Local adaptation is critical for plant survivals and reproductions in the context of global environmental change.Heterogeneous environments impose various selection pressures that influence the fitness of organisms an...Local adaptation is critical for plant survivals and reproductions in the context of global environmental change.Heterogeneous environments impose various selection pressures that influence the fitness of organisms and leave genomic signatures during the process of adaptation to local environments.However,unveiling the genomic signatures of adaptation still poses a major challenge especially for perennials due to limited genomic resources.Here,we utilized Actinidia eriantha,a Chinese endemic liana,as a model case to detect drivers of local adaptation and adaptive signals through landscape genomics for 311 individuals collected from 25 populations.Our results demonstrated precipitation and solar radiation were two crucial factors influencing the patterns of genetic variations and driving adaptive processes.We further uncovered a set of genes involved in adaptation to heterogeneous environments.Among them,AeERF110 showed high genetic differentiation between populations and was confirmed to be involved in local adaptation via changes in allele frequency along with precipitation(Prec_03)and solar radiation(Srad_03)in native habitats separately,implying that adaptive loci frequently exhibited environmental and geographic signals.In addition,we assessed genetic offsets of populations under four future climate models and revealed that populations from middle and east clusters faced higher risks in adapting to future environments,which should address more attentions.Taken together,our study opens new perspectives for understanding the genetic underpinnings of local adaptation in plants to environmental changes in a more comprehensive fashion and offered the guides on applications in conservation efforts.展开更多
Local cattle breeds play a critical role in breeding programs due to their genetic adaptations to diverse environmental conditions.However,the genomic architecture of local cattle breeds in Kazakhstan remains largely ...Local cattle breeds play a critical role in breeding programs due to their genetic adaptations to diverse environmental conditions.However,the genomic architecture of local cattle breeds in Kazakhstan remains largely unexplored.This study utilized whole-genome sequencing data from Kazakh cattle to elucidate their genetic composition,uncovering three primary ancestral components:European,Eurasian,and East Asian taurine.The East Asian taurine lineage likely represents the earliest genetic contribution to Kazakh cattle but was largely replaced by subsequent waves of cattle migrations across Eurasia,leaving only a minor genetic signature in the current cattle population.In contrast,Eurasian taurine ancestry predominated in the Alatau and Kazakh local breeds,while the European taurine component was most prevalent in Kazakh white-headed cattle,consistent with their documented breeding history.Kazakh cattle exhibited higher genetic diversity and lower inbreeding coefficients compared to European commercial breeds,reflecting reduced exposure to intense artificial selection.A strong selection signal was identified on chromosome 6 at a locus encompassing PDGFRA,KIT,and KDR,which may be associated with the white-headed pigmentation characteristic of Kazakh white-headed cattle.Additional genes under selection were linked to lipid metabolism(IRS1,PRKG1,and ADCY8),meat production traits(KCNMA1,PDGFRA,HIF1A,and ANTXR1),and dairy production(ATP2B1,DHX15,FUK,NEGR1,CCDC91,COG4,and PTK2B).This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of nuclear genome data from local Kazakh cattle.It highlights the impact of historical cattle migrations across Eurasia on their genetic landscape and identifies key genomic regions under selection.These findings advance our understanding of the evolutionary history of cattle and offer valuable genetic resources for future breeding strategies.展开更多
The hydrothermal signatures of mid-ocean ridge sediments are crucial geochemical data providing insights into investigating hydrothermal anomalies and locating seafloor massive sulfide deposits.This paper outlines the...The hydrothermal signatures of mid-ocean ridge sediments are crucial geochemical data providing insights into investigating hydrothermal anomalies and locating seafloor massive sulfide deposits.This paper outlines the geochemical features of 24 surface sediments and one sediment core(26 V-GC 01,294 cm)along the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge(SMAR)from 18°S to 22°S,an area where hydrothermal active fields have yet to be discovered.The surface sediments mainly consist of biogenic carbonates,aluminosilicates,and hydrothermal Fe-Mn(oxy)oxides.The core sediments primarily comprise organic matter,detrital materials,hydrothermal components,and substances scavenged from seawater.The rare Earth element(REE)patterns suggest the presence of hydrothermal contributions within the surface and core sediments.The enrichment factors for Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn in surface sediments suggest these metals are concentrated at the 19°S,21°S,and 21.5°S segments,further indicating their potential as hydrothermal active fields.Downcore variations of Fe,Mn,P,Cu,Pb,V,and Co suggest at least six episodes of hydrothermal activity.The impact of hydrothermal processes on the sediments from SMAR 18°S to 22°S indicates that the study area has the potential to host a significant number of hydrothermal active fields.展开更多
Verifiably encrypted signatures are employed when a signer wants to sign a message for a verifier but does not want the verifier to possess his signature on the message until some certain requirements of his are satis...Verifiably encrypted signatures are employed when a signer wants to sign a message for a verifier but does not want the verifier to possess his signature on the message until some certain requirements of his are satisfied. This paper presented new verifiably encrypted signatures from bilinear pairings. The proposed signatures share the properties of simplicity and efficiency with existing verifiably encrypted signature schemes. To support the proposed scheme, it also exhibited security proofs that do not use random oracle assumption. For existential unforgeability, there exist tight security reductions from the proposed verifiably encrypted signature scheme to a strong but reasonable computational assumption.展开更多
The framework of digital signature based on qualified certificates and X. 509 architecture is known to have many security risks. Moreover, the fraud prevention mechanism is fragile and does not provide strong guarante...The framework of digital signature based on qualified certificates and X. 509 architecture is known to have many security risks. Moreover, the fraud prevention mechanism is fragile and does not provide strong guarantees that can be necessary for flow of legal documents. Mediated signatures have been proposed as a mechanism to effectively disable signature cards. In this paper we propose further mechanisms that can be applied on top of mediated RSA, compatible with the standard format, but providing security guarantees even in the case when RSA becomes broken or the keys are compromised. The solution is immune tokleptographic attacks as only deterministic algorithms are used on user＇s side.展开更多
