Rwanda secured access to one of the world’s most lucrative agricultural markets this month when it finalised a trade protocol allowing fresh avocado exports to China,a deal that could fundamentally alter the trajecto...Rwanda secured access to one of the world’s most lucrative agricultural markets this month when it finalised a trade protocol allowing fresh avocado exports to China,a deal that could fundamentally alter the trajectory of the country’s trade.展开更多
BACKGROUND The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells revolutionized regenerative medicine,providing a source for generating induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells(iMSCs).AIM To evaluate and...BACKGROUND The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells revolutionized regenerative medicine,providing a source for generating induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells(iMSCs).AIM To evaluate and compare five iMSC differentiation protocols,assessing their efficiency,phenotypic characteristics,and functional properties relative to primary mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).METHODS Five iMSC differentiation protocols were assessed:SB431542-based differentiation(iMSC1,iMSC3),an iMatrix-free method(iMSC2),growth factor supplementation(iMSC4),and embryoid body formation with retinoic acid(EB-iMSC).iMSC identity was confirmed according to the International Society for Cell&Gene Therapy 2006 criteria,requiring expression of surface markers(CD105,CD73,CD90)and absence of pluripotency markers.Functional assays were conducted to evaluate differentiation potential(osteogenic and adipogenic),proliferation,mitochondrial function,reactive oxygen species,senescence,and migration.RESULTS All iMSC types expressed MSC markers and lacked pluripotency markers.EBiMSC and iMSC2 showed enhanced osteogenesis(runt-related transcription factor 2;P≤0.01 and P≤0.0001,respectively),while adipogenic potential was reduced in iMSC2(Adipsin;P≤0.01)and EB-iMSC(Adipsin and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma;P≤0.0001 and P≤0.01,respectively).Proliferation was comparable or superior to bone marrow MSCs,except in iMSC1,with iMSC4 showing the highest rate(MTT assay;P values ranged from 0.01 to 0.001).Despite reduced mitochondrial health in iMSC3 and iMSC4(P≤0.001),reactive oxygen species levels were lower in all iMSCs(P values ranged from 0.001 to 0.0001),and senescence was significantly reduced in all iMSCs with the exception of iMSC1(P values ranged from 0.01 to 0.0001).Migration was most reduced in iMSC4(P≤0.001 at 24 hours and P≤0.0001 at 48 hours).CONCLUSION While all protocols generated functional iMSCs,variations in differentiation,proliferation,and function emphasize the impact of protocol selection.These findings contribute to optimizing iMSC generation for research and clinical applications.展开更多
随着汽车智能化、网联化、共享化、电动化的发展,汽车软件迭代频繁且车内通信数据激增,传统总线无法满足需求,需引入以太网通信。远程在线升级(Over the Air,OTA)需告知用户升级内容,涉及大量数据传输,故采用基于以太网的IP面向服务可...随着汽车智能化、网联化、共享化、电动化的发展,汽车软件迭代频繁且车内通信数据激增,传统总线无法满足需求,需引入以太网通信。远程在线升级(Over the Air,OTA)需告知用户升级内容,涉及大量数据传输,故采用基于以太网的IP面向服务可扩展通信协议(SOME/IP)。本文结合OTA升级功能,介绍基于SOME/IP协议的开发流程与方法,为车载以太网网络开发提供指导。展开更多
文摘Rwanda secured access to one of the world’s most lucrative agricultural markets this month when it finalised a trade protocol allowing fresh avocado exports to China,a deal that could fundamentally alter the trajectory of the country’s trade.
文摘BACKGROUND The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells revolutionized regenerative medicine,providing a source for generating induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells(iMSCs).AIM To evaluate and compare five iMSC differentiation protocols,assessing their efficiency,phenotypic characteristics,and functional properties relative to primary mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).METHODS Five iMSC differentiation protocols were assessed:SB431542-based differentiation(iMSC1,iMSC3),an iMatrix-free method(iMSC2),growth factor supplementation(iMSC4),and embryoid body formation with retinoic acid(EB-iMSC).iMSC identity was confirmed according to the International Society for Cell&Gene Therapy 2006 criteria,requiring expression of surface markers(CD105,CD73,CD90)and absence of pluripotency markers.Functional assays were conducted to evaluate differentiation potential(osteogenic and adipogenic),proliferation,mitochondrial function,reactive oxygen species,senescence,and migration.RESULTS All iMSC types expressed MSC markers and lacked pluripotency markers.EBiMSC and iMSC2 showed enhanced osteogenesis(runt-related transcription factor 2;P≤0.01 and P≤0.0001,respectively),while adipogenic potential was reduced in iMSC2(Adipsin;P≤0.01)and EB-iMSC(Adipsin and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma;P≤0.0001 and P≤0.01,respectively).Proliferation was comparable or superior to bone marrow MSCs,except in iMSC1,with iMSC4 showing the highest rate(MTT assay;P values ranged from 0.01 to 0.001).Despite reduced mitochondrial health in iMSC3 and iMSC4(P≤0.001),reactive oxygen species levels were lower in all iMSCs(P values ranged from 0.001 to 0.0001),and senescence was significantly reduced in all iMSCs with the exception of iMSC1(P values ranged from 0.01 to 0.0001).Migration was most reduced in iMSC4(P≤0.001 at 24 hours and P≤0.0001 at 48 hours).CONCLUSION While all protocols generated functional iMSCs,variations in differentiation,proliferation,and function emphasize the impact of protocol selection.These findings contribute to optimizing iMSC generation for research and clinical applications.
文摘随着汽车智能化、网联化、共享化、电动化的发展,汽车软件迭代频繁且车内通信数据激增,传统总线无法满足需求,需引入以太网通信。远程在线升级(Over the Air,OTA)需告知用户升级内容,涉及大量数据传输,故采用基于以太网的IP面向服务可扩展通信协议(SOME/IP)。本文结合OTA升级功能,介绍基于SOME/IP协议的开发流程与方法,为车载以太网网络开发提供指导。
