The transport properties of liquid mixtures confined within porous media can change significantly from those observed for bulk mixtures due to changes in the liquid structuring within the pore space.Here,pulsed field ...The transport properties of liquid mixtures confined within porous media can change significantly from those observed for bulk mixtures due to changes in the liquid structuring within the pore space.Here,pulsed field gradient NMR was used to measure the diffusion coefficient of ethanol in ethanol-water liquid mixtures confined within silicas with pore diameters of 6 nm and 3 nm as a function of composition.For liquids imbibed within the 6 nm pores,the composition dependence of the ethanol diffusion coefficient closely followed that of the bulk liquid mixture and the absolute diffusion coefficients were reduced by a tortuosity factor of 3,with a minor contribution due to liquid-surface interactions.For liquids imbibed within the 3 nm pores,the diffusion coefficient of ethanol decreased as the composition of ethanol within the pore space increased,and for single-component ethanol imbibition the effective tortuosity was 63.Fast field cycling NMR experiments showed that the diffusion behaviour was not controlled by an increase in ethanol adsorption strength.A geometric analysis of the pore space was consistent with a highly confined system in which most molecules interacted with the pore walls.Under such confinement,the liquid structuring within the bulk pore space did not reflect that of the bulk liquid mixtures,and the observed decrease in diffusion coefficient as ethanol composition increased was consistent with an increase in confinement due to the larger size of the ethanol molecule.展开更多
Three mesoporous silica excipients （Syloid~ silicas AL-1 FR XDP 3050 and XDP 3150） were formulated with a model drug known for its poor aqueous solubility, namely phenylbutazone, in an attempt to enhance the extent ...Three mesoporous silica excipients （Syloid~ silicas AL-1 FR XDP 3050 and XDP 3150） were formulated with a model drug known for its poor aqueous solubility, namely phenylbutazone, in an attempt to enhance the extent and rate of drug dissolution. Although other forms of mesoporous silica have been investigated in previous studies, the effect of inclusion with these specific Syloid silica based excipients and more interestingly, with phenylbutazone, is unknown. This work reports a significant enhancement for both the extent and rate of drug release for all three forms of Syloid silica at a 1：1 drug：silica ratio over a period of 30 min. An explanation for this increase was determined to be conversion to the amorphous form and an enhanced drug loading ability within the pores. Differences between the release profiles of the three silicas were concluded to be a consequence of the physicochemical differences between the three forms. Overall, this study confirms that Syloid silica based excipients can be used to enhance dissolution, and potentially therefore bioavailability, for compounds with poor aqueous solubility such as phenylbutazone. In addition, it has been confirmed that drug release can be carefully tailored based on the choice of Syloid~ silica and desired release profile.展开更多
Co,K-Supported hexagonal mesoporous silicas（HMS） have been prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with cobalt acetate tetrahydrate and potassium acetate as metal precursors, and ethylene glycol as impregnation s...Co,K-Supported hexagonal mesoporous silicas（HMS） have been prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with cobalt acetate tetrahydrate and potassium acetate as metal precursors, and ethylene glycol as impregnation solvent. The products have been characterized via powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy. The divalent cobalt with a tetrahedral oxygen coordination exists mainly in the calcined samples. The catalytic properties have been tested for the oxidation of 4-t-butyltoluene with dioxygen in liquid phase at mild conditions. The products offered good catalytic activities in the oxidation reactions. Co-K-HMS catalyst with loading 4% Co and 2% K（mass fraction） affords a higher yield（22.4%） of 4-t-butylbenzaldehyde at a conversion of 28.3% under the reaction conditions. Adding a proper amount of potassium in Co-HMS results in an improvement catalytic activity and stability.展开更多
Immobilization of enzymes on mesoporous silicas （MS） allows for good reusability. MS with two-dimensional hexagonal pores in diameter up to 14.13 nm were synthesized using Pluronic P123 as template and 1,3,5-triisop...Immobilization of enzymes on mesoporous silicas （MS） allows for good reusability. MS with two-dimensional hexagonal pores in diameter up to 14.13 nm were synthesized using Pluronic P123 as template and 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene as a swelling agent in acetate buffer. The surface of MS was modified by the silanization reagents 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Lignin peroxidase （LIP） was successfully immobilized on the modified MS through covalent binding method by four agents： glutaraldehyde, 1,4- phenylene diisothiocyanate, cyanotic chloride and water-soluble carbodiimide. Results showed that cyanotic chloride provided the best performance for LiP immobilization. The loaded protein concentration was 12.15 mg/g and the immobilized LiP activity was 812.9 U/L. Immobilized LiP had better pH stability. Acid Orange II was used to examine the reusability of immobilized LiP, showing more than 50% of the dye was decolorized at the fifth cycle.展开更多
Malaria is a parasitic and vector determined blood-conceived infectious disease transmitted through infected mosquitoes. Anti-malarial drug resistance is a major health problem, which hinders the control of malaria. A...Malaria is a parasitic and vector determined blood-conceived infectious disease transmitted through infected mosquitoes. Anti-malarial drug resistance is a major health problem, which hinders the control of malaria. A Results of a survey of drug-resistant malaria demonstrated safe proclivity to nearby all anti-malarial regimes accessible except from artemisinin and its derivatives. Artemether is a BCS class IV drug effective against acute and severe falciparum malaria;hence there is a strong need to improve its solubility. Silica is one of the most widely studied excipients. Silica can be used in solubility enhancement by preparing its solid solution/dispersion with the drug. The objective of this research was to improve dissolution rate of Artemether using non-precipitated porous silica(Aeroperl 300 Pharma) and precipitated silica like EXP. 9555, EXP. 9560, and EXP. 9565. Specific surface area calculated from BET method of porous silicas viz. APL 300(A), Exp. 9555(B), Exp. 9560(C), Exp. 9565(D) was found to be 294.13 m^2/g(A), 256.02 m^2/g(B), 213.62 m^2/g(C) and 207.22 m^2/g(D) respectively.The drug release from the developed formulation was found to be significantly higher as compared to neat ARM. This improved solubility and release kinetics of ARM may be attributed to high surface area, improved wettability and decreased crystallinity. Solid-state characterization of the developed optimized formulation F3 was carried out with respect to FTIR chemical imaging, XRD,SEM, and DSC. All the porous silicas which we have explored in the present context showed a significant capability as a carrier for solubility enhancement of ARM.展开更多
