We develop a new full waveform inversion (FWI) method for slowness with the crosshole data based on the acoustic wave equation in the time domain. The method combines the total variation (TV) regularization with the c...We develop a new full waveform inversion (FWI) method for slowness with the crosshole data based on the acoustic wave equation in the time domain. The method combines the total variation (TV) regularization with the constrained optimization together which can inverse the slowness effectively. One advantage of slowness inversion is that there is no further approximation in the gradient derivation. Moreover, a new algorithm named the skip method for solving the constrained optimization problem is proposed. The TV regularization has good ability to inverse slowness at its discontinuities while the constrained optimization can keep the inversion converging in the right direction. Numerical computations both for noise free data and noisy data show the robustness and effectiveness of our method and good inversion results are yielded.展开更多
A new method that is applicable to local seismic networks to estimate the azimuth and slowness of teleseismic signals is introduced in the paper. The method is based on the correlation between the arrival times and st...A new method that is applicable to local seismic networks to estimate the azimuth and slowness of teleseismic signals is introduced in the paper. The method is based on the correlation between the arrival times and station positions. The analyzed results indicate that the azimuth and slowness of teleseismic signals can be accurately estimated by the method. Average errors for azimuth and slowness measurements obtained by this method using data of Xian Digital Telemetry Seismic Network are 2.0?and 0.34 s/(?, respectively. The conclusions drawn from this study indicate that this method may be very useful to interpret teleseismic records of local seismic networks.展开更多
The Fast Sweeping Method based on equivalent slowness is an improved algorithm for solving seismic wave traveltime,aiming to address the significant errors caused by the large wavefront curvature near the source point...The Fast Sweeping Method based on equivalent slowness is an improved algorithm for solving seismic wave traveltime,aiming to address the significant errors caused by the large wavefront curvature near the source point in traditional methods.The core of this method lies in transferring part of the complex curvature information of the traveltime eld to the distance term of the analytical solution,thereby simplifying the calculation process of the traveltime eld.Specically,by dening the equivalent slowness as the ratio of traveltime to the straight-line distance from a point to the source point,using a nite dierence scheme to discretely solve the equivalent slowness,and then converting it into traveltime values,this approach can signicantly enhance computational accuracy and efciency.In this study,numerical examples are employed to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the Fast Sweeping Method based on equivalent slowness in handling complex seismic wave traveltime calculations.展开更多
Efficient solar light harvesting is essential for high-performance photocatalysts.Here,Rigorous CoupledWave Analysis(RCWA)computational method is used to investigate and optimize the optical absorption of TiO_(2)-BiVO...Efficient solar light harvesting is essential for high-performance photocatalysts.Here,Rigorous CoupledWave Analysis(RCWA)computational method is used to investigate and optimize the optical absorption of TiO_(2)-BiVO_(4) inverse opal(IO)structures under varying light incidence angles and pore-filling medium(air or water).Simulations were validated against experimental reflectance data.They revealed that small-pore IOs strongly absorb in the UV-C and UV-B regions due to the slow photon effect,making them ideal for sterilization and water disinfection.Medium-and large-pore IOs benefit from additional slow photon effect at the 2nd order photonic band gap,enhancing absorption across both UV and visible regions.Medium-pore IOs are suited for indoor air treatment and water purification,while large-pore IOs with the highest photon flux enhancement enable solar-driven photocatalysis such as outdoor pollutant removal and hydrogen production.For all tested IO designs,the absorbed photon flux exceeds that of equivalent planar slabs,highlighting the advantage of photonic structuring for sustainable photocatalytic applications.展开更多
In the field of rock engineering,the influence of water is a dynamic process that exhibits varying effects over time and across different locations.To further understand how water influences the mechanical properties ...In the field of rock engineering,the influence of water is a dynamic process that exhibits varying effects over time and across different locations.To further understand how water influences the mechanical properties and acoustic emission(AE)behavior of rocks,this study conducted uniaxial compression experiments on sandstones with varying degrees of wetting under both natural conditions and water-chemical environments.In addition,the study combined AE equipment with digital image correlation(DIC)to monitor the entire failure process.Using the sliding window algorithm,the variation in the variance of AE characteristic parameters during the process of sandstone loading to failure is analyzed from the perspective of critical slowing down.This analysis enables the effective identification of the early warning signal before failure.The experimental findings suggest that an increase in wetting height results in a gradual decrease in peak stress,accompanied by a concomitant increase in the percentage of shear cracks.The characteristic parameters,including energy,amplitude,and ringing count,all exhibit critical slowing phenomena.The waveform of AE characteristic parameters of the same sample is similar,and the mutation time of the precursor signal is roughly the same.All signals appear in the irreversible plastic deformation stage of microcrack initiation.The integration of critical slowing down theory and the b-value early warning method facilitates a more comprehensive evaluation of the stability of rock mass,thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency and safety of disaster prevention measures.展开更多
The cemented tailings backfill(CTB)with initial defects is more prone to destabilization damage under the influence of various unfavorable factors during the mining process.In order to investigate its influence on the...The cemented tailings backfill(CTB)with initial defects is more prone to destabilization damage under the influence of various unfavorable factors during the mining process.In order to investigate its influence on the stability of underground mining engineering,this paper simulates the generation of different degrees of initial defects inside the CTB by adding different contents of air-entraining agent(AEA),investigates the acoustic emission RA/AF eigenvalues of CTB with different contents of AEA under uniaxial compression,and adopts various denoising algorithms(e.g.,moving average smoothing,median filtering,and outlier detection)to improve the accuracy of the data.The variance and autocorrelation coefficients of RA/AF parameters were analyzed in conjunction with the critical slowing down(CSD)theory.The results show that the acoustic emission RA/AF values can be used to characterize the progressive damage evolution of CTB.The denoising algorithm processed the AE signals to reduce the effects of extraneous noise and anomalous spikes.Changes in the variance curves provide clear precursor information,while abrupt changes in the autocorrelation coefficient can be used as an auxiliary localization warning signal.The phenomenon of dramatic increase in the variance and autocorrelation coefficient curves during the compression-tightening stage,which is influenced by the initial defects,can lead to false warnings.As the initial defects of the CTB increase,its instability precursor time and instability time are prolonged,the peak stress decreases,and the time difference between the CTB and the instability damage is smaller.The results provide a new method for real-time monitoring and early warning of CTB instability damage.展开更多
