Sleep is a fundamental biological process essential for maintaining brain function,cognitive performance,and overall health.Despite over a century of research,the mechanisms underlying sleep homeostasis-the process by...Sleep is a fundamental biological process essential for maintaining brain function,cognitive performance,and overall health.Despite over a century of research,the mechanisms underlying sleep homeostasis-the process by which the need for sleep accumulates during wakefulness and dissipates during sleep-remain incompletely understood.This article explores the latest advancements in sleep research,focusing on the role of synaptic plasticity in sleep homeostasis,as illuminated by Sawada et al.(2024).展开更多
BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly...BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly impact the quality of life of patients.AIM To explore the correlations between ocular surface function,sleep quality,and anxiety/depression in patients with DED.METHODS This was a cross-sectional investigative study that included 358 patients with DED between January 2022 and January 2025.Ocular surface was assessed using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI),tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining score,and Schirmer I test.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to evaluate sleep quality and anxiety/depression levels.Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships.RESULTS The mean PSQI score of the patients was 9.94±2.18;the mean SAS score was 47.30±4.90,and the mean SDS score was 50.08±5.52.These suggested a prevalence of sleep and psychological abnormalities.There was a significant correlation between the indicators of ocular surface function(OSDI,tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining,and Schirmer I test)and PSQI,SAS,and SDS scores(P<0.05).Moreover,multiple regression revealed that age≥50 years(β=1.55,P=0.029),PSQI scores(β=0.58,P<0.001),SAS scores(β=0.17,P=0.017),and SDS scores(β=0.15,P=0.019)were independent predictors of the OSDI scores.CONCLUSION Ocular surface function in patients with DED is closely related to sleep quality and anxiety/depression,emphasizing the need for holistic clinical management.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Fa...Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance)conducted between 2010 and 2018,a total of 645,420 adult participants(97,741 in 2010;175,749 in 2013;187,777 in 2015;and 184,153 in 2018)were included in the trend analysis.Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to assess trends in sleep duration.Results In 2018,the estimated overall mean sleep duration among the Chinese adult population was7.58(SD,1.45)hours per day,with no significant trend from 2010.A significant increase in short sleep duration(≤6 hours)was observed in the total population,from 15.3%(95%CI:14.1%–16.5%)in 2010 to18.5%(95%CI:17.7%–19.3%)in 2018(P<0.001).Similarly,the trend in long sleep duration(>9 hours)was also significant,increasing in weighted prevalence from 7.2%(95%CI:6.3%–8.1%)in 2010 to 9.0%(95%CI:8.2%–9.9%)in 2018(P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of both short and long sleep durations significantly increased among Chinese adults from 2010 to 2018,highlighting the urgency of health initiatives to promote optimal sleep duration in China.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the nursing effects of auricular seed therapy combined with Chinese herbal poultice treatment for patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Method:A total of 80 patients with LDH were randomly di...Objective:To evaluate the nursing effects of auricular seed therapy combined with Chinese herbal poultice treatment for patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Method:A total of 80 patients with LDH were randomly divided into two groups.The combined group received auricular acupuncture with seed application combined with Chinese herbal poultice therapy,while the reference group received auricular acupuncture with seed application alone.The therapeutic outcomes of both groups were compared.Results:The combined intervention group demonstrated decreased sleep quality scores,reduced pain neurotransmitter levels,and improved lumbar spine function scores post-intervention,with significant intergroup differences(p<0.05).Conclusion:Auricular seed therapy combined with Chinese herbal poultice care effectively improves sleep quality and lumbar spine function while alleviating pain perception in patients with lumbar disc herniation,indicating superior therapeutic efficacy.展开更多
Dear Editor,Sleep deprivation and loss can have detrimental effects on brain function.Among common patterns of sleep loss are delayed sleep onset(early night sleep loss,EL)and premature awakening(late night sleep loss...Dear Editor,Sleep deprivation and loss can have detrimental effects on brain function.Among common patterns of sleep loss are delayed sleep onset(early night sleep loss,EL)and premature awakening(late night sleep loss,LL).Here,we investigated the distinct impacts of EL and LL on resting-state brain activity.A total of 100 healthy students from several universities in Beijing were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups:EL,LL,or full sleep(FS).Restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)scans were conducted following the sleep manipulations.Compared to the FS group,the LL group showed abnormal low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF)in the prefrontal cortex and insula.展开更多
Sleep is an indispensable part of life−its deficiency has significant implications for overall health and wellbeing[1].In today’s fast-paced society,sleep loss from either stressful or non-stressful origins has becom...Sleep is an indispensable part of life−its deficiency has significant implications for overall health and wellbeing[1].In today’s fast-paced society,sleep loss from either stressful or non-stressful origins has become prevalent.Specifically,active sleep deprivation(ASD),resulting from extended use of smartphones and other recreational activities,has risen as a global health issue.Clinical research has underscored a strong correlation between chronic pain and inadequate sleep[2].The relationship between pain and sleep is reciprocal:pain disturbs sleep,while poor sleep quality,in turn,reduces pain tolerance and exacerbates spontaneous pain sensations[3].While these interplays are well-documented in cases of passive sleep deprivation(PSD)associated with external pressures or illnesses,understanding how and which regions of the brain collaborate to recalibrate the intricate neural circuitry governing pain perception during ASD remains a crucial yet unresolved frontier.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)therapy on daytime sleepiness and cognitive function in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Met...Objective:To explore the effect of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)therapy on daytime sleepiness and cognitive function in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods:From January to December 2024,60 patients with moderate to severe OSAHS were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 30 patients in each group.The observation group received CPAP combined with routine intervention,while the control group only received routine intervention,with a course of 3 months for both groups.Results:After 3 months of intervention,the observation group showed significantly better improvements in the frequency and duration of daytime sleepiness as well as all dimensions of cognitive function compared with the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:CPAP therapy can effectively relieve daytime sleepiness in patients with moderate to severe OSAHS,and significantly improve memory,attention and logical thinking ability.The comprehensive intervention effect is superior to simple routine management.展开更多