Effect of the concentration ratios of organosiloxane/initiator and treatment temperature on the characteristics of hydrophobic products obtained by modification of surface of fumed silica with poly(methylphenylsiloxan...Effect of the concentration ratios of organosiloxane/initiator and treatment temperature on the characteristics of hydrophobic products obtained by modification of surface of fumed silica with poly(methylphenylsiloxane) (PMPS) in the presence of dimethyl carbonate has been studied. Morphology, particle size, surface area and coating microstructure of modified silicas were analyzed by methods of transmission electron and atomic force microscopies, nitrogen adsorption-desorption data. Carbon contents in the grafted modifying layer of organosilicas were determined using IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of surface of the obtained modified silicas were estimated by measurements of contact angles of wetting. It was shown that modification of pyrogenic silicas with mixtures of poly(methylphenylsiloxane) and dimethyl carbonate allows to obtain the homogeneous hydrophobic products and serve their nanodispersity.展开更多
Silica aerogel has broad applications in the field of high-temperature thermal insulation due to its low density,low thermal conductivity and high stability.However,its thermal insulation performance deteriorates sign...Silica aerogel has broad applications in the field of high-temperature thermal insulation due to its low density,low thermal conductivity and high stability.However,its thermal insulation performance deteriorates significantly at elevated temperatures exceeding 600℃,primarily due to the collapse of pore structure.Meanwhile,the shielding capacity of SiO_(2) aerogel to the infrared radiation at high temperature is rather low due to the intrinsic properties of SiO_(2).Herein,a strategy for improving the high-temperature stability and infrared shielding properties of SiO_(2) aerogel via Ca doping was explored.Calcium-doped silica aerogel(CSA)powders were prepared by Sol-Gel,hydrothermal,and ambient pressure drying(APD)techniques using water glass and anhydrous calcium chloride as precursors and trimethylchlorosilane as a hydrophobic modifier.The effects of Ca/Si molar ratio in the precursor and hydrothermal conditions(temperature and pH)on the crystalline properties,microscopic morphology and pore structure of CSAs were investigated.The results show that the Ca/Si molar ratio and hydrothermal treatment have significant effects on the microstructure and heat resistance of CSAs in the temperature range of 400-1000℃.The samples sintered at 1000℃have a high specific surface area of 100.1 m^(2)/g and a pore volume of 0.8705 cm^(3)/g,indicating that the CSA has good heat resistance.One-side insulation tests at temperatures up to 600℃show that the sample with a Ca/Si molar ratio of 1.0 has the best insulation performance,with a cold surface temperature of 450℃,which is 27℃lower than that of the pure silica aerogel.展开更多
Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms lig...Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms ligand bonds or hydrogen bonds with sulfur ions in lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),thus inhibiting the shuttle effect.Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that lithium‑sulfur(Li‑S)batteries employing the NH2‑SS interlayer exhibited discharge specific capacities of 1048 and 789 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.2C and 2C,respectively,and even at 4C,the initial discharge specific capacity remained at 590 mAh·g^(-1),outperforming the Li‑S battery with unmodified SS as the interlayer.展开更多
In strong aggressive areas,Indonesian standards specify a maximum penetration of 30 mm.Concrete utilizes sulfate-resistant Portland Pozzolan Cement(PPC)for a target strength of 30 MPa,with and without silica fume and ...In strong aggressive areas,Indonesian standards specify a maximum penetration of 30 mm.Concrete utilizes sulfate-resistant Portland Pozzolan Cement(PPC)for a target strength of 30 MPa,with and without silica fume and plastic fiber(SR-SFF-sea and SR-N-SFF).Some samples of SR-N-SFF are immersed in the sea(SR-N-SFF-sea),while others are protected(SR-N-SFF-protected).Additionally,concrete using non-sulfate-resistant cement(NSR-sea)with a strength of 20.75 MPa was also evaluated.All samples were subjected to penetration depth testing according to the DIN EN 12390-8 standard,demonstrating that they met the penetration requirements for intense aggression.The study employed cylindrical samples measuring 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height to assess compressive strength and natural penetration fromthe split tensile test.Samples were placed into the sea at the fishing boat dock in Lampung,Indonesia,at 9 days of age following 7 days of immersion curing.The results indicated that sulfate-resistant Portland Composite Cement(PCC)is unsuitable for protected areas,as its strength is inferior to that of concrete submerged in seawater.Concrete featuring sulfate-resistant PCC,silica fume,and plastic fiber(SR-SFF-sea)exhibited lower strength compared to SR-N-SFF-protected samples.Conversely,SR-N-SFF-sea achieved the highest strength of 46 MPa at 56 days,with a notable increase in strength occurring from 21 to 56 days,while no increase in penetration depth was observed during this period.The standard penetration depth of SR-N-SFF-sea is 17.8mm,which can serve as a guideline for creating durable concrete in marine environments.展开更多
As a distinctive unshaped refractory material used in steelmaking induction furnace linings,significant variations in raw material performance,particularly erosion resistance,have been observed across silica sources f...As a distinctive unshaped refractory material used in steelmaking induction furnace linings,significant variations in raw material performance,particularly erosion resistance,have been observed across silica sources from different regions.To clarify the causes of performance discrepancies and reveal the erosion resistance mechanisms,erosion resistance experiments were conducted on three quartzite raw materials from distinct regions.Furthermore,the enhancement effects of mineralizers on the raw material with the poorest performance were investigated,and the erosion resistance mechanisms of representative raw materials and mineralization effects in silica ramming materials were proposed.The results demonstrated that the presence of dolomite and iron oxide in raw materials is critical for improving the erosion resistance of silica ramming materials.However,the material with 1 wt.%dolomite as a standalone mineralizer exhibited optimal erosion resistance compared to iron oxide composite mineralizers.This improvement is attributed to the formation of uniformly distributed tridymite and an appropriate liquid phase,which mitigates volume expansion effects caused by quartz phase transformation,thereby minimizing aggregate cracking.Additionally,magnesium derived from dolomite plays a specialized role in the operational environment,with the synergistic effects of these two factors collectively enhancing the material’s erosion resistance.展开更多
Improving the green mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance of silica sol-bonded corundum castables is of great significance for promoting their large-scale application.Silica sol-bonded corundum castables we...Improving the green mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance of silica sol-bonded corundum castables is of great significance for promoting their large-scale application.Silica sol-bonded corundum castables were prepared using brown corundum,dense corundum powder,α-Al_(2)O_(3)micropowder and SiO_(2)micropowder as the main raw materials,and silica sol as the binder.The effects of different additions of chopped glass fibers(0,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%and 1%,by mass)on the properties of the castables were studied.The results show that with the increase of the fiber addition,the cold modulus of rupture,cold compressive strength and hot modulus of rupture of the samples first increase and then decrease.After drying at 110℃,the sample containing 0.4%fibers has the cold modulus of rupture of 9.1 MPa and cold compressive strength of 27.4 MPa,increasing by 80.4%and 41.2%,respectively,compared with the one without fiber addition.This is because the fibers bonded with the silica sol-gel interface to form a stressed skeleton,strengthening the bonding between the matrix and the aggregates.When subjected to external stress,the fibers can effectively share the load and prevent crack propagation,thus increasing the strength.In addition,the sample with 0.4%fibers has the highest cold modulus of rupture before and after thermal shock,and its strength retention ratio increases by 16.1%compared to the sample without fibers.Overall,the sample with 0.4%fibers exhibits the best comprehensive performance.展开更多