Current pharmacotherapies for Alzheimer's disease(AD)exhibit constrained transient symptomatic relief without halting underlying neurodegenerative progression.Based on the framework of the amyloid cascade and neur...Current pharmacotherapies for Alzheimer's disease(AD)exhibit constrained transient symptomatic relief without halting underlying neurodegenerative progression.Based on the framework of the amyloid cascade and neurofibrillary tangle hypotheses[1],two FDA-approved antiamyloid monoclonal antibodies(Aβ-mAbs),Kisunla and Lecanemab,have demonstrated efficacy in removing cerebral amyloid buildup,thereby modestly slowing cognitive decline in AD patients[2,3].A 2023 meta-analysis in Neurology demonstrated that anti-amyloid therapies significantly accelerated brain volume loss compared to placebo,with Lecanemab demonstrating 36.4%greater volume reduction and Donanemab 23%.展开更多
Background:Drug-coated balloons(DCBs)are receiving increasing attention in interventional therapy for coronary artery disease.However,evidence regarding their application in acute myocardial infarction(AMI),particular...Background:Drug-coated balloons(DCBs)are receiving increasing attention in interventional therapy for coronary artery disease.However,evidence regarding their application in acute myocardial infarction(AMI),particularly in high-risk AMI patients,is limited,leading to significant clinical concerns.This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of DCBs versus standard drug-eluting stents(DESs)in AMI patients and explore their efficacy differences in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI),non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI),and different risk stratifications.Methods:A single-center,retrospective cohort study was conducted,involving 86 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for AMI between January 2023 and July 2025.Patients were divided into a DCB group(n=26)and a DES group(n=60)based on the treatment modality.According to the Killip classification of myocardial infarction at admission,patients were categorized into a low-risk group(Killip Class I,n=68)and a high-risk group(Killip Classes II-IV,n=18).The primary efficacy endpoint was targeting lesion restenosis as shown by coronary angiography follow-up(6-12 months).Safety endpoints included acute in-stent thrombosis during hospitalization(ARC criteria)and long-term coronary slow flow.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations between intervention modality,risk stratification,infarction type,and endpoint events,and to test for interactions.Results:The DCB and DES groups were generally balanced in terms of baseline traditional risk factors.During hospitalization,three cases(5.0%)of acute in-stent thrombosis occurred in the DES group,all requiring urgent re-intervention,while no such events occurred in the DCB group(0%).Acute in-stent thrombosis formation was significantly associated with high-risk stratification(χ2 test,p=0.047).The overall restenosis rate was 22.1%(19/86).Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference in restenosis risk between the intervention modalities(DCB vs.DES)(adjusted odds ratio[OR]=1.07,95%confidence interval[CI]0.27-4.21,p=0.920),and no statistical differences were found in subgroups based on risk stratification(p=0.382)or infarction type(p=0.484).There was a trend toward increased restenosis risk in high-risk patients(OR=12.34),but the difference was not statistically significant(95%CI 0.28-542.75,p=0.193).The incidence of long-term coronary slow flow was significantly higher in the DES group than in the DCB group(16.7%vs.3.8%,Fisher’s exact test,p=0.048),with a statistically significant difference.Conclusion:For AMI patients,DCBs demonstrate similar efficacy to DESs in preventing restenosis.However,DESs are associated with a higher risk of acute thrombosis during hospitalization,especially in high-risk patients,and a higher risk of long-term slow coronary flow.DCBs exhibit superior perioperative and long-term safety compared to DESs.Given the limited sample size,particularly the small number of high-risk patients and those treated with DCBs,the conclusions require validation through larger-scale prospective studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Xuanshen decoction(XSD)is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation that is often applied in treating slow transit constipation(STC).However,its specific therapeutic mechanism remains to be characterized.A...BACKGROUND Xuanshen decoction(XSD)is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation that is often applied in treating slow transit constipation(STC).However,its specific therapeutic mechanism remains to be characterized.AIM To investigate the mechanism of XSD for STC,we combined network pharmacology prediction,molecular docking analysis,and in vivo studies.METHODS The therapeutic effects of XSD on loperamide-induced STC in rats were assessed through 24-hour fecal number,fecal moisture content,and intestinal propelling rate.Hematoxylin–eosin and Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining were applied to analyze colonic mucosa for histopathological presentation and mucin production.Next,the mechanism of action of XSD for STC was elucidated through network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses,and the findings were validated by the animal experiments.RESULTS XSD significantly alleviated the symptoms of STC in rats.Relative to the STC rats,in the medium-dose XSD and high-dose XSD rats,stem cell factor,C-kit,phosphophosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphoinositide 3-kinase,phospho-protein kinase B/protein kinase B,catalase,and superoxide dismutase were substantially upregulated(P<0.01);nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(nuclear/cytoplasmic)and B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)were increased(P<0.05),while cleaved caspase-3,Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)/Bcl-2,and malondialdehyde were significantly reduced(P<0.01).Heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione peroxidase in the high-dose XSD group were significantly increased(P<0.01),and Bax was statistically lowered(P<0.01);glutathione peroxidase in the medium-dose XSD group was increased(P<0.05),while Bax was reduced(P<0.05).CONCLUSION XSD may inhibit oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis in interstitial cells of Cajal by stimulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway,thereby effectively treating STC.展开更多
