The compositions and contents of soluble sugars highly determine the flavor and quality of fleshy fruits.In the present study,we found that the overexpression of transcription factor MdWRKY126 localized on the nucleus...The compositions and contents of soluble sugars highly determine the flavor and quality of fleshy fruits.In the present study,we found that the overexpression of transcription factor MdWRKY126 localized on the nucleus enhanced sucrose concentration while decreased fructose and glucose concentration in transgenic apple calli and ripening tomato fruits.To comprehensively understand the effects of the MdWRKY126 on the content of various soluble sugars in apple and tomato fruits,enzyme activities and related essential genes associated with the sugar metabolism and transportation pathway in MdWRKY126-overrexpressed apple and tomato lines were analyzed.The results indicated that the overexpression of MdWRKY126 upregulated sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)activity and the gene expression levels of SPS and sucrose transporter SUT,which was conducive to a large accumulation of sucrose in fruit cells.Meanwhile,MdWRKY126 overexpression downregulated the activity of enzymes involved in sucrose decomposition including cell wall invertase(CWINV),sucrose synthase(SUSY)and the corresponding gene expressions,as well as inhibited the expression levels of hexose transporter(HTs)and tonoplast sugar transporter(TSTs)that transport hexose into vacuoles,resulting in a reduced hexose level in apple calli and tomato fruit.These findings enrich our understanding of the metabolism and regulation of soluble sugars in apple fruits.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber(SDF)from apple pomace.[Methods]Soluble dietary fiber(SDF)from apple pomace was extracted by di...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber(SDF)from apple pomace.[Methods]Soluble dietary fiber(SDF)from apple pomace was extracted by direct water extraction(W),lactic acid bacteria fermentation(F)and steam explosion(SE)respectively,and the extraction methods and physicochemical and functional characteristics were compared and analyzed.[Results]The solubility,water holding capacities,oil holding capacities and swelling capacities of W-SDF,F-SDF and SE-SDF were(2.13,3.95 and 5.13 g/g),(9.02,13.75 and 15.88 g/g),(2.13,4.08 and 5.11 g/g),and(10.82,14.03 and 15.77 ml/g),respectively.Their emulsifying activity,emulsifying stability and least gelation concentration were(30.28,47.95 and 58.72 ml/100 ml),(37.88,45.25 and 57.13 ml/100 ml),and(12.11,11.25 and 9.87%),respectively.The adsorption capacities of W-SDF,F-SDF and SE-SDF for heavy metals(Pb,As and Cu)in the intestinal environment(pH 7)were(162.7,183.5 and 197.3μmol/g),(132.8,156.7 and 168.9μmol/g),and(57.2,63.5 and 89.2μmol/g)respectively.In the gastric environment(pH 2),they were(72.8,110.5,138.9μmol/g),(82.1,112.5,135.7μmol/g),and(38.9,42.7,55.1μmol/g)respectively.[Conclusions]The study can provide a theoretical basis for functional modification and comprehensive utilization of dietary fiber from apple pomace.展开更多
Objective:Soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH)emerges as a target of interest for inflammatory diseases.Piperine is a natural amide alkaloid from Piper nigrum and displays an inhibitory effect toward sEH,its chemical struct...Objective:Soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH)emerges as a target of interest for inflammatory diseases.Piperine is a natural amide alkaloid from Piper nigrum and displays an inhibitory effect toward sEH,its chemical structural transformation was carried out in order to obtain a library of sEH inhibitors based on its skeleton.Methods:Structural transformation of piperine was carried out by chemical methods,and piperine derivatives were assayed for their sEH potentials.A mouse acute lung injury model was constructed by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,immunofluorescence staining,Western Blot,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used for investigating the protective potential of sEH inhibitor 11h.Results:Piperine derivatives 11e,11h,11j,and 11o showed inhibitory potentials toward sEH with values of half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)from 20 to 70 nM.Compound 11h attenuated the pathological course of LPS-mediated acute lung injury(ALI)in vivo.Furthermore,levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were decreased after administration of 11h.The LPS-mediated inflammation and redox unbalance,including expressions of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),p-p65/p65,glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit(GCLM),and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2(Nrf2),were ameliorated through nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)and Nrf2 pathways via enhancing levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)in LPS-exposed ALI mice after compound 11h treatment.Molecular docking demonstrated that the aromatic unsaturated group of 11h occupied a hydrophobic pocket and its urea group formed three hydrogen bonds with Asp333,Tyr381,and Tyr465,which stabilized the active conformation of the ligand.Conclusions:These findings demonstrated that compound 11h may serve as a lead compound for developing sEH inhibitors and treating inflammation related to diseases,such as ALI.展开更多
The hurdle technology for food preservation effectively addresses the limitations of individual antimicrobial technologies by integrating their strengths.It can not only prolong the storage time of food but also maint...The hurdle technology for food preservation effectively addresses the limitations of individual antimicrobial technologies by integrating their strengths.It can not only prolong the storage time of food but also maintains its high quality.In this study,three antimicrobial and bactericidal technologies,namely soluble gas stabilization(SGS),modified atmosphere packaging(MAP),and cold plasma(CP),were applied to chilled chicken breasts.The packaging,total viable count(TVC),and physicochemical properties of chilled chicken breasts after treatments and storage at 4℃were monitored.The microbial diversity at the initial and end points of the storage time of each group was also analyzed.The results indicated that a 3−5 h SGS treatment can effectively increase the proportion of carbon dioxide in the MAP during the storage process of chilled chicken breasts,thereby alleviating the packaging collapse problem.Simultaneously,the effect of SGS,MAP,and CP combinational treatments significantly extended the storage time of chilled chicken breasts while maintaining the physicochemical qualities of samples.Compared to the control group,the TVC of chicken breast treated with SGS,MAP,and CP treatments decreased by 0.58(lg(CFU/g))at 0 day.The shelf life was extended by 5 days.After 8 days,the total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N)was 26.67 vs.19.50 mg/100 g,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)was 0.99 vs.0.72 mg MDA/kg,and TVC was 8.22 vs.6.52(lg(CFU/g)).High-throughput sequencing results showed that SGS and MAP treatments significantly reduce the proportion of Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter,which are sensitive to carbon dioxide,in the total bacterial genera.This study underscores the potential of integrating multiple antimicrobial technologies for effective food preservation.展开更多
Methane(CH_(4))has a higher heat capacity(104.9 kcal/mol)than carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and this has inspired research aimed at reducing methane levels to retard global warming.Hydroxylation under ambient conditions thro...Methane(CH_(4))has a higher heat capacity(104.9 kcal/mol)than carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and this has inspired research aimed at reducing methane levels to retard global warming.Hydroxylation under ambient conditions through methanotrophs can provide crucial information for understanding the harsh C-H activation of methane.Soluble methane monooxygenase(sMMO)belongs to the bacterial multi-component monooxygenase superfamily and requires hydroxylase(MMOH),regulatory(MMOB),and reductase(MMOR)components.Recent structural and biophysical studies have demonstrated that these components accelerate and retard methane hydroxylation in MMOH through protein-protein interactions.Complex structures of sMMO,including MMOH-MMOB and MMOH-MMOD,illustrate how these regulatory and inhibitory components orchestrate the di-iron active sites located within the four-helix bundles of MMOH,specifically at the docking surface known as the canyon region.In addition,recent biophysical studies have demonstrated the role of MmoR,aσ54-dependent transcriptional regulator,in regulating sMMO expression.This perspective article introduces remarkable discoveries in recent reports on sMMO components that are crucial for understanding sMMO expression and activities.Our findings provide insight into how sMMO components interact with MMOH to control methane hydroxylation,shedding light on the mechanisms governing sMMO expression and the interactions between activating enzymes and promoters.展开更多
