When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.Howe...When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.However,the key to the efficiency and return on investment of this hybrid energy system lies in the expected lifetime of the SOEC.This study assessed Ni-YSZ|YSZ|GDC|LSC fuel electrode support cells’long-term stability during electrolysis at 650℃with a current density of−0.5Acm^(−2)over 1818 h.The average voltage degradation rate of 2.63%kh^(−1)unfolded in two phases:an initial rapid decay(90 to 1120 h at 3.58%kh^(−1))and a stable decay(1120 to 1818 h at 2.14%kh^(−1)),emphasizing SOECs’probability coupling with nuclear reactors at 650℃.Post-1818-hour electrolysis revealed nickel particle formation associated with Ni(OH)_(x)diffusion and re-deposition,alongside a strontium-containing layer causing interface cracking.Despite minimal strontium segregation in the EDS,XPS data indicated surface segregation of Sr.This study provides crucial insights into prolonged SOEC operation,highlighting both its potential and challenges.展开更多
选用双钙钛矿结构Sr_2FeMoO6-δ作为固体氧化物电解池的阴极材料,经过压制成型和烧结制备成阴极。利用阿基米德法测定了阴极的孔隙率,结合扫描电子显微镜研究造孔剂的用量对阴极孔隙结构的影响。利用热分析仪测定了不同孔隙结构的阴极...选用双钙钛矿结构Sr_2FeMoO6-δ作为固体氧化物电解池的阴极材料,经过压制成型和烧结制备成阴极。利用阿基米德法测定了阴极的孔隙率,结合扫描电子显微镜研究造孔剂的用量对阴极孔隙结构的影响。利用热分析仪测定了不同孔隙结构的阴极受热后热膨胀情况和热膨胀系数,研究其与电解质的热膨胀系数匹配情况。最后利用电化学工作站测试了阴极材料的电化学性能。实验结果表明,双钙钛矿结构Sr2Fe Mo O6-δ有较好地电化学性能以及与电解质LSGM热膨胀系数匹配,有望成为固体氧化物电解池阴极的理想候选材料。展开更多
选择具有双钙钛矿结构的Sr2Fe Nb O6(SFN)及La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ(LSGM)材料混合作为固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)的阴极,在SFN-LSGM中掺杂不同比例的淀粉,经过干压成型并在1400℃下烧结后得到测试样。利用真实密度仪及阿基米德法测定...选择具有双钙钛矿结构的Sr2Fe Nb O6(SFN)及La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ(LSGM)材料混合作为固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)的阴极,在SFN-LSGM中掺杂不同比例的淀粉,经过干压成型并在1400℃下烧结后得到测试样。利用真实密度仪及阿基米德法测定了样品的孔隙率;利用热分析仪测定了不同孔隙率的样品在35~1400℃条件下的热膨胀系数,研究该材料与常用SOEC电解质材料La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ(LSGM)的热匹配性能;之后利用电化学工作站测试了该材料在纯氢气气氛下电导率与孔隙率的关系。结果表明,样品孔隙率与淀粉掺杂量成正比,孔隙率对该材料热膨胀系数影响不大,且该材料与LSGM电解池热匹配性能良好。另外,当样品孔隙率增加时,该材料在850℃纯氢气气氛下的电导率在18%孔隙率时达到最大值。展开更多
Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)are next-generation energy conversion technologies that have attracted widespread attention due to their high efficiency,fuel flexibility,and envir...Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)are next-generation energy conversion technologies that have attracted widespread attention due to their high efficiency,fuel flexibility,and environmental friendliness.The reversible reaction processes of the two can achieve power generation and energy storage in one device.This paper provides an extensive overview of the latest developments in the field of SOFCs and SOECs,including types,material synthesis,mechanism research,and system integration.First,we introduce the classification of current SOFCs/SOECs according to their different supports and conducting ions.Then,we summarize the synthesis methods and optimization strategies for key materials,including the latest developments in electrolytes,electrodes,and interconnects.Subsequently,the electrochemical mechanisms,including ion transport,electron conduction,electrochemical reaction kinetics,and interfacial phenomena,are analyzed in depth.This paper also outlines challenges and strategies for system integration,such as thermal management,fluid dynamics,and mechanical stress control.Through comprehensive analysis,this review aimsto provide researchers with a holistic perspective and guidance for the future development of SOFCs and SOECs.We close by discussing the main challenges and future research directions for further promoting the commercialization and large-scale development of these technologies.展开更多