Sleep disorders,particularly insomnia,have emerged as a critical public health challenge,with the situation worsened by the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.Insomnia symptoms,which affected up to 45%of the population...Sleep disorders,particularly insomnia,have emerged as a critical public health challenge,with the situation worsened by the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.Insomnia symptoms,which affected up to 45%of the population during this period,highlight the urgent need to understand the mechanisms linking sleep disturbances to mental health outcomes.Recent findings suggest that cognitive failures,such as memory lapses and attentional deficits,mediate the relationship between insomnia and emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.The role of personality traits,particularly neuroticism,adds further complexity,as it may either exacerbate or buffer these effects under specific conditions.This review explores the study by Li et al,which offers valuable insights into the cognitive-emotional pathways influenced by sleep disturbances.The study makes significant contributions by identifying key cognitive mechanisms and proposing the dual role of neuroticism in shaping emotional outcomes.To advance these findings,this letter advocates for future longitudinal research and the integration of targeted interventions,such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia,into public health frameworks.By addressing insomnia-induced cognitive dysfunction,these strategies can enhance emotional regulation and foster resilience,particularly in vulnerable populations facing the mental health impacts of the pandemic.展开更多
Sleep disturbances are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections.Previous studies have demonstrated abnormal b...Sleep disturbances are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections.Previous studies have demonstrated abnormal brain structures in patients with sleep disturbances who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,neuroimaging studies on sleep disturbances caused by COVID-19 are scarce,and existing studies have primarily focused on the long-term effects of the virus,with minimal acute phase data.As a result,little is known about the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances in the acute phase of COVID-19.To address this issue,we designed a longitudinal study to investigate whether alterations in brain structure occur during the acute phase of infection,and verified the results using 3-month follow-up data.A total of 26 COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances(aged 51.5±13.57 years,8 women and 18 men),27 COVID-19 patients without sleep disturbances(aged 47.33±15.98 years,9 women and 18 men),and 31 age-and gender-matched healthy controls(aged 49.19±17.51 years,9 women and 22 men)were included in this study.Eleven COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances were included in a longitudinal analysis.We found that COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances exhibited brain structural changes in almost all brain lobes.The cortical thicknesses of the left pars opercularis and left precuneus were significantly negatively correlated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores.Additionally,we observed changes in the volume of the hippocampus and its subfield regions in COVID-19 patients compared with the healthy controls.The 3-month follow-up data revealed indices of altered cerebral structure(cortical thickness,cortical grey matter volume,and cortical surface area)in the frontal-parietal cortex compared with the baseline in COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances.Our findings indicate that the sleep disturbances patients had altered morphology in the cortical and hippocampal structures during the acute phase of infection and persistent changes in cortical regions at 3 months post-infection.These data improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances caused by COVID-19.展开更多
Sleep health literacy encompasses the knowledge, motivation, and skills required to promote healthy sleep and recognize sleep disorders. In Japan, sleep-related issues are a significant contributor to prolonged studen...Sleep health literacy encompasses the knowledge, motivation, and skills required to promote healthy sleep and recognize sleep disorders. In Japan, sleep-related issues are a significant contributor to prolonged student absenteeism, underscoring the urgent need to address these challenges within school health programs. This review explores the historical evolution of Japan’s perspectives on sleep, shedding light on misconceptions rooted in Neo-Confucianism (Shushigaku), such as the notion of “sacrificing sleep for achievement”. While the 2018 Work Style Reform Act has introduced measures to ensure workplace rest, similar initiatives for students remain absent, perpetuating a culture of sleep deprivation. Misunderstandings surrounding adolescent sleep patterns, chronotypes, and sleep-related health factors are addressed. The review concludes by proposing seven core principles for advancing sleep health literacy: 1) Exposure to morning light;2) Engagement in daytime physical activity;3) Resting in darkness at night;4) Consuming breakfast and avoiding late-night meals;5) Maintaining regular elimination;6) Minimizing stimulants and excessive media use;7) Respecting pre-sleep rituals. Enhancing sleep health literacy, particularly within educational settings, is vital for tackling adolescent sleep challenges and fostering long-term well-being. School health professionals must take the lead in driving this transformative initiative.展开更多
Dear Editor,Sleep plays a vital role in physical health,influencing chronic diseases,memory,and overall quality of life[1,2].In recent years,the relationship between sleep health and physical activity has gained atten...Dear Editor,Sleep plays a vital role in physical health,influencing chronic diseases,memory,and overall quality of life[1,2].In recent years,the relationship between sleep health and physical activity has gained attention,with a particular focus on how daily step count affects various sleep metrics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavi...BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavior,and subjective well-being in the Indian population.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study.The recruited participants were evaluated using the BtP Scale,World Health Organzation-5 Well-Being index,Patient Health Ques-tionnaire-2,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item,Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale.RESULTS A total of 401 participants were recruited for the study.Symptoms of anxiety were higher in the female participants compared to males.Among females,there was a significant positive correlation between BtP score with symptoms of anxiety(r=0.23)and depression(r=0.15)and a negative correlation with subjective wellbeing(r=-0.23).A significant negative correlation was found between the ages of women and BtP score(r=-0.15).Among the male participants,there was a significant negative correlation of age with BtP score(r=-0.3)and anxiety(r=-0.19).Here,too,the BtP score was positively correlated with depression(r=0.18)and anxiety(r=0.35).CONCLUSION BtP worsens anxiety,depression,sleep quality,and subjective well-being.It needs to be targeted for the promotion and prevention of mental health.展开更多
