In situ x-ray diffraction electrochemical method is used to study the activation of silver electrode in KCl solution and UPD lead on silver electrode surface. We found that the activation makes the silver crystal thic...In situ x-ray diffraction electrochemical method is used to study the activation of silver electrode in KCl solution and UPD lead on silver electrode surface. We found that the activation makes the silver crystal thicker in (111), and the arrangement of water molecules on the silver electrode surface with UPD lead is partially ordered.展开更多
In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar perce...In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.展开更多
Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development...Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of^(-1).68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and^(-1).682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant^(-1)),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.26-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.25-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.23-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant^(-1))and 8(times·d^(-1)),0.18(L·plant^(-1))and 7(times·d^(-1)),0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.49(L·plant^(-1))and 5(times·d^(-1)),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.展开更多
Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding str...Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding strength in titanium/stainless steel laminated composites were investigated.Results indicate that the hardened layer reduces the interfacial bonding strength from over 261 MPa to less than 204 MPa.During the cold roll-bonding process,the hardened layer fractures,leading to the formation of multi-scale cracks that are difficult for the stainless steel to fill.This not only hinders the development of an interlocking interface but also leads to the presence of numerous microcracks and hardened blocks along the nearly straight interface,consequently weakening the interfacial bonding strength.In metals with high work hardening rates,the conventional approach of enhancing interface interlocking and improving interfacial bonding strength by using a surface-hardened layer becomes less effective.展开更多
Silver is an elegant white precious metal,but it is easily oxidized by O3,SO2,and H2S in the air,turning yellow or dark,which affects its decorative effect.The existing silver coating,primarily prepared through the el...Silver is an elegant white precious metal,but it is easily oxidized by O3,SO2,and H2S in the air,turning yellow or dark,which affects its decorative effect.The existing silver coating,primarily prepared through the electroplating process,poses serious environmental pollution problems.It is necessary to seek new,green,and environmentally friendly coating processes while also enhancing the color palette of silver jewelry coatings.Titanium film layers were deposited on Ag925 and Ag999 surfaces using magnetron sputtering coating technology.The effects of sputtering time,substrate surface state,reaction gas type and time,and film thickness on the color of the film layers were studied,and the anti discoloration performance of the obtained film layers under the optimal process was tested.The experimental results show that when the sputtering time varies from 5 to 10 minutes,injecting argon,oxygen,and nitrogen into the coating chamber yields rich colors such as purple with a red tint,blue,yellow green,yellowish purple,and blue purple.The precise control of gas injection time has a significant impact on the color of the film layer.In terms of anti tarnish performance,the film showed good stability in the artificial sweat immersion test.From an environmental perspective,the magnetron sputtering titanium film process has no harmful gas or liquid emissions,which aligns with the sustainable development trend of the jewelry industry and holds great promise for application.This study has improved the visual effect and practical performance of the product,providing important theoretical basis and experimental data support for the application of environmentally friendly silver surface vacuum magnetron sputtering titanium thin film coating technology.展开更多
Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)for building integration represent a pivotal direction in the development of photovoltaic industry.Solution-processed silver nanowires(AgNWs)are considered promising candi...Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)for building integration represent a pivotal direction in the development of photovoltaic industry.Solution-processed silver nanowires(AgNWs)are considered promising candidates for transparent electrodes in semitransparent devices due to their high transparency-conductivity-efficiency merit,large-scale processability,and low cost.In this work,we develop two solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid electrodes,named AgNWs-PD and AgNWsPC,utilizing AgNWs as the conductive framework and aliphatic amine-functionalized perylene-diimide(PDINN)as the sandwiched material,while AgNWs-PC exhibits significantly improved electrical conductivity and enhanced contact area with the underlying electron transport layer.The optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 9.45%with an open circuit voltage of 0.846 V,a high filling factor of 75.4%,and an average visible transmittance(AVT)of 44.0%,delivering an outstanding light utilization efficiency(LUE)of 4.16%,which is the highest reported value for all solution-processed ST-OPVs.In addition,by coupling a 30-nm tellurium dioxide atop AgNWs-PC,the bifaciality factor of derivative devices improves from 73.7%to 99.4%,while maintaining a high bifacial LUE over 3.7%.Our results emphasize the superiority and effectiveness of PDINN-sandwiched AgNWs electrodes for highperformance and all solution-processed ST-OPVs.展开更多