This study employs the method of embedding voltage leads within three cells of an electrolysis stack to investigate the quantitative impact of the electrolysis cells and their interfaces on overall stack performance.A...This study employs the method of embedding voltage leads within three cells of an electrolysis stack to investigate the quantitative impact of the electrolysis cells and their interfaces on overall stack performance.A 900-h stability test was conducted at a constant temperature of 750℃with a current density of 500 mA/cm_(2)and 60 vol.%(volume fraction)water steam content.The results indicate the electrolysis voltage of the stack increased by 0.213 V,while the voltage across the three cells increased by 0.268 V.Post-mortem analysis reveals changes in the three-phase boundary(TPB)and porosity of the Ni-YSZ electrodes across different cells.These structural changes explain the variations in both ohmic resistance and polarization resistance.In contrast,the voltage drop across the current-collecting interface between the interconnect and the cell decreases by 0.055 V,accounting for 25.82%of the total stack degradation.Improved interface contact helps inhibit stack degradation.Future work will further investigate the stability of stack components and their interfaces,aiming to optimize stack design.展开更多
This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)Ni...This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)materials offer promising mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and high oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.In this study,we focus on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films deposited at various temperatures(600-650℃),revealing that a two-temperature deposition process yields nano-architectured films with a dense bottom film and a porous nano-columnar top layer of the same material.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation experiments demonstrate enhanced surface exchange coefficients compared to bulk LaPrNiO_(4+δ)and La_(2)NiO_(4+δ)and high performance,with polarization resistances as low as 0.10Ωcm^(2) at 600℃ and 1.00 at 500℃.To better understand the electrochemical behavior of these electrodes,we investigated the limiting mechanisms of oxygen reduction by analyzing the kinetic response to varying oxygen partial pressures and performing detailed impedance analyses.These nano-columnar LaPrNiO_(4+δ)oxygen electrodes were also deposited on commercial half-cells,enabling the resulting full cells to operate successfully in both reversible solid oxide fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes,reaching a performance of 0.34 W cm^(-2) at 600℃ in reversible solid oxide fuel cell mode.This work underscores the promise of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films for efficient low-temperature-solid oxide cells while addressing challenges in durability and stability.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA0400000)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2021253)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited during the 14th Five Year Plan(No.KJGG-2022-12-CCUS-030500)the Photon Science Center for Carbon Neutrality of Chinese Academy of Science.
文摘When the operating temperature of a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is lower than the outlet temperature of a nuclear reactor,the reactor can be directly coupled with the SOEC as a high-temperature heat source.However,the key to the efficiency and return on investment of this hybrid energy system lies in the expected lifetime of the SOEC.This study assessed Ni-YSZ|YSZ|GDC|LSC fuel electrode support cells’long-term stability during electrolysis at 650℃with a current density of−0.5Acm^(−2)over 1818 h.The average voltage degradation rate of 2.63%kh^(−1)unfolded in two phases:an initial rapid decay(90 to 1120 h at 3.58%kh^(−1))and a stable decay(1120 to 1818 h at 2.14%kh^(−1)),emphasizing SOECs’probability coupling with nuclear reactors at 650℃.Post-1818-hour electrolysis revealed nickel particle formation associated with Ni(OH)_(x)diffusion and re-deposition,alongside a strontium-containing layer causing interface cracking.Despite minimal strontium segregation in the EDS,XPS data indicated surface segregation of Sr.This study provides crucial insights into prolonged SOEC operation,highlighting both its potential and challenges.
