A systematic study of early Paleozoic S-type granites in Pinghe enhances our understanding of the tectonic evolution of proto-Tethys and provides a foundation for exploring rare metal deposits in the region.The Pinghe...A systematic study of early Paleozoic S-type granites in Pinghe enhances our understanding of the tectonic evolution of proto-Tethys and provides a foundation for exploring rare metal deposits in the region.The Pinghe granites consist of monzogranite and leucogranite.Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the emplacement ages of the monzogranite and leucogranite are 502.0 Ma and 500.9 Ma,respectively.All samples have high SiO_(2) content and a weakly to strongly peraluminous character(A/CNK=1.08-1.23),consistent with S-type granites.The monzogranite has relatively high CaO,Sr,Ba,and CaO/Na_(2)O ratios but lower Rb.In contrast,the leucogranite has lower CaO,Sr,Ba,and CaO/Na_(2)O ratios but higher Rb.The similar ε_(Nd)(t)values(−9.3 to−8.4)and Pb isotopic compositions((^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb)t=18.03-19.36,(^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb)t=15.66-15.76,(^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb)t=37.97-38.55)suggest that the monzogranite formed through partial melting of crustal greywacke,while the leucogranite originated from partial melting of crustal pelite.Regional geological studies suggest that these S-type granites in Pinghe were emplaced in an active continental margin setting,associated with the westward subduction of the proto-Tethys oceanic slab.The geochemical characteristics of leucogranite are consistent with those of tungsten-tin-related granites,indicating significant metallogenic potential for W and Sn deposits.展开更多
1.Objective,The Cretaceous succession is characteristic of the aeolian sedimentary system in the Ordos Basin,which is the major ore-bearing layer for the sandstone-type uranium deposits.Based on the research of paleon...1.Objective,The Cretaceous succession is characteristic of the aeolian sedimentary system in the Ordos Basin,which is the major ore-bearing layer for the sandstone-type uranium deposits.Based on the research of paleontology and magnetostratigraphy,formers believed it belonged to the Early Cretaceous(Huang YB,2010).However,the lack of intrusions or volcanic rocks for isotopic dating results in an unclear formation age for the Lower Cretaceous succession.Recently,tuffs were firstly discovered in the Luohandong Formation in the Zhenyuan area,Gansu Province,located in the southwestern Ordos Basin,China.The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of tuffs was carried out.The new ages can precisely constrain the depositional age of the Luohandong Formation and also provide significant indications for the study of regional volcanic activities,paleoclimate,basin evolution,and tectonic setting.展开更多
Four new^(10)Be-^(26)Al isochron burial ages ranging from 4.4 to 2 Ma on ancestral Colorado River deposits in the lower Colorado River corridor(LCRC)help constrain the river’s evolution during the Pliocene and early ...Four new^(10)Be-^(26)Al isochron burial ages ranging from 4.4 to 2 Ma on ancestral Colorado River deposits in the lower Colorado River corridor(LCRC)help constrain the river’s evolution during the Pliocene and early Pleisto-cene.They help fill a gap between previous work that focused on older and younger deposits:Older dated deposits include the 5 Ma Bouse Formation,which records the integration of the Colorado River through a series of preexisting basins to the Gulf of California and the ca.4.5-3.5 Ma Bullhead Alluvium,a 200 to 300 m thick aggregational package that immediately followed integration.The much younger,100-70 ka,Chemehuevi Formation is another major aggrada-tion package mapped throughout the LCRC.The new burial ages on the facies of Santa Fe Railway(4.37±0.71 Ma),boulder conglomerate of Bat Cave Wash(2.12±0.26 and 2.05±0.31 Ma),and the Palo Verde alluvium(3.03±0.26 Ma)partially fill in a 3.5 M.y.gap between the deposition of the Bullhead Alluvium and the Chemeheuvi Formation and document the timescales over which the Colorado River was able to remove the Bullhead aggradational package and initiate newer and smaller aggradational pulses.展开更多
According to the particularity of towns＇ construction in the southwestern mountainous areas of Yunnan Province, this study has built constructive land suit- ability evaluation index system which is different to flat ...According to the particularity of towns＇ construction in the southwestern mountainous areas of Yunnan Province, this study has built constructive land suit- ability evaluation index system which is different to flat area. Then this study deter- mined single evaluation factors index and comprehensive suitability index using ＂ex- treme conditions method＂ and ＂suitability index method＂, and analyzed and assessed the constructive land suitability on each evaluation unit polygons and its suitability level by using GIS software. Taking Lianghe County of Dehong Dai-Jingpo Au- tonomous Prefecture as an example to evaluate land suitability in Lianghe County＇s main towns around the gentle slope, the results show, in the evaluation area, the area of land suitable for construction and unsuitable for construction respectively ac- count 73.58% and 26.42%. And first-class, second and third-class of land suitable for construction should be composited at the ratio of about 11：49：40. The suitability evaluation index system and method developed in this paper is applicable for evalu- ating the construction land suitability in mountainous areas of southwest Yunnan Province, and will provide theoretical and technical support for land policy measures which strengthen the protection of farmland and promote the scientific development of urbanization in Yunnan Province and even similar mountainous areas of the whole China.展开更多