Two CoⅡ-based complexes,{[Co(dps)_(2)(N_(3))_(2)]·H_(2)O}_n(1)and[Co(dps)_(2)(N_(3))_(2)]_n(2),show a 1D chain and a 3D network,respectively.The central CoⅡions in the complexes have the same coordination envir...Two CoⅡ-based complexes,{[Co(dps)_(2)(N_(3))_(2)]·H_(2)O}_n(1)and[Co(dps)_(2)(N_(3))_(2)]_n(2),show a 1D chain and a 3D network,respectively.The central CoⅡions in the complexes have the same coordination environment with the[Co(dps)_(4)(N_(3))_(2)]unit.Although the differences in crystal parameters are nearly negligible,their magnetic properties are very different.AC susceptibility data show that 1 behaves as a typical field-induced single-ion magnet(SIM)with the out-of-phase(χ_(M)”)signals,while 2 shows ac signals ofχ_(M)”without peaks even under applied dc filed within our measurement window.Far-IR magneto-spectra(FIRMS)show strong spin-phonon couplings at 0 T in 2,likely making the magnetic relaxation in 2 fast,while the couplings are negligible in 1.Small spin-phonon coupling in 1 likely leads to slower magnetic relaxation,making 1 a SIM.The difference in the properties is due to the structural rigidity of 2 in its 3D network,leading to stronger spin-phonon coupling.Combined high-field EPR(HF-EPR)and FIRMS studies give spin-Hamiltonian parameters,including D=64.0(9)cm^(-1),|E|=15.7(2)cm^(-1)for 1 and D=80.0(2)cm^(-1),|E|=19.0(1)cm^(-1)for 2.展开更多
BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD al...BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD alleviates STC by downregulating the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and restoring intestinal barrier function.METHODS KM mice were divided into control,model,and HQD treatment groups.Fresh colonic tissues were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial tra-nscriptome sequencing.The expressions of claudin-1,mucin 2,and NF-κB P65 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.In vitro experiments evaluated the effects of HQD on the LS174T cell line.RESULTS HQD improved intestinal motility,restored mucosal epithelium function and morphology.Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing data showed a reduction in goblet cells,decreased mucin 2 secretion,and activated apoptotic pathways in STC mice.The population of intestinal stem cells was reduced,and proliferation along with Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited.STC also altered the distribution of intestinal cell states,increasing immune-associated Enterocyte_C3.Aberrant NF-κB pathway activation was noted across various cell types.After HQD treatment,NF-κB pathway activity was down-regulated,while cell proliferation pathways were up-regulated,alongside an increase in Enterocyte_C1 related to material transport.Immunocytochemical,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed NF-κB pathway activation in goblet cells of STC mice,with HQD inhibiting this aberrant activation.CONCLUSION STC involves intestinal mucosal barrier damage.HQD may treat STC by suppressing NF-κB signaling in epithelial cells,restoring intestinal epithelial cell function,and promoting mucosal barrier repair.展开更多
The conventional acoustic logging interpretation method, which is based on vertical wells that penetrate isotropic formations, is not suitable for horizontal and deviated wells penetrating anisotropic formations. This...The conventional acoustic logging interpretation method, which is based on vertical wells that penetrate isotropic formations, is not suitable for horizontal and deviated wells penetrating anisotropic formations. This unsuitability is because during horizontal and deviated well drilling, cuttings will splash on the well wall or fall into the borehole bottom and form a thin bed of cuttings. In addition, the high velocity layers at different depths and intrinsic anisotropy may affect acoustic logging measurements. In this study, we examine how these factors affect the acoustic wave slowness measured in horizontal and deviated wells that are surrounded by an anisotropic medium using numerical simulation. We use the staggered-grid finite difference method in time domain （FDTD） combined with hybrid-PML. First, we acquire the acoustic slowness using a simulated array logging system, and then, we analyze how various factors affect acoustic slowness measurements and the differences between the effects of these factors. The factors considered are high-velocity layers, thin beds of cuttings, dipping angle, formation thickness, and anisotropy. The simulation results show that these factors affect acoustic wave slowness measurements differently. We observe that when the wavelength is much smaller than the distance between the borehole wall and high velocity layer, the true slowness of the formation could be acquired. When the wavelengths are of the same order （i.e., in the near-field scenarios）, the geometrical acoustics theory is no longer applicable. Furthermore, when a thin bed of cuttings exists at the bottom of the borehole, Fermat＇s principle is still applicable, and true slowness can be acquired. In anisotropic formations, the measured slowness changes with increments in the dipping angle. Finally, for a measurement system with specific spacing, the slowness of a thin target layer can be acquired when the distance covered by the logging tool is sufficiently long. Based on systematical simulations with different dipping angles and anisotropy in homogenous TI media, slowness estimation charts are established to quantitatively determine the slowness at any dipping angle and for any value of the anisotropic ratio. Synthetic examples with different acoustic logging tools and different elastic parameters demonstrate that the acoustic slowness estimation method can be conveniently applied to horizontal and deviated wells in TI formations with high accuracy.展开更多
The Mg-Y-Zn magnesium alloy system is known for the presence of Long-Period Stacking Ordered(LPSO)phases that improves strength and ductility with minimal amounts of alloying elements.Even better improvements are asso...The Mg-Y-Zn magnesium alloy system is known for the presence of Long-Period Stacking Ordered(LPSO)phases that improves strength and ductility with minimal amounts of alloying elements.Even better improvements are associated with the specific microstructure known as the Mille-Feuille(MF)structure that can occur in this alloy as well after proper heat treatment.This study systematically compares the traditional ingot metallurgy method with the Bridgman method(slow cooling),coupled with diverse heat treatments and extrusion process.Microscopic analyses reveal variations in the presence of LPSO phases,MF structure,and especially grain size,leading to divergent mechanical and corrosion properties.The Bridgman approach surprisingly stands out,ensuring superior mechanical properties due to kink and texture strengthening.展开更多
Under the perspective of translation aesthetics,the article studies three Chinese-to-English translations of Slow,Slow Tune as research objects,comparing and contrasting the differences between the different translati...Under the perspective of translation aesthetics,the article studies three Chinese-to-English translations of Slow,Slow Tune as research objects,comparing and contrasting the differences between the different translations under the perspective of translation aesthetics.The study finds that:Kenneth Rexroth’s translation is poor in textual understanding,with a lot of errors,and is too shallow in emotional expression,remaining only on the surface of the text;Lin Yutang makes occasional mistakes in understanding individual words,and is able to explore the implicit feelings of the lyricist,and his translation focuses on textual and phonological beauty;Xu Yuanchong’s translation is not only capable of conveying the meaning of the original work,but also of conveying the lyricist’s feelings more vividly and focusing on the phonological beauty.Xu Yuanchong’s translation not only conveys the meaning of the original work,but also vividly conveys the emotion of the lyricist,and pays attention to the beauty of sound.展开更多