Dear Editor,Sleep and memory are highly linked across species.Sleep gates and stabilizes memory,critical for memory processing.Insufficient sleep impairs cognition acutely/chronically,in vertebrates and invertebrates[...Dear Editor,Sleep and memory are highly linked across species.Sleep gates and stabilizes memory,critical for memory processing.Insufficient sleep impairs cognition acutely/chronically,in vertebrates and invertebrates[1,2].While key elements are characterized[3,4],how a single molecule integrates sleep and memory remains unknown.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep may influence academic performance through their impact on sleep quality.Differences in chronotype can further moderate this relationship,particularly among students with i...BACKGROUND Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep may influence academic performance through their impact on sleep quality.Differences in chronotype can further moderate this relationship,particularly among students with irregular sleep patterns.AIM To examine the indirect effects of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep on academic performance through sleep quality while considering individual differences in chronotypes among medical students.METHODS The participants were categorized by chronotype and administered the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and reported their grade point averages(GPAs).Mediation analysis was performed to examine indirect pathways through sleep quality.RESULTS Dysfunctional sleep beliefs did not directly affect academic success but indirectly impaired GPA via reduced sleep quality,especially in evening-type students.CONCLUSION Chronotype moderates the relationship between sleep quality and academic performance, highlighting the need for targeted cognitive interventions.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rural elderly in China have a high prevalence of depressive symptoms,which is closely linked to poor sleep quality.This not only poses significant threats to their physical and mental health but also la...BACKGROUND The rural elderly in China have a high prevalence of depressive symptoms,which is closely linked to poor sleep quality.This not only poses significant threats to their physical and mental health but also lacks in-depth exploration of associations specific to different sleep dimensions.We hypothesize that specific sleep dimensions are independently and significantly associated with depressive symptoms in this population.AIM To explore the links between different sleep dimensions and depressive symptoms among rural elderly in China.METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 5136 older adults(≥60 years)recruited between April and June 2024.Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between problems in different sleep dimensions and depressive symptoms among these older adults.RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.5%,and the overall rate of sleep disorders was 40.13%.Among the rural elderly,six sleep dimensions were found to be statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms(all P<0.05),with the following odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs):Subjective sleep quality(OR=2.066,95%CI:1.709-2.497),sleep onset latency(OR=2.476,95%CI:2.062-2.972),sleep efficiency(OR=1.686,95%CI:1.369-2.076),sleep disturbances(OR=2.092,95%CI:1.566-2.795),daytime dysfunction(OR=3.378,95%CI:2.882-3.959),and use of hypnotic medications(OR=1.662,95%CI:1.093-2.525).CONCLUSION Poor subjective sleep quality,prolonged sleep onset latency,reduced sleep efficiency,sleep disturbances,daytime dysfunction,and use of hypnotic medications are associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly.Therefore,healthcare professionals should target elderly individuals with sleep disorders and implement effective interventions to alleviate their depressive symptoms.展开更多
Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among college students,adversely affecting their physical health,psychological well-being,and academic outcomes.While pharmacotherapy remains a common intervention,its potential fo...Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among college students,adversely affecting their physical health,psychological well-being,and academic outcomes.While pharmacotherapy remains a common intervention,its potential for dependency and adverse effects underscores the need for safer alternatives.Physical activity,characterized by accessibility and a favorable cost-effectiveness profile,has gained attention as a non-pharmacological intervention.However,the evidence regarding its efficacy and underlying mechanisms remains inadequately synthesized.This review evaluates the role of exercise in managing sleep disorders,highlighting evidence that aerobic,resistance,and mind-body exercises improve sleep quality,particularly through moderate-to-high-intensity sessions(40-60 minutes,3 times per week),while emphasizing avoidance of exercise within 90 minutes of bedtime to prevent disruption.Long-term regular exercise typically yields better results.Mechanistically,exercise modulates sleep through circadian rhythm synchronization,psychological adjustment,anti-inflammatory actions,thermoregulation and neuroendocrine regulation.Despite promising evidence,methodological limitations persist,including heterogeneous outcome measures,short intervention durations,and restricted sample diversity.Future research should prioritize large-scale longitudinal investigations in randomized controlled trials that utilize standardized exercise protocols and objective sleep measurements.Collectively,exercise constitutes a multifactorial intervention for sleep disorder mitigation,offering personalized regimens that enhance both sleep parameters and overall quality of life.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common health problems in the elderly.The effect of social isolation on sleep duration and sleep quality remains unclear in the Chinese community-dwelling elderly.AIM To explore the asso...BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common health problems in the elderly.The effect of social isolation on sleep duration and sleep quality remains unclear in the Chinese community-dwelling elderly.AIM To explore the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly people.METHODS A total of 7762 community-dwelling elderly people aged 60 years and older in Ningbo were recruited from June 2022 to August 2022.Data were collected using a questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality.The KHB mediating effect model was used to test the mediating effect of depression and anxiety on these associations.RESULTS Among the participants,2656(34.2%)had abnormal sleep duration(<6 hours or>8 hours),1115(14.4%)had poor sleep quality,and 917(11.8%)had social isolation.After adjusting for confounding factors,compared with the elderly without social isolation,the odds ratios(95%CI)of abnormal sleep duration and poor sleep quality in the elderly with social isolation were 1.49(1.29-1.73)and 1.32(1.09-1.59),respectively.Depression partially mediated the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality,accounting for 5.68%and 9.87%of the mediating effect,respectively.CONCLUSION Social isolation was found to be associated with sleep duration and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly people.More attention should be paid to social isolation in the elderly.展开更多
