Sleep is an indispensable part of life−its deficiency has significant implications for overall health and wellbeing[1].In today’s fast-paced society,sleep loss from either stressful or non-stressful origins has becom...Sleep is an indispensable part of life−its deficiency has significant implications for overall health and wellbeing[1].In today’s fast-paced society,sleep loss from either stressful or non-stressful origins has become prevalent.Specifically,active sleep deprivation(ASD),resulting from extended use of smartphones and other recreational activities,has risen as a global health issue.Clinical research has underscored a strong correlation between chronic pain and inadequate sleep[2].The relationship between pain and sleep is reciprocal:pain disturbs sleep,while poor sleep quality,in turn,reduces pain tolerance and exacerbates spontaneous pain sensations[3].While these interplays are well-documented in cases of passive sleep deprivation(PSD)associated with external pressures or illnesses,understanding how and which regions of the brain collaborate to recalibrate the intricate neural circuitry governing pain perception during ASD remains a crucial yet unresolved frontier.展开更多
Sleep disturbances are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections.Previous studies have demonstrated abnormal b...Sleep disturbances are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections.Previous studies have demonstrated abnormal brain structures in patients with sleep disturbances who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,neuroimaging studies on sleep disturbances caused by COVID-19 are scarce,and existing studies have primarily focused on the long-term effects of the virus,with minimal acute phase data.As a result,little is known about the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances in the acute phase of COVID-19.To address this issue,we designed a longitudinal study to investigate whether alterations in brain structure occur during the acute phase of infection,and verified the results using 3-month follow-up data.A total of 26 COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances(aged 51.5±13.57 years,8 women and 18 men),27 COVID-19 patients without sleep disturbances(aged 47.33±15.98 years,9 women and 18 men),and 31 age-and gender-matched healthy controls(aged 49.19±17.51 years,9 women and 22 men)were included in this study.Eleven COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances were included in a longitudinal analysis.We found that COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances exhibited brain structural changes in almost all brain lobes.The cortical thicknesses of the left pars opercularis and left precuneus were significantly negatively correlated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores.Additionally,we observed changes in the volume of the hippocampus and its subfield regions in COVID-19 patients compared with the healthy controls.The 3-month follow-up data revealed indices of altered cerebral structure(cortical thickness,cortical grey matter volume,and cortical surface area)in the frontal-parietal cortex compared with the baseline in COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances.Our findings indicate that the sleep disturbances patients had altered morphology in the cortical and hippocampal structures during the acute phase of infection and persistent changes in cortical regions at 3 months post-infection.These data improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances caused by COVID-19.展开更多
Sleep health literacy encompasses the knowledge, motivation, and skills required to promote healthy sleep and recognize sleep disorders. In Japan, sleep-related issues are a significant contributor to prolonged studen...Sleep health literacy encompasses the knowledge, motivation, and skills required to promote healthy sleep and recognize sleep disorders. In Japan, sleep-related issues are a significant contributor to prolonged student absenteeism, underscoring the urgent need to address these challenges within school health programs. This review explores the historical evolution of Japan’s perspectives on sleep, shedding light on misconceptions rooted in Neo-Confucianism (Shushigaku), such as the notion of “sacrificing sleep for achievement”. While the 2018 Work Style Reform Act has introduced measures to ensure workplace rest, similar initiatives for students remain absent, perpetuating a culture of sleep deprivation. Misunderstandings surrounding adolescent sleep patterns, chronotypes, and sleep-related health factors are addressed. The review concludes by proposing seven core principles for advancing sleep health literacy: 1) Exposure to morning light;2) Engagement in daytime physical activity;3) Resting in darkness at night;4) Consuming breakfast and avoiding late-night meals;5) Maintaining regular elimination;6) Minimizing stimulants and excessive media use;7) Respecting pre-sleep rituals. Enhancing sleep health literacy, particularly within educational settings, is vital for tackling adolescent sleep challenges and fostering long-term well-being. School health professionals must take the lead in driving this transformative initiative.展开更多
Dear Editor,Sleep plays a vital role in physical health,influencing chronic diseases,memory,and overall quality of life[1,2].In recent years,the relationship between sleep health and physical activity has gained atten...Dear Editor,Sleep plays a vital role in physical health,influencing chronic diseases,memory,and overall quality of life[1,2].In recent years,the relationship between sleep health and physical activity has gained attention,with a particular focus on how daily step count affects various sleep metrics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavi...BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavior,and subjective well-being in the Indian population.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study.The recruited participants were evaluated using the BtP Scale,World Health Organzation-5 Well-Being index,Patient Health Ques-tionnaire-2,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item,Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale.RESULTS A total of 401 participants were recruited for the study.Symptoms of anxiety were higher in the female participants compared to males.Among females,there was a significant positive correlation between BtP score with symptoms of anxiety(r=0.23)and depression(r=0.15)and a negative correlation with subjective wellbeing(r=-0.23).A significant negative correlation was found between the ages of women and BtP score(r=-0.15).Among the male participants,there was a significant negative correlation of age with BtP score(r=-0.3)and anxiety(r=-0.19).Here,too,the BtP score was positively correlated with depression(r=0.18)and anxiety(r=0.35).CONCLUSION BtP worsens anxiety,depression,sleep quality,and subjective well-being.It needs to be targeted for the promotion and prevention of mental health.