Silica aerogels(SAs)impart low density and excellent thermal insulation to polymer systems,yet incorporating hydrophobic SAs into aqueous rubber latex systems remains challenging owing to their poor dispersibility and...Silica aerogels(SAs)impart low density and excellent thermal insulation to polymer systems,yet incorporating hydrophobic SAs into aqueous rubber latex systems remains challenging owing to their poor dispersibility and potential to destabilize the latex.Although previous studies have dispersed SAs in aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),the stability of such dispersions and their effectiveness as bridging media for latex integration have not been thoroughly evaluated,which limits their practical application in latex compounding.This study systematically examined how the surface chemistry governs hydrolytic stability,interfacial behavior,and latex compatibility in PVA-assisted aqueous processing.Two hydrophobic SAs were prepared:ethoxy-modified SA(E-SA)and methyl-modified SA(M-SA).Both initially formed a homogeneous PVA slurry,but E-SA rapidly hydrolyzed its surface—OCH_(2)CH_(3)groups,releasing ethanol,becoming hydrophilic,and undergoing irreversible nanopore collapse.In contrast,M-SA maintains its structural integrity and hydrophobicity because its—Si(CH_(3))_(3)groups are highly resistant to hydrolysis.This divergence dictates the behavior during latex blending.The ethanol released from E-SA disrupts electrostatic and steric stabilization,inducing latex coagulation,whereas M-SA/PVA dispersions preserve colloidal stability across diverse latex systems.As a practical demonstration,M-SA-reinforced chlorosulfonated polyethylene(CSM)rubber latex composites show more than a 50%reduction in thermal conductivity while maintaining chemical resistance,enabling high-performance insulating protective gloves and coatings.This work establishes a critical link between aerogel surface chemistry and aqueous processing stability,providing a mechanistic foundation for the rational design of water-based rubber/silica aerogel composites and next-generation thermal insulation materials.展开更多
Nanoscale red phosphorus(NRP)was synthesized via a phosphorus-amine dissolution method and immobilized onto mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs)to obtain hybrid NRP@MSN particles with improved dispersion stability.Epox...Nanoscale red phosphorus(NRP)was synthesized via a phosphorus-amine dissolution method and immobilized onto mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs)to obtain hybrid NRP@MSN particles with improved dispersion stability.Epoxy resin(EP)composites containing 2 wt%fillers were prepared to evaluate their thermal and flame-retardant behaviors.Compared with EP,the NRP@MSNs/EP composite significantly enhanced fire safety,resulting in a 52.8%reduction in the peak heat release rate,a 13.9%decrease in total smoke production,and a 165%increase in char yield.Mechanical testing revealed a notable toughening effect under impact loading.The improved flame retardancy originates from the combined nano-barrier effect of MSNs and the catalytic charring and radical-quenching functions of NRP.This work demonstrates an efficient strategy for stabilizing NRP and highlights its strong potential as an environmentally friendly flame retardant for EP systems.展开更多
Metal organic framework(MOF) assembled with coordination bonds has the disadvantage of poor stability that limits its application in the field of stationary phase,while covalent organic framework(COF)assembled through...Metal organic framework(MOF) assembled with coordination bonds has the disadvantage of poor stability that limits its application in the field of stationary phase,while covalent organic framework(COF)assembled through covalent bonds exhibits excellent structural stability.It has been shown that the stationary phases prepared by combining MOF and COF can make up for the poor stability of MOF@SiO_(2),and the MOF/COF composites have superior chromatographic separation performance.However,the traditional methods for preparing COF/MOF based stationary phases are generally solvent thermal synthesis.In this study,a green and low-cost synthesis method was proposed for the preparation of MOF/COF@SiO_(2) stationary phase.Firstly,COF@SiO_(2) was prepared in a choline chloride/ethylene glycol based deep eutectic solvent(DES).Secondly,another acid-base tunable DES prepared by mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid(PTSA)and 2-methylimidazole in different proportions was introduced as the reaction solvent and reactant for rapid synthesis of MOF/COF@SiO_(2).Compared with the toxic transition metal-based MOFs selected in most previous studies,a lightweight and non-toxic S-zone metal(calcium) based MOF was employed in this study.PTSA and calcium will form the calcium/oxygen-containing organic acid framework in acidic DES,which assembles with terephthalic acid dissolved in basic DES to form MOF.The strong hydrogen bonding effect of DES can facilitate rapid assembly of Ca-MOF.The obtained Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) can be used for multi-mode chromatography to efficiently separate multiple isomeric/hydrophilic/hydrophobic analytes.The synthesis method of Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) is green and mild,especially the use of acid-base tunable DES promotes the rapid synthesis of non-toxic Ca-MOF/COF@silica composites,which offers an innovative approach of greenly synthesizing novel MOF/COF stationary phases and extends their applications in the field of chromatography.展开更多
Treating bone defects complicated by bacterial infections remains a significant clinical challenge.Drawing inspiration from the human body's bone repair mechanisms,the use of biomimetic methods to design tissue en...Treating bone defects complicated by bacterial infections remains a significant clinical challenge.Drawing inspiration from the human body's bone repair mechanisms,the use of biomimetic methods to design tissue engineering scaffolds is of great significance for bone repair.This study synthesized copper(Cu)-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles(Cu@MSN)modified with hydroxyethyl methacrylate to obtain methacrylated Cu@MSN(Cu@MSNMA).Furtheremore,bio-mimetic nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by adding Cu@MSNMA to a GelMA/gelatin solution.This hydrogel achieves multi-modal bone tissue biomimicry:(ⅰ)GelMA/gelatin mimics the matrix components in bone ECM,ensuring biocompatibility while promoting cellular behavior(such as adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation);(ⅱ)GelMA/gela-tin and the crosslinking sites introduced by Cu@MSNMA form a stable porous network structure,achieving structural and mechanical biomimicry to provide necessary support for bone defects;(ⅲ)The elemental biomimicry of Si and Cu in Cu@MSNMA achieves efficient osteogenic induction.The effect of different proportions of Cu@MSNMA on the physi-cal properties of the composite hydrogels was investigated to determine the optimal proportion.The results indicated that the mechanical properties of hydrogel were enhanced with the increasing Cu@MSNMA mass ratio.Notably,5%NPs/GelMA/gelatin hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical property compared to the GelMA/gelatin hydrogel.In vitro and vivo cellular experiments demonstrated a significant enhancement in antibacterial and osteogenic induction with Cu@MSNMA addition.In conclusion,the proposed nanocomposite hydrogel with biomimetic components and ion-regulating properties can serve as a multifunctional scaffold,offering antimicrobial properties for infected bone regeneration,and guide for future research in bone regeneration and three-dimensional printing.展开更多