High-quality services in today’s mobile networks require stable delivery of bandwidth-intensive network content.Multipath QUIC(MPQUIC),as a multipath protocol that extends QUIC,can utilize multiple paths to support s...High-quality services in today’s mobile networks require stable delivery of bandwidth-intensive network content.Multipath QUIC(MPQUIC),as a multipath protocol that extends QUIC,can utilize multiple paths to support stable and efficient transmission.The standard coupled congestion control algorithm in MPQUIC synchronizes these paths to manage congestion,meeting fairness requirements and improving transmission efficiency.However,current algorithms’Congestion Window(CWND)reduction approach significantly decreases CWND upon packet loss,which lowers effective throughput,regardless of the congestion origin.Furthermore,the uncoupled Slow-Start(SS)in MPQUIC leads to independent exponential CWND growth on each path,potentially causing buffer overflow.To address these issues,we propose the CC-OLIA,which incorporates Packet Loss Classifcation(PLC)and Coupled Slow-Start(CSS).The PLC distinguishes between congestion-induced and random packet losses,adjusting CWND reduction accordingly to maintain throughput.Concurrently,the CSS module coordinates CWND growth during the SS,preventing abrupt increases.Implementation on MININET shows that CC-OLIA not only maintains fair performance but also enhances transmission efficiency across diverse network conditions.展开更多
Laboratory and field observations have suggested a correlation between contact dynamics and slow dynamics.The underlying mechanical mechanisms at the contact level require investigation at the nanoscale.This study use...Laboratory and field observations have suggested a correlation between contact dynamics and slow dynamics.The underlying mechanical mechanisms at the contact level require investigation at the nanoscale.This study uses molecular dynamics(MD)simulations to investigate the interactions between two quartz plates separated by a water film,focusing on the relationship between adhesion force and separation distance.The density and orientation angle profiles were calculated from simulation data to investigate the relationship between the interfacial structure of the water film and contact potential.The simulations reveal multiple metastable states of the contact potential,consistent with existing theoretical models.The results show that the contact force is influenced by the structure of the water film,including oscillation forces and stratification.This provided verification and development for existing theoretical models based on metastable contacts.展开更多
The March 11,2011,MW9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake,in Japan,caused rapid strain release near the epicenter,while the Boso Peninsula,located farther away,experienced stress redistribution,leading to changes in the recurrenc...The March 11,2011,MW9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake,in Japan,caused rapid strain release near the epicenter,while the Boso Peninsula,located farther away,experienced stress redistribution,leading to changes in the recurrence interval of slow slip events(SSEs)and regional strain.This study focuses on three detected post-2011 Boso SSEs,utilizing a segmented model displacement time series measured by Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)to calculate velocity and strain rate fields for eight periods before,during,and after the SSEs.Results show that the 2011 earthquake and the three SSEs significantly alter the velocity field in the Boso region,with SSE velocities predominantly oriented southeast,reaching maximum values of 26.9 cm/a,10.6 cm/a,and 38.5 cm/adnearly opposite to non-SSE periods.After the third SSE,the velocity field nearly returns to its pre-earthquake state,with a maximum of 1.8 cm/a.The maximum shear strain rates during the three SSEs are 25.88×10^(-7) a^(-1),11.38×10^(-7) a^(-1),and 29.02×10^(-7) a^(-1)(i.e.,per annum),significantly higher than those during non-slow slip periods,with principal strain rates following a similar pattern.The spatial distribution of strain rates during the SSEs indicates greater deformation compared to the non-slip periods,dominated by northwest-southeast extension and southwest-northeast compression.Spatiotemporal analysis reveals a strong correlation between seismic frequency and strain rate during the SSEs,with time correlation coefficients of 0.85,0.88,and 0.9.Although larger accumulated strain results in stronger strain release during the latter two SSEs,not all strain is fully released,suggesting that earthquake swarms accompanying the SSEs may contribute to the partial release of unreleased strain.This study,through the analysis of GNSS data,evaluates the spatiotemporal distribution of strain fields during periodic SSEs,contributing to further research on strain accumulation and release,and aiding in the analysis of this regional seismic activity.展开更多
A kind of slow deformation wave is produced in the crust under the action of internal and external factors,which plays an important role in the formation and occurrence of earthquakes.In this paper,uniaxial compressio...A kind of slow deformation wave is produced in the crust under the action of internal and external factors,which plays an important role in the formation and occurrence of earthquakes.In this paper,uniaxial compression tests are carried out on red sandstone samples with uniform texture.Displacement controlled loading methods are adopted,and the loading rates are 0.1 mm/min,0.5 mm/min and 1.0 mm/min,respectively.The micro-characterization method of speckle photography and DIC processing technology are adopted.The transfer characteristics of slow deformation and strain localization of red sandstone specimens during loading and deformation are discussed.The results show that the boundary advance velocity is proportional to the slow deformation transfer velocity with the change of position,so it can be considered that the slow deformation transfer velocity is equal to the particle motion transfer velocity.The formation and development of sample strain localization may be determined by the flow channel,nucleation and Luders zone evolution.The formation of the Luders band is related to the maximum value of the flow channel,and as deformation increases,the Luders band merges and develops with the maximum value of the nearby flow channel.By applying different loading rates,the influence of loading rate on the average transfer velocity of slow deformation was obtained;the slow deformation wave during seismic migration has similar characteristics to the deformation transfer in the experiment,therefore the research results have reference significance for further studies on the evolution characteristics of slow deformation waves and seismic migration.展开更多
文摘We develop a new full waveform inversion (FWI) method for slowness with the crosshole data based on the acoustic wave equation in the time domain. The method combines the total variation (TV) regularization with the constrained optimization together which can inverse the slowness effectively. One advantage of slowness inversion is that there is no further approximation in the gradient derivation. Moreover, a new algorithm named the skip method for solving the constrained optimization problem is proposed. The TV regularization has good ability to inverse slowness at its discontinuities while the constrained optimization can keep the inversion converging in the right direction. Numerical computations both for noise free data and noisy data show the robustness and effectiveness of our method and good inversion results are yielded.