Finely divided silver nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Arabic gum （AG） was used as both the reductant and steric stabilizer without any other surfactant. By adjusting the reaction temperat...Finely divided silver nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Arabic gum （AG） was used as both the reductant and steric stabilizer without any other surfactant. By adjusting the reaction temperature, mass ratio of AG to AgNO3, and reaction time, silver nanoparticles with different morphological characteristics could be obtained. The products were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, TEM, SEM, and XRD measurements. It was found that temperature and AG played an important role in the synthesis of mono-disperse silver nanoparticles. Well dispersed and quasispherical silver nanoparticles were obtained under the optimal synthesis conditions of 10 mmol/L AgNO3, m（AG）/m（AgN03）= l：1, 160 ℃ and 3 h.展开更多
Leaching from silver sulfide.using a copper-thiosulfate solution in the absence of ammonia was investigated. It is found that silver sulfide could be effectively dissolved in the copper-thiosulfate system without ammo...Leaching from silver sulfide.using a copper-thiosulfate solution in the absence of ammonia was investigated. It is found that silver sulfide could be effectively dissolved in the copper-thiosulfate system without ammonia. The effects of thiosulfate concentration, cop- per-to-thiosulfate ratio, agitation vigorousness, pH values, and dissolved gases on the leaching of silver sulfide with the copper-thiosulfate solution were studied. A maximum extraction of 95.1% was achieved with the 0.12 mol/L thiosulfate and the 0.048 rnol/L copper sulfate. It is shown that copper-to-thiosulfate ratio is an important factor in silver sulfide dissolution and oxygen is not needed to leach silver sulfide, which leads to the instability of the leaching system at high copper-to-thiosulfate ratio. On the other hand, the silver extraction is not affected by the pulp pH values.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal stricture ranks among the most significant complications following endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).Excessive fibrotic repair is a typical pathological feature leading to stenosis after ESD....BACKGROUND Esophageal stricture ranks among the most significant complications following endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).Excessive fibrotic repair is a typical pathological feature leading to stenosis after ESD.AIM To examine the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of Kangfuxin solution(KFX)in mitigating excessive fibrotic repair of the esophagus post-ESD.METHODS Pigs received KFX at 0.74 mL/kg/d for 21 days after esophageal full circumferential ESD.Endoscopic examinations occurred on days 7 and 21 post-ESD.In vitro,recombinant transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1(5 ng/mL)induced a fibrotic microenvironment in primary esophageal fibroblasts(pEsF).After 24 hours of KFX treatment(at 1.5%,1%,and 0.5%),expression ofα-smooth muscle actin-2(ACTA2),fibronectin(FN),and type collagen I was assessed.Profibrotic signaling was analyzed,including TGF-β1,Smad2/3,and phosphor-smad2/3(p-Smad2/3).RESULTS Compared to the Control group,the groups treated with KFX and prednisolone exhibited reduced esophageal stenosis,lower weight loss rates,and improved food tolerance 21 d after ESD.After treatment,Masson staining revealed thinner and less dense collagen fibers in the submucosal layer.Additionally,the expression of fibrotic effector molecules was notably inhibited.Mechanistically,KFX downregulated the transduction levels of fibrotic functional molecules such as TGF-β1,Smad2/3,and p-Smad2/3.In vitro,pEsF exposed to TGF-β1-induced fibrotic microenvironment displayed increased fibrotic activity,which was reversed by KFX treatment,leading to reduced activation of ACTA2,FN,and collagen I.The 1.5%KFX treatment group showed decreased expression of p-Smad 2/3 in TGF-β1-activated pEsF.CONCLUSION KFX showed promise as a therapeutic option for post-full circumferential esophageal ESD strictures,potentially by suppressing fibroblast fibrotic activity through modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.展开更多
Tdmercaptotriazine-functionalized polystyrene chelating resin was prepared and employed for the adsorption of Ag（I） from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized according to the following techniques： Four...Tdmercaptotriazine-functionalized polystyrene chelating resin was prepared and employed for the adsorption of Ag（I） from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized according to the following techniques： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method. The effects of initial Ag（I） concentration, contact time, solution pH and coexisting ions on the adsorption capacity of Ag（I） were systematically investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of AgO） was up to 187.1 mg/g resin at pH 0.0 and room temperature. The kinetic experiments indicated that the adsorption rate of Ag（I） onto the chelating resin was quite fast in the first 60 rain and reached adsorption equilibrium after 360 min. The adsorption process can be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the equilibrium adsorption isotherm was closely fitted by the Langmuir model. Moreover, the chelating resin could selectively adsorb more Ag（I） ions than other heavy metal ions including： Cu（Ⅱ）, Zn（Ⅱ）, Ni（Ⅱ）, Pb（Ⅱ） and Cr（Ⅲ） during competitive adsorption in the binary metal species systems, which indicated that it was a highly selective adsorbent of Ag（I） from aqueous solution.展开更多
The effect of 2-butyne-1, 4-diol on silver electrodeposition process from 5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin solutions was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetric measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray di...The effect of 2-butyne-1, 4-diol on silver electrodeposition process from 5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin solutions was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetric measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Cyclic voltammetric studies indicate that the reduction process of silver electrodeposition is influenced by adding 2-butyne-1, 4-diol. Owing to its adsorption on the electrode surface, 2-butyne-1, 4-diol moderately hinders the mass transfer of the silver complexed ions from the bulk solution to the outer limit of the electrode double layer and affects the electrocrystallization step. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals that the presence of 2-butyne-1, 4-diol in the electrolyte is beneficial and the silver deposits obtained are smoother, more compact and more leveled. X-ray diffraction analysis of the silver deposits obtained at 0.5 g·L-1 2-butyne-1, 4-diol indicated that the (110) plane is the most preferred plane and is not affected by the presence of 2-butyne-1, 4-diol in the electrolyte.展开更多
