution of N remobilized to grain （NRC）, grain yield, N use effi- ciency （NUE） and N harvest index （NHI） of different wheat cultivar were investigat- ed. The results showed that sowing date had an impact on N content, absorption and utilization in wheat plants at various growth stages. The NA, NR and NRC of aboveground vegetative organs of wheat before anthesis were higher than those af- ter anthesis. Under the condition of late sowing, the grain N accumulation mainly depended on the N absorption by vegetative organs before anthesis. Under the conditions of optimum and early sowing, the absorbed N after anthesis accounted for a large proportion in grain N accumulation. The N uptake intensity and relative cumulative rate differed greatly among different growth stages and different-genotype wheat cultivars, and the pre-anthesis NA, pre-anthesis NR, pre-anthesis NRE, post- anthesis N assimilation amount and post-anthesis NRC showed significant differ- ences among different wheat cultivars. The grain yields of different wheat cultivars under the early and optimum sowing were all higher than those under the late sowing. The NHI and grain N accumulation were highest under the optimum sow- ing, and the latter significantly decreased with the delay of sowing dates. In con- trast, the NUE was highest under the late sowing, reaching 35.95%-41.32%. It indi- cated that under the condition of late sowing, most of the nitrogen was not ab- sorbed by wheat, but the use efficiency of the absorbed nitrogen significantly in- creased. In overall, the three high-yield wheat cultivars were all suitable for early and optimum sowing. Under the condition of late sowing, the yield of Zhoumai 22 showed the smallest differences with those under early and optimum sowing, and its NUE was significantly improved. Therefore, among the three high-yield wheat culti- vars, Zhoumai 22 was most suitable for late sowing.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different sowing dates and sites on starch RVA profile characteristics of different ecotypes of japonica rice. [Method] Five different ecotypes of japonica ri...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different sowing dates and sites on starch RVA profile characteristics of different ecotypes of japonica rice. [Method] Five different ecotypes of japonica rice were sown at seven different dates in four rice planting regions in Jiangsu Province to analyze the differences in starch RVA profile parameters among different rice varieties. [Result] Among eight parameters of rice starch RVA profile, peak time exhibited no significant differences among different sites, while other seven parameters varied significantly or extremely significantly among different sites, sowing dates and varieties. Specifically, rice variety exerted the most significant effects on rice starch RVA profile parameters. Starch RVA profile characteristics varied significantly among different ecological conditions but exhibited no significant differences among different latitudes. To be specific, in different sites, peak viscosity （PKV）, hot paste viscosity （HPV） and breakdown viscosity （BDV） demonstrated a descending order of Huai＇an 〉 Suzhou 〉 Lianyungang 〉 Yangzhou. Cool paste viscosity （CPV） and consistence viscosity （CSV） were higher in the north than in the south; specifically, CPV and CSV were significantly higher in Lianyungang and Huai＇an than in Yangzhou and Suzhou. Setback viscosity （SBV） showed an increasing trend with increasing latitude; specifically, SBV was significantly lower in Suzhou than in other three sites. Pasting temperature （PAT） and peak time （PET） changed slightly among different latitudes. With the postponing of sowing date, peak viscosity （PKV）, hot paste viscosity （HPV）, cool paste viscosity （CPV） and peak time （PET） showed a decreasing trend, setback viscosity （SBV） and consistence viscosity （CSV） increased, breakdown viscosity （BDV） increased first and then decreased, whereas pasting temperature （PAT） decreased first and then increased. Furthermore, rice starch RVA profile parameters showed the same variation trend with sowing date in different sites; early sowing within suitable sowing dates could effectively improve the parameters of rice starch RVA profile. However, different parameters exerted different variations among different sites and most parameters were higher in the north than in the south, which indicated that starch RVA profile parameters were significantly affected by sowing date in the north of Jiangsu Province. Among eight starch RVA profile parameters, setback viscosity exhibited the maximum variation coefficient, while peak time exhibited the minimum variation coefficient. Among five rice varieties, Nanjing 46 exhibited the highest peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity and the lowest setback viscosity and consistence viscosity, suggesting that Nanjing 46 had the most appropriate starch RVA profile characteristics and the best cooking and eating quality. Lianjing 4 exhibited relatively high peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity, and relatively low setback viscosity and consistence viscosity, suggesting that Lianjing 4 had good starch RVA profile characteristics. Different sowing dates and sites exerted significant effects on starch RVA profiles of different eco- types of japonica rice. Rice starch RVA profile characteristics varied significantly among different sites but exhibited no significant variations among different latitudes. In addition, starch RVA profile characteristics varied significantly among different sowing dates. Therefore, early sowing of the same variety was conducive to improving starch RVA profile characteristics in appropriate planting regions. [Conclusion] This study provided a theoretical basis for producing high-quality rice and improving the eating quality of rice in Jiangsu Province.展开更多