The efficient storage and application of sustainable solar energy has drawn significant attention from both academic and industrial points of view.However,most developed catalytic materials still suffer from insuffici...The efficient storage and application of sustainable solar energy has drawn significant attention from both academic and industrial points of view.However,most developed catalytic materials still suffer from insufficient mass diffusion and unsatisfactory durability due to the lack of interconnected and regulatable porosity.Developing catalytic architectures with engineered active sites and prominent stability through rational synthesis strategies has become one of the core projects in solar-driven applications.The unique properties of mesoporous silicas render them among the most valuable functional materials for industrial applications,such as high specific surface area,regulatable porosity,adjustable surface properties,tunable particle sizes,and great thermal and mechanical stability.Mesoporous silicas serve as structural templates or catalytic supports to enhance light harvesting via the scattering effect and provide large surface areas for active site generation.These advantages have been widely utilized in solar applications,including hydrogen production,CO_(2)conversion,photovoltaics,biomass utilization,and pollutant degradation.To achieve the specific functionalities and desired activity,various types of mesoporous silicas from different synthesis methods have been customized and synthesized.Moreover,morphology regulation and component modification strategies have also been performed to endow mesoporous silica-based materials with unprecedented efficiency for solar energy storage and utilization.Nevertheless,reviews about synthesis,morphology regulation,and component modification strategies for mesoporous silica-based catalyst design in solar-driven applications are still limited.Herein,the latest progress concerning mesoporous silica-based catalysis in solar-driven applications is comprehensively reviewed.Synthesis principles,formation mechanisms,and rational functionalities of mesoporous silica are systematically summarized.Some typical catalysts with impressive activities in different solar-driven applications are highlighted.Furthermore,challenges and future potential opportunities in this study field are also discussed and proposed.This present review guides the design of mesoporous silica catalysts for efficient solar energy management for solar energy storage and conversion applications.展开更多
Due to excellent thermal insulation performance at room temperature and ultralow density,silica aero-gels are candidates for thermal insulation.However,at high temperatures,the thermal insulation prop-erty of silica a...Due to excellent thermal insulation performance at room temperature and ultralow density,silica aero-gels are candidates for thermal insulation.However,at high temperatures,the thermal insulation prop-erty of silica aerogels decreased greatly caused by transparency to heat radiation.Opacifiers introduced into silica sol can block heat radiation yet destroy the uniformity of aerogels.Herein,we designed and prepared a silica aerogel composite with oriented and layered silica fibers(SFs),SiC nanowires(SiC_(NWs)),and silica aerogels,which were prepared by papermaking,chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),and sol-gel respectively.Firstly,oriented and layered SFs made still air a wall to block heat transfer by the solid phase.Secondly,SiC_(NWs) were grown in situ on the surface of SFs evenly to weave into the network,and the network reduced the gaseous thermal conductivity by dividing cracks in SFs/SiC_(NWs)/SA.Thirdly,SiC_(NWs) weakened the heat transfer by radiation at high temperatures.Therefore,SFs/SiC_(NWs)/SA presented remarkable thermal insulation(0.017 W(m K)^(-1) at 25℃,0.0287 W(m K)^(-1) at 500℃,and 0.094 W(m K)^(-1) at 1000℃).Besides,SFs/SiC_(NWs)/SA exhibited remarkable thermal stability(no size transform after being heat treated at 1000℃ for 1800 s)and tensile strength(0.75 MPa).These integrated properties made SFs/SiC_(NWs)/SA a promising candidate for highly efficient thermal insulators.展开更多
This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are inf...This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are influenced by the compounding process,which incorporates ingredients such as elastomers,vulcanizing agents,accelerators,activators,and fillers like carbon black and silica.While effective in enhancing properties,these fillers lack biodegradability,prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives.The potential of natural fibres as renewable reinforcements in NR composites is thoroughly covered in this review,highlighting both their advan-tages,such as improved sustainability,and the challenges they present,such as compatibility with the rubber matrix.Surface treatment methods,including alkali and silane treatments,are also discussed as solutions to improve fibre-matrix adhesion and mitigate these challenges.Additionally,the review highlights the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch(EFB)fibres as a natural fibre reinforcement.The abundance of EFB fibres and their alignment with sustainable practices make them promising substitutes for conventional fillers,contributing to valuable knowledge and supporting the broader move towards renewable reinforcement to improve sustain-ability without compromising the key properties of rubber composites.展开更多
Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxy...Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which promotes the management of obesity by triggering the browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)targeting the membrane receptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).However,HAS easily undergoes configuration transformation and oxidative degradation.The short peptide CKGGRAKDC or adipose-targeting sequence(ATS)binds specifically to prohibitin on the surface of WAT cells and can be used as recognition assembly to enhance adipocyte targetability.Furthermore,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are widely used in drug delivery systems because of their large specific surface area and pore volume.Therefore,HAS-loaded adipose-targeted MSNs(MSNs-ATS)were developed to enhance the adipocyte targetability,safety,and efficacy of HAS,and tested on mature 3T3-L1 cells and obese mouse models.MSNs-ATS showed higher specificity for adipocyte targetability without obvious toxicity.HAS-loaded MSNs-ATS showed anti-obesity effects superior to those of HAS alone.In conclusion,we successfully developed adipocyte-targeted,HAS-loaded MSNs with good safety and anti-obesity effects.展开更多