Ceramic cores are key components in the production of castings with complex cavity structures. With the continuous development of the aerospace field, the demand for the castings with complex cavity structures is incr...Ceramic cores are key components in the production of castings with complex cavity structures. With the continuous development of the aerospace field, the demand for the castings with complex cavity structures is increasing. When using insoluble ceramic cores for casting, there is a significant challenge in removing complex blind cavities, which severely affects the completeness of the shape of the castings. Soluble ceramic cores can disintegrate when placed in water, greatly simplifying the removal process of cores and ensuring the complete formation of castings with complex cavity structures. Additive manufacturing technology, compared to traditional methods for preparing the soluble ceramic cores, does not require molds and can achieve direct forming of complex cores, simplifying the preparation process and reducing production time and costs. Nowadays, various additive manufacturing technologies, such as stereolithography(SL), selective laser sintering(SLS), direct ink writing(DIW), and binder jetting(BJ) technologies, have been successfully applied to the preparation of the ceramic cores. This paper analyzed the advantages and limitations of various additive manufacturing technologies, reviewed the research progress and raw material classifications of soluble ceramic cores prepared by these technologies, and looked forward to the future developments in the preparation of soluble ceramic cores using additive manufacturing technologies.展开更多
Dissolution of soluble soil,biodegradation of municipal solid waste(MSW),and internal erosion of gap-graded soil are typical mass loss processes of geomaterials,which result in various engineering problems.These three...Dissolution of soluble soil,biodegradation of municipal solid waste(MSW),and internal erosion of gap-graded soil are typical mass loss processes of geomaterials,which result in various engineering problems.These three processes are conceptually analogous and examined by a unified assessment of their behaviors considering the initial properties of geomaterials and testing conditions.This study collected additional data from twelve soil dissolution tests and five long-term MSW biodegradation tests.We then established a comprehensive mass loss behavior dataset based on the available studies and the supplementary data obtained from this study.In addition to the flow-reactive fraction,two initial volumetric properties are also critical,which are void ratio before mass loss(esolid,0)and inert-to-reactive size ratio.A characteristic parameter(Λ),describing the ratio between the change in voids volume and the change in flow-reactive solids volume,is correlated with the strain and change in esolid.The volumetric and structural changes of all the flow-reactive geomaterials are categorized into Λ=−1 for pseudo-stable,−1≤Λ<0 for collapsible,0≤Λ<esolid,0 for hyper-collapsible,and Λ≥esolid,0 for readily densified.A three-dimensional plot constructed by the three critical initial properties is divided into eight zones based on the differentΛvalues,which correspond to distinct mass loss behaviors.The a priori Λ estimation and corresponding zonation for a wide variety of flow-reactive geomaterials is shown to be beneficial for research and practice.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent malignancies in elderly populations,and chemotherapy resistance remains a critical clinical challenge.Emerging evidence highlights the interplay between ...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent malignancies in elderly populations,and chemotherapy resistance remains a critical clinical challenge.Emerging evidence highlights the interplay between chronic inflammation,gut microbiome dysbiosis,and CRC progression.Proinflammatory cytokines[e.g.,interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)]and mediators like S100 calcium-binding protein A12(S100A12)/soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products(sRAGE)are implicated in tumorigenesis,while gut microbial imbalances may exacerbate inflammatory microenvironments conducive to che-motherapy resistance.However,the triad relationship between S100A12/sRAGE,gut microbiota profiles,and chemotherapy efficacy in elderly patients with CRC remains unexplored,limiting biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies.AIM To analyze the correlation between serum levels of S100A12,sRAGE,gut microbiome dysbiosis,and systemic inflammation in elderly patients with CRC and to assess their predictive value for chemotherapy efficacy.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 120 elderly patients with advanced-stage CRC who visited our hospital from August 2023 to May 2024.These patients were enrolled in the study group.Additionally,120 healthy individuals undergoing routine health check-ups during the same period were selected as the control group.Serum S100A12,sRAGE,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels were measured by ELISA,and fresh stool samples were collected before chemotherapy to analyze gut microbiome composition in the study group.Follow-up observations were conducted after chemotherapy.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between serum S100A12,sRAGE levels,and gut microbiome dysbiosis in patients with CRC.The predictive diagnostic value of pre-chemotherapy serum S100A12 and sRAGE levels for chemotherapy efficacy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS Pre-chemotherapy serum S100A12,sRAGE,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels were significantly elevated in patients with CRC vs controls(all P<0.05).These biomarkers progressively increased with microbiota dysbiosis severity(severe vs mild dysbiosis:S100A12:340.26±52.39μg/L vs 302.53±56.97μg/L;sRAGE:525.64±37.32 ng/L vs 441.38±48.73 ng/L,P<0.05)and correlated strongly with IL-6(r=0.712)and TNF-α(r=0.698).Post-chemotherapy,biomarker levels decreased(P<0.05),coinciding with beneficial microbiota recovery(Bifidobacterium 176%,Lactobacillus 153%)and pathogenic taxa reduction(Escherichia coli 62%).The combined S100A12/sRAGE model predicted chemotherapy resistance with an area under the curve of 0.914(sensitivity=86.07%,specificity=88.89%),outper-forming individual biomarkers.CONCLUSION Elevated serum S100A12 and sRAGE in elderly patients with CRC reflected gut microbiome dysbiosis and systemic inflammation,driven by IL-6/TNF-αsignaling.Their post-chemotherapy decline parallels microbiota restoration,supporting a microbiome-inflammation-biomarker axis.The combined biomarker model offers robust clinical utility for chemotherapy efficacy prediction and personalized therapeutic strategies.展开更多
The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a significant global health concern,affecting millions of individuals each year.Accurate diagnosis of acute CVD poses a formidable challenge,as misdiagnosis ca...The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a significant global health concern,affecting millions of individuals each year.Accurate diagnosis of acute CVD poses a formidable challenge,as misdiagnosis can significantly decrease patient survival rates.Traditional biomarkers have played a vital role in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVDs,but they can be influenced by various factors,such as age,sex,and renal function.Soluble ST2(sST2)is a novel biomarker that is closely associated with different CVDs.Its low reference change value makes it suitable for continuous measurement,unaffected by age,kidney function,and other confounding factors,facilitating risk stratification of CVDs.Furthermore,the combination of sST2 with other biomarkers can enhance diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of sST2,focusing on its diagnostic and prognostic value as a myocardial marker for different types of CVDs and discussing the current limitations of sST2.展开更多