Nurturing sturdy mechanical-transplanting seedlings is the key to achieve high yield using mechanical-transplanting technology under wheat-rice cropping conditions in Chengdu Basin. In this study, super hybrid rice II...Nurturing sturdy mechanical-transplanting seedlings is the key to achieve high yield using mechanical-transplanting technology under wheat-rice cropping conditions in Chengdu Basin. In this study, super hybrid rice II You 602 was adopted as experimental material, to investigate the effects of sowing date on seedling growth,transplanting quality, growth process and yield of mechanical-transplanting seedlings in wheat-rice cropping region of Chengdu Basin, thus exploring supporting high-yield cultivation techniques for mechanical-transplanting technology in Chengdu Basin, Results showed that the appropriate sowing date for mechanical transplanting in wheatrice cropping region of Chengdu Basin was April 10-15, and the appropriate seedling age was 45-50 d, which led to the highest yield of mechanical-transplanting seedlings. Although postponing sowing was conducive to improving transplanting quality and increasing the percentage of earbearing tillers, it would result in lagged group growth, poor spike quality and reduced effective number of panicles, grain number, seed-setting rate, 1 000-seed weight and other yield components, thus declining the yield. Yield reduction rate would be above 10% with sowing date postponed by 15 d.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)-Henan United Fund (No. U22A20475)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province (No. 221111110500+1 种基金222301420026HARS-22-05-G1)。
文摘The peanut farming system plays a crucial role in the development of the agricultural industry. Traditionally, peanuts are sown as shelled seeds;however, systematic research on the agronomic performance and yield potential of planting with shells remains limited. In this study, we present a novel approach—peanut sowing with shells(P-S-S)—that promotes plant growth, enhances root development, and increases yield. This method also improves seed quality and elevates protein and oil content. Field trials conducted in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and northeastern China demonstrate the technique's broad adaptability, resulting in an average yield increase of 12.9%, with gains reaching up to 41% in northeastern areas, even under a 20% reduction in seeding rate. We have refined a standardized planting protocol for P-S-S based on the principle of “Two Reductions and Two Increases”: reduced input costs and post-harvest losses, along with increased production and economic benefits. This innovation contributes significantly to the advancement of peanut cultivation practices in China.
文摘Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L42)were balanced by parity(140 and 169 sows representing parity 1 to 2[P1-2]and 3 to 9[P3+],respectively)and assigned within parity to a 2×2 factorial arrangement.Factors included essential fatty acid(EFA)supplementation(control diets containing 1.2%linoleic and 0.15%α-linolenic acid or diets with 3.0%linoleic and 0.38%α-linolenic acid)and supplementation period(lactation or wean-to-breeding).Tallow(low EFA diets)or soybean oil(high EFA diets)were included at 4%in sorghum-soybean meal-wheat middlings-based diets to attain targeted EFA levels.Results High levels of EFA fed during lactation had no effect on feed intake or litter performance,but increased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.027;82.1%vs.70.4%),tended to reduce the proportion of sows removed(P=0.070;12.4%vs.20.8%),decreased the number of total pigs born in the following litter(P=0.072;15.3 vs.16.2),and increased total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned(P=0.062;1,122 vs.974),regardless of sow parity.Young sows(P1-2)consuming the high EFA diet during lactation displayed a shorter wean-to-estrus interval(P=0.035;4.2 vs.4.6),but P3+sows were unaffected.Increasing EFA intake for P3+sows,but not P1-2 sows,resulted in more sows bred by d 5(P=0.028;91.1%vs.81.7%)and more mummies in the subsequent litter(P=0.040;0.32 vs.0.16).Feeding increased EFA to P1-2 sows during the wean-to-breeding period decreased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.042;72.0%vs.87.7%),and increased removal rate(P=0.003;28.8%vs.9.4%).Total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned was reduced(P=0.007)in P1-2 sows when supplemented with EFA during wean-breeding(939 vs.1,149)but was not impacted in P3+sows(1,131 vs.982).Conclusions Supplemental EFA in lactation diets benefited subsequent reproduction of sows,regardless of parity.Increasing dietary levels of EFA during the wean-to-breeding period to younger sows negatively impacted subsequent reproduction.