BACKGROUND Benign laryngotracheal stenosis(LTS)is a condition characterized by mucosal inflammation and fibrosis.It is difficult to treat with a high incidence rate.Respiratory distress and voice disorders of varying ...BACKGROUND Benign laryngotracheal stenosis(LTS)is a condition characterized by mucosal inflammation and fibrosis.It is difficult to treat with a high incidence rate.Respiratory distress and voice disorders of varying severity also affect patients'sleep quality and quality of life.AIM To investigate the association between anxiety and depression and sleep quality in patients with benign LTS and identify significant risk factors for sleep disorders.METHODS This retrospective cohort study enrolled 127 consecutive patients with benign LTS admitted to The First People's Hospital of Changde City between January 2021 and January 2024.Comprehensive assessments included demographic collection and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),and selfrating depression scale(SDS)scoring.Correlation analyses were conducted to examine relationships between psychological measures and sleep parameters,followed by multivariate logistic regression to determine independent risk factors.RESULTS The cohort demonstrated significantly impaired sleep quality(mean PSQI,7.79±2.47),with 48.0%(n=61)meeting the criteria for clinically significant sleep disturbance.The scores of all PSQI dimensions,as well as SAS and SDS scores of patients with LTS,significantly exceeded Chinese normative values.Strong positive correlations emerged between PSQI scores and both SAS and SDS measures.Multivariate logistic analysis identified middle age(41-50 years),multiple surgical interventions(≥3 procedures),lower socioeconomic status(monthly household income per capita≤5000 RMB),and concurrent anxiety/depression as independent predictors of sleep disturbance.CONCLUSION The results demonstrate a high prevalence of sleep disorders and comorbid anxiety or depressive moods among patients with LTS.These psychological factors both correlate with and independently predict sleep impairment.These results underscore the need for integrated and proactive approaches addressing both physical and mental health components in LTS management,focusing on high-risk subgroups stratified based on age,monthly household income per capita,anxiety/depression status,and number of prior surgeries.展开更多
Sleep disturbances and disorders are commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),with affected children frequently experiencing delayed sleep onset,frequent nighttime awakenings,morning fat...Sleep disturbances and disorders are commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),with affected children frequently experiencing delayed sleep onset,frequent nighttime awakenings,morning fatigue,and excessive daytime sleepiness.A bidirectional relationship exists between ADHD and sleep disturbances:Sleep deprivation is linked to increased inattention and emotional dysregulation,while evening hyperactivity and impulsivity may contribute to difficulty falling asleep.Central nervous system stimulants remain the first-line treatment for managing ADHD symptoms;however,insomnia can be a common side effect.Notably,newer and long-acting stimulants formulations have demonstrated extended benefit into evening with limited impact on sleep in recent studies.This narrative review summarizes the various sleep disorders associated with ADHD,outlines clinical approaches for sleep assessment,and evaluates the impact of ADHD treatments on sleep.It also highlights both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions for managing sleep problems in children with ADHD.Finally,the review offers practical recommendations to help clinicians optimize both sleep and daytime functioning in patients with ADHD.ADHD should be conceptualized as a 24-hour disorder,requiring integrated treatment strategies that address both daytime symptoms and nighttime sleep challenges.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 ...AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 and above from 30 regions in China participated in a crosssectional online survey in February 2020.The survey utilized the ASQ-17,which had been proven reliable and validated for assessing asthenopia-related symptoms experienced in the past two weeks among the Chinese population.Data on demographics and living conditions,including age,gender,humidity,air quality in their residential areas,frequency of heightened anxiety or depression,daily duration of near vision activity,sleep duration,sleep quality,and history of eye surgery,were collected.Principal component analysis and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify independent factors associated with asthenopia.RESULTS:Out of the 2502 participants,with an average age of 31±8y included in the analysis,asthenopia was prevalent in 35.2%of cases.Multivariate analysis revealed that the most influential risk factor was poor sleep and mental well-being,which encompassed shorter daily sleep duration,lower sleep quality,and more frequent feelings of heightened anxiety or depression[odds ratio(OR):2.07,95%confidence interval(CI):1.88–2.29,P<0.001].This was followed by each additional 2h of daily near vision activity relative to 4h(OR:1.33,95%CI:1.21–1.45,P<0.001),and lower humidity and worse air quality in the residential area(OR:1.10,95%CI:1.02–1.21,P=0.019).CONCLUSION:Asthenopia is a common issue among Chinese adults,and preventative measures should focus on improving sleep and mental well-being.Further research targeting physiological exposure,different age groups or longitudinal studies to establish causality are needed to explore the role of sleep and mental status as an influencing factor.展开更多
基金supported by Japan Society forthe Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grants-in-Aidfor Scientific Research(KAKENHI)(20H05894,20H05903,21K15136,22K21351,23H02518A,23H02663,and 23K18147 to SS),JST-CREST(JPMJCR24T4 to SS),the World PremierInternational Research Center Initiative(WPI)fromthe Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Scienceand Technology(MEXT)to SS(WPI-IIIS),the TopRunners in Strategy of Transborder AdvancedResearches(TRiSTAR)by the MEXT to SSJapanAgency for Medical Research and Development(AMED)(JP21zf0127005 to SS),Cell ScienceResearch Foundation Grant to YI,38th Brain ScienceFoundation Research Grant to YI,Research Granton Biogenic Amines and Neurological Diseases(Sumitomo pharma)to YI.
