The SKP1 gene is an important component of the SCF(SKP1-Cullin1-F-box)complex and serves as a bridge connecting the F-box and Cullin1genes(F-box-SKP1-Cullin1).The pattern of S-RNase being ubiquitously labelled by the ...The SKP1 gene is an important component of the SCF(SKP1-Cullin1-F-box)complex and serves as a bridge connecting the F-box and Cullin1genes(F-box-SKP1-Cullin1).The pattern of S-RNase being ubiquitously labelled by the SCF complex and degraded by the 26S protease accounts for the bulk of the available self-incompatibility studies.In this study,15 ClSKP1s from the‘Xiangshui'lemon genome and ubiquitome exist in the same SKP1 conserved domain(CD)as SKP1s in other species.The q PCR results showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 have tissue expression patterns specific for expression in pollen.In addition,SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 in the stigma,style and ovary were significantly upregulated after self-pollination compared to those after cross-pollination.A subcellular location showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 were located in the nucleus.In addition,yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)assays,bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and luciferase complementation imaging(LCI)assays showed that SKP1-6 interacted with F-box1,F-box33,F-box34,F-box17,F-box19,Cullin1-2 and 26S proteasome subunit 4 homolog A(26S PS4HA).SKP1-14 interacted with F-box17,F-box19,F-box35,Cullin1-2 and 26S PS4HA.The interaction of Cullin1-2 and the F-box with SKP1 as a bridge was verified by a yeast three-hybrid experiment.The ability of S3-RNase to inhibit pollen and pollen tube growth and development was assessed using in vitro pollen co-culture experiments with recombinant S3-RNase proteins.Overall,this study provides important experimental evidence and theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of self-incompatibility in plants by revealing the key role of the SCF complex in‘Xiangshui'lemon,which is bridged by ClSKP1-6,in self-incompatibility.The results of this study are of great significance for the future indepth exploration of the molecular mechanism of the SCF complex and its wide application in the self-incompatibility of plants.展开更多
为探索SKP1(S-phase kinase association protein 1)基因在猪卵泡中的表达规律,本试验从猪卵泡组织中克隆了猪SKP1基因CDS区全长序列,采用Real-time PCR方法检测SKP1基因在不同组织中的表达谱,进一步分析了该基因在梅山猪和杜洛克猪S卵...为探索SKP1(S-phase kinase association protein 1)基因在猪卵泡中的表达规律,本试验从猪卵泡组织中克隆了猪SKP1基因CDS区全长序列,采用Real-time PCR方法检测SKP1基因在不同组织中的表达谱,进一步分析了该基因在梅山猪和杜洛克猪S卵泡、M1卵泡、M2卵泡、L卵泡中的表达。结果表明,经克隆测序,得到了猪SKP1基因492bp编码区全长序列,与羊、人、黑猩猩、牛、大鼠的同源性分别为93.10%、92.90%、92.29%、91.89%、89.86%。SKP1基因在各组织中均有不同程度的表达(肌肉、脂肪、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、十二指肠、卵巢、输卵管、子宫、子宫角、垂体、黄体、大脑、下丘脑),其中在子宫、脾脏、输卵管中表达量较高。SKP1基因的表达量在梅山猪S卵泡、M1卵泡和M2卵泡中的表达量均高于杜洛克猪,特别是在梅山猪M1卵泡和M2卵泡中SKP1基因的表达量极显著高于杜洛克猪(P<0.01),分别达到了2.39、2.82倍,而在L卵泡中的表达量却是杜洛克猪高于梅山猪,结果提示SKP1基因可能参与猪卵泡发育过程。展开更多
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae(P.sojae)is a devastating disease that affects soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]all over the world.S-phase kinase-associated protein 1(SKP1)proteins ar...Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae(P.sojae)is a devastating disease that affects soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]all over the world.S-phase kinase-associated protein 1(SKP1)proteins are key members of the SKP1/Cullin/F-box protein(SCF)ubiquitin ligase complex and play diverse roles in plant biology.However,the role of SKP1 in soybean against the phytopathogenic oomycete P.sojae remains unclear.In this study,a novel member of the soybean SKP1 gene family,GmSKP1 which was significantly induced by P.sojae,was reported.The expression of GmSKP1 was simultaneously induced by methyl jasmonate(MeJA),salicylic acid(SA)and ethylene(ET),which might suggest an important role for GmSKP1 of plant in responses to hormone treatments.Functional analysis using GmSKP1 overexpression lines showed that GmSKP1 enhanced resistance to P.sojae in transgenic soybean plants.Further analyses showed that GmSKP1 interacted with a homeodomain-leucine zipper protein transcription factor(GmHDL56)and a WRKY transcription factor(GmWRKY31),which could positively regulate responses to P.sojae in soybean.Importantly,several pathogenesis-related(PR)genes were constitutively activated,including GmPR1a,GmPR2,GmPR3,GmPR4,GmPR5a and GmPR10,in GmSKP1-OE soybean plants.Taken together,these results suggested that GmSKP1 enhanced resistance to P.sojae in soybean,possibly by activating the defense-related PR genes.展开更多