基金financially supported by the Adisseo Innovation Research Center for Nutrition and Health(060–2222319005)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(2023NSFSC1135)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972603)。
文摘Background Previous evidence suggests that methionine(Met)consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival.To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxyl-Met(OHMet)improve placental function,forty sows were divided into four groups and fed either a control diet,or diets supplemented with 0.15%OHMet,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met(n=10).Placentas were collected immediately after expulsion,and extracted proteins were analyzed by tandem mass tag based quantitative proteomic analysis.Results We found that 0.15%OHMet consumption significantly increased placental vascular density compared with the control.Proteomic analysis identified 5,136 proteins,87 of these were differentially expressed(P<0.05,|fold change|>1.2).Enriched pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for 0.15%OHMet vs.control and 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%OHMet were glutathione metabolism;for 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%Met,they were NOD-like receptor signaling and apoptosis.Further analysis revealed that 0.15%OHMet supplementation upregulated the protein expression of glutathione-S-transferase(GSTT1)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the control and 0.3%OHMet groups,upregulated thioredoxin(TXN)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the 0.3%OHMet and 0.3%Met groups,and decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in trophoblast cells compared with other groups.In contrast,sows fed 0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met diets increased placental interleukin 1βlevels compared with the control,and upregulated the protein expression of complex I-B9(NDUFA3)compared with the 0.15%OHMet group.Furthermore,homocysteine,an intermediate in the trans-sulphuration pathway of Met,damaged placental function by inhibiting the protein expression of TXN,leading to apoptosis and ROS production.Conclusion Although dietary 0.15%OHMet supplementation improved placental angiogenesis and increased antioxidative capacity,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met supplementation impaired placental function by aggravating inflammation and oxidative stress,which is associated with cumulative homocysteine levels.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFE0124400)the Specific university discipline construction project (2023B10564001)+1 种基金grants administered by the Arkansas Biosciences Institute and the USDAa core grant (P20GM121293, proteogenomics core)。
文摘Background Sow longevity and reproductivity are essential in the modern swine industry.Although many studies have focused on the genetic and genomic factors for selection,little is known about the associations between the microbiome and sows with longevity in reproduction.Results In this study,we collected and sequenced rectal and vaginal swabs from 48 sows,nine of which completed up to four parities(U4P group),exhibiting reproductive longevity.We first identified predictors of sow longevity in the rectum(e.g.,Akkermansia)and vagina(e.g.,Lactobacillus)of the U4P group using RandomForest in the early breeding stage of the first parity.Interestingly,these bacteria in the U4P group showed decreased predicted KEGG gene abundance involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids.Then,we tracked the longitudinal changes of the micro-biome over four parities in the U4P sows.LEfSe analysis revealed parity-associated bacteria that existed in both the rectum and vagina(e.g.,Streptococcus in Parity 1,Lactobacillus in Parity 2,Veillonella in Parity 4).We also identi-fied patterns of bacterial change between the early breeding stage(d 0)and d 110,such as Streptococcus,which was decreased in all four parties.Furthermore,sows in the U4P group with longevity potential also showed better reproductive performance.Finally,we discovered bacterial predictors(e.g.,Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group)for the total number of piglets born throughout the four parities in both the rectum and vagina.Conclusions This study highlights how the rectal and vaginal microbiome in sows with longevity in reproduc-tion changes within four parities.The identification of parity-associated,pregnancy-related,and reproductive performance-correlated bacteria provides the foundation for targeted microbiome modulation to improve animal production.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35-PIG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272847,U22A20516)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF1000602)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2022ZDLNY01–04)。
文摘Background Increased backfat thickness of sows in early gestation is negative to reproductive performance.Endometrial receptivity is an important determinant of reproductive success,but it is unclear whether the effect of sow backfat thickness on litter size is associated with endometrial receptivity and whether melatonin treatment may have benefits.The present study seeks to answer these questions through in vitro and in vivo investigations.Results Excessive lipid deposition and lower melatonin levels in the uterus are detrimental to endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation in high backfat thickness sows.In cells treated with melatonin,the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis played a role in reducing lipid accumulation in porcine endometrial epithelium cells and improved endometrial receptivity.Furthermore,we found a reduction of lipids in the uterus after eight weeks of intraperitoneal administration of melatonin to HFD mice.Notably,melatonin treatment caused a significant reduction in the deposition of endometrial collagen,an increase in the number of glands,and repair of the pinopode structure,ultimately improving endometrial receptivity,promoting embryo implantation,and increasing the number of litter size of mice.Conclusions Collectively,the finding reveals the harmful effects of high backfat thickness sows on embryo implantation and highlight the role of melatonin and the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis in improving endometrial receptivity by enhancing metabolism and reducing the levels of uterine lipids in obese animals.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072749)。
文摘The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect and mechanism of quercetin on reproductive performance in perinatal sows.According to the similar principle of parity and body weight,24 perinatal sows were randomly divided into four treatments with six replicates,including normal control and three treatments fed by a basal diet supplemented with 0,0.025%,0.050%,and 0.075%quercetin,respectively.The feeding trial was conducted from 100 days of gestation to 28 days post-partum.Reproductive performance,colostrum composition,serum indexes of antioxidation,inflammation,hormones,and the diversity and relative abundance of fecal microflora were determined in perinatal sows.Compared with the control,quercetin significantly reduced the rate of constipation,serum content of malondialdehyde(MDA),prolactin(PRL),and progesterone(PROG),and significantly increased the content of serum estradiol(E2)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)in colostrum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).Meanwhile,0.025%quercetin significantly increased glutathione(GSH)content in serum(P<0.05),0.050%quercetin significantly reduced the rate of backfat loss(P<0.05),and 0.075%quercetin significantly increased immunoglobulin M(IgM)content in colostrum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).In addition,0.050%and 0.075%quercetin significantly shortened estrus interval(P<0.05)and significantly increased the content of IgA and IgG in colostrum(P<0.05)and dopamine(DA)content in serum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).Quercetin significantly decreased the content of nitric oxide(NO),IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,and MCP-1 in serum(P<0.05)and significantly improved microflora abundance and diversity in feces of perinatal sows(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of quercetin reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and regulated intestinal microflora in perinatal sows,thus improved reproductive performance in perinatal sows.Under this experimental condition,the optimal supplementation with dietary quercetin was 0.075%in perinatal sows.