Effective silver recovery is usually restricted by either environmental pollution or high recovery costs. To tackle the issues, this study introduces a novel method for the effective recovery of silver by utilizing th...Effective silver recovery is usually restricted by either environmental pollution or high recovery costs. To tackle the issues, this study introduces a novel method for the effective recovery of silver by utilizing the alkaline sodium thiosulfate-potassium ferricyanide leaching system. The reaction kinetics of silver dissolution in this system was investigated via the rotating disk electrode technology. The influences of important parameters, including the rotation speed, sodium thiosulfate concentration, potassium ferricyanide concentration, and temperature, on the silver dissolution rate were systematically investigated. The activation energy was measured to be 17.96 kJ·mol^(-1) when the silver dissolution was controlled by a diffusion process. When the silver dissolution was in the region of mixed control, the reaction orders of ferricyanide and thiosulfate were found to be 0.57 and 0.19, respectively, and the reaction orders of ferricyanide and thiosulfate were 0.55 and 0.22, respectively, when the silver dissolution was controlled by surface reaction. This study has great potential for the development of an environmentally friendly silver recovery process from end-of-life products.展开更多
An acidic solution containing 280 mg/l silver and others was treated. In order to selectively recover silver without losing other metallic elements from the solution, cementation was adopted with metallic copper. The ...An acidic solution containing 280 mg/l silver and others was treated. In order to selectively recover silver without losing other metallic elements from the solution, cementation was adopted with metallic copper. The kinetics of cementation reaction and copper dissolution and mechanism of copper consumption were studied. The results indicated that the rate of cementation reaction and copper consumption were markedly increased with the increase of temperature. For the same cementation recovery of silver , copper consumption at elevated temperature was much higher than that at ambient temperature . Cementation rate and copper consumption rate also increased with the increase of stirring velocity, while copper consumption at different stirring velocity for the same recovery of silver was almost not different. Studies on the chemical mechanism of copper consumption showed that Fe 3+ and residual leaching additive RH in the solution were the main factors that caused extra copper consumption in acidic solutions.展开更多
Tin(Sn)-lead(Pb)mixed halide perovskites have attracted widespread interest due to their wider re-sponse wavelength and lower toxicity than lead halide perovskites,Among the preparation methods,the two-step method mor...Tin(Sn)-lead(Pb)mixed halide perovskites have attracted widespread interest due to their wider re-sponse wavelength and lower toxicity than lead halide perovskites,Among the preparation methods,the two-step method more easily controls the crystallization rate and is suitable for preparing large-area per-ovskite devices.However,the residual low-conductivity iodide layer in the two-step method can affect carrier transport and device stability,and the different crystallization rates of Sn-and Pb-based per-ovskites may result in poor film quality.Therefore,Sn-Pb mixed perovskites are mainly prepared by a one-step method.Herein,a MAPb_(0.5)Sn_(0.5)I_(3)-based self-powered photodetector without a hole transport layer is fabricated by a two-step method.By adjusting the concentration of the ascorbic acid(AA)addi-tive,the final perovskite film exhibited a pure phase without residues,and the optimal device exhibited a high responsivity(0.276 A W^(-1)),large specific detectivity(2.38×10^(12) Jones),and enhanced stability.This enhancement is mainly attributed to the inhibition of Sn2+oxidation,the control of crystal growth,and the sufficient reaction between organic ammonium salts and bottom halides due to the AA-induced pore structure.展开更多
Ultrathin Li-rich Li-Cu binary alloy has become a competitive anode material for Li metal batteries of high energy density.However,due to the poor-lithiophilicity of the single skeleton structure of Li-Cu alloy,it has...Ultrathin Li-rich Li-Cu binary alloy has become a competitive anode material for Li metal batteries of high energy density.However,due to the poor-lithiophilicity of the single skeleton structure of Li-Cu alloy,it has limitations in inducing Li nucleation and improving electrochemical performance.Hence,we introduced Ag species to Li-Cu alloy to form a 30μm thick Li-rich Li-Cu-Ag ternary alloy(LCA)anode,with Li-Ag infinite solid solution as the active phase,and Cu-based finite solid solutions as three-dimensional(3D)skeleton.Such nano-wire networks with LiCu4 and CuxAgy finite solid solution phases were prepared through a facile melt coating technique,where Ag element can act as lithiophilic specie to enhance the lithiophilicity of built-in skeleton,and regulate the deposition behavior of Li effectively.Notably,the formation of CuxAgy solid solution can strengthen the structural stability of the skeleton,ensuring the geometrical integrity of Li anode,even at the fully delithiated state.Meanwhile,the Li-Ag infinite solid solution phase can promote the Li plating/stripping reversibility of the LCA anode with an improved coulombic efficiency(CE).The synergistic effect between infinite and finite solid solutions could render an enhanced electrochemical performance of Li metal batteries.The LCA|LCA symmetric cells showed a long lifespan of over 600 h with stable polarization voltage of 40 mV,in 1 mA·cm^(-2)/1 mAh·cm^(-2).In addition,the full cells matching our ultrathin LCA anode with 17.2 mg·cm^(-2)mass loading of LiFePO_(4) cathode,can continuously operate beyond 110 cycles at 0.5C,with a high capacity retention of 91.5%.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the article title.