文摘Sleep is a fundamental biological process essential for maintaining brain function,cognitive performance,and overall health.Despite over a century of research,the mechanisms underlying sleep homeostasis-the process by which the need for sleep accumulates during wakefulness and dissipates during sleep-remain incompletely understood.This article explores the latest advancements in sleep research,focusing on the role of synaptic plasticity in sleep homeostasis,as illuminated by Sawada et al.(2024).
文摘BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly impact the quality of life of patients.AIM To explore the correlations between ocular surface function,sleep quality,and anxiety/depression in patients with DED.METHODS This was a cross-sectional investigative study that included 358 patients with DED between January 2022 and January 2025.Ocular surface was assessed using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI),tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining score,and Schirmer I test.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to evaluate sleep quality and anxiety/depression levels.Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships.RESULTS The mean PSQI score of the patients was 9.94±2.18;the mean SAS score was 47.30±4.90,and the mean SDS score was 50.08±5.52.These suggested a prevalence of sleep and psychological abnormalities.There was a significant correlation between the indicators of ocular surface function(OSDI,tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining,and Schirmer I test)and PSQI,SAS,and SDS scores(P<0.05).Moreover,multiple regression revealed that age≥50 years(β=1.55,P=0.029),PSQI scores(β=0.58,P<0.001),SAS scores(β=0.17,P=0.017),and SDS scores(β=0.15,P=0.019)were independent predictors of the OSDI scores.CONCLUSION Ocular surface function in patients with DED is closely related to sleep quality and anxiety/depression,emphasizing the need for holistic clinical management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82341245,82371491)the Chinese Central Government(Key Project of Public Health Program)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1311706,2018YFC1311702)。
文摘Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance)conducted between 2010 and 2018,a total of 645,420 adult participants(97,741 in 2010;175,749 in 2013;187,777 in 2015;and 184,153 in 2018)were included in the trend analysis.Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to assess trends in sleep duration.Results In 2018,the estimated overall mean sleep duration among the Chinese adult population was7.58(SD,1.45)hours per day,with no significant trend from 2010.A significant increase in short sleep duration(≤6 hours)was observed in the total population,from 15.3%(95%CI:14.1%–16.5%)in 2010 to18.5%(95%CI:17.7%–19.3%)in 2018(P<0.001).Similarly,the trend in long sleep duration(>9 hours)was also significant,increasing in weighted prevalence from 7.2%(95%CI:6.3%–8.1%)in 2010 to 9.0%(95%CI:8.2%–9.9%)in 2018(P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of both short and long sleep durations significantly increased among Chinese adults from 2010 to 2018,highlighting the urgency of health initiatives to promote optimal sleep duration in China.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the nursing effects of auricular seed therapy combined with Chinese herbal poultice treatment for patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Method:A total of 80 patients with LDH were randomly divided into two groups.The combined group received auricular acupuncture with seed application combined with Chinese herbal poultice therapy,while the reference group received auricular acupuncture with seed application alone.The therapeutic outcomes of both groups were compared.Results:The combined intervention group demonstrated decreased sleep quality scores,reduced pain neurotransmitter levels,and improved lumbar spine function scores post-intervention,with significant intergroup differences(p<0.05).Conclusion:Auricular seed therapy combined with Chinese herbal poultice care effectively improves sleep quality and lumbar spine function while alleviating pain perception in patients with lumbar disc herniation,indicating superior therapeutic efficacy.
基金supported by the STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0202100,2021ZD0200801,and 2021ZD0201900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130040,82288101).
文摘Dear Editor,Sleep deprivation and loss can have detrimental effects on brain function.Among common patterns of sleep loss are delayed sleep onset(early night sleep loss,EL)and premature awakening(late night sleep loss,LL).Here,we investigated the distinct impacts of EL and LL on resting-state brain activity.A total of 100 healthy students from several universities in Beijing were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups:EL,LL,or full sleep(FS).Restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)scans were conducted following the sleep manipulations.Compared to the FS group,the LL group showed abnormal low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF)in the prefrontal cortex and insula.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20418).