Perimenopause raises the risk and incidence of depression,whereas the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.Disturbed glucose regulation has been widely documented in depressive dis-orders,which renders the b...Perimenopause raises the risk and incidence of depression,whereas the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.Disturbed glucose regulation has been widely documented in depressive dis-orders,which renders the brain susceptible to various stresses such as estrogen depletion.However,whether and how glucose dysfunction regulates depression-like behaviors and neuronal damage in perimenopausal transition remains unexplored.Here,a prominent depressive phenotype was found in perimenopausal mice induced by the ovarian toxin 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide(VCD).The VCD depression susceptible group(VCD^(SS))and the VCD depression resilient group(VCD^(RES))were deter-mined using a ROC-based behavioral screening approach.We found that the hippocampus,a crucial region linked to depression,had hyperglycemia and mitochondrial abnormalities.Interestingly,oral administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin(EMPA)and intrahippocampal glucose infusion sug-gest a close relationship between hyperglycemia in the hippocampus and the susceptibility to depression.We verified that cytochrome c oxidase 7c(COX7C)downregulation is a potential cause of the high glucose-induced neuronal injury using proteomic screening and biochemical validations.High glucose causes COX7C to be ubiquitinated in a S-phase kinase associated protein 1(SKP1)-dependent manner.According to these results,SKP1/COX7C represents a unique therapeutic target and a novel molecular route for treating perimenopausal depression.展开更多
The isoindolinone and biaryl scaffolds are prevalent in natural products and drug molecules,which have showed broad and interesting biological activities.The efficient construction of such hybridized molecules and bio...The isoindolinone and biaryl scaffolds are prevalent in natural products and drug molecules,which have showed broad and interesting biological activities.The efficient construction of such hybridized molecules and biological evaluation are of great interest to medicinal chemistry community.In this communication,we report an efficient BrΦnsted acid-promoted C(sp^3)-H functionalization approach that enables the rapid construction of biologically important isoindolinone/[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hybrids from 5-methyl-7-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine,2-formylbenzoic acid and various anilines.The title compounds were generated in high to excellent yields(up to 96%)regardless of the electronic nature and steric effects of the substituents.In this reaction,an isoindolinone scaffold,one C-C single bond,and two C-N bonds were formed simultaneously with high atom economy.In this work,we have envisioned that the methyl group linked to the electron-deficient Nheterocycles could be used as a new synthetic handle for late-state diversification and may have broad applications in the field of organic and medicinal chemistry.Besides,the title compounds have exhibited promising activity against the SKP2-CKS1 interaction.展开更多
The ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway plays diverse roles in eukaryotes. Previous studies indicate that both F-box and Kelch motifs are common in a variety of organisms. F-box proteins are subunits of E3...The ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway plays diverse roles in eukaryotes. Previous studies indicate that both F-box and Kelch motifs are common in a variety of organisms. F-box proteins are subunits of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes called SCFs （SKP1, Cullinl, F-box protein, and Rbxl）; they have an N-terminal F-box motif that binds to SKP1 （S-phase kinase associated protein）, and often have C-terminal protein-protein interaction domains, which specify the protein substrates for degradation via the ubiquitin pathway. One of the most frequently found protein interaction domains in F-box proteins is the Kelch repeat domain. Although both the F-box and Kelch repeats are ancient motifs, Kelch repeats-containing F-box proteins （KFB） have only been reported for human and Arabidopsis previously. The recent sequencing of the rice genome and other plant genomes provides an opportunity to examine the possible evolution history of KFB. We carried out extensive BLAST searches to identify putative KFBs in selected organisms, and analyzed their relationships phylogenetically. We also carried out the analysis of both gene duplication and gene expression of the KFBs in rice and Arabidopsis. Our study indicates that the origin of KFBs occurs before the divergence of animals and plants, and plant KFBs underwent rapid gene duplications.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31960585)Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(Grant No.Guike AA22068092)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Vanguard Special Action Project(Grant No.202204)State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources(Grant Nos.SKLCUSA-a201906,SKLCU-SA-c201901)。