基金Foundation of Verification Researches for Arm Control Technology
文摘A new method that is applicable to local seismic networks to estimate the azimuth and slowness of teleseismic signals is introduced in the paper. The method is based on the correlation between the arrival times and station positions. The analyzed results indicate that the azimuth and slowness of teleseismic signals can be accurately estimated by the method. Average errors for azimuth and slowness measurements obtained by this method using data of Xian Digital Telemetry Seismic Network are 2.0?and 0.34 s/(?, respectively. The conclusions drawn from this study indicate that this method may be very useful to interpret teleseismic records of local seismic networks.
基金supported by the Key Project of the Spark Program of Earthquake Science and Technology in Hebei Province(DZ2025091100001 and DZ2025081200001)University Stability Support Program of Shenzhen-General Project(20231128113233002).
文摘The Fast Sweeping Method based on equivalent slowness is an improved algorithm for solving seismic wave traveltime,aiming to address the significant errors caused by the large wavefront curvature near the source point in traditional methods.The core of this method lies in transferring part of the complex curvature information of the traveltime eld to the distance term of the analytical solution,thereby simplifying the calculation process of the traveltime eld.Specically,by dening the equivalent slowness as the ratio of traveltime to the straight-line distance from a point to the source point,using a nite dierence scheme to discretely solve the equivalent slowness,and then converting it into traveltime values,this approach can signicantly enhance computational accuracy and efciency.In this study,numerical examples are employed to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the Fast Sweeping Method based on equivalent slowness in handling complex seismic wave traveltime calculations.
基金supported by the FNRS-FRFC,the Walloon Region,and the University of Namur(Conventions No.2.5020.11,GEQ U.G006.15,1610468,RW/GEQ2016 et U.G011.22)funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement n°101034383。
文摘Efficient solar light harvesting is essential for high-performance photocatalysts.Here,Rigorous CoupledWave Analysis(RCWA)computational method is used to investigate and optimize the optical absorption of TiO_(2)-BiVO_(4) inverse opal(IO)structures under varying light incidence angles and pore-filling medium(air or water).Simulations were validated against experimental reflectance data.They revealed that small-pore IOs strongly absorb in the UV-C and UV-B regions due to the slow photon effect,making them ideal for sterilization and water disinfection.Medium-and large-pore IOs benefit from additional slow photon effect at the 2nd order photonic band gap,enhancing absorption across both UV and visible regions.Medium-pore IOs are suited for indoor air treatment and water purification,while large-pore IOs with the highest photon flux enhancement enable solar-driven photocatalysis such as outdoor pollutant removal and hydrogen production.For all tested IO designs,the absorbed photon flux exceeds that of equivalent planar slabs,highlighting the advantage of photonic structuring for sustainable photocatalytic applications.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52104207 and 52374214)the Shandong Provincial Youth Innovation Team Development Program for Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.2023KJ305).
文摘In the field of rock engineering,the influence of water is a dynamic process that exhibits varying effects over time and across different locations.To further understand how water influences the mechanical properties and acoustic emission(AE)behavior of rocks,this study conducted uniaxial compression experiments on sandstones with varying degrees of wetting under both natural conditions and water-chemical environments.In addition,the study combined AE equipment with digital image correlation(DIC)to monitor the entire failure process.Using the sliding window algorithm,the variation in the variance of AE characteristic parameters during the process of sandstone loading to failure is analyzed from the perspective of critical slowing down.This analysis enables the effective identification of the early warning signal before failure.The experimental findings suggest that an increase in wetting height results in a gradual decrease in peak stress,accompanied by a concomitant increase in the percentage of shear cracks.The characteristic parameters,including energy,amplitude,and ringing count,all exhibit critical slowing phenomena.The waveform of AE characteristic parameters of the same sample is similar,and the mutation time of the precursor signal is roughly the same.All signals appear in the irreversible plastic deformation stage of microcrack initiation.The integration of critical slowing down theory and the b-value early warning method facilitates a more comprehensive evaluation of the stability of rock mass,thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency and safety of disaster prevention measures.
基金Projects(52374138,51764013)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20204BCJ22005)supported by the Training Plan for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Disciplines of Jiangxi Province,China+1 种基金Project(2019M652277)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(20192ACBL21014)supported by the Natural Science Youth Foundation Key Projects of Jiangxi Province,China。
文摘The cemented tailings backfill(CTB)with initial defects is more prone to destabilization damage under the influence of various unfavorable factors during the mining process.In order to investigate its influence on the stability of underground mining engineering,this paper simulates the generation of different degrees of initial defects inside the CTB by adding different contents of air-entraining agent(AEA),investigates the acoustic emission RA/AF eigenvalues of CTB with different contents of AEA under uniaxial compression,and adopts various denoising algorithms(e.g.,moving average smoothing,median filtering,and outlier detection)to improve the accuracy of the data.The variance and autocorrelation coefficients of RA/AF parameters were analyzed in conjunction with the critical slowing down(CSD)theory.The results show that the acoustic emission RA/AF values can be used to characterize the progressive damage evolution of CTB.The denoising algorithm processed the AE signals to reduce the effects of extraneous noise and anomalous spikes.Changes in the variance curves provide clear precursor information,while abrupt changes in the autocorrelation coefficient can be used as an auxiliary localization warning signal.The phenomenon of dramatic increase in the variance and autocorrelation coefficient curves during the compression-tightening stage,which is influenced by the initial defects,can lead to false warnings.As the initial defects of the CTB increase,its instability precursor time and instability time are prolonged,the peak stress decreases,and the time difference between the CTB and the instability damage is smaller.The results provide a new method for real-time monitoring and early warning of CTB instability damage.