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent malignancy worldwide,posing a significant public health concern.Mounting evidence has confirmed that timely early screening facilitates the detection of incipient CRC,thereby enhan...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent malignancy worldwide,posing a significant public health concern.Mounting evidence has confirmed that timely early screening facilitates the detection of incipient CRC,thereby enhancing patient prognosis.Obviously,non-participation of asymptomatic individuals in screening programs hampers early diagnosis and may adversely affect long-term outcomes for CRC patients.In this letter,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of early screening practices,while also thoroughly examine the dilemmas and potential solutions associated with early screening for CRC.In response to these issues,we proffer a set of recommendations directed at governmental authorities and the general public,which focus on augmenting financial investment,establishing standardized screening protocols,advancing technological capabilities,and bolstering public awareness campaigns.The importance of collaborative efforts from various stakeholders cannot be overstated in the quest to enhance early detection rates and alleviate the societal burden of CRC.展开更多
Many silver(Ag)containing consumer-products(e.g.textiles)release Ag into the environment,posing ecotoxicological risks.Ag recovery mitigates environmental hazards,recycles Ag,and leads to sustainability.In the present...Many silver(Ag)containing consumer-products(e.g.textiles)release Ag into the environment,posing ecotoxicological risks.Ag recovery mitigates environmental hazards,recycles Ag,and leads to sustainability.In the present work,Ag has been recovered as Ag^0nanoparticles from the spent solution(thiourea(TU)～0.5 mol/L pH～1.1–1.2,and Ag～550 mg/L)obtained from the regeneration of an Ag-loaded resin using a simple undivided electrolytic cell.The reclaimed regenerant solution has been recycled and reused in a closed-loop scheme over multiple cycles.The process parameters,i.e.,current(0.05 A)and stirring speed(600 r/min),have been optimized for Ag recovery of～94%and TU loss of～2%.The reclaimed regenerant solution has been shown to regenerate Ag-loaded resin samples with>90%regeneration efficiency over 4 cycles of consecutive extraction and regeneration.The recovered Ag^0nanoparticles are monodisperse,consistently spherical in shape,and have a mean diameter of～6 nm with standard deviation of the Gaussian fit as～2.66 nm.展开更多
The performance of Mg alloys is significantly influenced by the concentrations and solid solution behavior of the alloying elements.In this work,the solid solution behavior of 20 alloying elements in 190 ternary Mg al...The performance of Mg alloys is significantly influenced by the concentrations and solid solution behavior of the alloying elements.In this work,the solid solution behavior of 20 alloying elements in 190 ternary Mg alloy systems at 500℃are systematically investigated.The solid solution behavior of a set of two different alloying elements in Mg alloy systems are suggested to be classified into three categories:inclusivity,exclusivity and proportionality.Inclusivity classification indicates that the two alloying elements are inclusive inα-Mg,increasing the joint solubility of both elements.Exclusivity classification suggests that the two alloying elements have a low joint solid solubility inα-Mg,since they prefer to form stable second phases.For the proportionality classification,the solubility curve of the ternary Mg alloy systems is a straight line connecting the solubility points of the two sub-binary systems.The proposed classification theory was validated by key experiments and the calculation of formation energies.The interaction effects between alloying elements and the preference of formation of second phases are the main factors determining the solid solution behavior classifications.Based on the observed solid solution features of multi-component Mg alloys,principles for alloy design of different types of high-performance Mg alloys were proposed in this work.展开更多
A hydrometallurgical process to extract silver from the silver-lead ore in Boorchi,Mongolia by using thiourea leaching solution is studied in this work.Through the observation of optical and scanning electron microsco...A hydrometallurgical process to extract silver from the silver-lead ore in Boorchi,Mongolia by using thiourea leaching solution is studied in this work.Through the observation of optical and scanning electron microscopes,and energy spectral analysis,it is determined that 5 kinds of silver minerals exist in the ore,including argentite,Ag-tetrahedrite,Ag-Zn-Sb-tetrahedrite,freibergite and acanthite.The experimental results of direct thiourea leaching of the ore show that 56%～60% of silver is leached.The main reason for the low leaching rate is due to silver minerals enveloped in galena and other minerals,even though the ore is ground to the particle size of 75μm.When the ore is pretreated with ammonium carbonate solution under oxidation,the experimental results of thiourea leaching show that the leaching rate of silver increases to near 75% with the pretreatment.Based on the leaching experiments,a principle hydrometallurgical technological route to extract silver from the Ag-Pb ore is proposed.展开更多
Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the t...Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.展开更多
基金This paper was suported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In situ x-ray diffraction electrochemical method is used to study the activation of silver electrode in KCl solution and UPD lead on silver electrode surface. We found that the activation makes the silver crystal thicker in (111), and the arrangement of water molecules on the silver electrode surface with UPD lead is partially ordered.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Research Start-up Project of Yuncheng University(YQ-2023067)Project of Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(202303021211189)+1 种基金Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Provinces(20220036)Shanxi ProvinceIntelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Application Technology Innovation Center and Shanxi Province Optoelectronic Information Science and TechnologyLaboratory,Yuncheng University.