基金supported by the project of the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1300802)。
文摘Background Maternal nutrition significantly influences offspring development.This study investigated the effects of maternal or post-weaning cinnamaldehyde(CA)supplementation in sows and their offspring on reproductive performance and health.Sixty sows,selected based on body condition score and parity,were randomly allocated to control or CA(500 mg/kg)diets from d 107 of gestation to d 24 of lactation.At weaning,128 piglets were assigned to four groups(n=8)based on weight and source litter for a 21-d experiment.The four groups were CON-CON(both sow and piglet on CON),CON-CA(sow on CON,piglet on CA),CA-CON(sow on CA,piglet on CON),and CA-CA(both sow and piglet on CA).Results Maternal CA supplementation tended to improve body weight(+15%,P=0.09)and average daily gain(+21%,P=0.07)of suckling piglets,along with increased levels of milk IgG(P=0.01)and IgM(P=0.02),colostrum crude fat(P=0.01),and plasma glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(P=0.02)at farrowing.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation significantly improved plasma antioxidant capacity,expressions of intestinal barrier and antiinflammatory genes,and gut microbiota structure of piglets at the end of suckling.Additionally,maternal CA supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of crude protein(P<0.01),gross energy(GE;P=0.03),and dry matter(P=0.01),improved jejunal sucrase activity(P<0.01),villus height(P=0.03),the ratio of villi height to crypt depth(P=0.02),and the expressions of intestinal barrier and anti-inflammatory genes in post-weaning piglets.Furthermore,post-weaning CA supplementation tended to decrease diarrhea scores of piglets during d 14–21 and increased the ATTD of GE(P=0.02),activities of jejunal sucrase(P=0.02),plasma catalase(P=0.01),and total superoxide dismutase(P<0.01)in piglets.Conclusion Maternal CA supplementation tended to increase the growth rate and weaning weight of suckling piglets,associated with improved antioxidant capacity and milk composition.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation or post-weaning CA supplementation improved nutrient digestibility,redox status,and intestinal function-related parameters of weaned piglets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32102554)Sichuan Province “145” Breeding Tackle Project (2021YFYZ0008)China Agriculture Research System (CARS-35).
文摘Background Embryo implantation in early gestation is crucial for reproductive success,while dietary fiber plays a key role in regulating sow fertility.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study explores the influence of dietary inulin on embryonic implantation using a sow model.Sows were fed a diet supplemented with 11 g/kg of inulin during early gestation and were slaughtered on gestation day 19(G19).Uterine fluid exosomes(UFEs)and endometrial tissues were collected for high-throughput sequencing and for analysis of the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins,respectively.Furthermore,UFEs obtained from slaughtered sows were injected into G19 sows to investigate the effects on reproduction and angiogenesis.Results The results showed that inulin significantly increased the number of blood vessels in the endometrium and expression of the angiogenesis-related proteins MMP2 and ANGPT1 in G19 sows(P<0.05).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that inulin significantly downregulated miRNAs associated with angiogenesis inhibition in UFEs,while upregulating miRNAs related to trophoblast physiological activities and regulation of the uterine fluid microenvironment(P<0.05).Furthermore,intravenous injection of G19 sows with UFEs from sows fed a diet containing inulin had significantly promoted vascular formation in the endometrium and embryos,and increased the number of live embryos on gestation day 28(G28)(P<0.05).Additionally,the mRNA expression levels of MMP2,ANGPT1,and VEGF in the placentas of sows were significantly elevated on G28 and at farrowing in the UFEs injection group(P<0.05).Conclusion Dietary supplementation with inulin during early gestation in sows promoted embryo implantation by regulating angiogenesis at the maternal–fetal interface through the modulation of miRNA expression in UFEs.These findings provide a theoretical reference for the application of dietary fiber in sow nutrition.
基金support from APC LLC,Ankeny,IA,USA,is greatly appreciated.