The limestone area located in southwestern Guangxi in the south of China is part of a global biodiversity hotspot. As an important habitat of this limestone region, karst wetlands provide birds with necessary water co...The limestone area located in southwestern Guangxi in the south of China is part of a global biodiversity hotspot. As an important habitat of this limestone region, karst wetlands provide birds with necessary water conditions for their survival and reproduction. From 2007 to 2012, bird surveys were conducted in natural wetlands(pools, streams, springs and seasonal flows) in 14 nature reserves and 18 reservoirs in the limestone area of southwestern Guangxi. A total of 365 bird species were recorded in field investigations, including 103 water-dependent birds mainly seen in wetlands. Among these 103 birds, 10 species are globally threatened and 5 species have been placed under national key protection. The birds were selective in their use of the various types of karst wetlands. The number of bird species was the highest in pools and springs, with 304 and 266 respectively, followed by streams with 131 species. Reservoirs are the main wintering habitat for the large Natatores and in the rainy season the importance of seasonal flows is paramount. Seasonal changes in the utilization of karst wetlands by birds were obvious; the number of bird species in the dry season was much higher than during the rainy season. Bird migration and seasonal flows are the main reasons for seasonal variation in the number of water-dependent birds. These natural karst wetlands ensure the drinking water supply for more than 80% of the water-independent birds in the dry season. These karst wetlands are the wintering ground and stopover area for 58 species of migrant birds. At present, threats to the birds in the karst wetlands consist of illegal hunting, habitat changes and eucalyptus plantations. Karst wetlands are important for protecting biodiversity. More attention ought to be directed to these wetlands and protection efforts enhanced.展开更多
An adult Asian Open-billed Stork (Anastomus oscitans) was observed in the Longjing reservoir of Baise City, northwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on 3 October 2010. It is the first record of this big stork in ...An adult Asian Open-billed Stork (Anastomus oscitans) was observed in the Longjing reservoir of Baise City, northwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on 3 October 2010. It is the first record of this big stork in Guangxi, southwestern ChinaThe Longjing reservoir is located in the展开更多
The special issue deals with the Cretaceous-Tertiary deserts in southwestern China and relevant sedimentological problems about deserts. The study area is located between 101°10＇- 107°00＇E and 28°00＇...The special issue deals with the Cretaceous-Tertiary deserts in southwestern China and relevant sedimentological problems about deserts. The study area is located between 101°10＇- 107°00＇E and 28°00＇-30°40′ N. The ancient desert study is so little in China that there has not been a systematic report about it up to now. Based on the study in many ways on Cretaceous-Tertiary deserts in southwestern China, plentiful data have been obtained. Though it is still a bit rough, the study is a good beginning of the ancient desert study in China. The main ideas and conclusions are summarized as follows.展开更多
A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation extremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations ...A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation extremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation included the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing altitude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to elevation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.展开更多
A group of radiolarian fossils with a complete morphological gradient of increasing polarization are reported from upper Devonian successions in southwestern Tianshan, China. Specifically, the important transitional m...A group of radiolarian fossils with a complete morphological gradient of increasing polarization are reported from upper Devonian successions in southwestern Tianshan, China. Specifically, the important transitional mophotypes, Pylentonema transitorum sp. nov., Archocyrtium medium sp. nov. and Quadrapesus transitivus sp. nov, were found. Based on the fact that the new transitional radiolarian fossils resemble more closely to pylentonemids （cyrtoid nassellarians） than to entactinids （spumellarians） in morphology, they are assigned to pylentonemids. Pylentonemids share characters of both the Nassellaria （e.g., horned cephalis, basal opening with pylome） and Spumellaria （e.g., system of trabecular spicules）, and they are thus of evolutionary significance. The evolutionary trend from spumellarians to nassellarians is characterized by （1） internal spicule： from simple trabecular spicules to complicate components （A;Ir,II;D;V;Lr,Li;MB）; （2） polarization of the radiolarian tests due to rearrangment of spine, from radial to an axial symmetry; （3） the gradual formation of a basal opening （aperture, pylome, or podome）; and the transition from a pseudopylome, a primative pylome with a narrow margin on the outer shell, to a true pylome rimmed with a narrow, elevated impermite wall.展开更多
This paper presents a comprehensive area expansion prediction index method to apply GNSS for short-impending prediction of earthquakes. Based on continuous GNSS observation data from Yunnan Province, a displacement fi...This paper presents a comprehensive area expansion prediction index method to apply GNSS for short-impending prediction of earthquakes. Based on continuous GNSS observation data from Yunnan Province, a displacement field was detected after data cycle-slip repair using precision data processing software and geophysical field effect model correction. The Yunnan area was divided into 56 grid cells for displacement field interpolation to obtain a more uniform displacement field and a strain field variation time series. The pre-earthquake response of each grid-cell expansion time series was evaluated and synthesized to extract a short-impending earthquake anomaly identification index. The results show that this index indicated occurrence times and hypocenter for earthquakes of magnitude M≥5. Fourteen earthquakes were predicted accurately, and there were five false reports. This index can therefore be used for the short-impending prediction of earthquakes.展开更多