文摘In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23-D06)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2024NC2-GJHX-29 and 2024NC-ZDCYL-05-08)Shaanxi Agricultural Collaborative Innovation and Extension Alliance Project(Grant No.LMZD202202).
文摘Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of^(-1).68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and^(-1).682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant^(-1)),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.26-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.25-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.23-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant^(-1))and 8(times·d^(-1)),0.18(L·plant^(-1))and 7(times·d^(-1)),0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.49(L·plant^(-1))and 5(times·d^(-1)),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFA0707300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374376)the Introduction Plan for High end Foreign Experts, China (No. G2023105001L)。
文摘Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding strength in titanium/stainless steel laminated composites were investigated.Results indicate that the hardened layer reduces the interfacial bonding strength from over 261 MPa to less than 204 MPa.During the cold roll-bonding process,the hardened layer fractures,leading to the formation of multi-scale cracks that are difficult for the stainless steel to fill.This not only hinders the development of an interlocking interface but also leads to the presence of numerous microcracks and hardened blocks along the nearly straight interface,consequently weakening the interfacial bonding strength.In metals with high work hardening rates,the conventional approach of enhancing interface interlocking and improving interfacial bonding strength by using a surface-hardened layer becomes less effective.
文摘Silver is an elegant white precious metal,but it is easily oxidized by O3,SO2,and H2S in the air,turning yellow or dark,which affects its decorative effect.The existing silver coating,primarily prepared through the electroplating process,poses serious environmental pollution problems.It is necessary to seek new,green,and environmentally friendly coating processes while also enhancing the color palette of silver jewelry coatings.Titanium film layers were deposited on Ag925 and Ag999 surfaces using magnetron sputtering coating technology.The effects of sputtering time,substrate surface state,reaction gas type and time,and film thickness on the color of the film layers were studied,and the anti discoloration performance of the obtained film layers under the optimal process was tested.The experimental results show that when the sputtering time varies from 5 to 10 minutes,injecting argon,oxygen,and nitrogen into the coating chamber yields rich colors such as purple with a red tint,blue,yellow green,yellowish purple,and blue purple.The precise control of gas injection time has a significant impact on the color of the film layer.In terms of anti tarnish performance,the film showed good stability in the artificial sweat immersion test.From an environmental perspective,the magnetron sputtering titanium film process has no harmful gas or liquid emissions,which aligns with the sustainable development trend of the jewelry industry and holds great promise for application.This study has improved the visual effect and practical performance of the product,providing important theoretical basis and experimental data support for the application of environmentally friendly silver surface vacuum magnetron sputtering titanium thin film coating technology.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21905137)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(15307922,C5037-18G,C4005-22Y)+1 种基金RGC Senior Research Fellowship Scheme(SRFS2223-5S01)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University:Sir Sze-yuen Chung Endowed Professorship Fund(8-8480)。
文摘Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)for building integration represent a pivotal direction in the development of photovoltaic industry.Solution-processed silver nanowires(AgNWs)are considered promising candidates for transparent electrodes in semitransparent devices due to their high transparency-conductivity-efficiency merit,large-scale processability,and low cost.In this work,we develop two solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid electrodes,named AgNWs-PD and AgNWsPC,utilizing AgNWs as the conductive framework and aliphatic amine-functionalized perylene-diimide(PDINN)as the sandwiched material,while AgNWs-PC exhibits significantly improved electrical conductivity and enhanced contact area with the underlying electron transport layer.The optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 9.45%with an open circuit voltage of 0.846 V,a high filling factor of 75.4%,and an average visible transmittance(AVT)of 44.0%,delivering an outstanding light utilization efficiency(LUE)of 4.16%,which is the highest reported value for all solution-processed ST-OPVs.In addition,by coupling a 30-nm tellurium dioxide atop AgNWs-PC,the bifaciality factor of derivative devices improves from 73.7%to 99.4%,while maintaining a high bifacial LUE over 3.7%.Our results emphasize the superiority and effectiveness of PDINN-sandwiched AgNWs electrodes for highperformance and all solution-processed ST-OPVs.