Hierarchical porous carbon(HPC)materials exhibit superior performance profiles in various applications due to their well-developed multiscale interconnected pore structures.The synthesis of HPC from natural biomass pr...Hierarchical porous carbon(HPC)materials exhibit superior performance profiles in various applications due to their well-developed multiscale interconnected pore structures.The synthesis of HPC from natural biomass precursors instead of fossil fuel-based precursors has gained considerable attention in recent decades.Rice husk,a globally abundant agricultural waste,offers a sustainable and cost-effective precursor for HPC production.The structural components and inherent silica content of rice husk act as a natural self-template for forming hierarchical pore structures with superior characteristics.In this review,recent studies on preparing rice husk-based HPC are summarized,and synthesis techniques are evaluated.In addition,recent advancements in activation methods and the effect of silica templates are reviewed while comparing these with traditional activated carbon production methods.Potential future directions for research and development activities are also discussed.Rice husk is a highly promising candidate for producing high-performance HPC materials.展开更多
文摘The transport properties of liquid mixtures confined within porous media can change significantly from those observed for bulk mixtures due to changes in the liquid structuring within the pore space.Here,pulsed field gradient NMR was used to measure the diffusion coefficient of ethanol in ethanol-water liquid mixtures confined within silicas with pore diameters of 6 nm and 3 nm as a function of composition.For liquids imbibed within the 6 nm pores,the composition dependence of the ethanol diffusion coefficient closely followed that of the bulk liquid mixture and the absolute diffusion coefficients were reduced by a tortuosity factor of 3,with a minor contribution due to liquid-surface interactions.For liquids imbibed within the 3 nm pores,the diffusion coefficient of ethanol decreased as the composition of ethanol within the pore space increased,and for single-component ethanol imbibition the effective tortuosity was 63.Fast field cycling NMR experiments showed that the diffusion behaviour was not controlled by an increase in ethanol adsorption strength.A geometric analysis of the pore space was consistent with a highly confined system in which most molecules interacted with the pore walls.Under such confinement,the liquid structuring within the bulk pore space did not reflect that of the bulk liquid mixtures,and the observed decrease in diffusion coefficient as ethanol composition increased was consistent with an increase in confinement due to the larger size of the ethanol molecule.
文摘Three mesoporous silica excipients （Syloid~ silicas AL-1 FR XDP 3050 and XDP 3150） were formulated with a model drug known for its poor aqueous solubility, namely phenylbutazone, in an attempt to enhance the extent and rate of drug dissolution. Although other forms of mesoporous silica have been investigated in previous studies, the effect of inclusion with these specific Syloid silica based excipients and more interestingly, with phenylbutazone, is unknown. This work reports a significant enhancement for both the extent and rate of drug release for all three forms of Syloid silica at a 1：1 drug：silica ratio over a period of 30 min. An explanation for this increase was determined to be conversion to the amorphous form and an enhanced drug loading ability within the pores. Differences between the release profiles of the three silicas were concluded to be a consequence of the physicochemical differences between the three forms. Overall, this study confirms that Syloid silica based excipients can be used to enhance dissolution, and potentially therefore bioavailability, for compounds with poor aqueous solubility such as phenylbutazone. In addition, it has been confirmed that drug release can be carefully tailored based on the choice of Syloid~ silica and desired release profile.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20773110)the Science Technology Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2008C21019)
文摘Co,K-Supported hexagonal mesoporous silicas（HMS） have been prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with cobalt acetate tetrahydrate and potassium acetate as metal precursors, and ethylene glycol as impregnation solvent. The products have been characterized via powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy. The divalent cobalt with a tetrahedral oxygen coordination exists mainly in the calcined samples. The catalytic properties have been tested for the oxidation of 4-t-butyltoluene with dioxygen in liquid phase at mild conditions. The products offered good catalytic activities in the oxidation reactions. Co-K-HMS catalyst with loading 4% Co and 2% K（mass fraction） affords a higher yield（22.4%） of 4-t-butylbenzaldehyde at a conversion of 28.3% under the reaction conditions. Adding a proper amount of potassium in Co-HMS results in an improvement catalytic activity and stability.
基金supported by the Key Projects in National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period (No. 2008BADC4B13)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20677033)
文摘Immobilization of enzymes on mesoporous silicas （MS） allows for good reusability. MS with two-dimensional hexagonal pores in diameter up to 14.13 nm were synthesized using Pluronic P123 as template and 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene as a swelling agent in acetate buffer. The surface of MS was modified by the silanization reagents 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Lignin peroxidase （LIP） was successfully immobilized on the modified MS through covalent binding method by four agents： glutaraldehyde, 1,4- phenylene diisothiocyanate, cyanotic chloride and water-soluble carbodiimide. Results showed that cyanotic chloride provided the best performance for LiP immobilization. The loaded protein concentration was 12.15 mg/g and the immobilized LiP activity was 812.9 U/L. Immobilized LiP had better pH stability. Acid Orange II was used to examine the reusability of immobilized LiP, showing more than 50% of the dye was decolorized at the fifth cycle.
文摘Malaria is a parasitic and vector determined blood-conceived infectious disease transmitted through infected mosquitoes. Anti-malarial drug resistance is a major health problem, which hinders the control of malaria. A Results of a survey of drug-resistant malaria demonstrated safe proclivity to nearby all anti-malarial regimes accessible except from artemisinin and its derivatives. Artemether is a BCS class IV drug effective against acute and severe falciparum malaria;hence there is a strong need to improve its solubility. Silica is one of the most widely studied excipients. Silica can be used in solubility enhancement by preparing its solid solution/dispersion with the drug. The objective of this research was to improve dissolution rate of Artemether using non-precipitated porous silica(Aeroperl 300 Pharma) and precipitated silica like EXP. 9555, EXP. 9560, and EXP. 9565. Specific surface area calculated from BET method of porous silicas viz. APL 300(A), Exp. 9555(B), Exp. 9560(C), Exp. 9565(D) was found to be 294.13 m^2/g(A), 256.02 m^2/g(B), 213.62 m^2/g(C) and 207.22 m^2/g(D) respectively.The drug release from the developed formulation was found to be significantly higher as compared to neat ARM. This improved solubility and release kinetics of ARM may be attributed to high surface area, improved wettability and decreased crystallinity. Solid-state characterization of the developed optimized formulation F3 was carried out with respect to FTIR chemical imaging, XRD,SEM, and DSC. All the porous silicas which we have explored in the present context showed a significant capability as a carrier for solubility enhancement of ARM.