Based on analyzing the limit of Ziolkowski＇s bubble oscillation formulation,a new model with various physical factors is established to simulate air gun signatures fo marine seismic exploration.The practical effects ...Based on analyzing the limit of Ziolkowski＇s bubble oscillation formulation,a new model with various physical factors is established to simulate air gun signatures fo marine seismic exploration.The practical effects of physical factors,such as heat transfe across the bubble wall,air gun port throttling,vertical rise of the bubble,fluid viscosity,and the existence of the air gun body were all taken into account in the new model.Compared with Ziolkowski＇s model,the signatures simulated by the new model,with small peak amplitude and rapid decay of bubble oscillation,are more consistent with actual signatures The experiment analysis indicates：（1）gun port throttling controls the peak amplitude of ai gun pulse;（2）since the hydrostatic pressure decreases when the bubble rises,the bubble oscillation period changes;（3）heat transfer and fluid viscosity are the main factors tha explain the bubble oscillation damping.展开更多
Humans can sense, weigh and grasp different objects, deduce their physical properties at the same time, and exert appropriate forces – a challenging task for modern robots. Studying the mechanics of human grasping ob...Humans can sense, weigh and grasp different objects, deduce their physical properties at the same time, and exert appropriate forces – a challenging task for modern robots. Studying the mechanics of human grasping objects will play a supplementary role in visual-based robot object processing. These tools require large-scale tactile data sets with high spatial resolution. However, there is no large human-grasped tactile data set covering the whole hand, because dense coverage of the human hand with tactile sensors is challenging. Hence, the capability of observing and learning from successful daily humanobject interactions is the long-term goal of aiding the development of robots and prosthetics.展开更多
Cloud storage is one of the main application of the cloud computing.With the data services in the cloud,users is able to outsource their data to the cloud,access and share their outsourced data from the cloud server a...Cloud storage is one of the main application of the cloud computing.With the data services in the cloud,users is able to outsource their data to the cloud,access and share their outsourced data from the cloud server anywhere and anytime.However,this new paradigm of data outsourcing services also introduces new security challenges,among which is how to ensure the integrity of the outsourced data.Although the cloud storage providers commit a reliable and secure environment to users,the integrity of data can still be damaged owing to the carelessness of humans and failures of hardwares/softwares or the attacks from external adversaries.Therefore,it is of great importance for users to audit the integrity of their data outsourced to the cloud.In this paper,we first design an auditing framework for cloud storage and proposed an algebraic signature based remote data possession checking protocol,which allows a third-party to auditing the integrity of the outsourced data on behalf of the users and supports unlimited number of verifications.Then we extends our auditing protocol to support data dynamic operations,including data update,data insertion and data deletion.The analysis and experiment results demonstrate that our proposed schemes are secure and efficient.展开更多
Largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) is an economically important fish species in North America, Europe, and China. Various genetic improvement programs and domestication processes have modified its genome sequence ...Largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) is an economically important fish species in North America, Europe, and China. Various genetic improvement programs and domestication processes have modified its genome sequence through selective pressure, leaving nucleotide signals that can be detected at the genomic level. In this study,we sequenced 149 largemouth bass fish, including protospecies(imported from the US) and improved breeds(four domestic breeding populations from China). We detected genomic regions harboring certain genes associated with improved traits, which may be useful molecular markers for practical domestication, breeding, and selection. Subsequent analyses of genetic diversity and population structure revealed that the improved breeds have undergone more rigorous genetic changes. Through selective signal analysis, we identified hundreds of putative selective sweep regions in each largemouth bass line. Interestingly, we predicted 103 putative candidate genes potentially subjected to selection,including several associated with growth(psst1 and grb10), early development(klf9, sp4, and sp8), and immune traits(pkn2, sept2, bcl6, and ripk2). These candidate genes represent potential genomic landmarks that could be used to improve important traits of biological and commercial interest. In summary, this study provides a genome-wide map of genetic variations and selection footprints in largemouth bass, which may benefit genetic studies and accelerate genetic improvement of this economically important fish.展开更多
The aim of this study was to detect evidence for signatures of recent selection in the Jinhua pig genome.These results can be useful to better understand the regions under selection in Jinhua pigs and might shed some ...The aim of this study was to detect evidence for signatures of recent selection in the Jinhua pig genome.These results can be useful to better understand the regions under selection in Jinhua pigs and might shed some lights on groups of genes that control production traits.In the present study,we performed extended haplotype homozygosity(EHH)tests to identify significant core regions in 202 Jinhua pigs.A total of 26161 core regions spanning 636.42 Mb were identified,which occupied approximately 28%of the genome across all autosomes,and 1158 significant(P<0.01)core haplotypes were selected.Genes in these regions were related to several economically important traits,including meat quality,reproduction,immune responses and exterior traits.A panel of genes including ssc-mir-365-2,KDM8,RABEP2,GSG1L,RHEB,RPH3AL and a signal pathway of PI3K-Akt were detected with the most extreme P-values.The findings in our study could draw a comparatively genome-wide map of selection signature in the pig genome,and also help to detect functional candidate genes under positive selection for further genetic and breeding research in Jinhua and other pigs.展开更多