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep may influence academic performance through their impact on sleep quality.Differences in chronotype can further moderate this relationship,particularly among students with i...BACKGROUND Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep may influence academic performance through their impact on sleep quality.Differences in chronotype can further moderate this relationship,particularly among students with irregular sleep patterns.AIM To examine the indirect effects of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep on academic performance through sleep quality while considering individual differences in chronotypes among medical students.METHODS The participants were categorized by chronotype and administered the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and reported their grade point averages(GPAs).Mediation analysis was performed to examine indirect pathways through sleep quality.RESULTS Dysfunctional sleep beliefs did not directly affect academic success but indirectly impaired GPA via reduced sleep quality,especially in evening-type students.CONCLUSION Chronotype moderates the relationship between sleep quality and academic performance, highlighting the need for targeted cognitive interventions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common health problems in the elderly.The effect of social isolation on sleep duration and sleep quality remains unclear in the Chinese community-dwelling elderly.AIM To explore the asso...BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common health problems in the elderly.The effect of social isolation on sleep duration and sleep quality remains unclear in the Chinese community-dwelling elderly.AIM To explore the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly people.METHODS A total of 7762 community-dwelling elderly people aged 60 years and older in Ningbo were recruited from June 2022 to August 2022.Data were collected using a questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality.The KHB mediating effect model was used to test the mediating effect of depression and anxiety on these associations.RESULTS Among the participants,2656(34.2%)had abnormal sleep duration(<6 hours or>8 hours),1115(14.4%)had poor sleep quality,and 917(11.8%)had social isolation.After adjusting for confounding factors,compared with the elderly without social isolation,the odds ratios(95%CI)of abnormal sleep duration and poor sleep quality in the elderly with social isolation were 1.49(1.29-1.73)and 1.32(1.09-1.59),respectively.Depression partially mediated the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality,accounting for 5.68%and 9.87%of the mediating effect,respectively.CONCLUSION Social isolation was found to be associated with sleep duration and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly people.More attention should be paid to social isolation in the elderly.展开更多
Sleep disorders,particularly insomnia,have emerged as a critical public health challenge,with the situation worsened by the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.Insomnia symptoms,which affected up to 45%of the population...Sleep disorders,particularly insomnia,have emerged as a critical public health challenge,with the situation worsened by the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.Insomnia symptoms,which affected up to 45%of the population during this period,highlight the urgent need to understand the mechanisms linking sleep disturbances to mental health outcomes.Recent findings suggest that cognitive failures,such as memory lapses and attentional deficits,mediate the relationship between insomnia and emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.The role of personality traits,particularly neuroticism,adds further complexity,as it may either exacerbate or buffer these effects under specific conditions.This review explores the study by Li et al,which offers valuable insights into the cognitive-emotional pathways influenced by sleep disturbances.The study makes significant contributions by identifying key cognitive mechanisms and proposing the dual role of neuroticism in shaping emotional outcomes.To advance these findings,this letter advocates for future longitudinal research and the integration of targeted interventions,such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia,into public health frameworks.By addressing insomnia-induced cognitive dysfunction,these strategies can enhance emotional regulation and foster resilience,particularly in vulnerable populations facing the mental health impacts of the pandemic.展开更多
Sleep disturbances and disorders are commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),with affected children frequently experiencing delayed sleep onset,frequent nighttime awakenings,morning fat...Sleep disturbances and disorders are commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),with affected children frequently experiencing delayed sleep onset,frequent nighttime awakenings,morning fatigue,and excessive daytime sleepiness.A bidirectional relationship exists between ADHD and sleep disturbances:Sleep deprivation is linked to increased inattention and emotional dysregulation,while evening hyperactivity and impulsivity may contribute to difficulty falling asleep.Central nervous system stimulants remain the first-line treatment for managing ADHD symptoms;however,insomnia can be a common side effect.Notably,newer and long-acting stimulants formulations have demonstrated extended benefit into evening with limited impact on sleep in recent studies.This narrative review summarizes the various sleep disorders associated with ADHD,outlines clinical approaches for sleep assessment,and evaluates the impact of ADHD treatments on sleep.It also highlights both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions for managing sleep problems in children with ADHD.Finally,the review offers practical recommendations to help clinicians optimize both sleep and daytime functioning in patients with ADHD.ADHD should be conceptualized as a 24-hour disorder,requiring integrated treatment strategies that address both daytime symptoms and nighttime sleep challenges.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 ...AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 and above from 30 regions in China participated in a crosssectional online survey in February 2020.The survey utilized the ASQ-17,which had been proven reliable and validated for assessing asthenopia-related symptoms experienced in the past two weeks among the Chinese population.Data on demographics and living conditions,including age,gender,humidity,air quality in their residential areas,frequency of heightened anxiety or depression,daily duration of near vision activity,sleep duration,sleep quality,and history of eye surgery,were collected.Principal component analysis and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify independent factors associated with asthenopia.RESULTS:Out of the 2502 participants,with an average age of 31±8y included in the analysis,asthenopia was prevalent in 35.2%of cases.Multivariate analysis revealed that the most influential risk factor was poor sleep and mental well-being,which encompassed shorter daily sleep duration,lower sleep quality,and more frequent feelings of heightened anxiety or depression[odds ratio(OR):2.07,95%confidence interval(CI):1.88–2.29,P<0.001].This was followed by each additional 2h of daily near vision activity relative to 4h(OR:1.33,95%CI:1.21–1.45,P<0.001),and lower humidity and worse air quality in the residential area(OR:1.10,95%CI:1.02–1.21,P=0.019).CONCLUSION:Asthenopia is a common issue among Chinese adults,and preventative measures should focus on improving sleep and mental well-being.Further research targeting physiological exposure,different age groups or longitudinal studies to establish causality are needed to explore the role of sleep and mental status as an influencing factor.展开更多
The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given th...The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given the heightened metabolic activity of the brain,there exists a considerable demand for nutrients in comparison to other organs.Among these,the branched-chain amino acids,comprising leucine,isoleucine,and valine,display distinctive significance,from their contribution to protein structure to their involvement in overall metabolism,especially in cerebral processes.Among the first amino acids that are released into circulation post-food intake,branched-chain amino acids assume a pivotal role in the regulation of protein synthesis,modulating insulin secretion and the amino acid sensing pathway of target of rapamycin.Branched-chain amino acids are key players in influencing the brain's uptake of monoamine precursors,competing for a shared transporter.Beyond their involvement in protein synthesis,these amino acids contribute to the metabolic cycles ofγ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate,as well as energy metabolism.Notably,they impact GABAergic neurons and the excitation/inhibition balance.The rhythmicity of branchedchain amino acids in plasma concentrations,observed over a 24-hour cycle and conserved in rodent models,is under circadian clock control.The mechanisms underlying those rhythms and the physiological consequences of their disruption are not fully understood.Disturbed sleep,obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases can elevate branched-chain amino acid concentrations or modify their oscillatory dynamics.The mechanisms driving these effects are currently the focal point of ongoing research efforts,since normalizing branched-chain amino acid levels has the ability to alleviate the severity of these pathologies.In this context,the Drosophila model,though underutilized,holds promise in shedding new light on these mechanisms.Initial findings indicate its potential to introduce novel concepts,particularly in elucidating the intricate connections between the circadian clock,sleep/wake,and metabolism.Consequently,the use and transport of branched-chain amino acids emerge as critical components and orchestrators in the web of interactions across multiple organs throughout the sleep/wake cycle.They could represent one of the so far elusive mechanisms connecting sleep patterns to metabolic and cardiovascular health,paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)may be associated with sleep disorders.In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two,we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep diso...Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)may be associated with sleep disorders.In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two,we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep disorders,especially obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),on the incidence of NAFLD,and analyzed the possible mechanisms after adjusting for confounding factors.NAFLD is independently associated with sleep disorders.Different sleep disorders may be the cause of the onset and aggravation of NAFLD.An excessive or insufficient sleep duration,poor sleep quality,insomnia,sleep-wake disorders,and OSA may increase the incidence of NAFLD.Despite that some research suggests a unidirectional causal link between the two,specifically,the onset of NAFLD is identified as a result of changes in sleep characteristics,and the reverse relationship does not hold true.Nevertheless,there is still a lack of specific research elucidating the reasons behind the higher risk of developing sleep disorders in individuals with NAFLD.Further research is needed to establish a clear relationship between NAFLD and sleep disorders.This will lay the groundwork for earlier identification of potential patients,which is crucial for earlier monitoring,diagnosis,effective prevention,and treatment of NAFLD.展开更多
Astrocytes are functionally dynamic cells that support neurons in multiple ways throughout an organism’s lifespan.The astrocytic regulation of neuronal activity has been increasingly recognized in recent years.Astroc...Astrocytes are functionally dynamic cells that support neurons in multiple ways throughout an organism’s lifespan.The astrocytic regulation of neuronal activity has been increasingly recognized in recent years.Astrocytes are now recognized as playing a more complex role than mere bystanders in the central nervous system.However,their role in regulating the sleep neurocircuitry is not well understood.From this perspective,we highlight the role of astrocytes in sleep modulation,with a particular focus on regulatory mechanisms related to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus(VLPO)of the hypothalamus.We briefly discuss recent literature reporting the role of VLPO astrocytes in regulating sleep-associated behaviors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)has a high risk of progression to Alzheimer’s disease.The disease is often accompanied by sleep disorders,and whether sleep disorders have an effect on brain function in patie...BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)has a high risk of progression to Alzheimer’s disease.The disease is often accompanied by sleep disorders,and whether sleep disorders have an effect on brain function in patients with MCI is unclear.AIM To explore the near-infrared brain function characteristics of MCI with sleep disorders.METHODS A total of 120 patients with MCI(MCI group)and 50 healthy subjects(control group)were selected.All subjects underwent the functional near-infrared spec-troscopy test.Collect baseline data,Mini-Mental State Examination,Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale,fatigue severity scale(FSS)score,sleep parameter,and oxyhemoglobin(Oxy-Hb)concentration and peak time of functional near-infrared spectroscopy test during the task period.The relationship between Oxy-RESULTS Compared with the control group,the FSS score of the MCI group was higher(t=11.310),and the scores of Pittsburgh sleep quality index,sleep time,sleep efficiency,nocturnal sleep disturbance,and daytime dysfunction were higher(Z=-10.518,-10.368,-9.035,-10.661,-10.088).Subjective sleep quality and total sleep time scores were lower(Z=-11.592,-9.924).The sleep efficiency of the MCI group was lower,and the awakening frequency,rem sleep latency period,total sleep time,and oxygen desaturation index were higher(t=5.969,5.829,2.887,3.003,5.937).The Oxy-Hb concentration at T0,T1,and T2 in the MCI group was lower(t=14.940,11.280,5.721),and the peak time was higher(t=18.800,13.350,9.827).In MCI patients,the concentration of Oxy-Hb during T0 was negatively correlated with the scores of Pittsburgh sleep quality index,sleep time,total sleep time,and sleep efficiency(r=-0.611,-0.388,-0.563,-0.356).It was positively correlated with sleep efficiency and total sleep time(r=0.754,0.650),and negatively correlated with oxygen desaturation index(r=-0.561)and FSS score(r=-0.526).All comparisons were P<0.05.CONCLUSION Patients with MCI and sleep disorders have lower near-infrared brain function than normal people,which is related to sleep quality.Clinically,a comprehensive assessment of the near-infrared brain function of patients should be carried out to guide targeted treatment and improve curative effect.展开更多
Background: The study’s primary research suggests the relationship between high-school international students in China’s sleep quality and learning efficiency which is academic performance. Considering the effect of...Background: The study’s primary research suggests the relationship between high-school international students in China’s sleep quality and learning efficiency which is academic performance. Considering the effect of Chinese traditional cultural background, this study mainly investigates Chinese international high school students’ sleeping quality and patterns through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Methods: A sample of 249 Chinese high school students in the Pearl River Region completed the questionnaire about their sleep quality using PSQI, their academic performance, and socio-demographic factors one month before the final exam in July 2023. Results: None of the students have good sleep quality, according to the PSQI;40.8% of students have poor sleep quality, and 59.2% have significant sleep disturbance. The results of ordinal logistic regression show that good sleep quality is positively associated with good academic performance. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the association between sleep and academic performance on the unique sleep patterns of Chinese international high school students, who often follow very different sleep patterns from other conventional students enrolled in the regular curriculum. High school students suffer from severe sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality. Under great academic stress, Chinese high school students should know the importance of sleep, balance sleep, and study.展开更多
Memory is a cognitive process through which past experiences are encoded,stored,and retrieved,playing a crucial role in intelligent behavior.It is well established that the hippocampus continues to reactivate memories...Memory is a cognitive process through which past experiences are encoded,stored,and retrieved,playing a crucial role in intelligent behavior.It is well established that the hippocampus continues to reactivate memories for several days after learning,and this process primarily occurs during sleep[1,2].The prevailing view suggests that sharp-wave ripples(SWRs)during non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep serve as key electrophysiological signatures of memory replay[3,4].However,only a small portion of SWRs contain memory replay[5].The direct relationship among SWRs,memory replay,and memory consolidation remains an open question.Another unresolved issue is how the hippocampus simultaneously reactivates both new and old memories while preventing interference.展开更多