Myocardial ischemia is a serious threat to human health,and vascular dysfunction is its main cause.Buxu Tongyu(BXTY)Granule is an effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for treating myocardial ischemia.However,the...Myocardial ischemia is a serious threat to human health,and vascular dysfunction is its main cause.Buxu Tongyu(BXTY)Granule is an effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for treating myocardial ischemia.However,the underlying mechanism of BXTY is still unclear.In this study,we demonstrate that BXTY ameliorates myocardial ischemia by activating the soluble guanylate cyclase(sGC)-30,50-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)-protein kinase G(PKG)signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)to dilate the arteries.BXTY was given by gavage for ten consecutive days before establishing an animal model of acute myocardial ischemia in mice via the intraperitoneal injection of pituitrin.The results showed that BXTY alleviated the symptoms of myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in mice,including electrocardiogram abnormalities and changes in plasma enzymes.In addition,BXTY dilated pre-constricted blood vessels and inhibited the vasoconstriction of the superior mesenteric artery in a dose-dependent but endothelial-independent manner.These effects were eliminated by preincubating vascular rings with the sGC inhibitors NS 2028 or ODQ,or with the PKG inhibitor KT 5823.Moreover,BXTY increased the protein expression of sGC-b1 and the intracellular second messenger cGMP level in mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells(MOVAs).NS 2028 or ODQ reversed these effects of BXTY.The expression level of the cGMP downstream effector protein PKG-1 increased after treating MOVAs with BXTY.NS 2028,ODQ,or KT 5823 also reversed this effect of BXTY.In conclusion,BXTY can improve the symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia in mice,and activating the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway in VSMCs to induce vasodilation is its key pharmacodynamic mechanism.展开更多
BACKGROUND Recent advancements in nanomedicine have highlighted the potential of exosome(Ex)-based therapies,utilizing naturally derived nanoparticles,as a novel approach to targeted cancer treatment.AIM To explore th...BACKGROUND Recent advancements in nanomedicine have highlighted the potential of exosome(Ex)-based therapies,utilizing naturally derived nanoparticles,as a novel approach to targeted cancer treatment.AIM To explore the targetability and anticancer effectiveness of small interfering peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 RNA(siPIN1)-loaded soluble a proliferation-inducing ligand(sAPRIL)-targeted Exs(designated as tEx[p])in the treatment of colon cancer models.METHODS tEx was generated by harvesting conditioned media from adipose-derived stem cells that had undergone transformation using pDisplay vectors encoding sAPRIL-binding peptide sequences.Subsequently,tEx[p]were created by incorporating PIN1 siRNA into the tEx using the Exofect kit.The therapeutic efficacy of these Exs was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo models of colon cancer.RESULTS The tEx[p]group exhibited superior anticancer effects in comparison to other groups,including tEx,Ex[p],and Ex,demonstrated by the smallest tumor size,the slowest tumor growth rate,and the lightest weight of the excised tumors observed in the tEx[p]group(P<0.05).Moreover,analyses of the excised tumor tissues,using western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining,revealed that tEx[p]treatment resulted in the highest increase in Ecadherin expression and the most significant reduction in the mesenchymal markers Vimentin and Snail(P<0.05),suggesting a more effective inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition tEx[p],likely due to the enhanced delivery of siPIN1.CONCLUSION The use of bioengineered Exs targeting sAPRIL and containing siPIN1 demonstrated superior efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition,highlighting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.展开更多
Bai-Hua-She-She-Cao Hedyotis diffusa Willd. (Ru-biaceae) is a medicinal herbwidely distributed in northeast Asian countries. In traditional Chinese medicine, it has the effectof 'clearing away heat and toxic mater...Bai-Hua-She-She-Cao Hedyotis diffusa Willd. (Ru-biaceae) is a medicinal herbwidely distributed in northeast Asian countries. In traditional Chinese medicine, it has the effectof 'clearing away heat and toxic material, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis'.It is a well known Chinese folk-medicine used for the treatment of appendicitis, sore throat, mumps,acne, sebo-rheic dermatitis and various kinds of tumors, such as tumors of digestive tract,carcinoma of liver. It was reported that the MeOH extract of H. diffusa demonstrated a significantantitumor activity and ursolic acid succeeded in being isolated from the MeOH extract as an activecomponent . Shan BN, et al suggested that the direct aqueous extract of H. diffusa hadimmuno-modulating activity and antitumor activity in vitro through stimulating the immune system tokill or engulf tumor cells. But regarding anti-tumor activity in vivo of water soluble extracts fromH. diffusa, no detail was reported. Therefore, we prepared water soluble extracts (H_1 and H_2)from H. diffusa and evaluated their anti-tumor property in vivo experiments as well as protectiveeffect on chemo-therapeutic damage.展开更多
Populus tomentosa seedlings used for cold acclimation at -3℃ were pretreated with or without 10?mmol·L -1 CaCl 2, 3?mmol·L -1 of Ca 2+ chelator EGTA, 0 1?mmol·L -1 of Ca 2+ ...Populus tomentosa seedlings used for cold acclimation at -3℃ were pretreated with or without 10?mmol·L -1 CaCl 2, 3?mmol·L -1 of Ca 2+ chelator EGTA, 0 1?mmol·L -1 of Ca 2+ channel inhibitor LaCl 3,and 0 05?mmol·L -1 of CaM antagonist CPZ. The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and CaM, and freezing resistance in all pretreated seedlings in various periods ( viz: following cold acclimation, chilling stress and recovery) were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation increased the contents of total soluble protein and CaM, and freezing resistance of seedlings, which could be strongly reduced by the pretreatments of EGTA CPZ and LaCl 3 Cold acclimation combined with CaCl 2 pretreatment enhanced the effect of cold acclimation on freezing resistance, and obviously increased the contents of total soluble protein and CaM, reduced the declining degree of the contents of total soluble protein and CaM caused by chilling stress as compared with cold acclimation, augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and CaM during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that an increase in total soluble protein content during cold acclimation with or without CaCl 2 pretreatment mainly resulted from the increase in content of heat stable protein in total soluble protein. It is suggested that Ca 2+ calmodulin may be involved in the synthesis of total soluble protein, and the induction of freezing resistance of seedlings.展开更多
Pervoskite type oxides LaCoO 3 was prepared by citrate method with the granula of 20 nm-30 nm. With a fluorescent Hg lamp or sunlight as irradiator, the degradation experiments of various water soluble dyes we...Pervoskite type oxides LaCoO 3 was prepared by citrate method with the granula of 20 nm-30 nm. With a fluorescent Hg lamp or sunlight as irradiator, the degradation experiments of various water soluble dyes were carried out in the suspension system of LaCoO 3 . The results show that the pervoskite type oxide LaCoO 3 has good photocatalytic activity.Studied by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectra, its photocatalytic activity is found to be related with factors such as the d electron structure of ion Co 3+ ,Co—O binding energy and adsorbed oxygen on the surface etc.展开更多