The intricate “orchestered molecular conversation” between the host and gut microbiome is one of the most dynamic research areas in recent years. The rhythmic chemical cross talk in the form of bioactive metabolites...The intricate “orchestered molecular conversation” between the host and gut microbiome is one of the most dynamic research areas in recent years. The rhythmic chemical cross talk in the form of bioactive metabolites and signalling molecules synthesized by gut microbiome plays a significant role for the modulation of human health in diversified ways. They are recognized as low molecular weight (LMW) molecules having versatile chemical attributes. They possess magnificent capability of interacting with surrounding environment and controlling the genes for various genetic, biochemical and physiological functions for maintaining the homeostasis that is now-a-days termed as “small molecules microbes originated (SMOM) homeostasis” in the host. These metabolic signatures have close structural and functional resemblance with small molecules synthesized by host eukaryotic cells and dietary components. Therefore, they may be considered as universalized metabolites contributing to the remarkable phenomenon of epigenetic regulation, cell to cell communication and stability of genome manifesting the overall growth and development of the host and known as “metabiotics”. The wide panorama of utilization of probiotics is continuously expanding and conferring the major health benefits through metabiotic components are gaining tremendous momentum therefore recognized as “hidden soldiers” of the body. Therefore firstly, we outline the need and types of metabiotic molecules and depicting their role in human health. Then, we summarize their preventive and therapeutic avenues in various diseases and finally, we propose the current technological interventions, bottlenecks and future perspectives in this field that are implied for accelerating their comprehensive understanding and utilization at industrial scale.展开更多
ISDTM,based on an augmented Allen's interval temporal logic(ITL)and first-order predicate calculus,is a formal temporal model for representing intrusion signatures.It is augmented with some real time extensions wh...ISDTM,based on an augmented Allen's interval temporal logic(ITL)and first-order predicate calculus,is a formal temporal model for representing intrusion signatures.It is augmented with some real time extensions which enhance the expressivity.Intrusion scenarios usually are the set of events and system states,where-the temporal sequence is their basic relation.Intrusion signatures description,therefore,is to represent such temporal relations in a sense.While representing these signatures,ISDTM decomposes the intrusion process into the sequence of events according to their relevant intervals,and then specifies network states in these Intervals.The uncertain intrusion signatures as well as basic temporal modes of events,which consist of the parallel mode,the sequential mode and the hybrid mode,can be succinctly and naturally represented in ISDTM.Mode chart is the visualization of intrusion signatures in ISDTM,which makes the formulas more readable.The intrusion signatures descriptions in ISDTM have advantages of compact construct,concise syntax,scalability and easy implementation.展开更多
This paper presents two systems for recognizing static signs (digits) from American Sign Language (ASL). These systems avoid the use color marks, or gloves, using instead, low-pass and high-pass filters in space and f...This paper presents two systems for recognizing static signs (digits) from American Sign Language (ASL). These systems avoid the use color marks, or gloves, using instead, low-pass and high-pass filters in space and frequency domains, and color space transformations. First system used rotational signatures based on a correlation operator;minimum distance was used for the classification task. Second system computed the seven Hu invariants from binary images;these descriptors fed to a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) in order to recognize the 9 different classes. First system achieves 100% of recognition rate with leaving-one-out validation and second experiment performs 96.7% of recognition rate with Hu moments and 100% using 36 normalized moments and k-fold cross validation.展开更多
Information on rare earth elements(REEs)in soils and plants of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is very limited.Therefore,in this study,we performed field sampling to explore the geochemical signatures and human health risk ...Information on rare earth elements(REEs)in soils and plants of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is very limited.Therefore,in this study,we performed field sampling to explore the geochemical signatures and human health risk of REEs in soils and plants of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.A total of 127 soil samples and 127 plant samples were collected from the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to acquire the geochemical signatures and related human health risks of REEs.The mean total concentrations of REEs in soils and plants of the study area reached 178.55 and 10.06 mg/kg,respectively.The light REEs in soils and plants accounted for 76%and 77%of the total REEs,respectively.REEs showed significantly homogenous distribution in soils but inhomogeneous distribution in plants of the study area.Characteristic parameters indicated that light REEs were enriched and fractionated significantly,while heavy REEs were moderately fractionated in soils and plants.REEs in soils and plants showed significantly negative Europium anomaly.Cerium showed slightly positive anomaly in plants and slight anomaly in soils.The normalized distribution patterns of REEs were generally similar in the analyzed soils and the corresponding plants of the study area.The average bio-concentration factor of REEs ranged from 0.0478(Scandium)to 0.0604(Europium),confirming a small accumulation of REEs by plants.Health risks caused by REEs in soils and plants were negligible,while risks for adults were lower than those for children.This study provides important information on REEs in soils and plants of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.展开更多
Background The importance of sheep breeding in the Mediterranean part of the eastern Adriatic has a long tradition since its arrival during the Neolithic migrations.Sheep production system is extensive and generally c...Background The importance of sheep breeding in the Mediterranean part of the eastern Adriatic has a long tradition since its arrival during the Neolithic migrations.Sheep production system is extensive and generally carried out in traditional systems without intensive systematic breeding programmes for high uniform trait production(carcass,wool and milk yield).Therefore,eight indigenous Croatian sheep breeds from eastern Adriatic treated here as metapopulation(EAS),are generally considered as multipurpose breeds(milk,meat and wool),not specialised for a particular type of production,but known for their robustness and resistance to certain environmental conditions.Our objective was to identify genomic regions and genes that exhibit patterns of positive selection signatures,decipher their biological and productive functionality,and provide a"genomic"characterization of EAS adaptation and determine its production type.Results We identified positive selection signatures in EAS using several methods based on reduced local variation,linkage disequilibrium and site frequency spectrum(eROHi,iHS,nSL and CLR).Our analyses identified numerous genomic regions and genes(e.g.,desmosomal cadherin and desmoglein gene families)associated with environmental adaptation and economically important traits.Most candidate genes were related to meat/production and health/immune response traits,while some of the candidate genes discovered were important for domestication and evolutionary processes(e.g.,HOXa gene family and FSIP2).These results were also confirmed by GO and QTL enrichment analysis.Conclusions Our results contribute to a better understanding of the unique adaptive genetic architecture of EAS and define its productive type,ultimately providing a new opportunity for future breeding programmes.At the same time,the numerous genes identified will improve our understanding of ruminant(sheep)robustness and resistance in the harsh and specific Mediterranean environment.展开更多