The Tangquan granodioritic pluton in Dalian County, southwestern Fujian, China, which extends in a NE direction with an exposed area of about 130 km2, used to be considered a product of Early Cretaceous magmatism. The...The Tangquan granodioritic pluton in Dalian County, southwestern Fujian, China, which extends in a NE direction with an exposed area of about 130 km2, used to be considered a product of Early Cretaceous magmatism. The present study suggests for the first time that the pluton was formed in the Early Jurassic by using multiple methods for isotopic dating, which give zircon U-Pb ages of 186.8 Ma and 179.0 Ma, Rb-Sr isochron age of 162.02±4.5 Ma, and biotite 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 158.1±0.7 Ma. The cooling rate for the pluton was relatively low (4.76℃/Ma) during the early stage (183-162 Ma) because of the compressional environment. It was emplaced in a higher cooling rate (50℃/Ma) in an extensional environment during the later stage (162-158 Ma). The granodiorites are metaluminous-peraluminous, relatively enriched in Na2O and depleted in K2O, and characteristic of I-type granites of crust-mantle mixed sources. They are moderately enriched in Rb, Th, Hf and LREE, and depleted in Ti, Nb, Ta and Sr, and have geochemical features of cal-alkaline rocks of an island arc or active continental margin. Their (87Sr/86Sr)i ratio varies from 0.70769 to 0.70822, εNd(t) from -9.68 to -10.07 and TDM from 1.52 to 1.55 Ga. They were formed by mixing of mantle-derived mafic magma with the granitic magma resulting from partial melting of crust-derived materials in an upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle in South China during the Early Mesozoic.展开更多
In the southwestern Tianshan,the geologic ages of many strata and their depositional environments are still poorly constrained because of complex structures.The Mada＇er area is located in the Kuokesaleling belt,South...In the southwestern Tianshan,the geologic ages of many strata and their depositional environments are still poorly constrained because of complex structures.The Mada＇er area is located in the Kuokesaleling belt,Southwestern Tianshan.The cherts from the former Wupata＇erkan Group contain abundant radiolarian fossils,including 10 species which are identified as late Devonian to early Carboniferous in age.Eleven chert samples have SiO_2 contents ranging from 88.80 wt%to 93.28 wt%, and 2.02 wt%to 3.72 wt%for Al_2O_3.The SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratios of all samples vary from 23.84 to 46.11, much lower than those of the pure cherts（80-1400）.These values suggest that the cherts contain high ratios of terrigenous materials.The Al_2O_3/（Al_2O_3＋Fe_2O_3）ratios vary between 0.64 and 0.77,whereas V and Cu concentrations range from 10.92 ppm to 26.7 ppm and from 2.15 ppm to 34.1 ppm respectively. The Ti/V ratios vary from 25.53 to 44.93.The total REE concentrations of the cherts are between 30.78 ppm and 59.26 ppm,averaging 45.46 ppm.The（La/Ce）_N ratios range from 0.81 to 1.12,and 0.88-1.33 for（La/Yb）_N,averaging 1.09,which suggests a continental margin environment.Consequently,it is inferred that the cherts formed in a residual sea environment during the late Devonian to early Carboniferous time,which suggests that the collision between the Karakum-Tarim and Kazakhstan-Junggar plates did not occur at the time.In addition,the regional geological information indicates that the study area experienced a post-collision stage during the early Permian,and thus it is likely that the collision between the two plates took place in the late Carboniferous.展开更多
The uppermost Permian radiolarian fauna of Southwestern China described here includes 11 genera and 17 species, of which 2 species are new. Preliminary geochemistry research indicates that the sediments yielding the f...The uppermost Permian radiolarian fauna of Southwestern China described here includes 11 genera and 17 species, of which 2 species are new. Preliminary geochemistry research indicates that the sediments yielding the fauna are with anoxic feature. This study contributes to a better understanding on the evolution of Permian radiolarias and the cause of end Permian radiolarian extinction.展开更多
Through the field survey, previous researches and interpretation of aerial photos, a landslide information database of Xiaojiang Valley, Yunnan Province was set up based on the remote sensing (RS) and geographic infor...Through the field survey, previous researches and interpretation of aerial photos, a landslide information database of Xiaojiang Valley, Yunnan Province was set up based on the remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies. In the paper, a quantitative model for the landslide hazard assessment and zoning was presented, in which the potential energy could be obtained on basis of thorough analysis of the potential sliding volume, distance and direction of the landslide body. Taking landslide potential energy as the index of the hazard severity zonation, the study area was divided into severe, heavy, medium and light hazard zones.展开更多
