Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin like growth factor II (IGF II) on cartilage cells from proboscis of skate, Raja porasa Günther, were investigated in this study. The cartilage cells we...Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin like growth factor II (IGF II) on cartilage cells from proboscis of skate, Raja porasa Günther, were investigated in this study. The cartilage cells were cultured in 20% FBS supplemented MEM medium at 24℃. Twelve hours after culture initiation, the cartilage cells were treated with bFGF and IGF II at different concentration combinations. It was found that 20 ng/ml of bFGF or 80 ng/ml of IGF II was enough to have obvious stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. Test of bFGF and IGF II together, revealed that 20 ng/ml of bFGF and 80 ng/ml of IGF II together had the best stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. The cartilage cells cultured could form a monolayer at day 7.展开更多
At the altitude,hypoxia and training load are key factors in the development of oxidative stress.Altitude-induced oxidative stress is developed due to the depletion of antioxidant potential.In the current study,we exa...At the altitude,hypoxia and training load are key factors in the development of oxidative stress.Altitude-induced oxidative stress is developed due to the depletion of antioxidant potential.In the current study,we examined the non-enzymatic antioxidant profile of blood plasma in 7 males and 5 females specializing in speed skating at a 21-day training camp at 1850m above sea level.Training included:cycling,roller skating,ice skating,strength training,and special training.At the start point and the endpoint,total hemoglobin mass(tHb-mass),hemoglobin concentration,and circulating blood volume were determined.Antioxidant profiles,hypoxic doses,hypoxic impulses,and training impulses were assessed at 3,6,10,14,and 18 days.Antioxidant profiles consisting of“urate”and“thiol”parts were registered with chemiluminometry.In the training dynamics,antioxidant parameters changed individually,but in total there was a decrease in the“urate”capacity by a factor of 1.6(p=0.001)and an increase in the“thiol”capacity by a factor of 1.8(p=0.013).The changes in“urate”capacity positively correlated(r_(S)=0.40)and the changes in“thiol”capacity negatively correlated(r_(S)=−0.45)with changes in tHb-mass.Both exercise and hypoxic factors affect the antioxidant parameters bidirectionally.They correlated with a decrease in thiol capacity and with an increase in urate capacity.The assessment of the non-enzymatic antioxidant profile can be a simple and useful addition to screening the reactive oxygen species homeostasis and can help choose the personalized training schedule,individualize recovery and ergogenic support.展开更多
Cartilaginous fish(sharks,skates,rays,and chimaeras)are an important group of vertebrates facing the risk of regional extinction due to factors such as overfishing(Pacoureau et al.2021;Finucci et al.2024;Worm et al.20...Cartilaginous fish(sharks,skates,rays,and chimaeras)are an important group of vertebrates facing the risk of regional extinction due to factors such as overfishing(Pacoureau et al.2021;Finucci et al.2024;Worm et al.2024).However,knowledge of their reproduction and conservation remains limited.Understanding the genetic diversity,population structure,and reproductive behaviors of cartilaginous fish can offer valuable insights into their reproductive strategies and ecological adaptability,which are crucial for the conservation of these vulnerable species.Here,we present a chromosome-level draft genome as well as whole genome resequencing data of seven other individuals for the Kong skate(Okamejei kenojei),a species that has been reported to have a population decrease based on fisheries resource surveys(Deng&Jin 2001;Rigby et al.2021).Our analysis revealed lineage-specific genomic changes in O.kenojei,including the expansion of 69 gene families.We also assessed their genetic diversity,which showed a decline in population size over the past million years.Furthermore,we examined the egg-laying behavior of 24 adult female specimens and the incubation period of 35 embryos,indicating a low reproductive capacity.In conclusion,our findings suggest that the genetic diversity of the current wild population of O.kenojei is relatively healthy,but their reproductive output is low.Without proper management and protection,this could lead to irreversible impacts on the population,highlighting the importance of conservation efforts for this species.展开更多
Purpose To measure changes in strength,power,and agility over consecutive seasons based on competition level in figure skaters.Methods A total of 197 competitive singles figure skaters(age range=9-25 years old)complet...Purpose To measure changes in strength,power,and agility over consecutive seasons based on competition level in figure skaters.Methods A total of 197 competitive singles figure skaters(age range=9-25 years old)completed combines with United States Figure Skating on two consecutive seasons between 2011 and 2018.Skaters either remained in the same competitive on-ice level or increased by one level on consecutive seasons.All athletes completed the hexagon agility test,maximal verti-cal jump,timed tuck jumps,push-ups,and bent knee v-ups.Repeated-measures analyses of variance separated by sex with Tukey’s post hoc were performed for each dependent variable and Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated for all significant differences.Results Female skaters who remained in the same level demonstrated improved performance on vertical jump(3.66 cm higher),timed tuck jumps(3.77 more jumps),v-ups(1.59 more v-ups),and hexagon jump(1.17 s faster).There was an interaction for female skaters who remained in the same level(P=0.004),with senior and junior levels outperforming inter-mediate level skaters on the hexagon jump test.Female skaters who increased level demonstrated improved performance on the vertical jump(2.24 cm higher),hexagon jump(1.16 cm faster),and tuck jump(3.03 more jumps).Male skaters did not demonstrate any changes in performance except v-ups(2.86 more v-ups)for those who increased level.Conclusions The greatest changes were in lower level female skaters who remained in the same level,supporting the impor-tance of participating in strength and conditioning programs earlier in skating careers to maximize athleticism before reaching the senior level,when changes in off-ice performance plateau.展开更多
文摘Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin like growth factor II (IGF II) on cartilage cells from proboscis of skate, Raja porasa Günther, were investigated in this study. The cartilage cells were cultured in 20% FBS supplemented MEM medium at 24℃. Twelve hours after culture initiation, the cartilage cells were treated with bFGF and IGF II at different concentration combinations. It was found that 20 ng/ml of bFGF or 80 ng/ml of IGF II was enough to have obvious stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. Test of bFGF and IGF II together, revealed that 20 ng/ml of bFGF and 80 ng/ml of IGF II together had the best stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. The cartilage cells cultured could form a monolayer at day 7.