Many evidences have showed that some intelligence agencies(often called big brother)attempt to monitor citizens’communication by providing coerced citizens a lot of subverted cryptographic algorithms and coercing the...Many evidences have showed that some intelligence agencies(often called big brother)attempt to monitor citizens’communication by providing coerced citizens a lot of subverted cryptographic algorithms and coercing them to adopt these algorithms.Since legalized services on large number of various applications and system architectures depend on digital signature techniques,in the context some coerced users who use double authentication preventing signatures to design some novel digital signature techniques,have some convincing dissertations to defuse requests from authorities and big brothers creating some corresponding subverted signatures.As rapid progress in quantum computers,National Security Agency advisory memorandum and announcement of National Institute of Standards and Technology procedures from standardization focus on some cryptographic algorithms which are post quantum secure.Motivated by these issues,we design an algorithm substitution attack against Fiat-Shamir family based on lattices(e.g.,BLISS,BG,Ring-TESLA,PASSSign and GLP)that are proven post-quantum computational secure.We also show an efficient deterable way to eliminate big brother’s threat by leaking signing keys from signatures on two messages to be public.Security proof shows that our schemes satisfy key extraction,undetectability and deterability.Through parameters analysis and performance evaluation,we demonstrate that our deterring subverted Fiat-Shamir signature is practical,which means that it can be applied to privacy and protection in some system architectures.展开更多
Noise removal routines (destriping) were performed on Landsat ETM+ data as adjustments for atmospheric and distortion factors, prior to further image enhancement and interpretation. The image enhancement techniques w...Noise removal routines (destriping) were performed on Landsat ETM+ data as adjustments for atmospheric and distortion factors, prior to further image enhancement and interpretation. The image enhancement techniques were contrast stretching, density slicing, spatial filtering, Fourier analysis, brightness inversion, band combinations, and band ratioing. It has been revealed that, owing to the presence of gossans at Paishanlou, the mixture of iron oxide and clay minerals affects the spectral reflectance in satellite data. The mineral and hydrothermal composite images with band ratios 5/7+5/4+3/1 RGB and 5/7+3/1+4/3 RGB, respectively, yielded the best results for their sensitivity to lithologic variables, and lack of statistical redundancy. Ratio 3/1 clearly highlighted ferric (Fe 3+ ) iron; 5/4 depicted ferrous (Fe 2+ ) iron, and 5/7 depicted clays, carbonates, and hydroxyl bearing minerals. Vegetation was also successfully discriminated by ratio 5/7. Finally, coupled with field surveys, petrographical and geochemical data, the observed anomalies led to the discovery of three new sites, which are gold mineralized. The prime objective of this study was to map supergene and/or hypogene signatures in the gold mineralized areas using Landsat ETM+ data at Paishanlou.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)belongs to the class of significantly malignant tumors found in humans.Recently,dysregulated fatty acid metabolism(FAM)has been a topic of attention due to its modulation in cancer,specifically C...Colorectal cancer(CRC)belongs to the class of significantly malignant tumors found in humans.Recently,dysregulated fatty acid metabolism(FAM)has been a topic of attention due to its modulation in cancer,specifically CRC.However,the regulatory FAM pathways in CRC require comprehensive elucidation.Methods:The clinical and gene expression data of 175 fatty acid metabolic genes(FAMGs)linked with colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)and normal cornerstone genes were gathered through The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-COAD corroborating with the Molecular Signature Database v7.2(MSigDB).Initially,crucial prognostic genes were selected by uni-and multi-variate Cox proportional regression analyses;then,depending upon these identified signature genes and clinical variables,a nomogram was generated.Lastly,to assess tumor immune characteristics,concomitant evaluation of tumor immune evasion/risk scoring were elucidated.Results:A 8-gene signature,including ACBD4,ACOX1,CD36,CPT2,ELOVL3,ELOVL6,ENO3,and SUCLG2,was generated,and depending upon this,CRC patients were categorized within high-risk(H-R)and low-risk(L-R)cohorts.Furthermore,risk and age-based nomograms indicated moderate discrimination and good calibration.The data confirmed that the 8-gene model efficiently predicted CRC patients’prognosis.Moreover,according to the conjoint analysis of tumor immune evasion and the risk scorings,the H-R cohort had an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,which caused a substandard prognosis.Conclusion:This investigation established a FAMGs-based prognostic model with substantially high predictive value,providing the possibility for improved individualized treatment for CRC individuals.展开更多
The Precambrian shields and associated suture zones of the globe preserve important records of continental growth and destruction, the formation and closure of ocean basins, and the early evolution of the Earth in ter...The Precambrian shields and associated suture zones of the globe preserve important records of continental growth and destruction, the formation and closure of ocean basins, and the early evolution of the Earth in terms of tectonics, resources, and environment. They also offer critical clues on the nature and style of plate tectonics, mantle dynamics and crust-mantle interaction. In this thematic section of Geoscience Frontiers, a set of four contri- butions are assembled that provide a window to the mechanisms and processes in Precambrian shields and associated suture zones from a geological and geophysical perspective.展开更多
Various geologic signatures of fault creep along most of the active faults in the continental area of China can be recognized, although no surface deformation caused by creep slip event has been observed. These ...Various geologic signatures of fault creep along most of the active faults in the continental area of China can be recognized, although no surface deformation caused by creep slip event has been observed. These signatures include ordered regional taphrogeny, linear deformation zones distributed along the fault, and seismic slip rate much lower than the geologic slip rate, etc. The recognition and identification of this important fault behavior are of great theoretical and practical significance.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants number 32070377 and 31770374)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2024AFA035).