Background:Poor sleep quality has been associated with changes in brain volume among veterans,particularly those who have experienced mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).This stud...Background:Poor sleep quality has been associated with changes in brain volume among veterans,particularly those who have experienced mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).This study sought to investigate:1)whether poor sleep quality is associated with decreased cortical thickness in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans,and 2)whether these associations differ topographically depending on the presence or absence of mTBI and PTSD.Methods:A sample of 440 post-9/11 era U.S.veterans enrolled in the Translational Research Center for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stress Disorders study at VA Boston,MA from 2010 to 2022 was included in the study.We examined the relationship between sleep quality,as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and cortical thickness in veterans with mTBI(n=57),PTSD(n=110),comorbid mTBI and PTSD(n=129),and neither PTSD nor mTBI(n=144).To determine the topographical relationship between subjective sleep quality and cortical thickness in each diagnostic group,we employed a General Linear Model(GLM)at each vertex on the cortical mantle.The extent of topographical overlap between the resulting statistical maps was assessed using Dice coefficients.Results:There were no significant associations between PSQI and cortical thickness in the group without PTSD or mTBI(n=144)or in the PTSD-only group(n=110).In the mTBI-only group(n=57),lower sleep quality was significantly associated with reduced thickness bilaterally in frontal,cingulate,and precuneus regions,as well as in the right parietal and temporal regions(β=-0.0137,P<0.0005).In the comorbid mTBI and PTSD group(n=129),significant associations were observed bilaterally in frontal,precentral,and precuneus regions,in the left cingulate and the right parietal regions(β=-0.0094,P<0.0005).Interaction analysis revealed that there was a stronger relationship between poor sleep quality and decreased cortical thickness in individuals with mTBI(n=186)compared with those without mTBI(n=254)specifically in the frontal and cingulate regions(β=-0.0077,P<0.0005).Conclusions:This study demonstrates a significant relationship between poor sleep quality and lower cortical thickness primarily within frontal regions among individuals with both isolated mTBI or comorbid diagnoses of mTBI and PTSD.Thus,if directionality is established in longitudinal and interventional studies,it may be crucial to consider addressing sleep in the treatment of veterans who have sustained mTBI.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adolescents with an evening chronotype are at higher risk for mental health problems,such as depression and anxiety.However,the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood.Sleep disturba...BACKGROUND Adolescents with an evening chronotype are at higher risk for mental health problems,such as depression and anxiety.However,the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood.Sleep disturbances and impaired social functioning may mediate this association.AIM To examine the mediating roles of sleep quality and social functioning in the relationship between chronotype and mental health in adolescents.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 381 adolescents(mean age 14.3 years;61.9%male)using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire,Hamilton Depression Rating Scale,Hamilton Anxiety Scale,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,and Social Disability Screening Schedule.Descriptive statistics,Pearson correlation analyses,and chain mediation analysis using the bootstrap method were performed.RESULTS Chronotype was significantly associated with both depression and anxiety.Sleep quality and social functioning significantly mediated these relationships.The indirect effect on depression was-0.52,accounting for 69.3%of the total effect.For anxiety, the indirect effect was -0.39, accounting for 79.3%. No significant direct effect of chronotype on depressionor anxiety was found after accounting for the mediators.CONCLUSIONSleep quality and social functioning mediate the association between chronotype and adolescent mental health.These findings highlight the importance of addressing sleep disturbances and social functioning impairments ininterventions aimed at improving mental well-being among adolescents with evening chronotypes.展开更多
The hippocampus is the brain structure that is responsible for the formation of learning memories.Sleep disorders leading to cognitive impairment are strongly associated with the hippocampus.Phototherapy offers a new ...The hippocampus is the brain structure that is responsible for the formation of learning memories.Sleep disorders leading to cognitive impairment are strongly associated with the hippocampus.Phototherapy offers a new physical therapy for the treatment of sleep disorders,with the advantages of being noninvasive and having few side effects.However,the mechanism by which phototherapy improves cognitive impairment caused by sleep disorders remains unclear.In this study,we used phototherapy combined with optogenetic technology to investigate the effect of noninvasive phototherapy on cognitive functions in sleep-deprived mice.Our results suggest that phototherapy might improve cognitive functions in sleep-deprived mice by modulating the hippocampus.Our study expands the research progress on noninvasive phototherapy for the treatment of sleep disorders.展开更多
Background: Exercise has positive impacts on metabolic health, whereas sleep loss has potentially negative impacts. This systematic literature review investigates whether acute and short-term exercise interventions ca...Background: Exercise has positive impacts on metabolic health, whereas sleep loss has potentially negative impacts. This systematic literature review investigates whether acute and short-term exercise interventions can mitigate negative effects of experimentally-induced sleep loss on metabolic markers in humans.Methods: A systematic search(PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines was conducted up to June 2024 for studies that compared glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle gene expression, and other molecular markers following an acute or short-term(<14 days) exercise intervention during experimentally-induced sleep loss in adult humans. Articles were considered for inclusion and assessed for eligibility using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design(PICOS) framework, and critically appraised with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool.Results: Of the identified records, 4026 records were screened, with 12 studies meeting all the inclusion criteria and including 177 participants.Sleep intervention varied from a single night of total sleep deprivation to 5 consecutive nights of 4-h sleep opportunity(e.g., early or late sleep restriction), while exercise intervention varied in terms of model(walking/running, cycling, and resistance exercise), volume(e.g., minute to hour), and intensity(e.g., maximum efforts to low-intensity exercise). Most studies indicated a negative effect of insufficient sleep on glucose and insulin concentration as well as mitochondrial adaptations, whereas exercise had a positive impact, mitigating the negative effects on the aforementioned parameters.Conclusion: Exercise is likely to be effective as a therapeutic intervention for mitigating the negative effects of sleep loss on metabolic markers,at least in short-term intervention studies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20418).