基金supported by the Research Personnel Cultivation Programme of Zhongda Hospital Southeast(CZXM-GSP-RC172)the Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Projects(2022ZD0211600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271574 and 82502335).
文摘Current pharmacotherapies for Alzheimer's disease(AD)exhibit constrained transient symptomatic relief without halting underlying neurodegenerative progression.Based on the framework of the amyloid cascade and neurofibrillary tangle hypotheses[1],two FDA-approved antiamyloid monoclonal antibodies(Aβ-mAbs),Kisunla and Lecanemab,have demonstrated efficacy in removing cerebral amyloid buildup,thereby modestly slowing cognitive decline in AD patients[2,3].A 2023 meta-analysis in Neurology demonstrated that anti-amyloid therapies significantly accelerated brain volume loss compared to placebo,with Lecanemab demonstrating 36.4%greater volume reduction and Donanemab 23%.
基金Social Development Science and Technology Project of Dongguan Science and Technology Bureau(Project No.:20221800905302)。
文摘Background:Drug-coated balloons(DCBs)are receiving increasing attention in interventional therapy for coronary artery disease.However,evidence regarding their application in acute myocardial infarction(AMI),particularly in high-risk AMI patients,is limited,leading to significant clinical concerns.This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of DCBs versus standard drug-eluting stents(DESs)in AMI patients and explore their efficacy differences in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI),non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI),and different risk stratifications.Methods:A single-center,retrospective cohort study was conducted,involving 86 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for AMI between January 2023 and July 2025.Patients were divided into a DCB group(n=26)and a DES group(n=60)based on the treatment modality.According to the Killip classification of myocardial infarction at admission,patients were categorized into a low-risk group(Killip Class I,n=68)and a high-risk group(Killip Classes II-IV,n=18).The primary efficacy endpoint was targeting lesion restenosis as shown by coronary angiography follow-up(6-12 months).Safety endpoints included acute in-stent thrombosis during hospitalization(ARC criteria)and long-term coronary slow flow.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations between intervention modality,risk stratification,infarction type,and endpoint events,and to test for interactions.Results:The DCB and DES groups were generally balanced in terms of baseline traditional risk factors.During hospitalization,three cases(5.0%)of acute in-stent thrombosis occurred in the DES group,all requiring urgent re-intervention,while no such events occurred in the DCB group(0%).Acute in-stent thrombosis formation was significantly associated with high-risk stratification(χ2 test,p=0.047).The overall restenosis rate was 22.1%(19/86).Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference in restenosis risk between the intervention modalities(DCB vs.DES)(adjusted odds ratio[OR]=1.07,95%confidence interval[CI]0.27-4.21,p=0.920),and no statistical differences were found in subgroups based on risk stratification(p=0.382)or infarction type(p=0.484).There was a trend toward increased restenosis risk in high-risk patients(OR=12.34),but the difference was not statistically significant(95%CI 0.28-542.75,p=0.193).The incidence of long-term coronary slow flow was significantly higher in the DES group than in the DCB group(16.7%vs.3.8%,Fisher’s exact test,p=0.048),with a statistically significant difference.Conclusion:For AMI patients,DCBs demonstrate similar efficacy to DESs in preventing restenosis.However,DESs are associated with a higher risk of acute thrombosis during hospitalization,especially in high-risk patients,and a higher risk of long-term slow coronary flow.DCBs exhibit superior perioperative and long-term safety compared to DESs.Given the limited sample size,particularly the small number of high-risk patients and those treated with DCBs,the conclusions require validation through larger-scale prospective studies.
基金Supported by the 2024 Hospital Innovation Talent Cultivation Fund Project,No.2024YGKT12.
文摘BACKGROUND Xuanshen decoction(XSD)is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation that is often applied in treating slow transit constipation(STC).However,its specific therapeutic mechanism remains to be characterized.AIM To investigate the mechanism of XSD for STC,we combined network pharmacology prediction,molecular docking analysis,and in vivo studies.METHODS The therapeutic effects of XSD on loperamide-induced STC in rats were assessed through 24-hour fecal number,fecal moisture content,and intestinal propelling rate.Hematoxylin–eosin and Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining were applied to analyze colonic mucosa for histopathological presentation and mucin production.Next,the mechanism of action of XSD for STC was elucidated through network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses,and the findings were validated by the animal experiments.RESULTS XSD significantly alleviated the symptoms of STC in rats.Relative to the STC rats,in the medium-dose XSD and high-dose XSD rats,stem cell factor,C-kit,phosphophosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphoinositide 3-kinase,phospho-protein kinase B/protein kinase B,catalase,and superoxide dismutase were substantially upregulated(P<0.01);nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(nuclear/cytoplasmic)and B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)were increased(P<0.05),while cleaved caspase-3,Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)/Bcl-2,and malondialdehyde were significantly reduced(P<0.01).Heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione peroxidase in the high-dose XSD group were significantly increased(P<0.01),and Bax was statistically lowered(P<0.01);glutathione peroxidase in the medium-dose XSD group was increased(P<0.05),while Bax was reduced(P<0.05).CONCLUSION XSD may inhibit oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis in interstitial cells of Cajal by stimulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway,thereby effectively treating STC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1600304)Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development(No.U20A2073)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22373048,21973038,61904119 and 22105089)Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry(No.20212BCD42018)US National Science Foundation(NSF,No.CHE-2055499)the Interdisciplinary program of Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center(No.WHMFC202133)the support of the NSF Research Traineeship Program(No.DGE-2152168)。
文摘Two CoⅡ-based complexes,{[Co(dps)_(2)(N_(3))_(2)]·H_(2)O}_n(1)and[Co(dps)_(2)(N_(3))_(2)]_n(2),show a 1D chain and a 3D network,respectively.The central CoⅡions in the complexes have the same coordination environment with the[Co(dps)_(4)(N_(3))_(2)]unit.Although the differences in crystal parameters are nearly negligible,their magnetic properties are very different.AC susceptibility data show that 1 behaves as a typical field-induced single-ion magnet(SIM)with the out-of-phase(χ_(M)”)signals,while 2 shows ac signals ofχ_(M)”without peaks even under applied dc filed within our measurement window.Far-IR magneto-spectra(FIRMS)show strong spin-phonon couplings at 0 T in 2,likely making the magnetic relaxation in 2 fast,while the couplings are negligible in 1.Small spin-phonon coupling in 1 likely leads to slower magnetic relaxation,making 1 a SIM.The difference in the properties is due to the structural rigidity of 2 in its 3D network,leading to stronger spin-phonon coupling.Combined high-field EPR(HF-EPR)and FIRMS studies give spin-Hamiltonian parameters,including D=64.0(9)cm^(-1),|E|=15.7(2)cm^(-1)for 1 and D=80.0(2)cm^(-1),|E|=19.0(1)cm^(-1)for 2.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.2022B1515020003the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82174369,No.82405397,No.82374442,and No.81973847+2 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF No.GZC20233247National Key Clinical Disciplineand the Program of Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,No.2020B1111170004.