文摘Effect of the concentration ratios of organosiloxane/initiator and treatment temperature on the characteristics of hydrophobic products obtained by modification of surface of fumed silica with poly(methylphenylsiloxane) (PMPS) in the presence of dimethyl carbonate has been studied. Morphology, particle size, surface area and coating microstructure of modified silicas were analyzed by methods of transmission electron and atomic force microscopies, nitrogen adsorption-desorption data. Carbon contents in the grafted modifying layer of organosilicas were determined using IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of surface of the obtained modified silicas were estimated by measurements of contact angles of wetting. It was shown that modification of pyrogenic silicas with mixtures of poly(methylphenylsiloxane) and dimethyl carbonate allows to obtain the homogeneous hydrophobic products and serve their nanodispersity.
文摘Silica aerogel has broad applications in the field of high-temperature thermal insulation due to its low density,low thermal conductivity and high stability.However,its thermal insulation performance deteriorates significantly at elevated temperatures exceeding 600℃,primarily due to the collapse of pore structure.Meanwhile,the shielding capacity of SiO_(2) aerogel to the infrared radiation at high temperature is rather low due to the intrinsic properties of SiO_(2).Herein,a strategy for improving the high-temperature stability and infrared shielding properties of SiO_(2) aerogel via Ca doping was explored.Calcium-doped silica aerogel(CSA)powders were prepared by Sol-Gel,hydrothermal,and ambient pressure drying(APD)techniques using water glass and anhydrous calcium chloride as precursors and trimethylchlorosilane as a hydrophobic modifier.The effects of Ca/Si molar ratio in the precursor and hydrothermal conditions(temperature and pH)on the crystalline properties,microscopic morphology and pore structure of CSAs were investigated.The results show that the Ca/Si molar ratio and hydrothermal treatment have significant effects on the microstructure and heat resistance of CSAs in the temperature range of 400-1000℃.The samples sintered at 1000℃have a high specific surface area of 100.1 m^(2)/g and a pore volume of 0.8705 cm^(3)/g,indicating that the CSA has good heat resistance.One-side insulation tests at temperatures up to 600℃show that the sample with a Ca/Si molar ratio of 1.0 has the best insulation performance,with a cold surface temperature of 450℃,which is 27℃lower than that of the pure silica aerogel.
文摘Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms ligand bonds or hydrogen bonds with sulfur ions in lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),thus inhibiting the shuttle effect.Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that lithium‑sulfur(Li‑S)batteries employing the NH2‑SS interlayer exhibited discharge specific capacities of 1048 and 789 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.2C and 2C,respectively,and even at 4C,the initial discharge specific capacity remained at 590 mAh·g^(-1),outperforming the Li‑S battery with unmodified SS as the interlayer.
文摘In strong aggressive areas,Indonesian standards specify a maximum penetration of 30 mm.Concrete utilizes sulfate-resistant Portland Pozzolan Cement(PPC)for a target strength of 30 MPa,with and without silica fume and plastic fiber(SR-SFF-sea and SR-N-SFF).Some samples of SR-N-SFF are immersed in the sea(SR-N-SFF-sea),while others are protected(SR-N-SFF-protected).Additionally,concrete using non-sulfate-resistant cement(NSR-sea)with a strength of 20.75 MPa was also evaluated.All samples were subjected to penetration depth testing according to the DIN EN 12390-8 standard,demonstrating that they met the penetration requirements for intense aggression.The study employed cylindrical samples measuring 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height to assess compressive strength and natural penetration fromthe split tensile test.Samples were placed into the sea at the fishing boat dock in Lampung,Indonesia,at 9 days of age following 7 days of immersion curing.The results indicated that sulfate-resistant Portland Composite Cement(PCC)is unsuitable for protected areas,as its strength is inferior to that of concrete submerged in seawater.Concrete featuring sulfate-resistant PCC,silica fume,and plastic fiber(SR-SFF-sea)exhibited lower strength compared to SR-N-SFF-protected samples.Conversely,SR-N-SFF-sea achieved the highest strength of 46 MPa at 56 days,with a notable increase in strength occurring from 21 to 56 days,while no increase in penetration depth was observed during this period.The standard penetration depth of SR-N-SFF-sea is 17.8mm,which can serve as a guideline for creating durable concrete in marine environments.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20101).
文摘As a distinctive unshaped refractory material used in steelmaking induction furnace linings,significant variations in raw material performance,particularly erosion resistance,have been observed across silica sources from different regions.To clarify the causes of performance discrepancies and reveal the erosion resistance mechanisms,erosion resistance experiments were conducted on three quartzite raw materials from distinct regions.Furthermore,the enhancement effects of mineralizers on the raw material with the poorest performance were investigated,and the erosion resistance mechanisms of representative raw materials and mineralization effects in silica ramming materials were proposed.The results demonstrated that the presence of dolomite and iron oxide in raw materials is critical for improving the erosion resistance of silica ramming materials.However,the material with 1 wt.%dolomite as a standalone mineralizer exhibited optimal erosion resistance compared to iron oxide composite mineralizers.This improvement is attributed to the formation of uniformly distributed tridymite and an appropriate liquid phase,which mitigates volume expansion effects caused by quartz phase transformation,thereby minimizing aggregate cracking.Additionally,magnesium derived from dolomite plays a specialized role in the operational environment,with the synergistic effects of these two factors collectively enhancing the material’s erosion resistance.
文摘Improving the green mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance of silica sol-bonded corundum castables is of great significance for promoting their large-scale application.Silica sol-bonded corundum castables were prepared using brown corundum,dense corundum powder,α-Al_(2)O_(3)micropowder and SiO_(2)micropowder as the main raw materials,and silica sol as the binder.The effects of different additions of chopped glass fibers(0,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%and 1%,by mass)on the properties of the castables were studied.The results show that with the increase of the fiber addition,the cold modulus of rupture,cold compressive strength and hot modulus of rupture of the samples first increase and then decrease.After drying at 110℃,the sample containing 0.4%fibers has the cold modulus of rupture of 9.1 MPa and cold compressive strength of 27.4 MPa,increasing by 80.4%and 41.2%,respectively,compared with the one without fiber addition.This is because the fibers bonded with the silica sol-gel interface to form a stressed skeleton,strengthening the bonding between the matrix and the aggregates.When subjected to external stress,the fibers can effectively share the load and prevent crack propagation,thus increasing the strength.In addition,the sample with 0.4%fibers has the highest cold modulus of rupture before and after thermal shock,and its strength retention ratio increases by 16.1%compared to the sample without fibers.Overall,the sample with 0.4%fibers exhibits the best comprehensive performance.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFC2603500,2022YFC2603502)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(No.2024A04J4280).All authors acknowledge the financial support.