The Pulang （普朗） porphyry copper deposit, located in the southern segment of the Yidun-Zhongdian （义敦-中甸） island arc ore-forming belt of the Tethys-Himalaya ore-forming domain, is a recently discovered large c...The Pulang （普朗） porphyry copper deposit, located in the southern segment of the Yidun-Zhongdian （义敦-中甸） island arc ore-forming belt of the Tethys-Himalaya ore-forming domain, is a recently discovered large copper deposit. Compared with the composition of granodiorite in China, the porphyry rocks in this area are enriched in W, Mo, Cu, Au, As, Sb, F, V, and Na2O （K1≥1.2）. Compared with the composition of fresh porphyry rocks in this district, the mineralized rocks are enriched in Cu, Au, Ag, Mo, Pb, Zn, W, As, Sb, and K2O （K2≥1.2）. Some elements show clear anomalies, such as Zn, Ag, Cu, Au, W, and Mo, and can be regarded as pathfinders for prospecting new ore bodies in depth. It has been inferred from factor analysis that the Pulang porphyry copper deposit may have undergone the multiple stages of alteration and mineralization： （a） Cu-Au mineralization; （b） W-Mo mineralization; and （c） silicification and potassic metasomatism in the whole ore-forming process. A detailed zonation sequence of indicator elements is obtained using the variability index of indicator elements as follows： Zn→Ag→Cu→Au→W→Mo. According to this zonation, an index such as （Ag＊Zn）D/（Mo×W）D can be constructed and regarded as a significant criterion for predicting the Cu potential at a particular depth.展开更多
Land cultivation and tillage process, and their consequent impacts on soil erosion, have been criticized as the main cause of degradation of land or soil quality. However, purple soils, classified as Regosols in FAO T...Land cultivation and tillage process, and their consequent impacts on soil erosion, have been criticized as the main cause of degradation of land or soil quality. However, purple soils, classified as Regosols in FAO Taxonomy or Entisols in USDA Taxonomy, are formed from purple rocks of the Trias- Cretaceous system, have been developed or at least accelerated the development due to continual tillage operation, especially digging and ridging. The present study took micromorphological investigation on the sedimentary rocks and the soils under different operations of tillage. Results show that the purple rock of Feixiangguan Formation of the Trias system （Tlf） is the easiest to physical weathering and the most fertile soil material enriched in nutrients, and it has been, therefore, mostly cultivated and intensively tilled around the year. It has the fastest soil formation rate. Soil formation rate in the cropland with conventional tillage is higher than that in the forestiand and the grassland. It implies that the artificial brokenness and tillage disturbance play a great role in physical weathering and initiating soil formation processes.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the recent drought in southwestern China and its association with environmental changes in moisture transport （MT） and atmospheric circulation. Climatic Research Unit grid data, in sit...This study aims to investigate the recent drought in southwestern China and its association with environmental changes in moisture transport （MT） and atmospheric circulation. Climatic Research Unit grid data, in situ observations in China, and ERA-interim reanalysis are used to study the characteristics of the drought and the associated mechanism. Recent precipitation trends show a pattern of ＂Northern wetting and Southern drying＂, similar to the anti-phase of the climate pattern prevailing during 1980--2000 in China's Mainland; southwestern China incurred a severe drought during 2009-20l 3. Wavelet analysis reveals that the drought coincides with a warm-dry phase of temperature and precipitation on a period of about 20 years and beyond 100 years, where contributions account for 43% and 57% of the deficiency of the precipitation, averaged for 2003-2012, respectively. A further investigation reveals that the drought results chiefly from the decline of the southwestern monsoon MT toward southwestern China, in addition to mid-latitude circulation changes, which leads to more blockings near the Ural Mountains and the Sea of Okhotsk in the rainy season and negative anomalies around Lake Baikal and northeast China in the dry season. These anomalies are likely to be correlated with global sea surface temperature changes and need to be studied further.展开更多
A combined study of magnetic fabrics, zircon U-Pb geochronology and structural deformation was carried out for Late Paleozoic sedimentary and Mesozoic magmatic rocks in the southwestern Fujian rift basin, South China,...A combined study of magnetic fabrics, zircon U-Pb geochronology and structural deformation was carried out for Late Paleozoic sedimentary and Mesozoic magmatic rocks in the southwestern Fujian rift basin, South China, aiming at deciphering the tectonic evolution during Late Mesozoic. Field observations showed that the Late Mesozoic structure deformations in southwestern Fujian were categorized into four phases： NW-SE compression, ENE-WSW extension, NNE-SSW compression and NNW-SSE extension, se- quentially. Zircons picked out from Juzhou granite and WNW-trending diabase dykes showed complete crys- tal shapes and clear oscillatory zonings on their edges, and the U-Pb dating yielded ages of 132 and 141 Ma, respectively. The susceptibility ellipsoid magnitude parameters of the Juzhou granite are characterized by flaser type strain ellipsoid, with pole density center of K3 falling into the first and the third quadrants, these fea- tures revealed that the Juzhou granite formed in ENE-WSW compressional stress field, indicating the early stage of Early Cretaceous extrusion in southwestern Fujian. The late stage of Early Cretaceous NNE-SSW ex- tension was limited by the widespread WNW-trending diabase dykes, which were usually regarded as impor- tant indications for a regional extensional setting. On the basic of the previous researches, structural deforma- tion studies, and the deductions above, it can be concluded that southwestern Fujian experienced five main tectonic stages during Late Mesozoic： Early Jurassic extension, Middie-Late Jurassic thrusting, early stage of Early Cretaceous extension, late stage of Early Cretaceous compression and Late Cretaceous extension.展开更多
基金funded by the Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202303AA080006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41972312 and 41672329).