文摘Sleep is an indispensable part of life−its deficiency has significant implications for overall health and wellbeing[1].In today’s fast-paced society,sleep loss from either stressful or non-stressful origins has become prevalent.Specifically,active sleep deprivation(ASD),resulting from extended use of smartphones and other recreational activities,has risen as a global health issue.Clinical research has underscored a strong correlation between chronic pain and inadequate sleep[2].The relationship between pain and sleep is reciprocal:pain disturbs sleep,while poor sleep quality,in turn,reduces pain tolerance and exacerbates spontaneous pain sensations[3].While these interplays are well-documented in cases of passive sleep deprivation(PSD)associated with external pressures or illnesses,understanding how and which regions of the brain collaborate to recalibrate the intricate neural circuitry governing pain perception during ASD remains a crucial yet unresolved frontier.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)therapy on daytime sleepiness and cognitive function in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods:From January to December 2024,60 patients with moderate to severe OSAHS were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 30 patients in each group.The observation group received CPAP combined with routine intervention,while the control group only received routine intervention,with a course of 3 months for both groups.Results:After 3 months of intervention,the observation group showed significantly better improvements in the frequency and duration of daytime sleepiness as well as all dimensions of cognitive function compared with the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:CPAP therapy can effectively relieve daytime sleepiness in patients with moderate to severe OSAHS,and significantly improve memory,attention and logical thinking ability.The comprehensive intervention effect is superior to simple routine management.
基金Supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-RS-2023-00237287.
文摘Sleep disorders,particularly insomnia,have emerged as a critical public health challenge,with the situation worsened by the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.Insomnia symptoms,which affected up to 45%of the population during this period,highlight the urgent need to understand the mechanisms linking sleep disturbances to mental health outcomes.Recent findings suggest that cognitive failures,such as memory lapses and attentional deficits,mediate the relationship between insomnia and emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.The role of personality traits,particularly neuroticism,adds further complexity,as it may either exacerbate or buffer these effects under specific conditions.This review explores the study by Li et al,which offers valuable insights into the cognitive-emotional pathways influenced by sleep disturbances.The study makes significant contributions by identifying key cognitive mechanisms and proposing the dual role of neuroticism in shaping emotional outcomes.To advance these findings,this letter advocates for future longitudinal research and the integration of targeted interventions,such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia,into public health frameworks.By addressing insomnia-induced cognitive dysfunction,these strategies can enhance emotional regulation and foster resilience,particularly in vulnerable populations facing the mental health impacts of the pandemic.
基金supported by grants from Major Project of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,No.Guike-AA22096018(to JY)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program,No.AB22080053(to DD)+6 种基金Major Project of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,No.Guike-AA23023004(to MZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82260021(to MZ),82060315(to DD)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,No.2021GXNSFBA220007(to GD)Clinical Research Center For Medical Imaging in Hunan Province,No.2020SK4001(to JL)Key Emergency Project of Pneumonia Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hunan Province,No.2020SK3006(to JL)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2021RC4016(to JL)Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2024JJ3041(to JL).
文摘Sleep disturbances are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections.Previous studies have demonstrated abnormal brain structures in patients with sleep disturbances who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,neuroimaging studies on sleep disturbances caused by COVID-19 are scarce,and existing studies have primarily focused on the long-term effects of the virus,with minimal acute phase data.As a result,little is known about the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances in the acute phase of COVID-19.To address this issue,we designed a longitudinal study to investigate whether alterations in brain structure occur during the acute phase of infection,and verified the results using 3-month follow-up data.A total of 26 COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances(aged 51.5±13.57 years,8 women and 18 men),27 COVID-19 patients without sleep disturbances(aged 47.33±15.98 years,9 women and 18 men),and 31 age-and gender-matched healthy controls(aged 49.19±17.51 years,9 women and 22 men)were included in this study.Eleven COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances were included in a longitudinal analysis.We found that COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances exhibited brain structural changes in almost all brain lobes.The cortical thicknesses of the left pars opercularis and left precuneus were significantly negatively correlated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores.Additionally,we observed changes in the volume of the hippocampus and its subfield regions in COVID-19 patients compared with the healthy controls.The 3-month follow-up data revealed indices of altered cerebral structure(cortical thickness,cortical grey matter volume,and cortical surface area)in the frontal-parietal cortex compared with the baseline in COVID-19 patients with sleep disturbances.Our findings indicate that the sleep disturbances patients had altered morphology in the cortical and hippocampal structures during the acute phase of infection and persistent changes in cortical regions at 3 months post-infection.These data improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances caused by COVID-19.
文摘Sleep health literacy encompasses the knowledge, motivation, and skills required to promote healthy sleep and recognize sleep disorders. In Japan, sleep-related issues are a significant contributor to prolonged student absenteeism, underscoring the urgent need to address these challenges within school health programs. This review explores the historical evolution of Japan’s perspectives on sleep, shedding light on misconceptions rooted in Neo-Confucianism (Shushigaku), such as the notion of “sacrificing sleep for achievement”. While the 2018 Work Style Reform Act has introduced measures to ensure workplace rest, similar initiatives for students remain absent, perpetuating a culture of sleep deprivation. Misunderstandings surrounding adolescent sleep patterns, chronotypes, and sleep-related health factors are addressed. The review concludes by proposing seven core principles for advancing sleep health literacy: 1) Exposure to morning light;2) Engagement in daytime physical activity;3) Resting in darkness at night;4) Consuming breakfast and avoiding late-night meals;5) Maintaining regular elimination;6) Minimizing stimulants and excessive media use;7) Respecting pre-sleep rituals. Enhancing sleep health literacy, particularly within educational settings, is vital for tackling adolescent sleep challenges and fostering long-term well-being. School health professionals must take the lead in driving this transformative initiative.