The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress an...The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress and the recovery after chilling stress), and the survival rate and the freezing resistance of cuttings during cold acclimation at -3℃ were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation not only increased the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the survival rates and the freezing resistance of cuttings, decreased the activity of RNase, but also reduced the declining degree of total soluble protein and RNA contents, and the increasing level of RNase caused by chilling stress as compared with the controls. In addition, cold acclimation augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and RNA, and facilitated the decrease of RNase during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that the DNA content of all treatments kept relative stability at various periods. The changes in total soluble protein, RNA and RNase were closely related to the freezing resistance of cuttings. It appears that the increase of RNA content caused by cold acclimation induced decrease of RNase activity may be involved in the accumulation of total soluble protein and the induction of freezing resistance of cuttings.展开更多
Insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)and soluble dietary fiber(SDF)extracted from wheat bran were modifi ed by snail enzyme and their physicochemical properties(water retention capacity and oil retention capacity),functional p...Insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)and soluble dietary fiber(SDF)extracted from wheat bran were modifi ed by snail enzyme and their physicochemical properties(water retention capacity and oil retention capacity),functional properties(cholesterol adsorption capacity,glucose adsorption capacity and antioxidant activity)and structural characterizations were evaluated.The results showed that snail enzyme modification led to the significant increase in oil retention capacity of IDF,glucose adsorption capacity and cholesterol adsorption capacity of IDF and SDF.Enzymatic modification also markedly improved the DPPH radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of IDF and SDF.Meanwhile,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis indicated the microstructures of IDF and SDF powders were signifi cantly changed.Fourier transfer-infrared spectrometry(FT-IR)showed that snail enzyme modifi cation could degrade the part of cellulose and hemicellulose of IDF and SDF.All these improved physicochemical and functional properties of IDF and SDF might depend on their structural changes.It suggested that snail enzyme modifi cation could effectively improve physicochemical and functional properties of IDF and SDF from wheat bran.展开更多
Inhaled atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5)includes soluble and insoluble fractions,and each fraction can interact with cells and cause adverse effects.PM2.5 samples were collected in Jinan,China,and the solubl...Inhaled atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5)includes soluble and insoluble fractions,and each fraction can interact with cells and cause adverse effects.PM2.5 samples were collected in Jinan,China,and the soluble and insoluble fractions were separated.According to physiochemical characterization,the soluble fraction mainly contains watersoluble ions and organic acids,and the insoluble fraction mainly contains kaolinite,calcium carbonate and some organic carbon.The interaction between PM2.5 and model cell membranes was examined with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D)to quantify PM2.5 attachment on membranes and membrane disruption.The cytotoxicity of the total PM2.5 and the soluble and insoluble fractions,was investigated.Negatively charged PM2.5 can adhere to the positively charged membranes and disrupt them.PM2.5also adheres to negatively charged membranes but does not cause membrane rupture.Therefore,electrostatic repulsion does not prevent PM2.5 attachment,but electrostatic attraction induces remarkable membrane rupture.The human lung epithelial cell line A549 was used for cytotoxicity assessment.The detected membrane leakage,cellular swelling and blebbing indicated a cell necrosis process.Moreover,the insoluble PM2.5 fraction caused a higher cell mortality and more serious cell membrane damage than the soluble fraction.The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)enhanced by the two fractions were not significantly different.The findings provide more information to better understand the mechanism of PM2.5 cytotoxicity and the effect of PM2.5 solubility on cytotoxicity.展开更多
Total soluble proteins of different life stages, filamentous sporophytes cultivated in high temperatures, and blade gametophytes harvested in different seasons, were identified by SDS-PAGE. The types and amounts of ex...Total soluble proteins of different life stages, filamentous sporophytes cultivated in high temperatures, and blade gametophytes harvested in different seasons, were identified by SDS-PAGE. The types and amounts of expressed proteins also varied amongst the samples. The fewest soluble proteins were present in filamentous sporophytes. There were more types and amounts of soluble protein in conchospores than in filamentous sporophytes, but fewer than in bulgy sporophytes. More types of protein were detected in filamentous sporophytes cultivated in high temperatures than in those growing in normal situations. The most types and amounts of protein were found in blade gametophytes in all samples. Blade gametophytes harvested last year and stored at -20 ℃ showed only minor differences in expression of proteins when compared with those harvested in different seasons.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and production of peach.[Method] The three-year-old seedling peach tree was used as the materials,and NH4NO3 was used as the experimental...[Objective] The research aimed to provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and production of peach.[Method] The three-year-old seedling peach tree was used as the materials,and NH4NO3 was used as the experimental nitrogen fertilizer.Three nitrogen levels,0,3,6 g per pot respectively were set to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer on the contents of soluble sugar,starch and internal structure of the root of the peaches.[Result] The contents of soluble sugar of roots and leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level,and the level of 6 g per pot was the highest,which showed extreme differences between the level of 3 g per pot and the control.However,starch contents showed opposite results,which decreased as the level of nitrogen fertilizer increased.Compared with the 3 g per pot level of nitrogen fertilizer and the control,the internal structure of root applied with nitrogen fertilizer of 6 g per pot level had larger fibrovascularcylinder,advanced vascular bundle,small-spaced thin-walled cells,smooth and full cells with smooth cell wall.[Conclusion]Appropriate nitrogen levels can accelerate the accumulation of soluble sugar and the growth of root tissue structure.展开更多
Soluble organic nitrogen （SON） is recognized as a sensitive indicator of soil nitrogen status. The present work was conducted in the temperate forests of northeast China where soils are typically characterized by hi...Soluble organic nitrogen （SON） is recognized as a sensitive indicator of soil nitrogen status. The present work was conducted in the temperate forests of northeast China where soils are typically characterized by high organic matter and high organic nitrogen content, and soil sampling was made in early spring just after the freeze-thaw period. The water extracted SON pools in the organic layer of forest soils were measured within the range from 156.0 mg·kg^-1 to 292.6 mg·kg^-1, a similar magnitude of salt solution extracted SON pools reported in literatures. However, the water soluble SON pools in 0-15 cm mineral soils in present study were much higher （3-10 times） than any other reports, ranging from 58.6 mg·kg^-1 to 125.2 mg·kg^-1. Water soluble SON varied markedly among the soils under different forests and at different sites. The SON in water extracts were positively and significantly correlated to soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents, but negatively correlated to microbial biomass nitrogen （MBN）. The reasons of the abnormally large SON pools and the negative correlations between SON and MBN in the 0-15cm mineral soils in this study were specially discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172521)the Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.YQ2023C006)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023MD744175)the Talent Introduction Programof Northeast Agricultural University of China,and the Collaborative Innovation System of the Agricultural Bioeconomy in Heilongjiang Province,China.