文摘A systematic study of early Paleozoic S-type granites in Pinghe enhances our understanding of the tectonic evolution of proto-Tethys and provides a foundation for exploring rare metal deposits in the region.The Pinghe granites consist of monzogranite and leucogranite.Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the emplacement ages of the monzogranite and leucogranite are 502.0 Ma and 500.9 Ma,respectively.All samples have high SiO_(2) content and a weakly to strongly peraluminous character(A/CNK=1.08-1.23),consistent with S-type granites.The monzogranite has relatively high CaO,Sr,Ba,and CaO/Na_(2)O ratios but lower Rb.In contrast,the leucogranite has lower CaO,Sr,Ba,and CaO/Na_(2)O ratios but higher Rb.The similar ε_(Nd)(t)values(−9.3 to−8.4)and Pb isotopic compositions((^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb)t=18.03-19.36,(^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb)t=15.66-15.76,(^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb)t=37.97-38.55)suggest that the monzogranite formed through partial melting of crustal greywacke,while the leucogranite originated from partial melting of crustal pelite.Regional geological studies suggest that these S-type granites in Pinghe were emplaced in an active continental margin setting,associated with the westward subduction of the proto-Tethys oceanic slab.The geochemical characteristics of leucogranite are consistent with those of tungsten-tin-related granites,indicating significant metallogenic potential for W and Sn deposits.
基金supported by the Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2022FY101800)the National Science Foundation of China(92162212)the International Geoscience Programme(IGCP 675).
文摘1.Objective,The Cretaceous succession is characteristic of the aeolian sedimentary system in the Ordos Basin,which is the major ore-bearing layer for the sandstone-type uranium deposits.Based on the research of paleontology and magnetostratigraphy,formers believed it belonged to the Early Cretaceous(Huang YB,2010).However,the lack of intrusions or volcanic rocks for isotopic dating results in an unclear formation age for the Lower Cretaceous succession.Recently,tuffs were firstly discovered in the Luohandong Formation in the Zhenyuan area,Gansu Province,located in the southwestern Ordos Basin,China.The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of tuffs was carried out.The new ages can precisely constrain the depositional age of the Luohandong Formation and also provide significant indications for the study of regional volcanic activities,paleoclimate,basin evolution,and tectonic setting.
文摘Four new^(10)Be-^(26)Al isochron burial ages ranging from 4.4 to 2 Ma on ancestral Colorado River deposits in the lower Colorado River corridor(LCRC)help constrain the river’s evolution during the Pliocene and early Pleisto-cene.They help fill a gap between previous work that focused on older and younger deposits:Older dated deposits include the 5 Ma Bouse Formation,which records the integration of the Colorado River through a series of preexisting basins to the Gulf of California and the ca.4.5-3.5 Ma Bullhead Alluvium,a 200 to 300 m thick aggregational package that immediately followed integration.The much younger,100-70 ka,Chemehuevi Formation is another major aggrada-tion package mapped throughout the LCRC.The new burial ages on the facies of Santa Fe Railway(4.37±0.71 Ma),boulder conglomerate of Bat Cave Wash(2.12±0.26 and 2.05±0.31 Ma),and the Palo Verde alluvium(3.03±0.26 Ma)partially fill in a 3.5 M.y.gap between the deposition of the Bullhead Alluvium and the Chemeheuvi Formation and document the timescales over which the Colorado River was able to remove the Bullhead aggradational package and initiate newer and smaller aggradational pulses.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41261018)Lianghe Government Authorized Project~~
文摘According to the particularity of towns＇ construction in the southwestern mountainous areas of Yunnan Province, this study has built constructive land suit- ability evaluation index system which is different to flat area. Then this study deter- mined single evaluation factors index and comprehensive suitability index using ＂ex- treme conditions method＂ and ＂suitability index method＂, and analyzed and assessed the constructive land suitability on each evaluation unit polygons and its suitability level by using GIS software. Taking Lianghe County of Dehong Dai-Jingpo Au- tonomous Prefecture as an example to evaluate land suitability in Lianghe County＇s main towns around the gentle slope, the results show, in the evaluation area, the area of land suitable for construction and unsuitable for construction respectively ac- count 73.58% and 26.42%. And first-class, second and third-class of land suitable for construction should be composited at the ratio of about 11：49：40. The suitability evaluation index system and method developed in this paper is applicable for evalu- ating the construction land suitability in mountainous areas of southwest Yunnan Province, and will provide theoretical and technical support for land policy measures which strengthen the protection of farmland and promote the scientific development of urbanization in Yunnan Province and even similar mountainous areas of the whole China.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30360012,31172123)the Forestry Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