文摘The SKP1 gene is an important component of the SCF(SKP1-Cullin1-F-box)complex and serves as a bridge connecting the F-box and Cullin1genes(F-box-SKP1-Cullin1).The pattern of S-RNase being ubiquitously labelled by the SCF complex and degraded by the 26S protease accounts for the bulk of the available self-incompatibility studies.In this study,15 ClSKP1s from the‘Xiangshui'lemon genome and ubiquitome exist in the same SKP1 conserved domain(CD)as SKP1s in other species.The q PCR results showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 have tissue expression patterns specific for expression in pollen.In addition,SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 in the stigma,style and ovary were significantly upregulated after self-pollination compared to those after cross-pollination.A subcellular location showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 were located in the nucleus.In addition,yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)assays,bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and luciferase complementation imaging(LCI)assays showed that SKP1-6 interacted with F-box1,F-box33,F-box34,F-box17,F-box19,Cullin1-2 and 26S proteasome subunit 4 homolog A(26S PS4HA).SKP1-14 interacted with F-box17,F-box19,F-box35,Cullin1-2 and 26S PS4HA.The interaction of Cullin1-2 and the F-box with SKP1 as a bridge was verified by a yeast three-hybrid experiment.The ability of S3-RNase to inhibit pollen and pollen tube growth and development was assessed using in vitro pollen co-culture experiments with recombinant S3-RNase proteins.Overall,this study provides important experimental evidence and theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of self-incompatibility in plants by revealing the key role of the SCF complex in‘Xiangshui'lemon,which is bridged by ClSKP1-6,in self-incompatibility.The results of this study are of great significance for the future indepth exploration of the molecular mechanism of the SCF complex and its wide application in the self-incompatibility of plants.
文摘为探索SKP1(S-phase kinase association protein 1)基因在猪卵泡中的表达规律,本试验从猪卵泡组织中克隆了猪SKP1基因CDS区全长序列,采用Real-time PCR方法检测SKP1基因在不同组织中的表达谱,进一步分析了该基因在梅山猪和杜洛克猪S卵泡、M1卵泡、M2卵泡、L卵泡中的表达。结果表明,经克隆测序,得到了猪SKP1基因492bp编码区全长序列,与羊、人、黑猩猩、牛、大鼠的同源性分别为93.10%、92.90%、92.29%、91.89%、89.86%。SKP1基因在各组织中均有不同程度的表达(肌肉、脂肪、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、十二指肠、卵巢、输卵管、子宫、子宫角、垂体、黄体、大脑、下丘脑),其中在子宫、脾脏、输卵管中表达量较高。SKP1基因的表达量在梅山猪S卵泡、M1卵泡和M2卵泡中的表达量均高于杜洛克猪,特别是在梅山猪M1卵泡和M2卵泡中SKP1基因的表达量极显著高于杜洛克猪(P<0.01),分别达到了2.39、2.82倍,而在L卵泡中的表达量却是杜洛克猪高于梅山猪,结果提示SKP1基因可能参与猪卵泡发育过程。
基金Supported by the NSFC Projects(31971972)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(ZD2019C001)the Outstanding Talents and Innovative Team of Agricultural Scientific Research。
文摘Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae(P.sojae)is a devastating disease that affects soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]all over the world.S-phase kinase-associated protein 1(SKP1)proteins are key members of the SKP1/Cullin/F-box protein(SCF)ubiquitin ligase complex and play diverse roles in plant biology.However,the role of SKP1 in soybean against the phytopathogenic oomycete P.sojae remains unclear.In this study,a novel member of the soybean SKP1 gene family,GmSKP1 which was significantly induced by P.sojae,was reported.The expression of GmSKP1 was simultaneously induced by methyl jasmonate(MeJA),salicylic acid(SA)and ethylene(ET),which might suggest an important role for GmSKP1 of plant in responses to hormone treatments.Functional analysis using GmSKP1 overexpression lines showed that GmSKP1 enhanced resistance to P.sojae in transgenic soybean plants.Further analyses showed that GmSKP1 interacted with a homeodomain-leucine zipper protein transcription factor(GmHDL56)and a WRKY transcription factor(GmWRKY31),which could positively regulate responses to P.sojae in soybean.Importantly,several pathogenesis-related(PR)genes were constitutively activated,including GmPR1a,GmPR2,GmPR3,GmPR4,GmPR5a and GmPR10,in GmSKP1-OE soybean plants.Taken together,these results suggested that GmSKP1 enhanced resistance to P.sojae in soybean,possibly by activating the defense-related PR genes.