文摘Dear Editor,Sleep plays a vital role in physical health,influencing chronic diseases,memory,and overall quality of life[1,2].In recent years,the relationship between sleep health and physical activity has gained attention,with a particular focus on how daily step count affects various sleep metrics.
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavior,and subjective well-being in the Indian population.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study.The recruited participants were evaluated using the BtP Scale,World Health Organzation-5 Well-Being index,Patient Health Ques-tionnaire-2,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item,Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale.RESULTS A total of 401 participants were recruited for the study.Symptoms of anxiety were higher in the female participants compared to males.Among females,there was a significant positive correlation between BtP score with symptoms of anxiety(r=0.23)and depression(r=0.15)and a negative correlation with subjective wellbeing(r=-0.23).A significant negative correlation was found between the ages of women and BtP score(r=-0.15).Among the male participants,there was a significant negative correlation of age with BtP score(r=-0.3)and anxiety(r=-0.19).Here,too,the BtP score was positively correlated with depression(r=0.18)and anxiety(r=0.35).CONCLUSION BtP worsens anxiety,depression,sleep quality,and subjective well-being.It needs to be targeted for the promotion and prevention of mental health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371063,82341248,and 32071009)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011500)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(ZDSYS20200811142401005).
文摘Dear Editor,Sleep and memory are highly linked across species.Sleep gates and stabilizes memory,critical for memory processing.Insufficient sleep impairs cognition acutely/chronically,in vertebrates and invertebrates[1,2].While key elements are characterized[3,4],how a single molecule integrates sleep and memory remains unknown.
文摘BACKGROUND Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep may influence academic performance through their impact on sleep quality.Differences in chronotype can further moderate this relationship,particularly among students with irregular sleep patterns.AIM To examine the indirect effects of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep on academic performance through sleep quality while considering individual differences in chronotypes among medical students.METHODS The participants were categorized by chronotype and administered the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and reported their grade point averages(GPAs).Mediation analysis was performed to examine indirect pathways through sleep quality.RESULTS Dysfunctional sleep beliefs did not directly affect academic success but indirectly impaired GPA via reduced sleep quality,especially in evening-type students.CONCLUSION Chronotype moderates the relationship between sleep quality and academic performance, highlighting the need for targeted cognitive interventions.
基金Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023M732119Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2024QG032。
文摘BACKGROUND The rural elderly in China have a high prevalence of depressive symptoms,which is closely linked to poor sleep quality.This not only poses significant threats to their physical and mental health but also lacks in-depth exploration of associations specific to different sleep dimensions.We hypothesize that specific sleep dimensions are independently and significantly associated with depressive symptoms in this population.AIM To explore the links between different sleep dimensions and depressive symptoms among rural elderly in China.METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 5136 older adults(≥60 years)recruited between April and June 2024.Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between problems in different sleep dimensions and depressive symptoms among these older adults.RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.5%,and the overall rate of sleep disorders was 40.13%.Among the rural elderly,six sleep dimensions were found to be statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms(all P<0.05),with the following odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs):Subjective sleep quality(OR=2.066,95%CI:1.709-2.497),sleep onset latency(OR=2.476,95%CI:2.062-2.972),sleep efficiency(OR=1.686,95%CI:1.369-2.076),sleep disturbances(OR=2.092,95%CI:1.566-2.795),daytime dysfunction(OR=3.378,95%CI:2.882-3.959),and use of hypnotic medications(OR=1.662,95%CI:1.093-2.525).CONCLUSION Poor subjective sleep quality,prolonged sleep onset latency,reduced sleep efficiency,sleep disturbances,daytime dysfunction,and use of hypnotic medications are associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly.Therefore,healthcare professionals should target elderly individuals with sleep disorders and implement effective interventions to alleviate their depressive symptoms.
文摘Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among college students,adversely affecting their physical health,psychological well-being,and academic outcomes.While pharmacotherapy remains a common intervention,its potential for dependency and adverse effects underscores the need for safer alternatives.Physical activity,characterized by accessibility and a favorable cost-effectiveness profile,has gained attention as a non-pharmacological intervention.However,the evidence regarding its efficacy and underlying mechanisms remains inadequately synthesized.This review evaluates the role of exercise in managing sleep disorders,highlighting evidence that aerobic,resistance,and mind-body exercises improve sleep quality,particularly through moderate-to-high-intensity sessions(40-60 minutes,3 times per week),while emphasizing avoidance of exercise within 90 minutes of bedtime to prevent disruption.Long-term regular exercise typically yields better results.Mechanistically,exercise modulates sleep through circadian rhythm synchronization,psychological adjustment,anti-inflammatory actions,thermoregulation and neuroendocrine regulation.Despite promising evidence,methodological limitations persist,including heterogeneous outcome measures,short intervention durations,and restricted sample diversity.Future research should prioritize large-scale longitudinal investigations in randomized controlled trials that utilize standardized exercise protocols and objective sleep measurements.Collectively,exercise constitutes a multifactorial intervention for sleep disorder mitigation,offering personalized regimens that enhance both sleep parameters and overall quality of life.
基金Supported by Ningbo Medical and Health Brand Discipline,No.PPXK2024-07and Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program,No.2022030410.