文摘The compositions and contents of soluble sugars highly determine the flavor and quality of fleshy fruits.In the present study,we found that the overexpression of transcription factor MdWRKY126 localized on the nucleus enhanced sucrose concentration while decreased fructose and glucose concentration in transgenic apple calli and ripening tomato fruits.To comprehensively understand the effects of the MdWRKY126 on the content of various soluble sugars in apple and tomato fruits,enzyme activities and related essential genes associated with the sugar metabolism and transportation pathway in MdWRKY126-overrexpressed apple and tomato lines were analyzed.The results indicated that the overexpression of MdWRKY126 upregulated sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)activity and the gene expression levels of SPS and sucrose transporter SUT,which was conducive to a large accumulation of sucrose in fruit cells.Meanwhile,MdWRKY126 overexpression downregulated the activity of enzymes involved in sucrose decomposition including cell wall invertase(CWINV),sucrose synthase(SUSY)and the corresponding gene expressions,as well as inhibited the expression levels of hexose transporter(HTs)and tonoplast sugar transporter(TSTs)that transport hexose into vacuoles,resulting in a reduced hexose level in apple calli and tomato fruit.These findings enrich our understanding of the metabolism and regulation of soluble sugars in apple fruits.
基金Supported by High-end Talent Project of Hebei ProvinceTangshan Talent Funding Project(B202302006).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber(SDF)from apple pomace.[Methods]Soluble dietary fiber(SDF)from apple pomace was extracted by direct water extraction(W),lactic acid bacteria fermentation(F)and steam explosion(SE)respectively,and the extraction methods and physicochemical and functional characteristics were compared and analyzed.[Results]The solubility,water holding capacities,oil holding capacities and swelling capacities of W-SDF,F-SDF and SE-SDF were(2.13,3.95 and 5.13 g/g),(9.02,13.75 and 15.88 g/g),(2.13,4.08 and 5.11 g/g),and(10.82,14.03 and 15.77 ml/g),respectively.Their emulsifying activity,emulsifying stability and least gelation concentration were(30.28,47.95 and 58.72 ml/100 ml),(37.88,45.25 and 57.13 ml/100 ml),and(12.11,11.25 and 9.87%),respectively.The adsorption capacities of W-SDF,F-SDF and SE-SDF for heavy metals(Pb,As and Cu)in the intestinal environment(pH 7)were(162.7,183.5 and 197.3μmol/g),(132.8,156.7 and 168.9μmol/g),and(57.2,63.5 and 89.2μmol/g)respectively.In the gastric environment(pH 2),they were(72.8,110.5,138.9μmol/g),(82.1,112.5,135.7μmol/g),and(38.9,42.7,55.1μmol/g)respectively.[Conclusions]The study can provide a theoretical basis for functional modification and comprehensive utilization of dietary fiber from apple pomace.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274069 and 82003580)Shenzhen science and technology research and development funds(JCYJ20190808171803553 and 2022071718149001)+4 种基金Young Scientific and Technological Talents(Level Two)in Tianjin(QN20230212)Tianjin Education Commission Research Program Project(2024KJ004)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association of Chinese Medicine(2022-QNRC2-B09)“1+X”Research Project of the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University(2024JJ11PT005)Eaglet Plan Project of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(XJS2024101)。
文摘Objective:Soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH)emerges as a target of interest for inflammatory diseases.Piperine is a natural amide alkaloid from Piper nigrum and displays an inhibitory effect toward sEH,its chemical structural transformation was carried out in order to obtain a library of sEH inhibitors based on its skeleton.Methods:Structural transformation of piperine was carried out by chemical methods,and piperine derivatives were assayed for their sEH potentials.A mouse acute lung injury model was constructed by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,immunofluorescence staining,Western Blot,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used for investigating the protective potential of sEH inhibitor 11h.Results:Piperine derivatives 11e,11h,11j,and 11o showed inhibitory potentials toward sEH with values of half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)from 20 to 70 nM.Compound 11h attenuated the pathological course of LPS-mediated acute lung injury(ALI)in vivo.Furthermore,levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were decreased after administration of 11h.The LPS-mediated inflammation and redox unbalance,including expressions of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),p-p65/p65,glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit(GCLM),and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2(Nrf2),were ameliorated through nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)and Nrf2 pathways via enhancing levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)in LPS-exposed ALI mice after compound 11h treatment.Molecular docking demonstrated that the aromatic unsaturated group of 11h occupied a hydrophobic pocket and its urea group formed three hydrogen bonds with Asp333,Tyr381,and Tyr465,which stabilized the active conformation of the ligand.Conclusions:These findings demonstrated that compound 11h may serve as a lead compound for developing sEH inhibitors and treating inflammation related to diseases,such as ALI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272252)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-41)funded by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Wens Fifth Five R&D Major Project(WENS-2020-1-ZDZX-007).
文摘The hurdle technology for food preservation effectively addresses the limitations of individual antimicrobial technologies by integrating their strengths.It can not only prolong the storage time of food but also maintains its high quality.In this study,three antimicrobial and bactericidal technologies,namely soluble gas stabilization(SGS),modified atmosphere packaging(MAP),and cold plasma(CP),were applied to chilled chicken breasts.The packaging,total viable count(TVC),and physicochemical properties of chilled chicken breasts after treatments and storage at 4℃were monitored.The microbial diversity at the initial and end points of the storage time of each group was also analyzed.The results indicated that a 3−5 h SGS treatment can effectively increase the proportion of carbon dioxide in the MAP during the storage process of chilled chicken breasts,thereby alleviating the packaging collapse problem.Simultaneously,the effect of SGS,MAP,and CP combinational treatments significantly extended the storage time of chilled chicken breasts while maintaining the physicochemical qualities of samples.Compared to the control group,the TVC of chicken breast treated with SGS,MAP,and CP treatments decreased by 0.58(lg(CFU/g))at 0 day.The shelf life was extended by 5 days.After 8 days,the total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N)was 26.67 vs.19.50 mg/100 g,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)was 0.99 vs.0.72 mg MDA/kg,and TVC was 8.22 vs.6.52(lg(CFU/g)).High-throughput sequencing results showed that SGS and MAP treatments significantly reduce the proportion of Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter,which are sensitive to carbon dioxide,in the total bacterial genera.This study underscores the potential of integrating multiple antimicrobial technologies for effective food preservation.