文摘Background Feeding spray dried plasma(SDP)to weanling pigs improves growth,but there is a lack of research on how SDP impacts oxidative stress and inflammatory response in lactating sows,and performance of their piglets after weaning.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that sows fed a diet with SDP in late gestation and lactation have improved reproductive performance and reduced inflammation compared with sows fed no SDP.The second hypothesis was that pigs weaned from sows fed 0.5%SDP in lactation have reduced diarrhea incidence and improved growth performance during the initial 14 d of the nursery period regardless of dietary SDP.Results The percent of low vitality or starved pigs during lactation was less(P<0.05)from sows fed 0.5%dietary SDP compared with sows fed the diet without SDP.Dietary SDP did not influence oxidative stress markers in the plasma of sows,but serum cytokines increased(P<0.05)in sows fed the diet with 0.5%SDP compared with sows fed the diet without SDP.Pigs weaned from young sows fed no SDP or from mature sows fed 0 or 0.5%SDP had a greater gain to feed ratio when fed a phase 1 diet containing 6%SDP compared with pigs fed a diet without SDP,but the gain to feed ratio of pigs weaned from young sows fed 0.5%dietary SDP was not affected by dietary SDP in phase 1(interaction,P<0.05).Regardless of sow treatment,pigs fed a phase 1 diet with 6%SDP had greater(P<0.05)growth performance than pigs fed a phase 1 diet without SDP,and pigs fed the phase 1 diet with 6%SDP had reduced(P<0.05)diarrhea incidence in phase 1.Conclusions Feeding 0.5%dietary SDP to sows may reduce the number of mummified pigs and increase pig vitality during lactation,but adding 0.5%SDP to sow diets during lactation did not improve post-weaning performance of pigs fed a starter diet with 6%SDP.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300303).
文摘In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed cultivars with differing lodging resistances under normal and late sowing.Rapid stem elongation during bolting in late-sown rapeseed reduced stem plumpness,vascular bundle development,and lignin accumulation,weakening lodging resistance.Slowing stem elongation and promoting vascular bundle formation and lignin synthesis could increase lodging resistance in late-sown rapeseed.
基金funded by the Science Foundation Ireland(BiOrbic,Dublin,Ireland)and Adesco Nutricines(Dungarvan,Waterford,Ireland)under grant number 16/RC/3889。
文摘Background Organic acids(OA)and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved cereal grains into sow diets during late gestation and lactation,aiming to reduce the metabolic demands of lactation while optimising offspring development and growth until slaughter.The experiment compared OA-preserved wheat and barley to conventionally dried grains,focusing on sow and offspring performance,as well as their faecal microbiota during lactation.Forty sows were blocked based on parity,body weight and back fat thickness on d 100 of gestation and assigned to one of two diets:a dried grain lactation diet and a preserved grain lactation diet.Sow faecal samples were collected at farrowing for the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility(CATTD)of nutrients and microbial analysis.Offspring faecal samples were collected on d 10 postpartum and at weaning(d 26 postpartum)for microbial analysis.Results Sow body weight,back fat changes,gestation and lactation length,total piglets born,wean-to-oestrus interval,and lactation efficiency were unaffected by sow diet(P>0.05).However,sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited improved CATTD of dry matter,nitrogen,gross energy,and neutral detergent fibre(P<0.05).While no maternal effect was observed on offspring growth during lactation(P>0.05),pigs from sows offered the preserved grain diet showed improved growth and feed efficiency from weaning until slaughter(d 168)compared to those from sows offered the dried grain diet(P<0.05).The preserved grain diet also reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria in sow faeces at farrowing and in their offspring on d 10 postpartum,and improved piglet faecal scores throughout lactation(P=0.05).At weaning,piglets from sows offered the preserved grain diet exhibited an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced abundance of Alistipes in their faeces(P<0.05).Conclusion OA-preserved grains enhanced the CATTD of nutrients in sows,promoted healthier piglet faecal scores during lactation,and improved offspring growth performance post-weaning,potentially linked to beneficial changes observed in the faecal microbiota of sows and their offspring during lactation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2022 and 32372217)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300700)the Free Exploration Program of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Sichuan Basin,China(SKL-ZY202216)。
文摘Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions.In this study,we conducted experiments using four different sowing dates,the conventional sowing date 1(CS1),CS2(10 d later than CS1),DS1(30 d later than CS1),and DS2(30 d later than CS2),and three rice varieties,i.e.,Yixiangyou 2115,Fyou 498,and Chuanyou 6203.This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan Basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the infuence of DS on the pasting properties of rice,which are a proxy for the eating and cooking quality(ECQ).In DS1 and DS2,the rice had a signifcantly greater amylose content(AC)but a lower protein content(PC),peak viscosity(PKV),cool paste viscosity(CPV),and hot paste viscosity(HPV)than in CS1 and CS2.Moreover,except for CS2 and DS1 in 2018,DS1 and DS2 led to 2.15-11.19%reductions in breakdown viscosity(BDV)and 23.46-108.47%increases in setback viscosity(SBV).However,the infuence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety.In 2019,DS1 and DS2 led to BDV reductions of 2.35-9.33,2.61-8.61,10.03-17.78,and 2.06-8.93%,and SBV increases of 2.32-60.93,63.74-144.24,55.46-91.63,and-8.28-65.37%at the Dayi,Anzhou,Nanbu,and Shehong(except for SBV in CS2 and DS1)sites,respectively.DS resulted in greater reductions in PKV,HPV,CPV,and BDV and greater increases in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498.The correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were signifcantly and positively related to the mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures after heading.These temperatures must be greater than 25.9,31.2,and 22.3℃,respectively,to increase the relative BDV and reduce the relative SBV of rice,thereby enhancing ECQ.In conclusion,DS might contribute to a signifcant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan Basin.A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD190160304)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(2022NSFSC0013)+1 种基金the Sichuan Maize Innovation Team Construction Project,China(SCCXTD-2023-02)the National Science and Technology Support Projects,China(2015BAC05B05)。