文摘Finely divided silver nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Arabic gum （AG） was used as both the reductant and steric stabilizer without any other surfactant. By adjusting the reaction temperature, mass ratio of AG to AgNO3, and reaction time, silver nanoparticles with different morphological characteristics could be obtained. The products were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, TEM, SEM, and XRD measurements. It was found that temperature and AG played an important role in the synthesis of mono-disperse silver nanoparticles. Well dispersed and quasispherical silver nanoparticles were obtained under the optimal synthesis conditions of 10 mmol/L AgNO3, m（AG）/m（AgN03）= l：1, 160 ℃ and 3 h.
基金supported by the Joint Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation Committee and Yunnan Provincial Government of China (No. U0937602)
文摘Leaching from silver sulfide.using a copper-thiosulfate solution in the absence of ammonia was investigated. It is found that silver sulfide could be effectively dissolved in the copper-thiosulfate system without ammonia. The effects of thiosulfate concentration, cop- per-to-thiosulfate ratio, agitation vigorousness, pH values, and dissolved gases on the leaching of silver sulfide with the copper-thiosulfate solution were studied. A maximum extraction of 95.1% was achieved with the 0.12 mol/L thiosulfate and the 0.048 rnol/L copper sulfate. It is shown that copper-to-thiosulfate ratio is an important factor in silver sulfide dissolution and oxygen is not needed to leach silver sulfide, which leads to the instability of the leaching system at high copper-to-thiosulfate ratio. On the other hand, the silver extraction is not affected by the pulp pH values.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province,No.2020YFS0376National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81900599Science and Technology Program of Hospital of TCM,Southwest Medical University,No.2022-CXTD-01.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal stricture ranks among the most significant complications following endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).Excessive fibrotic repair is a typical pathological feature leading to stenosis after ESD.AIM To examine the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of Kangfuxin solution(KFX)in mitigating excessive fibrotic repair of the esophagus post-ESD.METHODS Pigs received KFX at 0.74 mL/kg/d for 21 days after esophageal full circumferential ESD.Endoscopic examinations occurred on days 7 and 21 post-ESD.In vitro,recombinant transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1(5 ng/mL)induced a fibrotic microenvironment in primary esophageal fibroblasts(pEsF).After 24 hours of KFX treatment(at 1.5%,1%,and 0.5%),expression ofα-smooth muscle actin-2(ACTA2),fibronectin(FN),and type collagen I was assessed.Profibrotic signaling was analyzed,including TGF-β1,Smad2/3,and phosphor-smad2/3(p-Smad2/3).RESULTS Compared to the Control group,the groups treated with KFX and prednisolone exhibited reduced esophageal stenosis,lower weight loss rates,and improved food tolerance 21 d after ESD.After treatment,Masson staining revealed thinner and less dense collagen fibers in the submucosal layer.Additionally,the expression of fibrotic effector molecules was notably inhibited.Mechanistically,KFX downregulated the transduction levels of fibrotic functional molecules such as TGF-β1,Smad2/3,and p-Smad2/3.In vitro,pEsF exposed to TGF-β1-induced fibrotic microenvironment displayed increased fibrotic activity,which was reversed by KFX treatment,leading to reduced activation of ACTA2,FN,and collagen I.The 1.5%KFX treatment group showed decreased expression of p-Smad 2/3 in TGF-β1-activated pEsF.CONCLUSION KFX showed promise as a therapeutic option for post-full circumferential esophageal ESD strictures,potentially by suppressing fibroblast fibrotic activity through modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Project in Support of Gansu (No.XBLZ-2011-013)
文摘Tdmercaptotriazine-functionalized polystyrene chelating resin was prepared and employed for the adsorption of Ag（I） from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized according to the following techniques： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method. The effects of initial Ag（I） concentration, contact time, solution pH and coexisting ions on the adsorption capacity of Ag（I） were systematically investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of AgO） was up to 187.1 mg/g resin at pH 0.0 and room temperature. The kinetic experiments indicated that the adsorption rate of Ag（I） onto the chelating resin was quite fast in the first 60 rain and reached adsorption equilibrium after 360 min. The adsorption process can be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the equilibrium adsorption isotherm was closely fitted by the Langmuir model. Moreover, the chelating resin could selectively adsorb more Ag（I） ions than other heavy metal ions including： Cu（Ⅱ）, Zn（Ⅱ）, Ni（Ⅱ）, Pb（Ⅱ） and Cr（Ⅲ） during competitive adsorption in the binary metal species systems, which indicated that it was a highly selective adsorbent of Ag（I） from aqueous solution.