文摘Local adaptation is critical for plant survivals and reproductions in the context of global environmental change.Heterogeneous environments impose various selection pressures that influence the fitness of organisms and leave genomic signatures during the process of adaptation to local environments.However,unveiling the genomic signatures of adaptation still poses a major challenge especially for perennials due to limited genomic resources.Here,we utilized Actinidia eriantha,a Chinese endemic liana,as a model case to detect drivers of local adaptation and adaptive signals through landscape genomics for 311 individuals collected from 25 populations.Our results demonstrated precipitation and solar radiation were two crucial factors influencing the patterns of genetic variations and driving adaptive processes.We further uncovered a set of genes involved in adaptation to heterogeneous environments.Among them,AeERF110 showed high genetic differentiation between populations and was confirmed to be involved in local adaptation via changes in allele frequency along with precipitation(Prec_03)and solar radiation(Srad_03)in native habitats separately,implying that adaptive loci frequently exhibited environmental and geographic signals.In addition,we assessed genetic offsets of populations under four future climate models and revealed that populations from middle and east clusters faced higher risks in adapting to future environments,which should address more attentions.Taken together,our study opens new perspectives for understanding the genetic underpinnings of local adaptation in plants to environmental changes in a more comprehensive fashion and offered the guides on applications in conservation efforts.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1000100)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722615)。
文摘Local cattle breeds play a critical role in breeding programs due to their genetic adaptations to diverse environmental conditions.However,the genomic architecture of local cattle breeds in Kazakhstan remains largely unexplored.This study utilized whole-genome sequencing data from Kazakh cattle to elucidate their genetic composition,uncovering three primary ancestral components:European,Eurasian,and East Asian taurine.The East Asian taurine lineage likely represents the earliest genetic contribution to Kazakh cattle but was largely replaced by subsequent waves of cattle migrations across Eurasia,leaving only a minor genetic signature in the current cattle population.In contrast,Eurasian taurine ancestry predominated in the Alatau and Kazakh local breeds,while the European taurine component was most prevalent in Kazakh white-headed cattle,consistent with their documented breeding history.Kazakh cattle exhibited higher genetic diversity and lower inbreeding coefficients compared to European commercial breeds,reflecting reduced exposure to intense artificial selection.A strong selection signal was identified on chromosome 6 at a locus encompassing PDGFRA,KIT,and KDR,which may be associated with the white-headed pigmentation characteristic of Kazakh white-headed cattle.Additional genes under selection were linked to lipid metabolism(IRS1,PRKG1,and ADCY8),meat production traits(KCNMA1,PDGFRA,HIF1A,and ANTXR1),and dairy production(ATP2B1,DHX15,FUK,NEGR1,CCDC91,COG4,and PTK2B).This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of nuclear genome data from local Kazakh cattle.It highlights the impact of historical cattle migrations across Eurasia on their genetic landscape and identifies key genomic regions under selection.These findings advance our understanding of the evolutionary history of cattle and offer valuable genetic resources for future breeding strategies.
基金Supported by the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(No.DY135-S2-2)the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China(No.2021Q01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42106080,42006180,42276080)。
文摘The hydrothermal signatures of mid-ocean ridge sediments are crucial geochemical data providing insights into investigating hydrothermal anomalies and locating seafloor massive sulfide deposits.This paper outlines the geochemical features of 24 surface sediments and one sediment core(26 V-GC 01,294 cm)along the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge(SMAR)from 18°S to 22°S,an area where hydrothermal active fields have yet to be discovered.The surface sediments mainly consist of biogenic carbonates,aluminosilicates,and hydrothermal Fe-Mn(oxy)oxides.The core sediments primarily comprise organic matter,detrital materials,hydrothermal components,and substances scavenged from seawater.The rare Earth element(REE)patterns suggest the presence of hydrothermal contributions within the surface and core sediments.The enrichment factors for Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn in surface sediments suggest these metals are concentrated at the 19°S,21°S,and 21.5°S segments,further indicating their potential as hydrothermal active fields.Downcore variations of Fe,Mn,P,Cu,Pb,V,and Co suggest at least six episodes of hydrothermal activity.The impact of hydrothermal processes on the sediments from SMAR 18°S to 22°S indicates that the study area has the potential to host a significant number of hydrothermal active fields.
文摘Verifiably encrypted signatures are employed when a signer wants to sign a message for a verifier but does not want the verifier to possess his signature on the message until some certain requirements of his are satisfied. This paper presented new verifiably encrypted signatures from bilinear pairings. The proposed signatures share the properties of simplicity and efficiency with existing verifiably encrypted signature schemes. To support the proposed scheme, it also exhibited security proofs that do not use random oracle assumption. For existential unforgeability, there exist tight security reductions from the proposed verifiably encrypted signature scheme to a strong but reasonable computational assumption.