文摘The limestone area located in southwestern Guangxi in the south of China is part of a global biodiversity hotspot. As an important habitat of this limestone region, karst wetlands provide birds with necessary water conditions for their survival and reproduction. From 2007 to 2012, bird surveys were conducted in natural wetlands(pools, streams, springs and seasonal flows) in 14 nature reserves and 18 reservoirs in the limestone area of southwestern Guangxi. A total of 365 bird species were recorded in field investigations, including 103 water-dependent birds mainly seen in wetlands. Among these 103 birds, 10 species are globally threatened and 5 species have been placed under national key protection. The birds were selective in their use of the various types of karst wetlands. The number of bird species was the highest in pools and springs, with 304 and 266 respectively, followed by streams with 131 species. Reservoirs are the main wintering habitat for the large Natatores and in the rainy season the importance of seasonal flows is paramount. Seasonal changes in the utilization of karst wetlands by birds were obvious; the number of bird species in the dry season was much higher than during the rainy season. Bird migration and seasonal flows are the main reasons for seasonal variation in the number of water-dependent birds. These natural karst wetlands ensure the drinking water supply for more than 80% of the water-independent birds in the dry season. These karst wetlands are the wintering ground and stopover area for 58 species of migrant birds. At present, threats to the birds in the karst wetlands consist of illegal hunting, habitat changes and eucalyptus plantations. Karst wetlands are important for protecting biodiversity. More attention ought to be directed to these wetlands and protection efforts enhanced.
文摘An adult Asian Open-billed Stork (Anastomus oscitans) was observed in the Longjing reservoir of Baise City, northwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on 3 October 2010. It is the first record of this big stork in Guangxi, southwestern ChinaThe Longjing reservoir is located in the
文摘The special issue deals with the Cretaceous-Tertiary deserts in southwestern China and relevant sedimentological problems about deserts. The study area is located between 101°10＇- 107°00＇E and 28°00＇-30°40′ N. The ancient desert study is so little in China that there has not been a systematic report about it up to now. Based on the study in many ways on Cretaceous-Tertiary deserts in southwestern China, plentiful data have been obtained. Though it is still a bit rough, the study is a good beginning of the ancient desert study in China. The main ideas and conclusions are summarized as follows.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.91025002 No.40725001+5 种基金 No.30970492 No.40971019 No. 11J0930003 The CAS Special Grant for Postgraduate Research, Innovation and Practice The Foundation from the State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science The Foundation from Lijiang City Government
文摘A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation extremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation included the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing altitude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to elevation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.40232019).
文摘A group of radiolarian fossils with a complete morphological gradient of increasing polarization are reported from upper Devonian successions in southwestern Tianshan, China. Specifically, the important transitional mophotypes, Pylentonema transitorum sp. nov., Archocyrtium medium sp. nov. and Quadrapesus transitivus sp. nov, were found. Based on the fact that the new transitional radiolarian fossils resemble more closely to pylentonemids （cyrtoid nassellarians） than to entactinids （spumellarians） in morphology, they are assigned to pylentonemids. Pylentonemids share characters of both the Nassellaria （e.g., horned cephalis, basal opening with pylome） and Spumellaria （e.g., system of trabecular spicules）, and they are thus of evolutionary significance. The evolutionary trend from spumellarians to nassellarians is characterized by （1） internal spicule： from simple trabecular spicules to complicate components （A;Ir,II;D;V;Lr,Li;MB）; （2） polarization of the radiolarian tests due to rearrangment of spine, from radial to an axial symmetry; （3） the gradual formation of a basal opening （aperture, pylome, or podome）; and the transition from a pseudopylome, a primative pylome with a narrow margin on the outer shell, to a true pylome rimmed with a narrow, elevated impermite wall.
基金supported by the National 973 Project of China (No. 2013CB733303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41474093)+4 种基金the Key Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2014CFA110)the open fund of Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education (No. 15-02-07)the China Earthquake Administration’s Earthquake Science and Technology Spark Program (No. XH15037SX)Special fund of earthquake science and technology of Yunnan Earthquake Agency (No. 2017ZX02)the Jiancheng Li Academician Workstation (No. 2015IC015)
文摘This paper presents a comprehensive area expansion prediction index method to apply GNSS for short-impending prediction of earthquakes. Based on continuous GNSS observation data from Yunnan Province, a displacement field was detected after data cycle-slip repair using precision data processing software and geophysical field effect model correction. The Yunnan area was divided into 56 grid cells for displacement field interpolation to obtain a more uniform displacement field and a strain field variation time series. The pre-earthquake response of each grid-cell expansion time series was evaluated and synthesized to extract a short-impending earthquake anomaly identification index. The results show that this index indicated occurrence times and hypocenter for earthquakes of magnitude M≥5. Fourteen earthquakes were predicted accurately, and there were five false reports. This index can therefore be used for the short-impending prediction of earthquakes.