文摘Silica aerogels(SAs)impart low density and excellent thermal insulation to polymer systems,yet incorporating hydrophobic SAs into aqueous rubber latex systems remains challenging owing to their poor dispersibility and potential to destabilize the latex.Although previous studies have dispersed SAs in aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),the stability of such dispersions and their effectiveness as bridging media for latex integration have not been thoroughly evaluated,which limits their practical application in latex compounding.This study systematically examined how the surface chemistry governs hydrolytic stability,interfacial behavior,and latex compatibility in PVA-assisted aqueous processing.Two hydrophobic SAs were prepared:ethoxy-modified SA(E-SA)and methyl-modified SA(M-SA).Both initially formed a homogeneous PVA slurry,but E-SA rapidly hydrolyzed its surface—OCH_(2)CH_(3)groups,releasing ethanol,becoming hydrophilic,and undergoing irreversible nanopore collapse.In contrast,M-SA maintains its structural integrity and hydrophobicity because its—Si(CH_(3))_(3)groups are highly resistant to hydrolysis.This divergence dictates the behavior during latex blending.The ethanol released from E-SA disrupts electrostatic and steric stabilization,inducing latex coagulation,whereas M-SA/PVA dispersions preserve colloidal stability across diverse latex systems.As a practical demonstration,M-SA-reinforced chlorosulfonated polyethylene(CSM)rubber latex composites show more than a 50%reduction in thermal conductivity while maintaining chemical resistance,enabling high-performance insulating protective gloves and coatings.This work establishes a critical link between aerogel surface chemistry and aqueous processing stability,providing a mechanistic foundation for the rational design of water-based rubber/silica aerogel composites and next-generation thermal insulation materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22175167 and 22375195)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Anhui Province(No.2308085J05)This work was also partially carried out at the Instruments Center for Physical Science,University of Science and Technology of China,and partially performed using the services from Scientific Compass(www.shiyanjia.com).
文摘Nanoscale red phosphorus(NRP)was synthesized via a phosphorus-amine dissolution method and immobilized onto mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs)to obtain hybrid NRP@MSN particles with improved dispersion stability.Epoxy resin(EP)composites containing 2 wt%fillers were prepared to evaluate their thermal and flame-retardant behaviors.Compared with EP,the NRP@MSNs/EP composite significantly enhanced fire safety,resulting in a 52.8%reduction in the peak heat release rate,a 13.9%decrease in total smoke production,and a 165%increase in char yield.Mechanical testing revealed a notable toughening effect under impact loading.The improved flame retardancy originates from the combined nano-barrier effect of MSNs and the catalytic charring and radical-quenching functions of NRP.This work demonstrates an efficient strategy for stabilizing NRP and highlights its strong potential as an environmentally friendly flame retardant for EP systems.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21906124,32302202)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No.2017CFB220)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.ZR2023MH278)。
文摘Metal organic framework(MOF) assembled with coordination bonds has the disadvantage of poor stability that limits its application in the field of stationary phase,while covalent organic framework(COF)assembled through covalent bonds exhibits excellent structural stability.It has been shown that the stationary phases prepared by combining MOF and COF can make up for the poor stability of MOF@SiO_(2),and the MOF/COF composites have superior chromatographic separation performance.However,the traditional methods for preparing COF/MOF based stationary phases are generally solvent thermal synthesis.In this study,a green and low-cost synthesis method was proposed for the preparation of MOF/COF@SiO_(2) stationary phase.Firstly,COF@SiO_(2) was prepared in a choline chloride/ethylene glycol based deep eutectic solvent(DES).Secondly,another acid-base tunable DES prepared by mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid(PTSA)and 2-methylimidazole in different proportions was introduced as the reaction solvent and reactant for rapid synthesis of MOF/COF@SiO_(2).Compared with the toxic transition metal-based MOFs selected in most previous studies,a lightweight and non-toxic S-zone metal(calcium) based MOF was employed in this study.PTSA and calcium will form the calcium/oxygen-containing organic acid framework in acidic DES,which assembles with terephthalic acid dissolved in basic DES to form MOF.The strong hydrogen bonding effect of DES can facilitate rapid assembly of Ca-MOF.The obtained Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) can be used for multi-mode chromatography to efficiently separate multiple isomeric/hydrophilic/hydrophobic analytes.The synthesis method of Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) is green and mild,especially the use of acid-base tunable DES promotes the rapid synthesis of non-toxic Ca-MOF/COF@silica composites,which offers an innovative approach of greenly synthesizing novel MOF/COF stationary phases and extends their applications in the field of chromatography.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(grant number 2022YFA1207500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82072412).
文摘Treating bone defects complicated by bacterial infections remains a significant clinical challenge.Drawing inspiration from the human body's bone repair mechanisms,the use of biomimetic methods to design tissue engineering scaffolds is of great significance for bone repair.This study synthesized copper(Cu)-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles(Cu@MSN)modified with hydroxyethyl methacrylate to obtain methacrylated Cu@MSN(Cu@MSNMA).Furtheremore,bio-mimetic nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by adding Cu@MSNMA to a GelMA/gelatin solution.This hydrogel achieves multi-modal bone tissue biomimicry:(ⅰ)GelMA/gelatin mimics the matrix components in bone ECM,ensuring biocompatibility while promoting cellular behavior(such as adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation);(ⅱ)GelMA/gela-tin and the crosslinking sites introduced by Cu@MSNMA form a stable porous network structure,achieving structural and mechanical biomimicry to provide necessary support for bone defects;(ⅲ)The elemental biomimicry of Si and Cu in Cu@MSNMA achieves efficient osteogenic induction.The effect of different proportions of Cu@MSNMA on the physi-cal properties of the composite hydrogels was investigated to determine the optimal proportion.The results indicated that the mechanical properties of hydrogel were enhanced with the increasing Cu@MSNMA mass ratio.Notably,5%NPs/GelMA/gelatin hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical property compared to the GelMA/gelatin hydrogel.In vitro and vivo cellular experiments demonstrated a significant enhancement in antibacterial and osteogenic induction with Cu@MSNMA addition.In conclusion,the proposed nanocomposite hydrogel with biomimetic components and ion-regulating properties can serve as a multifunctional scaffold,offering antimicrobial properties for infected bone regeneration,and guide for future research in bone regeneration and three-dimensional printing.