文摘BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD alleviates STC by downregulating the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and restoring intestinal barrier function.METHODS KM mice were divided into control,model,and HQD treatment groups.Fresh colonic tissues were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial tra-nscriptome sequencing.The expressions of claudin-1,mucin 2,and NF-κB P65 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.In vitro experiments evaluated the effects of HQD on the LS174T cell line.RESULTS HQD improved intestinal motility,restored mucosal epithelium function and morphology.Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing data showed a reduction in goblet cells,decreased mucin 2 secretion,and activated apoptotic pathways in STC mice.The population of intestinal stem cells was reduced,and proliferation along with Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited.STC also altered the distribution of intestinal cell states,increasing immune-associated Enterocyte_C3.Aberrant NF-κB pathway activation was noted across various cell types.After HQD treatment,NF-κB pathway activity was down-regulated,while cell proliferation pathways were up-regulated,alongside an increase in Enterocyte_C1 related to material transport.Immunocytochemical,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed NF-κB pathway activation in goblet cells of STC mice,with HQD inhibiting this aberrant activation.CONCLUSION STC involves intestinal mucosal barrier damage.HQD may treat STC by suppressing NF-κB signaling in epithelial cells,restoring intestinal epithelial cell function,and promoting mucosal barrier repair.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41204094)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462015YQ0506)
文摘The conventional acoustic logging interpretation method, which is based on vertical wells that penetrate isotropic formations, is not suitable for horizontal and deviated wells penetrating anisotropic formations. This unsuitability is because during horizontal and deviated well drilling, cuttings will splash on the well wall or fall into the borehole bottom and form a thin bed of cuttings. In addition, the high velocity layers at different depths and intrinsic anisotropy may affect acoustic logging measurements. In this study, we examine how these factors affect the acoustic wave slowness measured in horizontal and deviated wells that are surrounded by an anisotropic medium using numerical simulation. We use the staggered-grid finite difference method in time domain （FDTD） combined with hybrid-PML. First, we acquire the acoustic slowness using a simulated array logging system, and then, we analyze how various factors affect acoustic slowness measurements and the differences between the effects of these factors. The factors considered are high-velocity layers, thin beds of cuttings, dipping angle, formation thickness, and anisotropy. The simulation results show that these factors affect acoustic wave slowness measurements differently. We observe that when the wavelength is much smaller than the distance between the borehole wall and high velocity layer, the true slowness of the formation could be acquired. When the wavelengths are of the same order （i.e., in the near-field scenarios）, the geometrical acoustics theory is no longer applicable. Furthermore, when a thin bed of cuttings exists at the bottom of the borehole, Fermat＇s principle is still applicable, and true slowness can be acquired. In anisotropic formations, the measured slowness changes with increments in the dipping angle. Finally, for a measurement system with specific spacing, the slowness of a thin target layer can be acquired when the distance covered by the logging tool is sufficiently long. Based on systematical simulations with different dipping angles and anisotropy in homogenous TI media, slowness estimation charts are established to quantitatively determine the slowness at any dipping angle and for any value of the anisotropic ratio. Synthetic examples with different acoustic logging tools and different elastic parameters demonstrate that the acoustic slowness estimation method can be conveniently applied to horizontal and deviated wells in TI formations with high accuracy.
基金supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research,18H05475,18H05476 and JP20H00312)MRC International Collaborative Research Grant+4 种基金The authors would like to thank the Czech Science Foundation(Project No.22-22248S)specific university research(A1_FCHT_2024_007)for financial supportsupported by the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic.Project No.CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004591co-funded by the European UnionCzechNanoLab project LM2023051 funded by MEYS CR is gratefully acknowledged for the financial support of the measurements/sample fabrication at LNSM Research Infrastructure。
文摘The Mg-Y-Zn magnesium alloy system is known for the presence of Long-Period Stacking Ordered(LPSO)phases that improves strength and ductility with minimal amounts of alloying elements.Even better improvements are associated with the specific microstructure known as the Mille-Feuille(MF)structure that can occur in this alloy as well after proper heat treatment.This study systematically compares the traditional ingot metallurgy method with the Bridgman method(slow cooling),coupled with diverse heat treatments and extrusion process.Microscopic analyses reveal variations in the presence of LPSO phases,MF structure,and especially grain size,leading to divergent mechanical and corrosion properties.The Bridgman approach surprisingly stands out,ensuring superior mechanical properties due to kink and texture strengthening.