基金supported by a grant from National Nature Science Foundation of China(82104260 to Xiaoling Liu)Xin-gliao Talents Program(XLYC1802007,China)Department of education of Liaoning Province(1911520092,China)to Dan Ohtan Wang.
文摘Perimenopause raises the risk and incidence of depression,whereas the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.Disturbed glucose regulation has been widely documented in depressive dis-orders,which renders the brain susceptible to various stresses such as estrogen depletion.However,whether and how glucose dysfunction regulates depression-like behaviors and neuronal damage in perimenopausal transition remains unexplored.Here,a prominent depressive phenotype was found in perimenopausal mice induced by the ovarian toxin 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide(VCD).The VCD depression susceptible group(VCD^(SS))and the VCD depression resilient group(VCD^(RES))were deter-mined using a ROC-based behavioral screening approach.We found that the hippocampus,a crucial region linked to depression,had hyperglycemia and mitochondrial abnormalities.Interestingly,oral administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin(EMPA)and intrahippocampal glucose infusion sug-gest a close relationship between hyperglycemia in the hippocampus and the susceptibility to depression.We verified that cytochrome c oxidase 7c(COX7C)downregulation is a potential cause of the high glucose-induced neuronal injury using proteomic screening and biochemical validations.High glucose causes COX7C to be ubiquitinated in a S-phase kinase associated protein 1(SKP1)-dependent manner.According to these results,SKP1/COX7C represents a unique therapeutic target and a novel molecular route for treating perimenopausal depression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81773562 and 81703326)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2018M630840 and 2019T120641)Scientific Program of Henan Province(No.182102310123)。
文摘The isoindolinone and biaryl scaffolds are prevalent in natural products and drug molecules,which have showed broad and interesting biological activities.The efficient construction of such hybridized molecules and biological evaluation are of great interest to medicinal chemistry community.In this communication,we report an efficient BrΦnsted acid-promoted C(sp^3)-H functionalization approach that enables the rapid construction of biologically important isoindolinone/[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hybrids from 5-methyl-7-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine,2-formylbenzoic acid and various anilines.The title compounds were generated in high to excellent yields(up to 96%)regardless of the electronic nature and steric effects of the substituents.In this reaction,an isoindolinone scaffold,one C-C single bond,and two C-N bonds were formed simultaneously with high atom economy.In this work,we have envisioned that the methyl group linked to the electron-deficient Nheterocycles could be used as a new synthetic handle for late-state diversification and may have broad applications in the field of organic and medicinal chemistry.Besides,the title compounds have exhibited promising activity against the SKP2-CKS1 interaction.
基金Supported by the Grant from US Department of Energy （DE-FG02- 02E R 15332）. Publication of this paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30624808）.Acknowledgements We thank Ralph Quatrano for sharing unpublished information on Physcomitrella patens genomic sequences, Hongzhi Kong for helpful discussion, and Guanfang Wang for comments on the manuscript.
文摘The ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway plays diverse roles in eukaryotes. Previous studies indicate that both F-box and Kelch motifs are common in a variety of organisms. F-box proteins are subunits of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes called SCFs （SKP1, Cullinl, F-box protein, and Rbxl）; they have an N-terminal F-box motif that binds to SKP1 （S-phase kinase associated protein）, and often have C-terminal protein-protein interaction domains, which specify the protein substrates for degradation via the ubiquitin pathway. One of the most frequently found protein interaction domains in F-box proteins is the Kelch repeat domain. Although both the F-box and Kelch repeats are ancient motifs, Kelch repeats-containing F-box proteins （KFB） have only been reported for human and Arabidopsis previously. The recent sequencing of the rice genome and other plant genomes provides an opportunity to examine the possible evolution history of KFB. We carried out extensive BLAST searches to identify putative KFBs in selected organisms, and analyzed their relationships phylogenetically. We also carried out the analysis of both gene duplication and gene expression of the KFBs in rice and Arabidopsis. Our study indicates that the origin of KFBs occurs before the divergence of animals and plants, and plant KFBs underwent rapid gene duplications.