文摘The Tangquan granodioritic pluton in Dalian County, southwestern Fujian, China, which extends in a NE direction with an exposed area of about 130 km2, used to be considered a product of Early Cretaceous magmatism. The present study suggests for the first time that the pluton was formed in the Early Jurassic by using multiple methods for isotopic dating, which give zircon U-Pb ages of 186.8 Ma and 179.0 Ma, Rb-Sr isochron age of 162.02±4.5 Ma, and biotite 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 158.1±0.7 Ma. The cooling rate for the pluton was relatively low (4.76℃/Ma) during the early stage (183-162 Ma) because of the compressional environment. It was emplaced in a higher cooling rate (50℃/Ma) in an extensional environment during the later stage (162-158 Ma). The granodiorites are metaluminous-peraluminous, relatively enriched in Na2O and depleted in K2O, and characteristic of I-type granites of crust-mantle mixed sources. They are moderately enriched in Rb, Th, Hf and LREE, and depleted in Ti, Nb, Ta and Sr, and have geochemical features of cal-alkaline rocks of an island arc or active continental margin. Their (87Sr/86Sr)i ratio varies from 0.70769 to 0.70822, εNd(t) from -9.68 to -10.07 and TDM from 1.52 to 1.55 Ga. They were formed by mixing of mantle-derived mafic magma with the granitic magma resulting from partial melting of crust-derived materials in an upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle in South China during the Early Mesozoic.
基金supported by National 305 Project(2007BAB25B05,2011BAB06B02- 04)NSFC grant(40925006,40772045,40572047)111 Project(B07011)
文摘In the southwestern Tianshan,the geologic ages of many strata and their depositional environments are still poorly constrained because of complex structures.The Mada＇er area is located in the Kuokesaleling belt,Southwestern Tianshan.The cherts from the former Wupata＇erkan Group contain abundant radiolarian fossils,including 10 species which are identified as late Devonian to early Carboniferous in age.Eleven chert samples have SiO_2 contents ranging from 88.80 wt%to 93.28 wt%, and 2.02 wt%to 3.72 wt%for Al_2O_3.The SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratios of all samples vary from 23.84 to 46.11, much lower than those of the pure cherts（80-1400）.These values suggest that the cherts contain high ratios of terrigenous materials.The Al_2O_3/（Al_2O_3＋Fe_2O_3）ratios vary between 0.64 and 0.77,whereas V and Cu concentrations range from 10.92 ppm to 26.7 ppm and from 2.15 ppm to 34.1 ppm respectively. The Ti/V ratios vary from 25.53 to 44.93.The total REE concentrations of the cherts are between 30.78 ppm and 59.26 ppm,averaging 45.46 ppm.The（La/Ce）_N ratios range from 0.81 to 1.12,and 0.88-1.33 for（La/Yb）_N,averaging 1.09,which suggests a continental margin environment.Consequently,it is inferred that the cherts formed in a residual sea environment during the late Devonian to early Carboniferous time,which suggests that the collision between the Karakum-Tarim and Kazakhstan-Junggar plates did not occur at the time.In addition,the regional geological information indicates that the study area experienced a post-collision stage during the early Permian,and thus it is likely that the collision between the two plates took place in the late Carboniferous.
文摘The uppermost Permian radiolarian fauna of Southwestern China described here includes 11 genera and 17 species, of which 2 species are new. Preliminary geochemistry research indicates that the sediments yielding the fauna are with anoxic feature. This study contributes to a better understanding on the evolution of Permian radiolarias and the cause of end Permian radiolarian extinction.
基金Supported by the Special Project of Chinese Academy of sciences for Mountain Hazards: Debris Flow and Landslide and Oriented Project of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of sciences(KZCX2-SW-319)
文摘Through the field survey, previous researches and interpretation of aerial photos, a landslide information database of Xiaojiang Valley, Yunnan Province was set up based on the remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies. In the paper, a quantitative model for the landslide hazard assessment and zoning was presented, in which the potential energy could be obtained on basis of thorough analysis of the potential sliding volume, distance and direction of the landslide body. Taking landslide potential energy as the index of the hazard severity zonation, the study area was divided into severe, heavy, medium and light hazard zones.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No 2006AA06Z113)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40772197)
文摘The Pulang （普朗） porphyry copper deposit, located in the southern segment of the Yidun-Zhongdian （义敦-中甸） island arc ore-forming belt of the Tethys-Himalaya ore-forming domain, is a recently discovered large copper deposit. Compared with the composition of granodiorite in China, the porphyry rocks in this area are enriched in W, Mo, Cu, Au, As, Sb, F, V, and Na2O （K1≥1.2）. Compared with the composition of fresh porphyry rocks in this district, the mineralized rocks are enriched in Cu, Au, Ag, Mo, Pb, Zn, W, As, Sb, and K2O （K2≥1.2）. Some elements show clear anomalies, such as Zn, Ag, Cu, Au, W, and Mo, and can be regarded as pathfinders for prospecting new ore bodies in depth. It has been inferred from factor analysis that the Pulang porphyry copper deposit may have undergone the multiple stages of alteration and mineralization： （a） Cu-Au mineralization; （b） W-Mo mineralization; and （c） silicification and potassic metasomatism in the whole ore-forming process. A detailed zonation sequence of indicator elements is obtained using the variability index of indicator elements as follows： Zn→Ag→Cu→Au→W→Mo. According to this zonation, an index such as （Ag＊Zn）D/（Mo×W）D can be constructed and regarded as a significant criterion for predicting the Cu potential at a particular depth.