文摘Optimizing sowing dates(SDs)represents a viable strategy for adapting maize production to climate change and enhancing yield.However,research remains limited regarding the integrated effects of lodging and yield in relation to climatic variables across different SDs.This study examines the patterns and distribution of key climatic variables during maize growth seasons,their influence on yield and lodging,and the critical factors affecting lodging at crucial growth stages under various SD scenarios.The research evaluated climate change impacts on yield and lodging through field experiments spanning 5 years(2015,2016,2019-2021),incorporating 25 SDs in the Sichuan Basin,China.Results indicated that lodging rate significantly affected the coefficient of variation(CV,3.31-10.50%)of maize yield.Each 1%increase in lodging rate resulted in a yield reduction of 58.05 kg ha^(-1).SD modifications notably influenced solar radiation(Sr)from emergence to silking(E-R1).The study determined that Sr accounted for 34.7%of lodging rate variation in E-R1.Analysis of historical meteorological data revealed significant inter-annual Sr variations,showing a decline of-8.7763 MJ m^(-2)yr^(-1)from 1990 to 2021,particularly evident from late May to early July.Variation partitioning analysis(VPA)demonstrated that climatic variables during emergence to physiological maturity(E-R6)and E-R1 explained 43.9 and 53.2%of yield variation across SDs,respectively,while contributing 56.0 and 45.4%to lodging.Random forest(RF)analysis established that SD changes primarily influenced lodging rates through modifications in basal internode morphology,explaining 69.79%of the variation.The research identified optimal sowing dates between late March and mid-April for achieving consistent high yields,attributed to increased Sr during E-R1.This study provides critical insights into climate change effects on stalk lodging and offers practical guidance for SD adjustment to reduce maize lodging rates.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1600903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272842)。
文摘Background Oxidative stress(OS)is involved in low female fertility by altering multi-omics such as the transcriptome,miRome,and lncRNome in follicular cells and follicular fluid.However,the mechanism by which OS affects multiomics dynamics remains largely unknown.Here,we report that OS induces lncRNome dynamics in sow granulosa cells(sGCs),which is partially dependent on the transcription factor activity of its effector,FoxO1.Results A total of 2,283 putative FoxO recognition elements(FREs)were identified in the promoters of 394 lncRNAs,accounting for 91.20%(394/432)of the lncRNAs regulated by OS.ChIP and reporter assays showed that the effector FoxO1 mediated OS regulation of lncRNA transcription in a transcription factor activity-dependent manner.InsGCs,OS induces the transcription and function(e.g.,apoptosis)of NORSF(non-coding RNA involved in sow fertility),a nuclear lncRNA involved in sGC function via FoxO1.Furthermore,FoxO1 has been identified as a transcriptional activator of NORSF in sGCs that interacts with the FRE motif of its promoter.Meanwhile,OS downregulates the transcription of CYP19A1,which encodes an essential enzyme for estrogen synthesis and 17β-estradiol(E2)release by sGCs via the FoxO1 and NORSF axis.Phenotypically,dysregulation of NORSF transcription caused by 2 novel adjacent transitions in the promoter leads to decreased sow fertility.Conclusion These results suggest a model of OS-stimulated lncRNome dynamics in sGCs and a new signaling pathway of OS that influences sGC function and sow fertility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272215)the Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2021361-1)the Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production by Province and Ministry(CIC-MCP),Nanjing Agricultural University,China。
文摘Late sowing is a critical factor that hinders achieving high-yield,good-quality wheat under rice-wheat rotation.Understanding the physiological basis and regulatory pathways that lead to high yield and sound quality late-sown wheat is crucial for developing effective cultivation strategies.A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sowing date,nitrogen(N)application rate,and planting density on wheat yield,grain quality,population characteristics,and the underlying physiological factors.The results revealed significant interactions among the sowing date,planting density,and N application in regulating both yield and quality.Late sowing reduced grain yield primarily by reducing the number of spikes and kernels.However,the latter was improved by increasing N application and the planting density,thus mitigating the yield losses caused by late sowing.Moreover,the grain protein content(GPC)and wet gluten content(WGC)increased with delayed sowing dates and higher N rates but decreased with increased planting densities.For wheat yields over 9,000 or 7,500 kg ha^(-1),the latest sowing date should not be later than Nov.4 or 15,respectively.In addition,specific criteria should be met,including a maximum of 1.5 and 1.0 million stems and tillers ha^(-1),a maximum leaf area index of 6.7 and 5.5,and a dry matter accumulation(DMA)at anthesis of 14,000 and 12,000 kg ha^(-1),respectively.For high-yield,good-quality late-sown wheat,the optimal combination is a 25%increase in the N rate(300 kg N ha^(-1))and a planting density of 2.25 million(N300D225)or 3.75 million(N300D375)plants ha^(-1)for 10-or 20-day delays in sowing,respectively.These combinations result in a higher leaf net photosynthetic rate,higher activities of leaf nitrate reductase,glutamine synthetase,grain glutamic pyruvic transaminase,and a lower sugar-N ratio during post-anthesis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172115)National Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System(CARS-02-21).