文摘Under the perspective of translation aesthetics,the article studies three Chinese-to-English translations of Slow,Slow Tune as research objects,comparing and contrasting the differences between the different translations under the perspective of translation aesthetics.The study finds that:Kenneth Rexroth’s translation is poor in textual understanding,with a lot of errors,and is too shallow in emotional expression,remaining only on the surface of the text;Lin Yutang makes occasional mistakes in understanding individual words,and is able to explore the implicit feelings of the lyricist,and his translation focuses on textual and phonological beauty;Xu Yuanchong’s translation is not only capable of conveying the meaning of the original work,but also of conveying the lyricist’s feelings more vividly and focusing on the phonological beauty.Xu Yuanchong’s translation not only conveys the meaning of the original work,but also vividly conveys the emotion of the lyricist,and pays attention to the beauty of sound.
文摘High-quality services in today’s mobile networks require stable delivery of bandwidth-intensive network content.Multipath QUIC(MPQUIC),as a multipath protocol that extends QUIC,can utilize multiple paths to support stable and efficient transmission.The standard coupled congestion control algorithm in MPQUIC synchronizes these paths to manage congestion,meeting fairness requirements and improving transmission efficiency.However,current algorithms’Congestion Window(CWND)reduction approach significantly decreases CWND upon packet loss,which lowers effective throughput,regardless of the congestion origin.Furthermore,the uncoupled Slow-Start(SS)in MPQUIC leads to independent exponential CWND growth on each path,potentially causing buffer overflow.To address these issues,we propose the CC-OLIA,which incorporates Packet Loss Classifcation(PLC)and Coupled Slow-Start(CSS).The PLC distinguishes between congestion-induced and random packet losses,adjusting CWND reduction accordingly to maintain throughput.Concurrently,the CSS module coordinates CWND growth during the SS,preventing abrupt increases.Implementation on MININET shows that CC-OLIA not only maintains fair performance but also enhances transmission efficiency across diverse network conditions.
文摘Laboratory and field observations have suggested a correlation between contact dynamics and slow dynamics.The underlying mechanical mechanisms at the contact level require investigation at the nanoscale.This study uses molecular dynamics(MD)simulations to investigate the interactions between two quartz plates separated by a water film,focusing on the relationship between adhesion force and separation distance.The density and orientation angle profiles were calculated from simulation data to investigate the relationship between the interfacial structure of the water film and contact potential.The simulations reveal multiple metastable states of the contact potential,consistent with existing theoretical models.The results show that the contact force is influenced by the structure of the water film,including oscillation forces and stratification.This provided verification and development for existing theoretical models based on metastable contacts.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41704031,42374040)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Science and Technology Department(20232BAB203073)the Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake,Ministry of Natural Resources(MEMI-2021-2022-29).
文摘The March 11,2011,MW9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake,in Japan,caused rapid strain release near the epicenter,while the Boso Peninsula,located farther away,experienced stress redistribution,leading to changes in the recurrence interval of slow slip events(SSEs)and regional strain.This study focuses on three detected post-2011 Boso SSEs,utilizing a segmented model displacement time series measured by Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)to calculate velocity and strain rate fields for eight periods before,during,and after the SSEs.Results show that the 2011 earthquake and the three SSEs significantly alter the velocity field in the Boso region,with SSE velocities predominantly oriented southeast,reaching maximum values of 26.9 cm/a,10.6 cm/a,and 38.5 cm/adnearly opposite to non-SSE periods.After the third SSE,the velocity field nearly returns to its pre-earthquake state,with a maximum of 1.8 cm/a.The maximum shear strain rates during the three SSEs are 25.88×10^(-7) a^(-1),11.38×10^(-7) a^(-1),and 29.02×10^(-7) a^(-1)(i.e.,per annum),significantly higher than those during non-slow slip periods,with principal strain rates following a similar pattern.The spatial distribution of strain rates during the SSEs indicates greater deformation compared to the non-slip periods,dominated by northwest-southeast extension and southwest-northeast compression.Spatiotemporal analysis reveals a strong correlation between seismic frequency and strain rate during the SSEs,with time correlation coefficients of 0.85,0.88,and 0.9.Although larger accumulated strain results in stronger strain release during the latter two SSEs,not all strain is fully released,suggesting that earthquake swarms accompanying the SSEs may contribute to the partial release of unreleased strain.This study,through the analysis of GNSS data,evaluates the spatiotemporal distribution of strain fields during periodic SSEs,contributing to further research on strain accumulation and release,and aiding in the analysis of this regional seismic activity.
基金Postdoctoral Science Fund(043201027)National Natural Science Key Foundation of China(41831290)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52079068).
文摘A kind of slow deformation wave is produced in the crust under the action of internal and external factors,which plays an important role in the formation and occurrence of earthquakes.In this paper,uniaxial compression tests are carried out on red sandstone samples with uniform texture.Displacement controlled loading methods are adopted,and the loading rates are 0.1 mm/min,0.5 mm/min and 1.0 mm/min,respectively.The micro-characterization method of speckle photography and DIC processing technology are adopted.The transfer characteristics of slow deformation and strain localization of red sandstone specimens during loading and deformation are discussed.The results show that the boundary advance velocity is proportional to the slow deformation transfer velocity with the change of position,so it can be considered that the slow deformation transfer velocity is equal to the particle motion transfer velocity.The formation and development of sample strain localization may be determined by the flow channel,nucleation and Luders zone evolution.The formation of the Luders band is related to the maximum value of the flow channel,and as deformation increases,the Luders band merges and develops with the maximum value of the nearby flow channel.By applying different loading rates,the influence of loading rate on the average transfer velocity of slow deformation was obtained;the slow deformation wave during seismic migration has similar characteristics to the deformation transfer in the experiment,therefore the research results have reference significance for further studies on the evolution characteristics of slow deformation waves and seismic migration.
