In this paper,we propose a novel graph signal processing convolution recurrent network(GSP CRN)for signal enhancement against high suppressive interference(HSI)in wireless communications.GSPCRN consists of the short-t...In this paper,we propose a novel graph signal processing convolution recurrent network(GSP CRN)for signal enhancement against high suppressive interference(HSI)in wireless communications.GSPCRN consists of the short-time graph signal processing(SGSP)approach and a modified convolution recurrent network.Similar to the traditional shorttime time-frequency transformation,SGSP frames the complex-valued communication signal and transforms it to the graph-domain representations,where the connection and weight flexibility of each vertex are fully taken into account.In the presence of HSI,SGSP can extract signal features from new graph-domain dimensions and empower neural networks for weak signal enhancement.Two SGSP methods,adjacency singular value decomposition and implicit graph transformation,are designed to capture relationships among the sampling points in the segmented signals.Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed GSPCRN outperforms existing classic methods in extracting weak signals from the HSI environment.When the interference-to-signal ratio exceeds 27dB,only our proposed GSPCRN can achieve the interference mitigation.展开更多
Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks,including the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)mobile broadband networks.However,they consume important a...Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks,including the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)mobile broadband networks.However,they consume important and scarce network resources such as bandwidth and processing power.There have been several reports of these control signaling turning into signaling storms halting network operations and causing the respective Telecom companies big financial losses.This paper draws its motivation from such real network disaster incidents attributed to signaling storms.In this paper,we present a thorough survey of the causes,of the signaling storm problems in 3GPP-based mobile broadband networks and discuss in detail their possible solutions and countermeasures.We provide relevant analytical models to help quantify the effect of the potential causes and benefits of their corresponding solutions.Another important contribution of this paper is the comparison of the possible causes and solutions/countermeasures,concerning their effect on several important network aspects such as architecture,additional signaling,fidelity,etc.,in the form of a table.This paper presents an update and an extension of our earlier conference publication.To our knowledge,no similar survey study exists on the subject.展开更多
Objectives:Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of osteoporosis in clinical practice,affecting millions of postmenopausal women worldwide.Postmenopausal osteoporosis demands safe and effective therapies...Objectives:Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of osteoporosis in clinical practice,affecting millions of postmenopausal women worldwide.Postmenopausal osteoporosis demands safe and effective therapies.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of hederagenin(Hed)for treating osteoporosis and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action.Methods:The anti-osteoporotic potential of Hed was assessed by investigating its effects on ovariectomy(OVX)-induced bone loss in mice and on receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells.Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking were employed to identify key targets,which were subsequently validated experimentally.Results:In vitro,Hed suppressed osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts and F-actin rings and by down-regulating osteoclastspecific genes(Atp6v0d2 and Acp5).In vivo,Hed significantly amelioratedOVX-induced bone loss,restoring trabecular bone volume fraction(BV/TV)and trabecular number(Tb.N),while reducing trabecular separation(Tb.Sp).Network pharmacology analysis identified 142 overlapping targets linking Hed to osteoporosis,including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-1β,with enrichment in innate immune signaling and osteoclast differentiation.Molecular docking analysis indicated strong binding affinities between Hed and targets such as TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β.Experimentally,Hed was found to decrease RANKL,elevate osteoprotegerin(OPG),and suppress intestinalmRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β,IL-6,IL-17A,and TNF-α.Conclusion:Hed exerts significant anti-osteoporotic effects inOVX-induced osteoporosis through a dualmechanism involving the suppression of both osteoclastogenesis and innate immune signaling pathways.These findings highlighted Hed’s novel role in modulating immune-bone crosstalk,offering a promising strategy for treating osteolytic diseases without estrogenic side effects.展开更多
The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the cent...The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.展开更多