基金This research was supported by"Regional Innovation Strategy"(2023RIS-008)and"C1 Gas Refinery Program"(NRF-2015M3D3D3A1A01064876)through the National Research Foundation of Koreafunded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2017R1A6A1A03015876).
文摘Methane(CH_(4))has a higher heat capacity(104.9 kcal/mol)than carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and this has inspired research aimed at reducing methane levels to retard global warming.Hydroxylation under ambient conditions through methanotrophs can provide crucial information for understanding the harsh C-H activation of methane.Soluble methane monooxygenase(sMMO)belongs to the bacterial multi-component monooxygenase superfamily and requires hydroxylase(MMOH),regulatory(MMOB),and reductase(MMOR)components.Recent structural and biophysical studies have demonstrated that these components accelerate and retard methane hydroxylation in MMOH through protein-protein interactions.Complex structures of sMMO,including MMOH-MMOB and MMOH-MMOD,illustrate how these regulatory and inhibitory components orchestrate the di-iron active sites located within the four-helix bundles of MMOH,specifically at the docking surface known as the canyon region.In addition,recent biophysical studies have demonstrated the role of MmoR,aσ54-dependent transcriptional regulator,in regulating sMMO expression.This perspective article introduces remarkable discoveries in recent reports on sMMO components that are crucial for understanding sMMO expression and activities.Our findings provide insight into how sMMO components interact with MMOH to control methane hydroxylation,shedding light on the mechanisms governing sMMO expression and the interactions between activating enzymes and promoters.
基金provided by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program (Grant No.JCKY2022213C008)。
文摘Ceramic cores are key components in the production of castings with complex cavity structures. With the continuous development of the aerospace field, the demand for the castings with complex cavity structures is increasing. When using insoluble ceramic cores for casting, there is a significant challenge in removing complex blind cavities, which severely affects the completeness of the shape of the castings. Soluble ceramic cores can disintegrate when placed in water, greatly simplifying the removal process of cores and ensuring the complete formation of castings with complex cavity structures. Additive manufacturing technology, compared to traditional methods for preparing the soluble ceramic cores, does not require molds and can achieve direct forming of complex cores, simplifying the preparation process and reducing production time and costs. Nowadays, various additive manufacturing technologies, such as stereolithography(SL), selective laser sintering(SLS), direct ink writing(DIW), and binder jetting(BJ) technologies, have been successfully applied to the preparation of the ceramic cores. This paper analyzed the advantages and limitations of various additive manufacturing technologies, reviewed the research progress and raw material classifications of soluble ceramic cores prepared by these technologies, and looked forward to the future developments in the preparation of soluble ceramic cores using additive manufacturing technologies.
基金Nanyang Technological University(NTU,Singapore)and Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute for the financial support and scholarships of this research.
文摘Dissolution of soluble soil,biodegradation of municipal solid waste(MSW),and internal erosion of gap-graded soil are typical mass loss processes of geomaterials,which result in various engineering problems.These three processes are conceptually analogous and examined by a unified assessment of their behaviors considering the initial properties of geomaterials and testing conditions.This study collected additional data from twelve soil dissolution tests and five long-term MSW biodegradation tests.We then established a comprehensive mass loss behavior dataset based on the available studies and the supplementary data obtained from this study.In addition to the flow-reactive fraction,two initial volumetric properties are also critical,which are void ratio before mass loss(esolid,0)and inert-to-reactive size ratio.A characteristic parameter(Λ),describing the ratio between the change in voids volume and the change in flow-reactive solids volume,is correlated with the strain and change in esolid.The volumetric and structural changes of all the flow-reactive geomaterials are categorized into Λ=−1 for pseudo-stable,−1≤Λ<0 for collapsible,0≤Λ<esolid,0 for hyper-collapsible,and Λ≥esolid,0 for readily densified.A three-dimensional plot constructed by the three critical initial properties is divided into eight zones based on the differentΛvalues,which correspond to distinct mass loss behaviors.The a priori Λ estimation and corresponding zonation for a wide variety of flow-reactive geomaterials is shown to be beneficial for research and practice.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent malignancies in elderly populations,and chemotherapy resistance remains a critical clinical challenge.Emerging evidence highlights the interplay between chronic inflammation,gut microbiome dysbiosis,and CRC progression.Proinflammatory cytokines[e.g.,interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)]and mediators like S100 calcium-binding protein A12(S100A12)/soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products(sRAGE)are implicated in tumorigenesis,while gut microbial imbalances may exacerbate inflammatory microenvironments conducive to che-motherapy resistance.However,the triad relationship between S100A12/sRAGE,gut microbiota profiles,and chemotherapy efficacy in elderly patients with CRC remains unexplored,limiting biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies.AIM To analyze the correlation between serum levels of S100A12,sRAGE,gut microbiome dysbiosis,and systemic inflammation in elderly patients with CRC and to assess their predictive value for chemotherapy efficacy.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 120 elderly patients with advanced-stage CRC who visited our hospital from August 2023 to May 2024.These patients were enrolled in the study group.Additionally,120 healthy individuals undergoing routine health check-ups during the same period were selected as the control group.Serum S100A12,sRAGE,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels were measured by ELISA,and fresh stool samples were collected before chemotherapy to analyze gut microbiome composition in the study group.Follow-up observations were conducted after chemotherapy.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between serum S100A12,sRAGE levels,and gut microbiome dysbiosis in patients with CRC.The predictive diagnostic value of pre-chemotherapy serum S100A12 and sRAGE levels for chemotherapy efficacy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS Pre-chemotherapy serum S100A12,sRAGE,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels were significantly elevated in patients with CRC vs controls(all P<0.05).These biomarkers progressively increased with microbiota dysbiosis severity(severe vs mild dysbiosis:S100A12:340.26±52.39μg/L vs 302.53±56.97μg/L;sRAGE:525.64±37.32 ng/L vs 441.38±48.73 ng/L,P<0.05)and correlated strongly with IL-6(r=0.712)and TNF-α(r=0.698).Post-chemotherapy,biomarker levels decreased(P<0.05),coinciding with beneficial microbiota recovery(Bifidobacterium 176%,Lactobacillus 153%)and pathogenic taxa reduction(Escherichia coli 62%).The combined S100A12/sRAGE model predicted chemotherapy resistance with an area under the curve of 0.914(sensitivity=86.07%,specificity=88.89%),outper-forming individual biomarkers.CONCLUSION Elevated serum S100A12 and sRAGE in elderly patients with CRC reflected gut microbiome dysbiosis and systemic inflammation,driven by IL-6/TNF-αsignaling.Their post-chemotherapy decline parallels microbiota restoration,supporting a microbiome-inflammation-biomarker axis.The combined biomarker model offers robust clinical utility for chemotherapy efficacy prediction and personalized therapeutic strategies.