文摘The framework of digital signature based on qualified certificates and X. 509 architecture is known to have many security risks. Moreover, the fraud prevention mechanism is fragile and does not provide strong guarantees that can be necessary for flow of legal documents. Mediated signatures have been proposed as a mechanism to effectively disable signature cards. In this paper we propose further mechanisms that can be applied on top of mediated RSA, compatible with the standard format, but providing security guarantees even in the case when RSA becomes broken or the keys are compromised. The solution is immune tokleptographic attacks as only deterministic algorithms are used on user＇s side.
基金supported by the National 973 Program(Grant No.2007CB209608)National 863 Program(Grant No.2007AA06Z218)
文摘Based on analyzing the limit of Ziolkowski＇s bubble oscillation formulation,a new model with various physical factors is established to simulate air gun signatures fo marine seismic exploration.The practical effects of physical factors,such as heat transfe across the bubble wall,air gun port throttling,vertical rise of the bubble,fluid viscosity,and the existence of the air gun body were all taken into account in the new model.Compared with Ziolkowski＇s model,the signatures simulated by the new model,with small peak amplitude and rapid decay of bubble oscillation,are more consistent with actual signatures The experiment analysis indicates：（1）gun port throttling controls the peak amplitude of ai gun pulse;（2）since the hydrostatic pressure decreases when the bubble rises,the bubble oscillation period changes;（3）heat transfer and fluid viscosity are the main factors tha explain the bubble oscillation damping.
文摘Humans can sense, weigh and grasp different objects, deduce their physical properties at the same time, and exert appropriate forces – a challenging task for modern robots. Studying the mechanics of human grasping objects will play a supplementary role in visual-based robot object processing. These tools require large-scale tactile data sets with high spatial resolution. However, there is no large human-grasped tactile data set covering the whole hand, because dense coverage of the human hand with tactile sensors is challenging. Hence, the capability of observing and learning from successful daily humanobject interactions is the long-term goal of aiding the development of robots and prosthetics.
基金The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their detailed reviews and constructive comments, which have helped improve the quality of this paper. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No： 61379144）, Foundation of Science and Technology on Information Assurance Laboratory （No： KJ-13-002） and the Graduate Innovation Fund of the National University of Defense Technology.
文摘Cloud storage is one of the main application of the cloud computing.With the data services in the cloud,users is able to outsource their data to the cloud,access and share their outsourced data from the cloud server anywhere and anytime.However,this new paradigm of data outsourcing services also introduces new security challenges,among which is how to ensure the integrity of the outsourced data.Although the cloud storage providers commit a reliable and secure environment to users,the integrity of data can still be damaged owing to the carelessness of humans and failures of hardwares/softwares or the attacks from external adversaries.Therefore,it is of great importance for users to audit the integrity of their data outsourced to the cloud.In this paper,we first design an auditing framework for cloud storage and proposed an algebraic signature based remote data possession checking protocol,which allows a third-party to auditing the integrity of the outsourced data on behalf of the users and supports unlimited number of verifications.Then we extends our auditing protocol to support data dynamic operations,including data update,data insertion and data deletion.The analysis and experiment results demonstrate that our proposed schemes are secure and efficient.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2021B0202020001)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-46)+2 种基金Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of CAFS(2020TD23,2020ZJTD-02)Project of Construction of Guangdong Aquatic Seed Industry Demonstration Base 2021Special Funds for Science Technology Innovation and Industrial Development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District(KJYF202101-02)。
文摘Largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) is an economically important fish species in North America, Europe, and China. Various genetic improvement programs and domestication processes have modified its genome sequence through selective pressure, leaving nucleotide signals that can be detected at the genomic level. In this study,we sequenced 149 largemouth bass fish, including protospecies(imported from the US) and improved breeds(four domestic breeding populations from China). We detected genomic regions harboring certain genes associated with improved traits, which may be useful molecular markers for practical domestication, breeding, and selection. Subsequent analyses of genetic diversity and population structure revealed that the improved breeds have undergone more rigorous genetic changes. Through selective signal analysis, we identified hundreds of putative selective sweep regions in each largemouth bass line. Interestingly, we predicted 103 putative candidate genes potentially subjected to selection,including several associated with growth(psst1 and grb10), early development(klf9, sp4, and sp8), and immune traits(pkn2, sept2, bcl6, and ripk2). These candidate genes represent potential genomic landmarks that could be used to improve important traits of biological and commercial interest. In summary, this study provides a genome-wide map of genetic variations and selection footprints in largemouth bass, which may benefit genetic studies and accelerate genetic improvement of this economically important fish.
基金supported by the Key Technology R&D Program of China(2016C02054-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872976)。
文摘The aim of this study was to detect evidence for signatures of recent selection in the Jinhua pig genome.These results can be useful to better understand the regions under selection in Jinhua pigs and might shed some lights on groups of genes that control production traits.In the present study,we performed extended haplotype homozygosity(EHH)tests to identify significant core regions in 202 Jinhua pigs.A total of 26161 core regions spanning 636.42 Mb were identified,which occupied approximately 28%of the genome across all autosomes,and 1158 significant(P<0.01)core haplotypes were selected.Genes in these regions were related to several economically important traits,including meat quality,reproduction,immune responses and exterior traits.A panel of genes including ssc-mir-365-2,KDM8,RABEP2,GSG1L,RHEB,RPH3AL and a signal pathway of PI3K-Akt were detected with the most extreme P-values.The findings in our study could draw a comparatively genome-wide map of selection signature in the pig genome,and also help to detect functional candidate genes under positive selection for further genetic and breeding research in Jinhua and other pigs.