Underground engineering projects such as deep tunnel excavation often encounter rockburst disasters accompanied by numerous microseismic events.Rapid interpretation of microseismic signals is crucial for the timely id...Underground engineering projects such as deep tunnel excavation often encounter rockburst disasters accompanied by numerous microseismic events.Rapid interpretation of microseismic signals is crucial for the timely identification of rockbursts.However,conventional processing encompasses multi-step workflows,including classification,denoising,picking,locating,and computational analysis,coupled with manual intervention,which collectively compromise the reliability of early warnings.To address these challenges,this study innovatively proposes the“microseismic stethoscope"-a multi-task machine learning and deep learning model designed for the automated processing of massive microseismic signals.This model efficiently extracts three key parameters that are necessary for recognizing rockburst disasters:rupture location,microseismic energy,and moment magnitude.Specifically,the model extracts raw waveform features from three dedicated sub-networks:a classifier for source zone classification,and two regressors for microseismic energy and moment magnitude estimation.This model demonstrates superior efficiency compared to traditional processing and semi-automated processing,reducing per-event processing time from 0.71 s to 0.49 s to merely 0.036 s.It concurrently achieves 98%accuracy in source zone classification,with microseismic energy and moment magnitude estimation errors of 0.13 and 0.05,respectively.This model has been well applied and validated in the Daxiagu Tunnel case in Sichuan,China.The application results indicate that the model is as accurate as traditional methods in determining source parameters,and thus can be used to identify potential geomechanical processes of rockburst disasters.By enhancing the signal processing reliability of microseismic events,the proposed model in this study presents a significant advancement in the identification of rockburst disasters.展开更多
While the Ordos Basin is recognized for its substantial hydrocarbon exploration prospects,its rugged loess tableland terrain has rendered seismic exploration exceptionally challenging[1-3].Persistent obstacles such as...While the Ordos Basin is recognized for its substantial hydrocarbon exploration prospects,its rugged loess tableland terrain has rendered seismic exploration exceptionally challenging[1-3].Persistent obstacles such as complex 3D survey planning,low signal-tonoise ratio raw data,inadequate near-surface velocity modeling,and imaging inaccuracy have long hindered the advancement of seismic exploration across this region.Through a problem-solving approach rooted in geological target analysis,this research systematically investigates the behavioral patterns of nodal seismometer-based high-density seismic acquisition in loess plateau.Tailored advancements in waveform enhancement and depth velocity modelling methodologies have been engineered.Field validations confirm that the optimized workflow demonstrates marked improvements in amplitude preservation and imaging resolution,offering novel insights for future reservoir characterization endeavors.展开更多
Skeletal muscle health and function are essential determinants of metabolic health,physical performance,and overall quality of life.The quality of skeletal muscle is heavily dependent on the complex mitochondrial reti...Skeletal muscle health and function are essential determinants of metabolic health,physical performance,and overall quality of life.The quality of skeletal muscle is heavily dependent on the complex mitochondrial reticulum that contributes toward its unique adaptability.It is now recognized that mitochondrial perturbations can activate various innate immune pathways,such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome complex by propagating inflammatory signaling in response to damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex and is a prominent regulator of innate immunity and cell death by mediating the activation of caspase-1,pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand interleukin-18 and pro-pyroptotic protein gasdermin-D.While several studies have begun to demonstrate the relationship between various mitochondrial DAMPs(mtDAMPs)and NLRP3 inflammasome activation,the influence of various metabolic states on the production of these DAMPs and subsequent inflammatory profile remains poorly understood.This narrative review aimed to address this by highlighting the effects of skeletal muscle use and disuse on mitochondrial quality mechanisms including mitochondrial biogenesis,fusion,fission and mitophagy.Secondly,this review summarized the impact of alterations in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms following muscle denervation,aging,and exercise training in relation to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.By consolidating the current body of literature,this work aimed to further the understanding of innate immune signaling within skeletal muscle,which can highlight areas for future research and therapeutic strategies to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation during divergent metabolic conditions.展开更多
Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction, sparse signal recovery, and other areas. This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recov...Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction, sparse signal recovery, and other areas. This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recovery. We first derive the projection formulas for a vector onto the feasible sets. The centralized circumcentered-reflection method is designed to solve the convex feasibility problem. Some numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, showing superior performance compared to conventional alternating projection methods.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the anti-atherosclerosis effect of chikusetsusaponinⅣ(CSⅣ)against high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in rats.Methods:A high-fat diet was used for the induction of atherosclerosis in rats,...Objective:To investigate the anti-atherosclerosis effect of chikusetsusaponinⅣ(CSⅣ)against high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in rats.Methods:A high-fat diet was used for the induction of atherosclerosis in rats,and the rats received oral CSⅣor atorvastatin.The body weight,organ weights,food intake,calorie intake,lipid parameters,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA)/mevalonate ratio,collagen,free fatty acid,cardiac parameters,apolipoprotein(A and B),antioxidant parameters,inflammatory cytokines,and inflammatory parameters were assessed.The mRNA expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-6,IL-17,PI3K,AKT,and mTOR were estimated.Results:CSⅣsignificantly modulated food intake,body weight,organ weight(liver,kidney,and heart),and calories(P<0.05).Total cholesterol,triglycerides,very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,cardiovascular risk index-1,and cardiovascular risk index-2 were decreased,while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and anti-atherogenic index were increased significantly in the CSⅣgroup(P<0.05).Besides,CSⅣsignificantly restored the level of HMG-CoA/mevalonate ratio,collagen,free fatty acid,cardiac parameters(creatinine kinase-MB,lactate dehydrogenase,cTnT,cTnI),apolipoprotein(apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B),antioxidant parameters(MDA,CAT,GPx,GSH,SOD),inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10),inflammatory parameters(COX-2,TGF-β,NF-κB),intercellular adhesion molecule-1,vascular cell adhesion molecule-1,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.CSⅣalso decreased the mRNA expression of IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-17,PI3K,AKT,and mTOR.Conclusions:This study showed the anti-atherosclerosis effect of CSⅣagainst high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in rats via alteration of NF-κB/COX-2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.展开更多
Objective:Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disease characterized by extracellular matrix(ECM)degradation,chondrocyte apoptosis,and chronic inflammation.Cartilage destruction and ECM degeneration contribute to...Objective:Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disease characterized by extracellular matrix(ECM)degradation,chondrocyte apoptosis,and chronic inflammation.Cartilage destruction and ECM degeneration contribute to joint function loss and disability.Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)up-regulates the expression of MMP-13,which degrades collagen Ⅱ.Our previous study found that 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone(TMF)exhibited protective effects on OA chondrocytes.This study aims to investigate the protective role of TMF in inhibiting ECM degradation by mediating the Sirt1/STAT3 signaling pathway.Methods:Rat OA models were established by the injection of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA).Hematoxylin&eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemistry(IHC)analysis were performed.IL-1β stimulated C28/I2 cells were used as OA-like chondrocyte cell model.Western blotting assays were used to determine the protein expression.Results:The expression of MMP-13 was upregulated while type Ⅱ collagen expression is downregulated,and the phosphorylation level of STAT3 is increased in rat OA models.TMF reverses the STAT3-mediated expression of MMP-13 and type v collagen.Activation of STAT3 or inhibition of Sirt1 function attenuates the inhibitory effect of TMF on ECM degradation.Conclusion:TMF can inhibit ECM degradation mediated by the STAT3 signal pathway by activating Sirt1 expression in OA cell and animal models.展开更多
Accurate time delay estimation of target echo signals is a critical component of underwater target localization.In active sonar systems,echo signal processing is vulnerable to the effects of reverberation and noise in...Accurate time delay estimation of target echo signals is a critical component of underwater target localization.In active sonar systems,echo signal processing is vulnerable to the effects of reverberation and noise in the maritime environment.This paper proposes a novel method for estimating target time delay using multi-bright spot echoes,assuming the target’s size and depth are known.Aiming to effectively enhance the extraction of geometric features from the target echoes and mitigate the impact of reverberation and noise,the proposed approach employs the fractional order Fourier transform-frequency sliced wavelet transform to extract multi-bright spot echoes.Using the highlighting model theory and the target size information,an observation matrix is constructed to represent multi-angle incident signals and obtain the theoretical scattered echo signals from different angles.Aiming to accurately estimate the target’s time delay,waveform similarity coefficients and mean square error values between the theoretical return signals and received signals are computed across various incident angles and time delays.Simulation results show that,compared to the conventional matched filter,the proposed algorithm reduces the relative error by 65.9%-91.5%at a signal-to noise ratio of-25 dB,and by 66.7%-88.9%at a signal-to-reverberation ratio of−10 dB.This algorithm provides a new approach for the precise localization of submerged targets in shallow water environments.