文摘选用双钙钛矿结构Sr_2FeMoO6-δ作为固体氧化物电解池的阴极材料,经过压制成型和烧结制备成阴极。利用阿基米德法测定了阴极的孔隙率,结合扫描电子显微镜研究造孔剂的用量对阴极孔隙结构的影响。利用热分析仪测定了不同孔隙结构的阴极受热后热膨胀情况和热膨胀系数,研究其与电解质的热膨胀系数匹配情况。最后利用电化学工作站测试了阴极材料的电化学性能。实验结果表明,双钙钛矿结构Sr2Fe Mo O6-δ有较好地电化学性能以及与电解质LSGM热膨胀系数匹配,有望成为固体氧化物电解池阴极的理想候选材料。
文摘选择具有双钙钛矿结构的Sr2Fe Nb O6(SFN)及La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ(LSGM)材料混合作为固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)的阴极,在SFN-LSGM中掺杂不同比例的淀粉,经过干压成型并在1400℃下烧结后得到测试样。利用真实密度仪及阿基米德法测定了样品的孔隙率;利用热分析仪测定了不同孔隙率的样品在35~1400℃条件下的热膨胀系数,研究该材料与常用SOEC电解质材料La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ(LSGM)的热匹配性能;之后利用电化学工作站测试了该材料在纯氢气气氛下电导率与孔隙率的关系。结果表明,样品孔隙率与淀粉掺杂量成正比,孔隙率对该材料热膨胀系数影响不大,且该材料与LSGM电解池热匹配性能良好。另外,当样品孔隙率增加时,该材料在850℃纯氢气气氛下的电导率在18%孔隙率时达到最大值。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404463)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M764244)+2 种基金Double First-Class Construction Fund for Teacher Development Projects(0515024GH0201201 and 0515024SH0201201)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(D5000230358)Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan(2024GXYBXM-456).
文摘Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)are next-generation energy conversion technologies that have attracted widespread attention due to their high efficiency,fuel flexibility,and environmental friendliness.The reversible reaction processes of the two can achieve power generation and energy storage in one device.This paper provides an extensive overview of the latest developments in the field of SOFCs and SOECs,including types,material synthesis,mechanism research,and system integration.First,we introduce the classification of current SOFCs/SOECs according to their different supports and conducting ions.Then,we summarize the synthesis methods and optimization strategies for key materials,including the latest developments in electrolytes,electrodes,and interconnects.Subsequently,the electrochemical mechanisms,including ion transport,electron conduction,electrochemical reaction kinetics,and interfacial phenomena,are analyzed in depth.This paper also outlines challenges and strategies for system integration,such as thermal management,fluid dynamics,and mechanical stress control.Through comprehensive analysis,this review aimsto provide researchers with a holistic perspective and guidance for the future development of SOFCs and SOECs.We close by discussing the main challenges and future research directions for further promoting the commercialization and large-scale development of these technologies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4002203).
文摘This study employs the method of embedding voltage leads within three cells of an electrolysis stack to investigate the quantitative impact of the electrolysis cells and their interfaces on overall stack performance.A 900-h stability test was conducted at a constant temperature of 750℃with a current density of 500 mA/cm_(2)and 60 vol.%(volume fraction)water steam content.The results indicate the electrolysis voltage of the stack increased by 0.213 V,while the voltage across the three cells increased by 0.268 V.Post-mortem analysis reveals changes in the three-phase boundary(TPB)and porosity of the Ni-YSZ electrodes across different cells.These structural changes explain the variations in both ohmic resistance and polarization resistance.In contrast,the voltage drop across the current-collecting interface between the interconnect and the cell decreases by 0.055 V,accounting for 25.82%of the total stack degradation.Improved interface contact helps inhibit stack degradation.Future work will further investigate the stability of stack components and their interfaces,aiming to optimize stack design.
基金funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreements no.824072(Harvestore project)no.101017709(EPISTORE)by the Centre of Excellence of Multifunctional Architectured Materials“CEMAM”no.ANR-10-LABX-44-01 as part of the“Investments for the Future”Program.
文摘This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)materials offer promising mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and high oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.In this study,we focus on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films deposited at various temperatures(600-650℃),revealing that a two-temperature deposition process yields nano-architectured films with a dense bottom film and a porous nano-columnar top layer of the same material.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation experiments demonstrate enhanced surface exchange coefficients compared to bulk LaPrNiO_(4+δ)and La_(2)NiO_(4+δ)and high performance,with polarization resistances as low as 0.10Ωcm^(2) at 600℃ and 1.00 at 500℃.To better understand the electrochemical behavior of these electrodes,we investigated the limiting mechanisms of oxygen reduction by analyzing the kinetic response to varying oxygen partial pressures and performing detailed impedance analyses.These nano-columnar LaPrNiO_(4+δ)oxygen electrodes were also deposited on commercial half-cells,enabling the resulting full cells to operate successfully in both reversible solid oxide fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes,reaching a performance of 0.34 W cm^(-2) at 600℃ in reversible solid oxide fuel cell mode.This work underscores the promise of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films for efficient low-temperature-solid oxide cells while addressing challenges in durability and stability.