文摘Sleep is an indispensable part of life−its deficiency has significant implications for overall health and wellbeing[1].In today’s fast-paced society,sleep loss from either stressful or non-stressful origins has become prevalent.Specifically,active sleep deprivation(ASD),resulting from extended use of smartphones and other recreational activities,has risen as a global health issue.Clinical research has underscored a strong correlation between chronic pain and inadequate sleep[2].The relationship between pain and sleep is reciprocal:pain disturbs sleep,while poor sleep quality,in turn,reduces pain tolerance and exacerbates spontaneous pain sensations[3].While these interplays are well-documented in cases of passive sleep deprivation(PSD)associated with external pressures or illnesses,understanding how and which regions of the brain collaborate to recalibrate the intricate neural circuitry governing pain perception during ASD remains a crucial yet unresolved frontier.
基金supported by grants from Major Project of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,No.Guike-AA22096018(to JY)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program,No.AB22080053(to DD)+6 种基金Major Project of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,No.Guike-AA23023004(to MZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82260021(to MZ),82060315(to DD)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,No.2021GXNSFBA220007(to GD)Clinical Research Center For Medical Imaging in Hunan Province,No.2020SK4001(to JL)Key Emergency Project of Pneumonia Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hunan Province,No.2020SK3006(to JL)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2021RC4016(to JL)Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2024JJ3041(to JL).
文摘Sleep disturbances are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections.Previous studies have demonstrated abnormal brain structures in patients with sleep disturbances who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,neuroimaging studies on sleep disturbances caused by COVID-19 are scarce,and existing studies have primarily focused on the long-term effects of the virus,with minimal acute phase data.As a result,little is known about the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances in the acute phase of COVID-19.To address this issue,we designed a longitudinal study to investigate whether alterations in brain structure occur during the acute phase of infection,and verified the results using 3-month follow-up data.A total of 26 COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances(aged 51.5±13.57 years,8 women and 18 men),27 COVID-19 patients without sleep disturbances(aged 47.33±15.98 years,9 women and 18 men),and 31 age-and gender-matched healthy controls(aged 49.19±17.51 years,9 women and 22 men)were included in this study.Eleven COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances were included in a longitudinal analysis.We found that COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances exhibited brain structural changes in almost all brain lobes.The cortical thicknesses of the left pars opercularis and left precuneus were significantly negatively correlated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores.Additionally,we observed changes in the volume of the hippocampus and its subfield regions in COVID-19 patients compared with the healthy controls.The 3-month follow-up data revealed indices of altered cerebral structure(cortical thickness,cortical grey matter volume,and cortical surface area)in the frontal-parietal cortex compared with the baseline in COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances.Our findings indicate that the sleep disturbances patients had altered morphology in the cortical and hippocampal structures during the acute phase of infection and persistent changes in cortical regions at 3 months post-infection.These data improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances caused by COVID-19.
文摘Sleep health literacy encompasses the knowledge, motivation, and skills required to promote healthy sleep and recognize sleep disorders. In Japan, sleep-related issues are a significant contributor to prolonged student absenteeism, underscoring the urgent need to address these challenges within school health programs. This review explores the historical evolution of Japan’s perspectives on sleep, shedding light on misconceptions rooted in Neo-Confucianism (Shushigaku), such as the notion of “sacrificing sleep for achievement”. While the 2018 Work Style Reform Act has introduced measures to ensure workplace rest, similar initiatives for students remain absent, perpetuating a culture of sleep deprivation. Misunderstandings surrounding adolescent sleep patterns, chronotypes, and sleep-related health factors are addressed. The review concludes by proposing seven core principles for advancing sleep health literacy: 1) Exposure to morning light;2) Engagement in daytime physical activity;3) Resting in darkness at night;4) Consuming breakfast and avoiding late-night meals;5) Maintaining regular elimination;6) Minimizing stimulants and excessive media use;7) Respecting pre-sleep rituals. Enhancing sleep health literacy, particularly within educational settings, is vital for tackling adolescent sleep challenges and fostering long-term well-being. School health professionals must take the lead in driving this transformative initiative.
文摘Dear Editor,Sleep plays a vital role in physical health,influencing chronic diseases,memory,and overall quality of life[1,2].In recent years,the relationship between sleep health and physical activity has gained attention,with a particular focus on how daily step count affects various sleep metrics.
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavior,and subjective well-being in the Indian population.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study.The recruited participants were evaluated using the BtP Scale,World Health Organzation-5 Well-Being index,Patient Health Ques-tionnaire-2,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item,Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale.RESULTS A total of 401 participants were recruited for the study.Symptoms of anxiety were higher in the female participants compared to males.Among females,there was a significant positive correlation between BtP score with symptoms of anxiety(r=0.23)and depression(r=0.15)and a negative correlation with subjective wellbeing(r=-0.23).A significant negative correlation was found between the ages of women and BtP score(r=-0.15).Among the male participants,there was a significant negative correlation of age with BtP score(r=-0.3)and anxiety(r=-0.19).Here,too,the BtP score was positively correlated with depression(r=0.18)and anxiety(r=0.35).CONCLUSION BtP worsens anxiety,depression,sleep quality,and subjective well-being.It needs to be targeted for the promotion and prevention of mental health.
文摘BACKGROUND Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep may influence academic performance through their impact on sleep quality.Differences in chronotype can further moderate this relationship,particularly among students with irregular sleep patterns.AIM To examine the indirect effects of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep on academic performance through sleep quality while considering individual differences in chronotypes among medical students.METHODS The participants were categorized by chronotype and administered the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and reported their grade point averages(GPAs).Mediation analysis was performed to examine indirect pathways through sleep quality.RESULTS Dysfunctional sleep beliefs did not directly affect academic success but indirectly impaired GPA via reduced sleep quality,especially in evening-type students.CONCLUSION Chronotype moderates the relationship between sleep quality and academic performance, highlighting the need for targeted cognitive interventions.