文摘At the altitude,hypoxia and training load are key factors in the development of oxidative stress.Altitude-induced oxidative stress is developed due to the depletion of antioxidant potential.In the current study,we examined the non-enzymatic antioxidant profile of blood plasma in 7 males and 5 females specializing in speed skating at a 21-day training camp at 1850m above sea level.Training included:cycling,roller skating,ice skating,strength training,and special training.At the start point and the endpoint,total hemoglobin mass(tHb-mass),hemoglobin concentration,and circulating blood volume were determined.Antioxidant profiles,hypoxic doses,hypoxic impulses,and training impulses were assessed at 3,6,10,14,and 18 days.Antioxidant profiles consisting of“urate”and“thiol”parts were registered with chemiluminometry.In the training dynamics,antioxidant parameters changed individually,but in total there was a decrease in the“urate”capacity by a factor of 1.6(p=0.001)and an increase in the“thiol”capacity by a factor of 1.8(p=0.013).The changes in“urate”capacity positively correlated(r_(S)=0.40)and the changes in“thiol”capacity negatively correlated(r_(S)=−0.45)with changes in tHb-mass.Both exercise and hypoxic factors affect the antioxidant parameters bidirectionally.They correlated with a decrease in thiol capacity and with an increase in urate capacity.The assessment of the non-enzymatic antioxidant profile can be a simple and useful addition to screening the reactive oxygen species homeostasis and can help choose the personalized training schedule,individualize recovery and ergogenic support.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3400300).
文摘Cartilaginous fish(sharks,skates,rays,and chimaeras)are an important group of vertebrates facing the risk of regional extinction due to factors such as overfishing(Pacoureau et al.2021;Finucci et al.2024;Worm et al.2024).However,knowledge of their reproduction and conservation remains limited.Understanding the genetic diversity,population structure,and reproductive behaviors of cartilaginous fish can offer valuable insights into their reproductive strategies and ecological adaptability,which are crucial for the conservation of these vulnerable species.Here,we present a chromosome-level draft genome as well as whole genome resequencing data of seven other individuals for the Kong skate(Okamejei kenojei),a species that has been reported to have a population decrease based on fisheries resource surveys(Deng&Jin 2001;Rigby et al.2021).Our analysis revealed lineage-specific genomic changes in O.kenojei,including the expansion of 69 gene families.We also assessed their genetic diversity,which showed a decline in population size over the past million years.Furthermore,we examined the egg-laying behavior of 24 adult female specimens and the incubation period of 35 embryos,indicating a low reproductive capacity.In conclusion,our findings suggest that the genetic diversity of the current wild population of O.kenojei is relatively healthy,but their reproductive output is low.Without proper management and protection,this could lead to irreversible impacts on the population,highlighting the importance of conservation efforts for this species.
文摘Purpose To measure changes in strength,power,and agility over consecutive seasons based on competition level in figure skaters.Methods A total of 197 competitive singles figure skaters(age range=9-25 years old)completed combines with United States Figure Skating on two consecutive seasons between 2011 and 2018.Skaters either remained in the same competitive on-ice level or increased by one level on consecutive seasons.All athletes completed the hexagon agility test,maximal verti-cal jump,timed tuck jumps,push-ups,and bent knee v-ups.Repeated-measures analyses of variance separated by sex with Tukey’s post hoc were performed for each dependent variable and Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated for all significant differences.Results Female skaters who remained in the same level demonstrated improved performance on vertical jump(3.66 cm higher),timed tuck jumps(3.77 more jumps),v-ups(1.59 more v-ups),and hexagon jump(1.17 s faster).There was an interaction for female skaters who remained in the same level(P=0.004),with senior and junior levels outperforming inter-mediate level skaters on the hexagon jump test.Female skaters who increased level demonstrated improved performance on the vertical jump(2.24 cm higher),hexagon jump(1.16 cm faster),and tuck jump(3.03 more jumps).Male skaters did not demonstrate any changes in performance except v-ups(2.86 more v-ups)for those who increased level.Conclusions The greatest changes were in lower level female skaters who remained in the same level,supporting the impor-tance of participating in strength and conditioning programs earlier in skating careers to maximize athleticism before reaching the senior level,when changes in off-ice performance plateau.
