Long term prediction and near real time (nowcasting) maps of the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2), over the geographic area extending in latitude from 34°N to 60°N and in longitude from -5°W to...Long term prediction and near real time (nowcasting) maps of the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2), over the geographic area extending in latitude from 34°N to 60°N and in longitude from -5°W to 40°E, have been provided since 2006 by the DIAS (European Digital Upper Atmosphere Server) system. This work describes the software package PRODUCTION_DATABASE_foF2 & Extract_Real_Time_Grid_foF2 constituted by two original software packages called PRODUCTION_ DATABASE_foF2 and Extract_Real_Time_Grid_foF2 which have been developed in the framework of the ESA SSA Programme P2-SWE-1, in order to provide numerical grids of foF2 prediction on a mapping area more extended than that offered by the DIAS both in latitude (from 34°N to 80°N) and in longitude (from -10°W to 40°E). PRODUCTION_DATABASE_foF2, by means of the CCIR and SIRM models, provides a database of long term predictions of foF2 for all the months and the solar activities characterized by the 12-month smoothed mean value of the monthly sunspots number (R12) ranged between -50 and 150 with step = 1. On the basis of two effective sunspots numbers, R12eff_Northern and R12eff_Southern, which are calculated each hour using the foF2 autoscaled values provided by some reference stations, Extract_Real_Time_Grid_foF2 extracts from the database of long term predictions of foF2 the numerical grids representing the near real time ionospheric conditions for the hour and month under consideration. Some applications of PRODUCTION_DATABASE_foF2 and Extract_Real_Time_Grid_foF2 in terms of long term forecast and nowcasting maps of foF2 are shown and their usefulness is discussed.展开更多
Estimating magnetic properties of water samples by first measuring the Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (ARM) before Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (IRM) is induced has been costly due to the discard of samples ...Estimating magnetic properties of water samples by first measuring the Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (ARM) before Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (IRM) is induced has been costly due to the discard of samples measured by staring with the latter before the former. However, no clear understanding exists on the effect of measuring magnetic properties values by first inducing IRM before ARM. This study explored the effect of measuring concentration related parameters (χlf, χfd and χARM), a mineral related parameter (S-300) and grain size parameters (χfd% and χARM/SIRM ratio) fromwater samples by starting with IRM before ARM. Forty three surface water samples were collected from the estuarine of Yangtze River (China) with the aim of measuring magnetic characteristics by starting with IRM before ARM. The results indicated that, measuring magnetic properties by either starting with ARM or IRM led to similar values for χlf, χfd, χfd%, χARM, S-300 and χARM/SIRM ratio (p > 0.05). These results imply that, measuring concentrationrelated parameters does not necessarily require measuring ARM first and then IRM. Researchers can start by measuring any parameter between ARM and IRM without affecting the final results of the water samples, but with proper demagnetization when started with IRM.展开更多
Rock magnetic measurements of Nihewan sediments from Xujiayao section demonstrate that magnetite, hematite and maghemite are dominant remanent magnetization carriers. Monitoring the variations of magnetic susceptibili...Rock magnetic measurements of Nihewan sediments from Xujiayao section demonstrate that magnetite, hematite and maghemite are dominant remanent magnetization carriers. Monitoring the variations of magnetic susceptibility(MS) and saturating isothermal remanent magnetization(SIRM) at low temperature are the attractive ways of detecting the presence of magnetite, maghemitization and superparamagnetic grain sizes. Low-temperature MS investigations suggest that susceptibility enhancement for Xujiayao samples is mainly due to the remarkable presence of SD/MD magnetite to some degree though some magnetite grains have been partially oxidized at some depths. It is tentatively concluded that both SD/MD magnetite and hematite are of detrital origin and carry a characteristic remanent magnetization(ChRM), whereas maghemite can be attributed to be chemical origin, overprinting a reversed polarity component of Matuyama age.展开更多
Insoluble microparticles in ice cores are related closely to the transportation of eolian dust,and thus are important natural media to reconstruct climate change.In this study,we conducted a systematic mineral-magneti...Insoluble microparticles in ice cores are related closely to the transportation of eolian dust,and thus are important natural media to reconstruct climate change.In this study,we conducted a systematic mineral-magnetic investigation of insoluble microparticles in the Nojingkangsang ice core (29°2.1'N,90°11.88'E,5950 m) from the Southern Tibetan Plateau.Results indicate that the dominant magnetic mineral is magnetite,and its concentration has grown significantly since the 1980s,which coincides with trends in climate warming of the Tibetan Plateau.Influenced by regional warming,the glacial recession around Nojingkangsang shortens the distance between the dust source and glacial areas and thus increases the concentration of coarse-grained magnetic minerals in ice cores.However,the frequency of dust storms,associated with annual precipitation,could play only a regulatory role on the magnetic content over yearly (or seasonal) time scales.Therefore,using a new approach,the magnetic index of insoluble microparticles in ice cores of this region is seen as mainly reflecting trends in climate warming.展开更多