文摘With the aim of adapting agricultural practices to climate warming,this study projected sowing dates for summer maize in the 2030s(2031–2040)across the Huanghuaihai Plain by analyzing key photo-thermal variables derived from field experiments and projected future climate data under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2–4.5 within a restricted planting season.Results showed that growing degree days(GDD)during the active dry matter accumulation period(AP),killing degree days(KDD)during AP,and GDD during the late dry matter accumulation period(LP)explained most yield variation and were used for determining suitable sowing windows.Thresholds of them were 571°C d,21°C d and 411°C d,respectively.In the 2030s,postponing sowing dates and shifting planting regions northward resulted in gradual declines in KDD during AP and GDD during LP.The proportion of regions limited by KDD and GDD changed from 66%to 0%and from 3%to 100%when sowing dates were postponed from June 1 to July 15.Suitable sowing dates for maize were determined as follows:June 25 to July 10 in regions south of 34°N,June 5 to June 30 between 34°N and 39°N,and before June 20 in regions north of 39°N.
基金Supported by Research and Development of the Third Batch of Application Technology in Chengdu in 2017"Development and Application of New Varieties of High Quality and Efficient Grain and Oil Crops"
文摘Taking Zhongyu 3 as the experimental variety,this paper analyzed the effects of different sowing depths(5 cm and 8 cm)and sowing equipment(ZHSB-10 medium-sized sowing machine and 2B-2 small sowing machine)on the growth,yield and components of yield of mechanized sowing maize,to provide references for mechanized maize production in southwest ecological zone.The results showed that the germination rate,plant height uniformity,and most agronomic traits of maize plant were higher at the sowing depth of 5 cm;with the growth of the maize,the effects of the sowing depth on agronomic traits of maize gradually declined;the effects of the sowing depth on the empty stalk rate,double ear rate,lodging rate,and lodging and stem broken rate were smaller;the sowing depth of 5 cm could increase the yield of mechanized sowing maize and most yield traits of maize.Different sowing machines had smaller effects on the germination rate,plant height uniformity,and agronomic traits of all growth stages,empty stalk rate,double ear rate,lodging rate,lodging and stem broken rate,yield,and components of yield of mechanized sowing maize.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2012BAD04B09,2013BAD07B08)
文摘This study aimed to analyze the absorption, utilization and transfer char- acteristics of nitrogen in high-yield winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） cultivars at dif- ferent sowing dates, so as to determine the optimum sowing dates for different high-yield wheat cultivars. A field experiment was conducted in the Shajiang black soil of Anhui Province with Jimai 22, Wanrnai 52 and Zhoumai 22, and the effects of early sowing （October 3）, optimum sowing （October 12） and late sowing （October 30） on wheat plant N content and accumulation, pre-and post-anthesis N accumula- tion （NA） of total plant, nitrogen remobUization to grain （NR）, N remobilization effi- ciency （NRE）, contribution of N remobilized to grain （NRC）, grain yield, N use effi- ciency （NUE） and N harvest index （NHI） of different wheat cultivar were investigat- ed. The results showed that sowing date had an impact on N content, absorption and utilization in wheat plants at various growth stages. The NA, NR and NRC of aboveground vegetative organs of wheat before anthesis were higher than those af- ter anthesis. Under the condition of late sowing, the grain N accumulation mainly depended on the N absorption by vegetative organs before anthesis. Under the conditions of optimum and early sowing, the absorbed N after anthesis accounted for a large proportion in grain N accumulation. The N uptake intensity and relative cumulative rate differed greatly among different growth stages and different-genotype wheat cultivars, and the pre-anthesis NA, pre-anthesis NR, pre-anthesis NRE, post- anthesis N assimilation amount and post-anthesis NRC showed significant differ- ences among different wheat cultivars. The grain yields of different wheat cultivars under the early and optimum sowing were all higher than those under the late sowing. The NHI and grain N accumulation were highest under the optimum sow- ing, and the latter significantly decreased with the delay of sowing dates. In con- trast, the NUE was highest under the late sowing, reaching 35.95%-41.32%. It indi- cated that under the condition of late sowing, most of the nitrogen was not ab- sorbed by wheat, but the use efficiency of the absorbed nitrogen significantly in- creased. In overall, the three high-yield wheat cultivars were all suitable for early and optimum sowing. Under the condition of late sowing, the yield of Zhoumai 22 showed the smallest differences with those under early and optimum sowing, and its NUE was significantly improved. Therefore, among the three high-yield wheat culti- vars, Zhoumai 22 was most suitable for late sowing.