基金Supported by Ningbo Medical and Health Brand Discipline,No.PPXK2024-07and Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program,No.2022030410.
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common health problems in the elderly.The effect of social isolation on sleep duration and sleep quality remains unclear in the Chinese community-dwelling elderly.AIM To explore the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly people.METHODS A total of 7762 community-dwelling elderly people aged 60 years and older in Ningbo were recruited from June 2022 to August 2022.Data were collected using a questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality.The KHB mediating effect model was used to test the mediating effect of depression and anxiety on these associations.RESULTS Among the participants,2656(34.2%)had abnormal sleep duration(<6 hours or>8 hours),1115(14.4%)had poor sleep quality,and 917(11.8%)had social isolation.After adjusting for confounding factors,compared with the elderly without social isolation,the odds ratios(95%CI)of abnormal sleep duration and poor sleep quality in the elderly with social isolation were 1.49(1.29-1.73)and 1.32(1.09-1.59),respectively.Depression partially mediated the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality,accounting for 5.68%and 9.87%of the mediating effect,respectively.CONCLUSION Social isolation was found to be associated with sleep duration and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly people.More attention should be paid to social isolation in the elderly.
基金Supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-RS-2023-00237287.
文摘Sleep disorders,particularly insomnia,have emerged as a critical public health challenge,with the situation worsened by the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.Insomnia symptoms,which affected up to 45%of the population during this period,highlight the urgent need to understand the mechanisms linking sleep disturbances to mental health outcomes.Recent findings suggest that cognitive failures,such as memory lapses and attentional deficits,mediate the relationship between insomnia and emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.The role of personality traits,particularly neuroticism,adds further complexity,as it may either exacerbate or buffer these effects under specific conditions.This review explores the study by Li et al,which offers valuable insights into the cognitive-emotional pathways influenced by sleep disturbances.The study makes significant contributions by identifying key cognitive mechanisms and proposing the dual role of neuroticism in shaping emotional outcomes.To advance these findings,this letter advocates for future longitudinal research and the integration of targeted interventions,such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia,into public health frameworks.By addressing insomnia-induced cognitive dysfunction,these strategies can enhance emotional regulation and foster resilience,particularly in vulnerable populations facing the mental health impacts of the pandemic.
文摘Sleep disturbances and disorders are commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),with affected children frequently experiencing delayed sleep onset,frequent nighttime awakenings,morning fatigue,and excessive daytime sleepiness.A bidirectional relationship exists between ADHD and sleep disturbances:Sleep deprivation is linked to increased inattention and emotional dysregulation,while evening hyperactivity and impulsivity may contribute to difficulty falling asleep.Central nervous system stimulants remain the first-line treatment for managing ADHD symptoms;however,insomnia can be a common side effect.Notably,newer and long-acting stimulants formulations have demonstrated extended benefit into evening with limited impact on sleep in recent studies.This narrative review summarizes the various sleep disorders associated with ADHD,outlines clinical approaches for sleep assessment,and evaluates the impact of ADHD treatments on sleep.It also highlights both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions for managing sleep problems in children with ADHD.Finally,the review offers practical recommendations to help clinicians optimize both sleep and daytime functioning in patients with ADHD.ADHD should be conceptualized as a 24-hour disorder,requiring integrated treatment strategies that address both daytime symptoms and nighttime sleep challenges.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(No.Y20240062)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82000861).
文摘AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 and above from 30 regions in China participated in a crosssectional online survey in February 2020.The survey utilized the ASQ-17,which had been proven reliable and validated for assessing asthenopia-related symptoms experienced in the past two weeks among the Chinese population.Data on demographics and living conditions,including age,gender,humidity,air quality in their residential areas,frequency of heightened anxiety or depression,daily duration of near vision activity,sleep duration,sleep quality,and history of eye surgery,were collected.Principal component analysis and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify independent factors associated with asthenopia.RESULTS:Out of the 2502 participants,with an average age of 31±8y included in the analysis,asthenopia was prevalent in 35.2%of cases.Multivariate analysis revealed that the most influential risk factor was poor sleep and mental well-being,which encompassed shorter daily sleep duration,lower sleep quality,and more frequent feelings of heightened anxiety or depression[odds ratio(OR):2.07,95%confidence interval(CI):1.88–2.29,P<0.001].This was followed by each additional 2h of daily near vision activity relative to 4h(OR:1.33,95%CI:1.21–1.45,P<0.001),and lower humidity and worse air quality in the residential area(OR:1.10,95%CI:1.02–1.21,P=0.019).CONCLUSION:Asthenopia is a common issue among Chinese adults,and preventative measures should focus on improving sleep and mental well-being.Further research targeting physiological exposure,different age groups or longitudinal studies to establish causality are needed to explore the role of sleep and mental status as an influencing factor.
基金supported by a grant from the French Society of Sleep Research and Medicine(to LS)The China Scholarship Council(to HL)The CNRS,INSERM,Claude Bernard University Lyon1(to LS)。
文摘The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given the heightened metabolic activity of the brain,there exists a considerable demand for nutrients in comparison to other organs.Among these,the branched-chain amino acids,comprising leucine,isoleucine,and valine,display distinctive significance,from their contribution to protein structure to their involvement in overall metabolism,especially in cerebral processes.Among the first amino acids that are released into circulation post-food intake,branched-chain amino acids assume a pivotal role in the regulation of protein synthesis,modulating insulin secretion and the amino acid sensing pathway of target of rapamycin.Branched-chain amino acids are key players in influencing the brain's uptake of monoamine precursors,competing for a shared transporter.Beyond their involvement in protein synthesis,these amino acids contribute to the metabolic cycles ofγ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate,as well as energy metabolism.Notably,they impact GABAergic neurons and the excitation/inhibition balance.The rhythmicity of branchedchain amino acids in plasma concentrations,observed over a 24-hour cycle and conserved in rodent models,is under circadian clock control.The mechanisms underlying those rhythms and the physiological consequences of their disruption are not fully understood.Disturbed sleep,obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases can elevate branched-chain amino acid concentrations or modify their oscillatory dynamics.The mechanisms driving these effects are currently the focal point of ongoing research efforts,since normalizing branched-chain amino acid levels has the ability to alleviate the severity of these pathologies.In this context,the Drosophila model,though underutilized,holds promise in shedding new light on these mechanisms.Initial findings indicate its potential to introduce novel concepts,particularly in elucidating the intricate connections between the circadian clock,sleep/wake,and metabolism.Consequently,the use and transport of branched-chain amino acids emerge as critical components and orchestrators in the web of interactions across multiple organs throughout the sleep/wake cycle.They could represent one of the so far elusive mechanisms connecting sleep patterns to metabolic and cardiovascular health,paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82360880,and 82060661Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.20232ACB206057+3 种基金Key project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education,No.GJJ218104Teaching reform research project of Jiangxi Province of China,No.JXJG-22-130-1National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81660151Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.20212BAB206092.