文摘The intricate “orchestered molecular conversation” between the host and gut microbiome is one of the most dynamic research areas in recent years. The rhythmic chemical cross talk in the form of bioactive metabolites and signalling molecules synthesized by gut microbiome plays a significant role for the modulation of human health in diversified ways. They are recognized as low molecular weight (LMW) molecules having versatile chemical attributes. They possess magnificent capability of interacting with surrounding environment and controlling the genes for various genetic, biochemical and physiological functions for maintaining the homeostasis that is now-a-days termed as “small molecules microbes originated (SMOM) homeostasis” in the host. These metabolic signatures have close structural and functional resemblance with small molecules synthesized by host eukaryotic cells and dietary components. Therefore, they may be considered as universalized metabolites contributing to the remarkable phenomenon of epigenetic regulation, cell to cell communication and stability of genome manifesting the overall growth and development of the host and known as “metabiotics”. The wide panorama of utilization of probiotics is continuously expanding and conferring the major health benefits through metabiotic components are gaining tremendous momentum therefore recognized as “hidden soldiers” of the body. Therefore firstly, we outline the need and types of metabiotic molecules and depicting their role in human health. Then, we summarize their preventive and therapeutic avenues in various diseases and finally, we propose the current technological interventions, bottlenecks and future perspectives in this field that are implied for accelerating their comprehensive understanding and utilization at industrial scale.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60073074)
文摘ISDTM,based on an augmented Allen's interval temporal logic(ITL)and first-order predicate calculus,is a formal temporal model for representing intrusion signatures.It is augmented with some real time extensions which enhance the expressivity.Intrusion scenarios usually are the set of events and system states,where-the temporal sequence is their basic relation.Intrusion signatures description,therefore,is to represent such temporal relations in a sense.While representing these signatures,ISDTM decomposes the intrusion process into the sequence of events according to their relevant intervals,and then specifies network states in these Intervals.The uncertain intrusion signatures as well as basic temporal modes of events,which consist of the parallel mode,the sequential mode and the hybrid mode,can be succinctly and naturally represented in ISDTM.Mode chart is the visualization of intrusion signatures in ISDTM,which makes the formulas more readable.The intrusion signatures descriptions in ISDTM have advantages of compact construct,concise syntax,scalability and easy implementation.
文摘This paper presents two systems for recognizing static signs (digits) from American Sign Language (ASL). These systems avoid the use color marks, or gloves, using instead, low-pass and high-pass filters in space and frequency domains, and color space transformations. First system used rotational signatures based on a correlation operator;minimum distance was used for the classification task. Second system computed the seven Hu invariants from binary images;these descriptors fed to a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) in order to recognize the 9 different classes. First system achieves 100% of recognition rate with leaving-one-out validation and second experiment performs 96.7% of recognition rate with Hu moments and 100% using 36 normalized moments and k-fold cross validation.
基金the One Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y610061033)the Kunlun Talent Action Plan of Qinghai Province,China(E140WX42)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Plan Protect of Qinghai Province,China(2021-ZJ-T07)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province,China(tsqn201812116)the Two-Hundred Talents Plan of Yantai City of Shandong Province,China。
文摘Information on rare earth elements(REEs)in soils and plants of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is very limited.Therefore,in this study,we performed field sampling to explore the geochemical signatures and human health risk of REEs in soils and plants of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.A total of 127 soil samples and 127 plant samples were collected from the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to acquire the geochemical signatures and related human health risks of REEs.The mean total concentrations of REEs in soils and plants of the study area reached 178.55 and 10.06 mg/kg,respectively.The light REEs in soils and plants accounted for 76%and 77%of the total REEs,respectively.REEs showed significantly homogenous distribution in soils but inhomogeneous distribution in plants of the study area.Characteristic parameters indicated that light REEs were enriched and fractionated significantly,while heavy REEs were moderately fractionated in soils and plants.REEs in soils and plants showed significantly negative Europium anomaly.Cerium showed slightly positive anomaly in plants and slight anomaly in soils.The normalized distribution patterns of REEs were generally similar in the analyzed soils and the corresponding plants of the study area.The average bio-concentration factor of REEs ranged from 0.0478(Scandium)to 0.0604(Europium),confirming a small accumulation of REEs by plants.Health risks caused by REEs in soils and plants were negligible,while risks for adults were lower than those for children.This study provides important information on REEs in soils and plants of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
基金supported by Croatian Science Foundation project IP-2018–01-8708-Application of NGS methods in the assessment of genomic variability in ruminants–“ANAGRAMS”the EU Operational Program Competitiveness and Cohesion 2014–2020 project KK.01.1.1.04.0058—Potential of microencapsulation in cheese productionthe project No.QK1919156 of the Ministry of Agriculture,Czech Republic.