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different sowing dates and sites on starch RVA profile characteristics of different ecotypes of japonica rice. [Method] Five different ecotypes of japonica rice were sown at seven different dates in four rice planting regions in Jiangsu Province to analyze the differences in starch RVA profile parameters among different rice varieties. [Result] Among eight parameters of rice starch RVA profile, peak time exhibited no significant differences among different sites, while other seven parameters varied significantly or extremely significantly among different sites, sowing dates and varieties. Specifically, rice variety exerted the most significant effects on rice starch RVA profile parameters. Starch RVA profile characteristics varied significantly among different ecological conditions but exhibited no significant differences among different latitudes. To be specific, in different sites, peak viscosity （PKV）, hot paste viscosity （HPV） and breakdown viscosity （BDV） demonstrated a descending order of Huai＇an 〉 Suzhou 〉 Lianyungang 〉 Yangzhou. Cool paste viscosity （CPV） and consistence viscosity （CSV） were higher in the north than in the south; specifically, CPV and CSV were significantly higher in Lianyungang and Huai＇an than in Yangzhou and Suzhou. Setback viscosity （SBV） showed an increasing trend with increasing latitude; specifically, SBV was significantly lower in Suzhou than in other three sites. Pasting temperature （PAT） and peak time （PET） changed slightly among different latitudes. With the postponing of sowing date, peak viscosity （PKV）, hot paste viscosity （HPV）, cool paste viscosity （CPV） and peak time （PET） showed a decreasing trend, setback viscosity （SBV） and consistence viscosity （CSV） increased, breakdown viscosity （BDV） increased first and then decreased, whereas pasting temperature （PAT） decreased first and then increased. Furthermore, rice starch RVA profile parameters showed the same variation trend with sowing date in different sites; early sowing within suitable sowing dates could effectively improve the parameters of rice starch RVA profile. However, different parameters exerted different variations among different sites and most parameters were higher in the north than in the south, which indicated that starch RVA profile parameters were significantly affected by sowing date in the north of Jiangsu Province. Among eight starch RVA profile parameters, setback viscosity exhibited the maximum variation coefficient, while peak time exhibited the minimum variation coefficient. Among five rice varieties, Nanjing 46 exhibited the highest peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity and the lowest setback viscosity and consistence viscosity, suggesting that Nanjing 46 had the most appropriate starch RVA profile characteristics and the best cooking and eating quality. Lianjing 4 exhibited relatively high peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity, and relatively low setback viscosity and consistence viscosity, suggesting that Lianjing 4 had good starch RVA profile characteristics. Different sowing dates and sites exerted significant effects on starch RVA profiles of different eco- types of japonica rice. Rice starch RVA profile characteristics varied significantly among different sites but exhibited no significant variations among different latitudes. In addition, starch RVA profile characteristics varied significantly among different sowing dates. Therefore, early sowing of the same variety was conducive to improving starch RVA profile characteristics in appropriate planting regions. [Conclusion] This study provided a theoretical basis for producing high-quality rice and improving the eating quality of rice in Jiangsu Province.
基金Supported by "Twelfth Five-Year"National Science and Technology Support Program(2012BAD04B13)"Twelfth Five-Year"National Science and Technology Support Program(2011BAD16B05)+3 种基金Special Fund for National Public Service Sectors(Agriculture)from the Ministry of Agriculture of China(200903050-4)Special Fund for National Public Service Sectors(Agriculture)of China(201303129)Major Special Project from the Ministry of Agriculture of ChinaScience and Technology SupportProgram of Sichuan Province(2010NZ0093)~~
文摘Nurturing sturdy mechanical-transplanting seedlings is the key to achieve high yield using mechanical-transplanting technology under wheat-rice cropping conditions in Chengdu Basin. In this study, super hybrid rice II You 602 was adopted as experimental material, to investigate the effects of sowing date on seedling growth,transplanting quality, growth process and yield of mechanical-transplanting seedlings in wheat-rice cropping region of Chengdu Basin, thus exploring supporting high-yield cultivation techniques for mechanical-transplanting technology in Chengdu Basin, Results showed that the appropriate sowing date for mechanical transplanting in wheatrice cropping region of Chengdu Basin was April 10-15, and the appropriate seedling age was 45-50 d, which led to the highest yield of mechanical-transplanting seedlings. Although postponing sowing was conducive to improving transplanting quality and increasing the percentage of earbearing tillers, it would result in lagged group growth, poor spike quality and reduced effective number of panicles, grain number, seed-setting rate, 1 000-seed weight and other yield components, thus declining the yield. Yield reduction rate would be above 10% with sowing date postponed by 15 d.