文摘Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)may be associated with sleep disorders.In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two,we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep disorders,especially obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),on the incidence of NAFLD,and analyzed the possible mechanisms after adjusting for confounding factors.NAFLD is independently associated with sleep disorders.Different sleep disorders may be the cause of the onset and aggravation of NAFLD.An excessive or insufficient sleep duration,poor sleep quality,insomnia,sleep-wake disorders,and OSA may increase the incidence of NAFLD.Despite that some research suggests a unidirectional causal link between the two,specifically,the onset of NAFLD is identified as a result of changes in sleep characteristics,and the reverse relationship does not hold true.Nevertheless,there is still a lack of specific research elucidating the reasons behind the higher risk of developing sleep disorders in individuals with NAFLD.Further research is needed to establish a clear relationship between NAFLD and sleep disorders.This will lay the groundwork for earlier identification of potential patients,which is crucial for earlier monitoring,diagnosis,effective prevention,and treatment of NAFLD.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(2017R1A5A2015391 and 2020M3E5D9079764)(to KS).
文摘Astrocytes are functionally dynamic cells that support neurons in multiple ways throughout an organism’s lifespan.The astrocytic regulation of neuronal activity has been increasingly recognized in recent years.Astrocytes are now recognized as playing a more complex role than mere bystanders in the central nervous system.However,their role in regulating the sleep neurocircuitry is not well understood.From this perspective,we highlight the role of astrocytes in sleep modulation,with a particular focus on regulatory mechanisms related to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus(VLPO)of the hypothalamus.We briefly discuss recent literature reporting the role of VLPO astrocytes in regulating sleep-associated behaviors.
文摘BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)has a high risk of progression to Alzheimer’s disease.The disease is often accompanied by sleep disorders,and whether sleep disorders have an effect on brain function in patients with MCI is unclear.AIM To explore the near-infrared brain function characteristics of MCI with sleep disorders.METHODS A total of 120 patients with MCI(MCI group)and 50 healthy subjects(control group)were selected.All subjects underwent the functional near-infrared spec-troscopy test.Collect baseline data,Mini-Mental State Examination,Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale,fatigue severity scale(FSS)score,sleep parameter,and oxyhemoglobin(Oxy-Hb)concentration and peak time of functional near-infrared spectroscopy test during the task period.The relationship between Oxy-RESULTS Compared with the control group,the FSS score of the MCI group was higher(t=11.310),and the scores of Pittsburgh sleep quality index,sleep time,sleep efficiency,nocturnal sleep disturbance,and daytime dysfunction were higher(Z=-10.518,-10.368,-9.035,-10.661,-10.088).Subjective sleep quality and total sleep time scores were lower(Z=-11.592,-9.924).The sleep efficiency of the MCI group was lower,and the awakening frequency,rem sleep latency period,total sleep time,and oxygen desaturation index were higher(t=5.969,5.829,2.887,3.003,5.937).The Oxy-Hb concentration at T0,T1,and T2 in the MCI group was lower(t=14.940,11.280,5.721),and the peak time was higher(t=18.800,13.350,9.827).In MCI patients,the concentration of Oxy-Hb during T0 was negatively correlated with the scores of Pittsburgh sleep quality index,sleep time,total sleep time,and sleep efficiency(r=-0.611,-0.388,-0.563,-0.356).It was positively correlated with sleep efficiency and total sleep time(r=0.754,0.650),and negatively correlated with oxygen desaturation index(r=-0.561)and FSS score(r=-0.526).All comparisons were P<0.05.CONCLUSION Patients with MCI and sleep disorders have lower near-infrared brain function than normal people,which is related to sleep quality.Clinically,a comprehensive assessment of the near-infrared brain function of patients should be carried out to guide targeted treatment and improve curative effect.
文摘Background: The study’s primary research suggests the relationship between high-school international students in China’s sleep quality and learning efficiency which is academic performance. Considering the effect of Chinese traditional cultural background, this study mainly investigates Chinese international high school students’ sleeping quality and patterns through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Methods: A sample of 249 Chinese high school students in the Pearl River Region completed the questionnaire about their sleep quality using PSQI, their academic performance, and socio-demographic factors one month before the final exam in July 2023. Results: None of the students have good sleep quality, according to the PSQI;40.8% of students have poor sleep quality, and 59.2% have significant sleep disturbance. The results of ordinal logistic regression show that good sleep quality is positively associated with good academic performance. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the association between sleep and academic performance on the unique sleep patterns of Chinese international high school students, who often follow very different sleep patterns from other conventional students enrolled in the regular curriculum. High school students suffer from severe sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality. Under great academic stress, Chinese high school students should know the importance of sleep, balance sleep, and study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371028,32300822,U24A20373,and 82071177)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(24QA2704800)+2 种基金the Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2030 InitiativeShanghai Municipal Health Commission(202340046)the Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
文摘Memory is a cognitive process through which past experiences are encoded,stored,and retrieved,playing a crucial role in intelligent behavior.It is well established that the hippocampus continues to reactivate memories for several days after learning,and this process primarily occurs during sleep[1,2].The prevailing view suggests that sharp-wave ripples(SWRs)during non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep serve as key electrophysiological signatures of memory replay[3,4].However,only a small portion of SWRs contain memory replay[5].The direct relationship among SWRs,memory replay,and memory consolidation remains an open question.Another unresolved issue is how the hippocampus simultaneously reactivates both new and old memories while preventing interference.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Veterans Affairs through the Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders(TRACTS B3001-C),a VA Rehabilitation Research and Development Traumatic Brain Injury National Network Research Center,and the Boston University Chobanian&Avedisian School of Medicine’s Medical Student Summer Research Program,with funding from the Gabriel Family Foundation CTE Research Fund(MA).