文摘The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a significant global health concern,affecting millions of individuals each year.Accurate diagnosis of acute CVD poses a formidable challenge,as misdiagnosis can significantly decrease patient survival rates.Traditional biomarkers have played a vital role in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVDs,but they can be influenced by various factors,such as age,sex,and renal function.Soluble ST2(sST2)is a novel biomarker that is closely associated with different CVDs.Its low reference change value makes it suitable for continuous measurement,unaffected by age,kidney function,and other confounding factors,facilitating risk stratification of CVDs.Furthermore,the combination of sST2 with other biomarkers can enhance diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of sST2,focusing on its diagnostic and prognostic value as a myocardial marker for different types of CVDs and discussing the current limitations of sST2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870259,82170431,81903608,and U21A20339)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS+1 种基金2019-I2M-5-078)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Q20148).
文摘Myocardial ischemia is a serious threat to human health,and vascular dysfunction is its main cause.Buxu Tongyu(BXTY)Granule is an effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for treating myocardial ischemia.However,the underlying mechanism of BXTY is still unclear.In this study,we demonstrate that BXTY ameliorates myocardial ischemia by activating the soluble guanylate cyclase(sGC)-30,50-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)-protein kinase G(PKG)signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)to dilate the arteries.BXTY was given by gavage for ten consecutive days before establishing an animal model of acute myocardial ischemia in mice via the intraperitoneal injection of pituitrin.The results showed that BXTY alleviated the symptoms of myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in mice,including electrocardiogram abnormalities and changes in plasma enzymes.In addition,BXTY dilated pre-constricted blood vessels and inhibited the vasoconstriction of the superior mesenteric artery in a dose-dependent but endothelial-independent manner.These effects were eliminated by preincubating vascular rings with the sGC inhibitors NS 2028 or ODQ,or with the PKG inhibitor KT 5823.Moreover,BXTY increased the protein expression of sGC-b1 and the intracellular second messenger cGMP level in mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells(MOVAs).NS 2028 or ODQ reversed these effects of BXTY.The expression level of the cGMP downstream effector protein PKG-1 increased after treating MOVAs with BXTY.NS 2028,ODQ,or KT 5823 also reversed this effect of BXTY.In conclusion,BXTY can improve the symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia in mice,and activating the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway in VSMCs to induce vasodilation is its key pharmacodynamic mechanism.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea,No.NRF-2018R1D1A1B07047144.
文摘BACKGROUND Recent advancements in nanomedicine have highlighted the potential of exosome(Ex)-based therapies,utilizing naturally derived nanoparticles,as a novel approach to targeted cancer treatment.AIM To explore the targetability and anticancer effectiveness of small interfering peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 RNA(siPIN1)-loaded soluble a proliferation-inducing ligand(sAPRIL)-targeted Exs(designated as tEx[p])in the treatment of colon cancer models.METHODS tEx was generated by harvesting conditioned media from adipose-derived stem cells that had undergone transformation using pDisplay vectors encoding sAPRIL-binding peptide sequences.Subsequently,tEx[p]were created by incorporating PIN1 siRNA into the tEx using the Exofect kit.The therapeutic efficacy of these Exs was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo models of colon cancer.RESULTS The tEx[p]group exhibited superior anticancer effects in comparison to other groups,including tEx,Ex[p],and Ex,demonstrated by the smallest tumor size,the slowest tumor growth rate,and the lightest weight of the excised tumors observed in the tEx[p]group(P<0.05).Moreover,analyses of the excised tumor tissues,using western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining,revealed that tEx[p]treatment resulted in the highest increase in Ecadherin expression and the most significant reduction in the mesenchymal markers Vimentin and Snail(P<0.05),suggesting a more effective inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition tEx[p],likely due to the enhanced delivery of siPIN1.CONCLUSION The use of bioengineered Exs targeting sAPRIL and containing siPIN1 demonstrated superior efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition,highlighting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.
文摘Bai-Hua-She-She-Cao Hedyotis diffusa Willd. (Ru-biaceae) is a medicinal herbwidely distributed in northeast Asian countries. In traditional Chinese medicine, it has the effectof 'clearing away heat and toxic material, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis'.It is a well known Chinese folk-medicine used for the treatment of appendicitis, sore throat, mumps,acne, sebo-rheic dermatitis and various kinds of tumors, such as tumors of digestive tract,carcinoma of liver. It was reported that the MeOH extract of H. diffusa demonstrated a significantantitumor activity and ursolic acid succeeded in being isolated from the MeOH extract as an activecomponent . Shan BN, et al suggested that the direct aqueous extract of H. diffusa hadimmuno-modulating activity and antitumor activity in vitro through stimulating the immune system tokill or engulf tumor cells. But regarding anti-tumor activity in vivo of water soluble extracts fromH. diffusa, no detail was reported. Therefore, we prepared water soluble extracts (H_1 and H_2)from H. diffusa and evaluated their anti-tumor property in vivo experiments as well as protectiveeffect on chemo-therapeutic damage.
文摘Populus tomentosa seedlings used for cold acclimation at -3℃ were pretreated with or without 10?mmol·L -1 CaCl 2, 3?mmol·L -1 of Ca 2+ chelator EGTA, 0 1?mmol·L -1 of Ca 2+ channel inhibitor LaCl 3,and 0 05?mmol·L -1 of CaM antagonist CPZ. The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and CaM, and freezing resistance in all pretreated seedlings in various periods ( viz: following cold acclimation, chilling stress and recovery) were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation increased the contents of total soluble protein and CaM, and freezing resistance of seedlings, which could be strongly reduced by the pretreatments of EGTA CPZ and LaCl 3 Cold acclimation combined with CaCl 2 pretreatment enhanced the effect of cold acclimation on freezing resistance, and obviously increased the contents of total soluble protein and CaM, reduced the declining degree of the contents of total soluble protein and CaM caused by chilling stress as compared with cold acclimation, augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and CaM during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that an increase in total soluble protein content during cold acclimation with or without CaCl 2 pretreatment mainly resulted from the increase in content of heat stable protein in total soluble protein. It is suggested that Ca 2+ calmodulin may be involved in the synthesis of total soluble protein, and the induction of freezing resistance of seedlings.