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central com...Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central complications.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),the most prevalent type of diabetes,affects more than 38 million individuals in the United States(approximately 1 in 10)and is defined by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,which refers to a reduced cellular response to insulin.展开更多
Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et a...Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et al.,2022).This molecular event is believed to lead to activation of stress pathways ultimately resulting in cellular dysfunction(Eldeeb et al.,2022).Accordingly,many lines of research investigations focused on dampening the formation of protein aggregates or augmenting the clearance of protein aggregates as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the progression of neurodegenerative diseases,albeit with little success(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).Cell stress cues such as the accumulation of protein aggregates lead to the activation of stress response pathways that aid cells in responding to the damage.Despite the notion that the transient activation of these pathways helps cells cope with stressors,persistent activation can induce unwanted apoptosis of cells and reduce overall tissue strength as well as lead to an accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins(Hetz and Papa,2018).Mutations in proteins involved in stress signaling termination can cause conditions like ataxia and early-onset dementia(Conroy et al.,2014).Therefore,it is crucial for stress response signaling to be turned off once conditions have improved.Nevertheless,the mechanisms by which cells silence these signals are still elusive.展开更多
The ErbB signaling network has recently emerged as a key modulator of central nervous system responses to injury.This review provides a comprehensive overview of ErbB receptors and their ligands,highlighting canonical...The ErbB signaling network has recently emerged as a key modulator of central nervous system responses to injury.This review provides a comprehensive overview of ErbB receptors and their ligands,highlighting canonical and non-canonical signaling mechanisms relevant to brain damage.We explore how ErbB signaling is dynamically regulated following injury and how it orchestrates processes such as neuroinflammation,gliosis,and neural repair.Special attention is given to its interplay with other critical pathways,including Notch signaling,and its roles within adult neurogenic niches,where it modulates neural stem cell behavior in response to damage.Based on accumulating preclinical evidence,we propose two therapeutic strategies for targeting ErbB signaling in brain injury:(1)dampening neuroinflammation through ErbB inhibition and(2)promoting neuroprotection and neurogenesis via neuregulin-1-mediated activation.The first strategy is supported by studies,which demonstrate that inhibition of ErbB1 limits neuroinflammation and supports neural repair in preclinical models.The latter strategy is supported by emerging studies demonstrating the significant potential of novel protein kinase C activating diterpenes in modulating ErbB signaling pathways through the regulation of neuregulin-1 release.Diterpenes,by influencing the ErbB pathway,may uniquely bridge the gap between neuroprotection and regeneration.Their potential to modulate inflammation and promote pro-regenerative cellular environments positions them as promising tools in the development of targeted therapies.By dissecting these mechanisms,we aim to shed light on the translational potential of ErbB-targeted therapies and their capacity to enhance endogenous repair processes in the injured brain.展开更多
This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We syste...This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We systematically evaluate key deep learning architectures including convolutional neural networks(CNNs),recurrent neural networks(RNNs),transformer-based models,and hybrid systems across critical tasks such as arrhythmia classification,seizure detection,and anomaly segmentation.The study dissects preprocessing techniques(e.g.,wavelet denoising,spectral normalization)and feature extraction strategies(time-frequency analysis,attention mechanisms),demonstrating their impact on model accuracy,noise robustness,and computational efficiency.Experimental results underscore the superiority of deep learning over traditional methods,particularly in automated feature extraction,real-time processing,cross-modal generalization,and achieving up to a 15%increase in classification accuracy and enhanced noise resilience across electrocardiogram(ECG),electroencephalogram(EEG),and electromyogram(EMG)signals.Performance