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common health problems in the elderly.The effect of social isolation on sleep duration and sleep quality remains unclear in the Chinese community-dwelling elderly.AIM To explore the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly people.METHODS A total of 7762 community-dwelling elderly people aged 60 years and older in Ningbo were recruited from June 2022 to August 2022.Data were collected using a questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality.The KHB mediating effect model was used to test the mediating effect of depression and anxiety on these associations.RESULTS Among the participants,2656(34.2%)had abnormal sleep duration(<6 hours or>8 hours),1115(14.4%)had poor sleep quality,and 917(11.8%)had social isolation.After adjusting for confounding factors,compared with the elderly without social isolation,the odds ratios(95%CI)of abnormal sleep duration and poor sleep quality in the elderly with social isolation were 1.49(1.29-1.73)and 1.32(1.09-1.59),respectively.Depression partially mediated the associations of social isolation with sleep duration and sleep quality,accounting for 5.68%and 9.87%of the mediating effect,respectively.CONCLUSION Social isolation was found to be associated with sleep duration and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly people.More attention should be paid to social isolation in the elderly.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Changde City,No.2024ZD165Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.2025JJ80419.
文摘BACKGROUND Benign laryngotracheal stenosis(LTS)is a condition characterized by mucosal inflammation and fibrosis.It is difficult to treat with a high incidence rate.Respiratory distress and voice disorders of varying severity also affect patients'sleep quality and quality of life.AIM To investigate the association between anxiety and depression and sleep quality in patients with benign LTS and identify significant risk factors for sleep disorders.METHODS This retrospective cohort study enrolled 127 consecutive patients with benign LTS admitted to The First People's Hospital of Changde City between January 2021 and January 2024.Comprehensive assessments included demographic collection and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),and selfrating depression scale(SDS)scoring.Correlation analyses were conducted to examine relationships between psychological measures and sleep parameters,followed by multivariate logistic regression to determine independent risk factors.RESULTS The cohort demonstrated significantly impaired sleep quality(mean PSQI,7.79±2.47),with 48.0%(n=61)meeting the criteria for clinically significant sleep disturbance.The scores of all PSQI dimensions,as well as SAS and SDS scores of patients with LTS,significantly exceeded Chinese normative values.Strong positive correlations emerged between PSQI scores and both SAS and SDS measures.Multivariate logistic analysis identified middle age(41-50 years),multiple surgical interventions(≥3 procedures),lower socioeconomic status(monthly household income per capita≤5000 RMB),and concurrent anxiety/depression as independent predictors of sleep disturbance.CONCLUSION The results demonstrate a high prevalence of sleep disorders and comorbid anxiety or depressive moods among patients with LTS.These psychological factors both correlate with and independently predict sleep impairment.These results underscore the need for integrated and proactive approaches addressing both physical and mental health components in LTS management,focusing on high-risk subgroups stratified based on age,monthly household income per capita,anxiety/depression status,and number of prior surgeries.
文摘Sleep disturbances and disorders are commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),with affected children frequently experiencing delayed sleep onset,frequent nighttime awakenings,morning fatigue,and excessive daytime sleepiness.A bidirectional relationship exists between ADHD and sleep disturbances:Sleep deprivation is linked to increased inattention and emotional dysregulation,while evening hyperactivity and impulsivity may contribute to difficulty falling asleep.Central nervous system stimulants remain the first-line treatment for managing ADHD symptoms;however,insomnia can be a common side effect.Notably,newer and long-acting stimulants formulations have demonstrated extended benefit into evening with limited impact on sleep in recent studies.This narrative review summarizes the various sleep disorders associated with ADHD,outlines clinical approaches for sleep assessment,and evaluates the impact of ADHD treatments on sleep.It also highlights both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions for managing sleep problems in children with ADHD.Finally,the review offers practical recommendations to help clinicians optimize both sleep and daytime functioning in patients with ADHD.ADHD should be conceptualized as a 24-hour disorder,requiring integrated treatment strategies that address both daytime symptoms and nighttime sleep challenges.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(No.Y20240062)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82000861).
文摘AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 and above from 30 regions in China participated in a crosssectional online survey in February 2020.The survey utilized the ASQ-17,which had been proven reliable and validated for assessing asthenopia-related symptoms experienced in the past two weeks among the Chinese population.Data on demographics and living conditions,including age,gender,humidity,air quality in their residential areas,frequency of heightened anxiety or depression,daily duration of near vision activity,sleep duration,sleep quality,and history of eye surgery,were collected.Principal component analysis and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify independent factors associated with asthenopia.RESULTS:Out of the 2502 participants,with an average age of 31±8y included in the analysis,asthenopia was prevalent in 35.2%of cases.Multivariate analysis revealed that the most influential risk factor was poor sleep and mental well-being,which encompassed shorter daily sleep duration,lower sleep quality,and more frequent feelings of heightened anxiety or depression[odds ratio(OR):2.07,95%confidence interval(CI):1.88–2.29,P<0.001].This was followed by each additional 2h of daily near vision activity relative to 4h(OR:1.33,95%CI:1.21–1.45,P<0.001),and lower humidity and worse air quality in the residential area(OR:1.10,95%CI:1.02–1.21,P=0.019).CONCLUSION:Asthenopia is a common issue among Chinese adults,and preventative measures should focus on improving sleep and mental well-being.Further research targeting physiological exposure,different age groups or longitudinal studies to establish causality are needed to explore the role of sleep and mental status as an influencing factor.