文摘The effect of 2-butyne-1, 4-diol on silver electrodeposition process from 5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin solutions was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetric measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Cyclic voltammetric studies indicate that the reduction process of silver electrodeposition is influenced by adding 2-butyne-1, 4-diol. Owing to its adsorption on the electrode surface, 2-butyne-1, 4-diol moderately hinders the mass transfer of the silver complexed ions from the bulk solution to the outer limit of the electrode double layer and affects the electrocrystallization step. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals that the presence of 2-butyne-1, 4-diol in the electrolyte is beneficial and the silver deposits obtained are smoother, more compact and more leveled. X-ray diffraction analysis of the silver deposits obtained at 0.5 g·L-1 2-butyne-1, 4-diol indicated that the (110) plane is the most preferred plane and is not affected by the presence of 2-butyne-1, 4-diol in the electrolyte.
基金financially supported by the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ZDRW-ZS-2018-1-2)the the Material Chemistry and Engineering Group, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Effective silver recovery is usually restricted by either environmental pollution or high recovery costs. To tackle the issues, this study introduces a novel method for the effective recovery of silver by utilizing the alkaline sodium thiosulfate-potassium ferricyanide leaching system. The reaction kinetics of silver dissolution in this system was investigated via the rotating disk electrode technology. The influences of important parameters, including the rotation speed, sodium thiosulfate concentration, potassium ferricyanide concentration, and temperature, on the silver dissolution rate were systematically investigated. The activation energy was measured to be 17.96 kJ·mol^(-1) when the silver dissolution was controlled by a diffusion process. When the silver dissolution was in the region of mixed control, the reaction orders of ferricyanide and thiosulfate were found to be 0.57 and 0.19, respectively, and the reaction orders of ferricyanide and thiosulfate were 0.55 and 0.22, respectively, when the silver dissolution was controlled by surface reaction. This study has great potential for the development of an environmentally friendly silver recovery process from end-of-life products.
文摘An acidic solution containing 280 mg/l silver and others was treated. In order to selectively recover silver without losing other metallic elements from the solution, cementation was adopted with metallic copper. The kinetics of cementation reaction and copper dissolution and mechanism of copper consumption were studied. The results indicated that the rate of cementation reaction and copper consumption were markedly increased with the increase of temperature. For the same cementation recovery of silver , copper consumption at elevated temperature was much higher than that at ambient temperature . Cementation rate and copper consumption rate also increased with the increase of stirring velocity, while copper consumption at different stirring velocity for the same recovery of silver was almost not different. Studies on the chemical mechanism of copper consumption showed that Fe 3+ and residual leaching additive RH in the solution were the main factors that caused extra copper consumption in acidic solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.52025028,52332008,52372214,52202273,and U22A20137)the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Tin(Sn)-lead(Pb)mixed halide perovskites have attracted widespread interest due to their wider re-sponse wavelength and lower toxicity than lead halide perovskites,Among the preparation methods,the two-step method more easily controls the crystallization rate and is suitable for preparing large-area per-ovskite devices.However,the residual low-conductivity iodide layer in the two-step method can affect carrier transport and device stability,and the different crystallization rates of Sn-and Pb-based per-ovskites may result in poor film quality.Therefore,Sn-Pb mixed perovskites are mainly prepared by a one-step method.Herein,a MAPb_(0.5)Sn_(0.5)I_(3)-based self-powered photodetector without a hole transport layer is fabricated by a two-step method.By adjusting the concentration of the ascorbic acid(AA)addi-tive,the final perovskite film exhibited a pure phase without residues,and the optimal device exhibited a high responsivity(0.276 A W^(-1)),large specific detectivity(2.38×10^(12) Jones),and enhanced stability.This enhancement is mainly attributed to the inhibition of Sn2+oxidation,the control of crystal growth,and the sufficient reaction between organic ammonium salts and bottom halides due to the AA-induced pore structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22379019,52172184)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024YFHZ0313)S&T Special Program of Huzhou(No.2023GZ03)。