文摘Background The importance of sheep breeding in the Mediterranean part of the eastern Adriatic has a long tradition since its arrival during the Neolithic migrations.Sheep production system is extensive and generally carried out in traditional systems without intensive systematic breeding programmes for high uniform trait production(carcass,wool and milk yield).Therefore,eight indigenous Croatian sheep breeds from eastern Adriatic treated here as metapopulation(EAS),are generally considered as multipurpose breeds(milk,meat and wool),not specialised for a particular type of production,but known for their robustness and resistance to certain environmental conditions.Our objective was to identify genomic regions and genes that exhibit patterns of positive selection signatures,decipher their biological and productive functionality,and provide a"genomic"characterization of EAS adaptation and determine its production type.Results We identified positive selection signatures in EAS using several methods based on reduced local variation,linkage disequilibrium and site frequency spectrum(eROHi,iHS,nSL and CLR).Our analyses identified numerous genomic regions and genes(e.g.,desmosomal cadherin and desmoglein gene families)associated with environmental adaptation and economically important traits.Most candidate genes were related to meat/production and health/immune response traits,while some of the candidate genes discovered were important for domestication and evolutionary processes(e.g.,HOXa gene family and FSIP2).These results were also confirmed by GO and QTL enrichment analysis.Conclusions Our results contribute to a better understanding of the unique adaptive genetic architecture of EAS and define its productive type,ultimately providing a new opportunity for future breeding programmes.At the same time,the numerous genes identified will improve our understanding of ruminant(sheep)robustness and resistance in the harsh and specific Mediterranean environment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61802239,61872229,62062019,62074131)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2020ZDLGY09-06,2021ZDLGY06-04,2021ZDLGY05-01)+1 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province(2019JQ-667,2020JQ-422)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(20210317191843003)
文摘Many evidences have showed that some intelligence agencies(often called big brother)attempt to monitor citizens’communication by providing coerced citizens a lot of subverted cryptographic algorithms and coercing them to adopt these algorithms.Since legalized services on large number of various applications and system architectures depend on digital signature techniques,in the context some coerced users who use double authentication preventing signatures to design some novel digital signature techniques,have some convincing dissertations to defuse requests from authorities and big brothers creating some corresponding subverted signatures.As rapid progress in quantum computers,National Security Agency advisory memorandum and announcement of National Institute of Standards and Technology procedures from standardization focus on some cryptographic algorithms which are post quantum secure.Motivated by these issues,we design an algorithm substitution attack against Fiat-Shamir family based on lattices(e.g.,BLISS,BG,Ring-TESLA,PASSSign and GLP)that are proven post-quantum computational secure.We also show an efficient deterable way to eliminate big brother’s threat by leaking signing keys from signatures on two messages to be public.Security proof shows that our schemes satisfy key extraction,undetectability and deterability.Through parameters analysis and performance evaluation,we demonstrate that our deterring subverted Fiat-Shamir signature is practical,which means that it can be applied to privacy and protection in some system architectures.
文摘Noise removal routines (destriping) were performed on Landsat ETM+ data as adjustments for atmospheric and distortion factors, prior to further image enhancement and interpretation. The image enhancement techniques were contrast stretching, density slicing, spatial filtering, Fourier analysis, brightness inversion, band combinations, and band ratioing. It has been revealed that, owing to the presence of gossans at Paishanlou, the mixture of iron oxide and clay minerals affects the spectral reflectance in satellite data. The mineral and hydrothermal composite images with band ratios 5/7+5/4+3/1 RGB and 5/7+3/1+4/3 RGB, respectively, yielded the best results for their sensitivity to lithologic variables, and lack of statistical redundancy. Ratio 3/1 clearly highlighted ferric (Fe 3+ ) iron; 5/4 depicted ferrous (Fe 2+ ) iron, and 5/7 depicted clays, carbonates, and hydroxyl bearing minerals. Vegetation was also successfully discriminated by ratio 5/7. Finally, coupled with field surveys, petrographical and geochemical data, the observed anomalies led to the discovery of three new sites, which are gold mineralized. The prime objective of this study was to map supergene and/or hypogene signatures in the gold mineralized areas using Landsat ETM+ data at Paishanlou.
基金supported by the Doctoral Fund of Jining No.1 People’s Hospital(2021-BS-002).
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)belongs to the class of significantly malignant tumors found in humans.Recently,dysregulated fatty acid metabolism(FAM)has been a topic of attention due to its modulation in cancer,specifically CRC.However,the regulatory FAM pathways in CRC require comprehensive elucidation.Methods:The clinical and gene expression data of 175 fatty acid metabolic genes(FAMGs)linked with colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)and normal cornerstone genes were gathered through The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-COAD corroborating with the Molecular Signature Database v7.2(MSigDB).Initially,crucial prognostic genes were selected by uni-and multi-variate Cox proportional regression analyses;then,depending upon these identified signature genes and clinical variables,a nomogram was generated.Lastly,to assess tumor immune characteristics,concomitant evaluation of tumor immune evasion/risk scoring were elucidated.Results:A 8-gene signature,including ACBD4,ACOX1,CD36,CPT2,ELOVL3,ELOVL6,ENO3,and SUCLG2,was generated,and depending upon this,CRC patients were categorized within high-risk(H-R)and low-risk(L-R)cohorts.Furthermore,risk and age-based nomograms indicated moderate discrimination and good calibration.The data confirmed that the 8-gene model efficiently predicted CRC patients’prognosis.Moreover,according to the conjoint analysis of tumor immune evasion and the risk scorings,the H-R cohort had an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,which caused a substandard prognosis.Conclusion:This investigation established a FAMGs-based prognostic model with substantially high predictive value,providing the possibility for improved individualized treatment for CRC individuals.
文摘The Precambrian shields and associated suture zones of the globe preserve important records of continental growth and destruction, the formation and closure of ocean basins, and the early evolution of the Earth in terms of tectonics, resources, and environment. They also offer critical clues on the nature and style of plate tectonics, mantle dynamics and crust-mantle interaction. In this thematic section of Geoscience Frontiers, a set of four contri- butions are assembled that provide a window to the mechanisms and processes in Precambrian shields and associated suture zones from a geological and geophysical perspective.
文摘Various geologic signatures of fault creep along most of the active faults in the continental area of China can be recognized, although no surface deformation caused by creep slip event has been observed. These signatures include ordered regional taphrogeny, linear deformation zones distributed along the fault, and seismic slip rate much lower than the geologic slip rate, etc. The recognition and identification of this important fault behavior are of great theoretical and practical significance.