基金NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .59772 0 1 9)
文摘Pervoskite type oxides LaCoO 3 was prepared by citrate method with the granula of 20 nm-30 nm. With a fluorescent Hg lamp or sunlight as irradiator, the degradation experiments of various water soluble dyes were carried out in the suspension system of LaCoO 3 . The results show that the pervoskite type oxide LaCoO 3 has good photocatalytic activity.Studied by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectra, its photocatalytic activity is found to be related with factors such as the d electron structure of ion Co 3+ ,Co—O binding energy and adsorbed oxygen on the surface etc.
文摘The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress and the recovery after chilling stress), and the survival rate and the freezing resistance of cuttings during cold acclimation at -3℃ were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation not only increased the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the survival rates and the freezing resistance of cuttings, decreased the activity of RNase, but also reduced the declining degree of total soluble protein and RNA contents, and the increasing level of RNase caused by chilling stress as compared with the controls. In addition, cold acclimation augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and RNA, and facilitated the decrease of RNase during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that the DNA content of all treatments kept relative stability at various periods. The changes in total soluble protein, RNA and RNase were closely related to the freezing resistance of cuttings. It appears that the increase of RNA content caused by cold acclimation induced decrease of RNase activity may be involved in the accumulation of total soluble protein and the induction of freezing resistance of cuttings.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870093)the Research Project of People’s Liberation Army(BXP20C006,BX115C007)the Special Subject Funding of Zhengzhou University and the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province for Outstanding Youth(202300410365).
文摘Insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)and soluble dietary fiber(SDF)extracted from wheat bran were modifi ed by snail enzyme and their physicochemical properties(water retention capacity and oil retention capacity),functional properties(cholesterol adsorption capacity,glucose adsorption capacity and antioxidant activity)and structural characterizations were evaluated.The results showed that snail enzyme modification led to the significant increase in oil retention capacity of IDF,glucose adsorption capacity and cholesterol adsorption capacity of IDF and SDF.Enzymatic modification also markedly improved the DPPH radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of IDF and SDF.Meanwhile,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis indicated the microstructures of IDF and SDF powders were signifi cantly changed.Fourier transfer-infrared spectrometry(FT-IR)showed that snail enzyme modifi cation could degrade the part of cellulose and hemicellulose of IDF and SDF.All these improved physicochemical and functional properties of IDF and SDF might depend on their structural changes.It suggested that snail enzyme modifi cation could effectively improve physicochemical and functional properties of IDF and SDF from wheat bran.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41773110,21777186)
文摘Inhaled atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5)includes soluble and insoluble fractions,and each fraction can interact with cells and cause adverse effects.PM2.5 samples were collected in Jinan,China,and the soluble and insoluble fractions were separated.According to physiochemical characterization,the soluble fraction mainly contains watersoluble ions and organic acids,and the insoluble fraction mainly contains kaolinite,calcium carbonate and some organic carbon.The interaction between PM2.5 and model cell membranes was examined with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D)to quantify PM2.5 attachment on membranes and membrane disruption.The cytotoxicity of the total PM2.5 and the soluble and insoluble fractions,was investigated.Negatively charged PM2.5 can adhere to the positively charged membranes and disrupt them.PM2.5also adheres to negatively charged membranes but does not cause membrane rupture.Therefore,electrostatic repulsion does not prevent PM2.5 attachment,but electrostatic attraction induces remarkable membrane rupture.The human lung epithelial cell line A549 was used for cytotoxicity assessment.The detected membrane leakage,cellular swelling and blebbing indicated a cell necrosis process.Moreover,the insoluble PM2.5 fraction caused a higher cell mortality and more serious cell membrane damage than the soluble fraction.The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)enhanced by the two fractions were not significantly different.The findings provide more information to better understand the mechanism of PM2.5 cytotoxicity and the effect of PM2.5 solubility on cytotoxicity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40706050, 40706048 and 30700619)the National Science & Technology Pillar Program (No. 2006BAD01A13 and 2008BAC49B04)+2 种基金National special fund for transgenic project (No. 2009ZX08009-019B)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. 2009ZRA02075)and Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology plan project (No. 09-2-5-8-hy)
文摘Total soluble proteins of different life stages, filamentous sporophytes cultivated in high temperatures, and blade gametophytes harvested in different seasons, were identified by SDS-PAGE. The types and amounts of expressed proteins also varied amongst the samples. The fewest soluble proteins were present in filamentous sporophytes. There were more types and amounts of soluble protein in conchospores than in filamentous sporophytes, but fewer than in bulgy sporophytes. More types of protein were detected in filamentous sporophytes cultivated in high temperatures than in those growing in normal situations. The most types and amounts of protein were found in blade gametophytes in all samples. Blade gametophytes harvested last year and stored at -20 ℃ showed only minor differences in expression of proteins when compared with those harvested in different seasons.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and production of peach.[Method] The three-year-old seedling peach tree was used as the materials,and NH4NO3 was used as the experimental nitrogen fertilizer.Three nitrogen levels,0,3,6 g per pot respectively were set to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer on the contents of soluble sugar,starch and internal structure of the root of the peaches.[Result] The contents of soluble sugar of roots and leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level,and the level of 6 g per pot was the highest,which showed extreme differences between the level of 3 g per pot and the control.However,starch contents showed opposite results,which decreased as the level of nitrogen fertilizer increased.Compared with the 3 g per pot level of nitrogen fertilizer and the control,the internal structure of root applied with nitrogen fertilizer of 6 g per pot level had larger fibrovascularcylinder,advanced vascular bundle,small-spaced thin-walled cells,smooth and full cells with smooth cell wall.[Conclusion]Appropriate nitrogen levels can accelerate the accumulation of soluble sugar and the growth of root tissue structure.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China (30571476, 30771703)
文摘Soluble organic nitrogen （SON） is recognized as a sensitive indicator of soil nitrogen status. The present work was conducted in the temperate forests of northeast China where soils are typically characterized by high organic matter and high organic nitrogen content, and soil sampling was made in early spring just after the freeze-thaw period. The water extracted SON pools in the organic layer of forest soils were measured within the range from 156.0 mg·kg^-1 to 292.6 mg·kg^-1, a similar magnitude of salt solution extracted SON pools reported in literatures. However, the water soluble SON pools in 0-15 cm mineral soils in present study were much higher （3-10 times） than any other reports, ranging from 58.6 mg·kg^-1 to 125.2 mg·kg^-1. Water soluble SON varied markedly among the soils under different forests and at different sites. The SON in water extracts were positively and significantly correlated to soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents, but negatively correlated to microbial biomass nitrogen （MBN）. The reasons of the abnormally large SON pools and the negative correlations between SON and MBN in the 0-15cm mineral soils in this study were specially discussed.