基金supported by the CAS West-Developing Initiative (Grant No. KZCX2-XB2-07)the Key Technologies R & D Program of China (Grant No. 2008BAD98B04)
文摘Land cultivation and tillage process, and their consequent impacts on soil erosion, have been criticized as the main cause of degradation of land or soil quality. However, purple soils, classified as Regosols in FAO Taxonomy or Entisols in USDA Taxonomy, are formed from purple rocks of the Trias- Cretaceous system, have been developed or at least accelerated the development due to continual tillage operation, especially digging and ridging. The present study took micromorphological investigation on the sedimentary rocks and the soils under different operations of tillage. Results show that the purple rock of Feixiangguan Formation of the Trias system （Tlf） is the easiest to physical weathering and the most fertile soil material enriched in nutrients, and it has been, therefore, mostly cultivated and intensively tilled around the year. It has the fastest soil formation rate. Soil formation rate in the cropland with conventional tillage is higher than that in the forestiand and the grassland. It implies that the artificial brokenness and tillage disturbance play a great role in physical weathering and initiating soil formation processes.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2013CB430201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41075058 and 41475075)the China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(Grant No.GYHY201106016)
文摘This study aims to investigate the recent drought in southwestern China and its association with environmental changes in moisture transport （MT） and atmospheric circulation. Climatic Research Unit grid data, in situ observations in China, and ERA-interim reanalysis are used to study the characteristics of the drought and the associated mechanism. Recent precipitation trends show a pattern of ＂Northern wetting and Southern drying＂, similar to the anti-phase of the climate pattern prevailing during 1980--2000 in China's Mainland; southwestern China incurred a severe drought during 2009-20l 3. Wavelet analysis reveals that the drought coincides with a warm-dry phase of temperature and precipitation on a period of about 20 years and beyond 100 years, where contributions account for 43% and 57% of the deficiency of the precipitation, averaged for 2003-2012, respectively. A further investigation reveals that the drought results chiefly from the decline of the southwestern monsoon MT toward southwestern China, in addition to mid-latitude circulation changes, which leads to more blockings near the Ural Mountains and the Sea of Okhotsk in the rainy season and negative anomalies around Lake Baikal and northeast China in the dry season. These anomalies are likely to be correlated with global sea surface temperature changes and need to be studied further.
基金supported by the projects the China Geological Survey(Nos.12120113089600,12120114028701 and 1212011085472)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41530321)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(No.2652017259)
文摘A combined study of magnetic fabrics, zircon U-Pb geochronology and structural deformation was carried out for Late Paleozoic sedimentary and Mesozoic magmatic rocks in the southwestern Fujian rift basin, South China, aiming at deciphering the tectonic evolution during Late Mesozoic. Field observations showed that the Late Mesozoic structure deformations in southwestern Fujian were categorized into four phases： NW-SE compression, ENE-WSW extension, NNE-SSW compression and NNW-SSE extension, se- quentially. Zircons picked out from Juzhou granite and WNW-trending diabase dykes showed complete crys- tal shapes and clear oscillatory zonings on their edges, and the U-Pb dating yielded ages of 132 and 141 Ma, respectively. The susceptibility ellipsoid magnitude parameters of the Juzhou granite are characterized by flaser type strain ellipsoid, with pole density center of K3 falling into the first and the third quadrants, these fea- tures revealed that the Juzhou granite formed in ENE-WSW compressional stress field, indicating the early stage of Early Cretaceous extrusion in southwestern Fujian. The late stage of Early Cretaceous NNE-SSW ex- tension was limited by the widespread WNW-trending diabase dykes, which were usually regarded as impor- tant indications for a regional extensional setting. On the basic of the previous researches, structural deforma- tion studies, and the deductions above, it can be concluded that southwestern Fujian experienced five main tectonic stages during Late Mesozoic： Early Jurassic extension, Middie-Late Jurassic thrusting, early stage of Early Cretaceous extension, late stage of Early Cretaceous compression and Late Cretaceous extension.