文摘Long term prediction and near real time (nowcasting) maps of the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2), over the geographic area extending in latitude from 34°N to 60°N and in longitude from -5°W to 40°E, have been provided since 2006 by the DIAS (European Digital Upper Atmosphere Server) system. This work describes the software package PRODUCTION_DATABASE_foF2 & Extract_Real_Time_Grid_foF2 constituted by two original software packages called PRODUCTION_ DATABASE_foF2 and Extract_Real_Time_Grid_foF2 which have been developed in the framework of the ESA SSA Programme P2-SWE-1, in order to provide numerical grids of foF2 prediction on a mapping area more extended than that offered by the DIAS both in latitude (from 34°N to 80°N) and in longitude (from -10°W to 40°E). PRODUCTION_DATABASE_foF2, by means of the CCIR and SIRM models, provides a database of long term predictions of foF2 for all the months and the solar activities characterized by the 12-month smoothed mean value of the monthly sunspots number (R12) ranged between -50 and 150 with step = 1. On the basis of two effective sunspots numbers, R12eff_Northern and R12eff_Southern, which are calculated each hour using the foF2 autoscaled values provided by some reference stations, Extract_Real_Time_Grid_foF2 extracts from the database of long term predictions of foF2 the numerical grids representing the near real time ionospheric conditions for the hour and month under consideration. Some applications of PRODUCTION_DATABASE_foF2 and Extract_Real_Time_Grid_foF2 in terms of long term forecast and nowcasting maps of foF2 are shown and their usefulness is discussed.
文摘Estimating magnetic properties of water samples by first measuring the Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (ARM) before Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (IRM) is induced has been costly due to the discard of samples measured by staring with the latter before the former. However, no clear understanding exists on the effect of measuring magnetic properties values by first inducing IRM before ARM. This study explored the effect of measuring concentration related parameters (χlf, χfd and χARM), a mineral related parameter (S-300) and grain size parameters (χfd% and χARM/SIRM ratio) fromwater samples by starting with IRM before ARM. Forty three surface water samples were collected from the estuarine of Yangtze River (China) with the aim of measuring magnetic characteristics by starting with IRM before ARM. The results indicated that, measuring magnetic properties by either starting with ARM or IRM led to similar values for χlf, χfd, χfd%, χARM, S-300 and χARM/SIRM ratio (p > 0.05). These results imply that, measuring concentrationrelated parameters does not necessarily require measuring ARM first and then IRM. Researchers can start by measuring any parameter between ARM and IRM without affecting the final results of the water samples, but with proper demagnetization when started with IRM.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.49474218) The Norwegian MSc-Program financed the stay of Wang Xisheng in Norway for two years. We thank Dr. Harald Walderhaug, Dr. H. Stockhausen, and Dr. F. Hauge
文摘Rock magnetic measurements of Nihewan sediments from Xujiayao section demonstrate that magnetite, hematite and maghemite are dominant remanent magnetization carriers. Monitoring the variations of magnetic susceptibility(MS) and saturating isothermal remanent magnetization(SIRM) at low temperature are the attractive ways of detecting the presence of magnetite, maghemitization and superparamagnetic grain sizes. Low-temperature MS investigations suggest that susceptibility enhancement for Xujiayao samples is mainly due to the remarkable presence of SD/MD magnetite to some degree though some magnetite grains have been partially oxidized at some depths. It is tentatively concluded that both SD/MD magnetite and hematite are of detrital origin and carry a characteristic remanent magnetization(ChRM), whereas maghemite can be attributed to be chemical origin, overprinting a reversed polarity component of Matuyama age.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 40874033,40974036,41074041 and 41025013)CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘Insoluble microparticles in ice cores are related closely to the transportation of eolian dust,and thus are important natural media to reconstruct climate change.In this study,we conducted a systematic mineral-magnetic investigation of insoluble microparticles in the Nojingkangsang ice core (29°2.1'N,90°11.88'E,5950 m) from the Southern Tibetan Plateau.Results indicate that the dominant magnetic mineral is magnetite,and its concentration has grown significantly since the 1980s,which coincides with trends in climate warming of the Tibetan Plateau.Influenced by regional warming,the glacial recession around Nojingkangsang shortens the distance between the dust source and glacial areas and thus increases the concentration of coarse-grained magnetic minerals in ice cores.However,the frequency of dust storms,associated with annual precipitation,could play only a regulatory role on the magnetic content over yearly (or seasonal) time scales.Therefore,using a new approach,the magnetic index of insoluble microparticles in ice cores of this region is seen as mainly reflecting trends in climate warming.