基金financially supported by the Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin,Eastern Institute of Technology,Ningbo.We also acknowledge supportfrom the Young Innovative Talent of Yongjiang Talent Project(2023A‐387‐G).
文摘The efficient storage and application of sustainable solar energy has drawn significant attention from both academic and industrial points of view.However,most developed catalytic materials still suffer from insufficient mass diffusion and unsatisfactory durability due to the lack of interconnected and regulatable porosity.Developing catalytic architectures with engineered active sites and prominent stability through rational synthesis strategies has become one of the core projects in solar-driven applications.The unique properties of mesoporous silicas render them among the most valuable functional materials for industrial applications,such as high specific surface area,regulatable porosity,adjustable surface properties,tunable particle sizes,and great thermal and mechanical stability.Mesoporous silicas serve as structural templates or catalytic supports to enhance light harvesting via the scattering effect and provide large surface areas for active site generation.These advantages have been widely utilized in solar applications,including hydrogen production,CO_(2)conversion,photovoltaics,biomass utilization,and pollutant degradation.To achieve the specific functionalities and desired activity,various types of mesoporous silicas from different synthesis methods have been customized and synthesized.Moreover,morphology regulation and component modification strategies have also been performed to endow mesoporous silica-based materials with unprecedented efficiency for solar energy storage and utilization.Nevertheless,reviews about synthesis,morphology regulation,and component modification strategies for mesoporous silica-based catalyst design in solar-driven applications are still limited.Herein,the latest progress concerning mesoporous silica-based catalysis in solar-driven applications is comprehensively reviewed.Synthesis principles,formation mechanisms,and rational functionalities of mesoporous silica are systematically summarized.Some typical catalysts with impressive activities in different solar-driven applications are highlighted.Furthermore,challenges and future potential opportunities in this study field are also discussed and proposed.This present review guides the design of mesoporous silica catalysts for efficient solar energy management for solar energy storage and conversion applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.U2167214).
文摘Due to excellent thermal insulation performance at room temperature and ultralow density,silica aero-gels are candidates for thermal insulation.However,at high temperatures,the thermal insulation prop-erty of silica aerogels decreased greatly caused by transparency to heat radiation.Opacifiers introduced into silica sol can block heat radiation yet destroy the uniformity of aerogels.Herein,we designed and prepared a silica aerogel composite with oriented and layered silica fibers(SFs),SiC nanowires(SiC_(NWs)),and silica aerogels,which were prepared by papermaking,chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),and sol-gel respectively.Firstly,oriented and layered SFs made still air a wall to block heat transfer by the solid phase.Secondly,SiC_(NWs) were grown in situ on the surface of SFs evenly to weave into the network,and the network reduced the gaseous thermal conductivity by dividing cracks in SFs/SiC_(NWs)/SA.Thirdly,SiC_(NWs) weakened the heat transfer by radiation at high temperatures.Therefore,SFs/SiC_(NWs)/SA presented remarkable thermal insulation(0.017 W(m K)^(-1) at 25℃,0.0287 W(m K)^(-1) at 500℃,and 0.094 W(m K)^(-1) at 1000℃).Besides,SFs/SiC_(NWs)/SA exhibited remarkable thermal stability(no size transform after being heat treated at 1000℃ for 1800 s)and tensile strength(0.75 MPa).These integrated properties made SFs/SiC_(NWs)/SA a promising candidate for highly efficient thermal insulators.
基金funded under the Collaborative Research Initiative Grant Scheme(C-RIGS),grant number C-RIGS24-016-0022 from IIUM.
文摘This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are influenced by the compounding process,which incorporates ingredients such as elastomers,vulcanizing agents,accelerators,activators,and fillers like carbon black and silica.While effective in enhancing properties,these fillers lack biodegradability,prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives.The potential of natural fibres as renewable reinforcements in NR composites is thoroughly covered in this review,highlighting both their advan-tages,such as improved sustainability,and the challenges they present,such as compatibility with the rubber matrix.Surface treatment methods,including alkali and silane treatments,are also discussed as solutions to improve fibre-matrix adhesion and mitigate these challenges.Additionally,the review highlights the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch(EFB)fibres as a natural fibre reinforcement.The abundance of EFB fibres and their alignment with sustainable practices make them promising substitutes for conventional fillers,contributing to valuable knowledge and supporting the broader move towards renewable reinforcement to improve sustain-ability without compromising the key properties of rubber composites.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0720)Research Center for the Development of the Comprehensive Health Industry and Rural Revitalization of Sichuan TCM(No.DJKYB202306)State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Province of China(No.2020HJZX001).
文摘Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which promotes the management of obesity by triggering the browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)targeting the membrane receptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).However,HAS easily undergoes configuration transformation and oxidative degradation.The short peptide CKGGRAKDC or adipose-targeting sequence(ATS)binds specifically to prohibitin on the surface of WAT cells and can be used as recognition assembly to enhance adipocyte targetability.Furthermore,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are widely used in drug delivery systems because of their large specific surface area and pore volume.Therefore,HAS-loaded adipose-targeted MSNs(MSNs-ATS)were developed to enhance the adipocyte targetability,safety,and efficacy of HAS,and tested on mature 3T3-L1 cells and obese mouse models.MSNs-ATS showed higher specificity for adipocyte targetability without obvious toxicity.HAS-loaded MSNs-ATS showed anti-obesity effects superior to those of HAS alone.In conclusion,we successfully developed adipocyte-targeted,HAS-loaded MSNs with good safety and anti-obesity effects.
文摘Hierarchical porous carbon(HPC)materials exhibit superior performance profiles in various applications due to their well-developed multiscale interconnected pore structures.The synthesis of HPC from natural biomass precursors instead of fossil fuel-based precursors has gained considerable attention in recent decades.Rice husk,a globally abundant agricultural waste,offers a sustainable and cost-effective precursor for HPC production.The structural components and inherent silica content of rice husk act as a natural self-template for forming hierarchical pore structures with superior characteristics.In this review,recent studies on preparing rice husk-based HPC are summarized,and synthesis techniques are evaluated.In addition,recent advancements in activation methods and the effect of silica templates are reviewed while comparing these with traditional activated carbon production methods.Potential future directions for research and development activities are also discussed.Rice husk is a highly promising candidate for producing high-performance HPC materials.