文摘Background:Poor sleep quality has been associated with changes in brain volume among veterans,particularly those who have experienced mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).This study sought to investigate:1)whether poor sleep quality is associated with decreased cortical thickness in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans,and 2)whether these associations differ topographically depending on the presence or absence of mTBI and PTSD.Methods:A sample of 440 post-9/11 era U.S.veterans enrolled in the Translational Research Center for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stress Disorders study at VA Boston,MA from 2010 to 2022 was included in the study.We examined the relationship between sleep quality,as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and cortical thickness in veterans with mTBI(n=57),PTSD(n=110),comorbid mTBI and PTSD(n=129),and neither PTSD nor mTBI(n=144).To determine the topographical relationship between subjective sleep quality and cortical thickness in each diagnostic group,we employed a General Linear Model(GLM)at each vertex on the cortical mantle.The extent of topographical overlap between the resulting statistical maps was assessed using Dice coefficients.Results:There were no significant associations between PSQI and cortical thickness in the group without PTSD or mTBI(n=144)or in the PTSD-only group(n=110).In the mTBI-only group(n=57),lower sleep quality was significantly associated with reduced thickness bilaterally in frontal,cingulate,and precuneus regions,as well as in the right parietal and temporal regions(β=-0.0137,P<0.0005).In the comorbid mTBI and PTSD group(n=129),significant associations were observed bilaterally in frontal,precentral,and precuneus regions,in the left cingulate and the right parietal regions(β=-0.0094,P<0.0005).Interaction analysis revealed that there was a stronger relationship between poor sleep quality and decreased cortical thickness in individuals with mTBI(n=186)compared with those without mTBI(n=254)specifically in the frontal and cingulate regions(β=-0.0077,P<0.0005).Conclusions:This study demonstrates a significant relationship between poor sleep quality and lower cortical thickness primarily within frontal regions among individuals with both isolated mTBI or comorbid diagnoses of mTBI and PTSD.Thus,if directionality is established in longitudinal and interventional studies,it may be crucial to consider addressing sleep in the treatment of veterans who have sustained mTBI.
文摘BACKGROUND Adolescents with an evening chronotype are at higher risk for mental health problems,such as depression and anxiety.However,the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood.Sleep disturbances and impaired social functioning may mediate this association.AIM To examine the mediating roles of sleep quality and social functioning in the relationship between chronotype and mental health in adolescents.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 381 adolescents(mean age 14.3 years;61.9%male)using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire,Hamilton Depression Rating Scale,Hamilton Anxiety Scale,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,and Social Disability Screening Schedule.Descriptive statistics,Pearson correlation analyses,and chain mediation analysis using the bootstrap method were performed.RESULTS Chronotype was significantly associated with both depression and anxiety.Sleep quality and social functioning significantly mediated these relationships.The indirect effect on depression was-0.52,accounting for 69.3%of the total effect.For anxiety, the indirect effect was -0.39, accounting for 79.3%. No significant direct effect of chronotype on depressionor anxiety was found after accounting for the mediators.CONCLUSIONSleep quality and social functioning mediate the association between chronotype and adolescent mental health.These findings highlight the importance of addressing sleep disturbances and social functioning impairments ininterventions aimed at improving mental well-being among adolescents with evening chronotypes.
基金Supported by the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Scientic Research Project No.2023YXZD10。
文摘The hippocampus is the brain structure that is responsible for the formation of learning memories.Sleep disorders leading to cognitive impairment are strongly associated with the hippocampus.Phototherapy offers a new physical therapy for the treatment of sleep disorders,with the advantages of being noninvasive and having few side effects.However,the mechanism by which phototherapy improves cognitive impairment caused by sleep disorders remains unclear.In this study,we used phototherapy combined with optogenetic technology to investigate the effect of noninvasive phototherapy on cognitive functions in sleep-deprived mice.Our results suggest that phototherapy might improve cognitive functions in sleep-deprived mice by modulating the hippocampus.Our study expands the research progress on noninvasive phototherapy for the treatment of sleep disorders.
文摘Background: Exercise has positive impacts on metabolic health, whereas sleep loss has potentially negative impacts. This systematic literature review investigates whether acute and short-term exercise interventions can mitigate negative effects of experimentally-induced sleep loss on metabolic markers in humans.Methods: A systematic search(PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines was conducted up to June 2024 for studies that compared glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle gene expression, and other molecular markers following an acute or short-term(<14 days) exercise intervention during experimentally-induced sleep loss in adult humans. Articles were considered for inclusion and assessed for eligibility using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design(PICOS) framework, and critically appraised with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool.Results: Of the identified records, 4026 records were screened, with 12 studies meeting all the inclusion criteria and including 177 participants.Sleep intervention varied from a single night of total sleep deprivation to 5 consecutive nights of 4-h sleep opportunity(e.g., early or late sleep restriction), while exercise intervention varied in terms of model(walking/running, cycling, and resistance exercise), volume(e.g., minute to hour), and intensity(e.g., maximum efforts to low-intensity exercise). Most studies indicated a negative effect of insufficient sleep on glucose and insulin concentration as well as mitochondrial adaptations, whereas exercise had a positive impact, mitigating the negative effects on the aforementioned parameters.Conclusion: Exercise is likely to be effective as a therapeutic intervention for mitigating the negative effects of sleep loss on metabolic markers,at least in short-term intervention studies.