文摘Ultrathin Li-rich Li-Cu binary alloy has become a competitive anode material for Li metal batteries of high energy density.However,due to the poor-lithiophilicity of the single skeleton structure of Li-Cu alloy,it has limitations in inducing Li nucleation and improving electrochemical performance.Hence,we introduced Ag species to Li-Cu alloy to form a 30μm thick Li-rich Li-Cu-Ag ternary alloy(LCA)anode,with Li-Ag infinite solid solution as the active phase,and Cu-based finite solid solutions as three-dimensional(3D)skeleton.Such nano-wire networks with LiCu4 and CuxAgy finite solid solution phases were prepared through a facile melt coating technique,where Ag element can act as lithiophilic specie to enhance the lithiophilicity of built-in skeleton,and regulate the deposition behavior of Li effectively.Notably,the formation of CuxAgy solid solution can strengthen the structural stability of the skeleton,ensuring the geometrical integrity of Li anode,even at the fully delithiated state.Meanwhile,the Li-Ag infinite solid solution phase can promote the Li plating/stripping reversibility of the LCA anode with an improved coulombic efficiency(CE).The synergistic effect between infinite and finite solid solutions could render an enhanced electrochemical performance of Li metal batteries.The LCA|LCA symmetric cells showed a long lifespan of over 600 h with stable polarization voltage of 40 mV,in 1 mA·cm^(-2)/1 mAh·cm^(-2).In addition,the full cells matching our ultrathin LCA anode with 17.2 mg·cm^(-2)mass loading of LiFePO_(4) cathode,can continuously operate beyond 110 cycles at 0.5C,with a high capacity retention of 91.5%.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the article title.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent malignancy worldwide,posing a significant public health concern.Mounting evidence has confirmed that timely early screening facilitates the detection of incipient CRC,thereby enhancing patient prognosis.Obviously,non-participation of asymptomatic individuals in screening programs hampers early diagnosis and may adversely affect long-term outcomes for CRC patients.In this letter,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of early screening practices,while also thoroughly examine the dilemmas and potential solutions associated with early screening for CRC.In response to these issues,we proffer a set of recommendations directed at governmental authorities and the general public,which focus on augmenting financial investment,establishing standardized screening protocols,advancing technological capabilities,and bolstering public awareness campaigns.The importance of collaborative efforts from various stakeholders cannot be overstated in the quest to enhance early detection rates and alleviate the societal burden of CRC.
文摘Many silver(Ag)containing consumer-products(e.g.textiles)release Ag into the environment,posing ecotoxicological risks.Ag recovery mitigates environmental hazards,recycles Ag,and leads to sustainability.In the present work,Ag has been recovered as Ag^0nanoparticles from the spent solution(thiourea(TU)～0.5 mol/L pH～1.1–1.2,and Ag～550 mg/L)obtained from the regeneration of an Ag-loaded resin using a simple undivided electrolytic cell.The reclaimed regenerant solution has been recycled and reused in a closed-loop scheme over multiple cycles.The process parameters,i.e.,current(0.05 A)and stirring speed(600 r/min),have been optimized for Ag recovery of～94%and TU loss of～2%.The reclaimed regenerant solution has been shown to regenerate Ag-loaded resin samples with>90%regeneration efficiency over 4 cycles of consecutive extraction and regeneration.The recovered Ag^0nanoparticles are monodisperse,consistently spherical in shape,and have a mean diameter of～6 nm with standard deviation of the Gaussian fit as～2.66 nm.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:52171100,U20A20234)National Key R&D Program of China(grant number:2021YFB3701100)。
文摘The performance of Mg alloys is significantly influenced by the concentrations and solid solution behavior of the alloying elements.In this work,the solid solution behavior of 20 alloying elements in 190 ternary Mg alloy systems at 500℃are systematically investigated.The solid solution behavior of a set of two different alloying elements in Mg alloy systems are suggested to be classified into three categories:inclusivity,exclusivity and proportionality.Inclusivity classification indicates that the two alloying elements are inclusive inα-Mg,increasing the joint solubility of both elements.Exclusivity classification suggests that the two alloying elements have a low joint solid solubility inα-Mg,since they prefer to form stable second phases.For the proportionality classification,the solubility curve of the ternary Mg alloy systems is a straight line connecting the solubility points of the two sub-binary systems.The proposed classification theory was validated by key experiments and the calculation of formation energies.The interaction effects between alloying elements and the preference of formation of second phases are the main factors determining the solid solution behavior classifications.Based on the observed solid solution features of multi-component Mg alloys,principles for alloy design of different types of high-performance Mg alloys were proposed in this work.
文摘A hydrometallurgical process to extract silver from the silver-lead ore in Boorchi,Mongolia by using thiourea leaching solution is studied in this work.Through the observation of optical and scanning electron microscopes,and energy spectral analysis,it is determined that 5 kinds of silver minerals exist in the ore,including argentite,Ag-tetrahedrite,Ag-Zn-Sb-tetrahedrite,freibergite and acanthite.The experimental results of direct thiourea leaching of the ore show that 56%～60% of silver is leached.The main reason for the low leaching rate is due to silver minerals enveloped in galena and other minerals,even though the ore is ground to the particle size of 75μm.When the ore is pretreated with ammonium carbonate solution under oxidation,the experimental results of thiourea leaching show that the leaching rate of silver increases to near 75% with the pretreatment.Based on the leaching experiments,a principle hydrometallurgical technological route to extract silver from the Ag-Pb ore is proposed.
文摘Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.