is rigorously benchmarked using precision,recall,F1-scores,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC-ROC),and computational complexitymetrics,providing a unified framework for comparing model efficacy.Thesurvey addresses persistent challenges:synthetic data generationmitigates limited training samples,interpretability tools(e.g.,Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM),Shapley values)resolve model opacity,and federated learning ensures privacy-compliant deployments.Distinguished from prior reviews,this work offers a structured taxonomy of deep learning architectures,integrates emerging paradigms like transformers and domain-specific attention mechanisms,and evaluates preprocessing pipelines for spectral-temporal trade-offs.It advances the field by bridging technical advancements with clinical needs,such as scalability in real-world settings(e.g.,wearable devices)and regulatory alignment with theHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA)and General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR).By synthesizing technical rigor,ethical considerations,and actionable guidelines for model selection,this survey establishes a holistic reference for developing robust,interpretable biomedical artificial intelligence(AI)systems,accelerating their translation into personalized and equitable healthcare solutions.展开更多
The phytohormone auxin exerts control over remarkable developmental processes in plants.It moves from cell to cell,resulting in the creation of both extracellular auxin and intracellular auxin,which are recognized by ...The phytohormone auxin exerts control over remarkable developmental processes in plants.It moves from cell to cell,resulting in the creation of both extracellular auxin and intracellular auxin,which are recognized by distinct auxin receptors.These two auxin signaling systems govern different auxin responses while working together to regulate plant development.In this review,we outline the latest research advancements in unraveling these auxin signaling pathways,encompassing auxin perception and signaling transductions.We emphasize the interaction between extracellular and intracellular auxin,which contributes to the intricate role of auxin in plant development.展开更多
Ca^(2+)signaling plays crucial roles in plant stress responses,including defense against insects.To counteract insect feeding,different parts of a plant deploy systemic signaling to communicate and coordinate defense ...Ca^(2+)signaling plays crucial roles in plant stress responses,including defense against insects.To counteract insect feeding,different parts of a plant deploy systemic signaling to communicate and coordinate defense responses,but little is known about the underlying mechanisms.In this study,micrografting,in vivo imaging of Ca^(2+)and reactive oxygen species(ROS),quantification of jasmonic acid(JA)and defensive metabolites,and bioassay were used to study how Arabidopsis seedlings regulate systemic responses in leaves after hypocotyls are wounded.We show that wounding hypocotyls rapidly activated both Ca^(2+)and ROS signals in leaves.RBOHD,which functions to produce ROS,along with two glutamate receptors GLR3.3 and GLR3.6,but not individually RBOHD or GLR3.3 and GLR3.6,in hypocotyls regulate the dynamics of systemic Ca^(2+)signals in leaves.In line with the systemic Ca^(2+)signals,after wounding hypocotyl,RBOHD,GLR3.3,and GLR3.6 in hypocotyl also cooperatively regulate the transcriptome,hormone jasmonic acid,and defensive secondary metabolites in leaves of Arabidopsis seedlings,thus controlling the systemic resistance to insects.Unlike leaf-to-leaf systemic signaling,this study reveals the unique regulation of wounding-induced hypocotyl-to-leaf systemic signaling and sheds new light on how different plant organs use complex signaling pathways to modulate defense responses.展开更多
Lateral flow immunoassay(LFIA),a rapid detection technique noted for simplicity and economy,has showcased indispensable applicability in diverse domains such as disease screening,food safety,and environmental monitori...Lateral flow immunoassay(LFIA),a rapid detection technique noted for simplicity and economy,has showcased indispensable applicability in diverse domains such as disease screening,food safety,and environmental monitoring.Nevertheless,challenges still exist in detecting ultra-low concentration analytes due to the inherent sensitivity limitations of LFIA.Recently,significant advances have been achieved by integrating enzyme activity probes and transforming LFIA into a highly sensitive tool for rapidly detecting trace analyte concentrations.Specifically,modifying natural enzymes or engineered nanozymes allows them to function as immune probes,directly catalyzing the production of signal molecules or indirectly initiating enzyme activity.Therefore,the signal intensity and detection sensitivity of LFIA are markedly elevated.The present review undertakes a comprehensive examination of pertinent research literature,offering a systematic analysis of recently proposed enzyme-based signal amplification strategies.By way of comparative assessment,the merits and demerits of current approaches are delineated,along with the identification of research avenues that still need to be explored.It is anticipated that this critical overview will garner considerable attention within the biomedical and materials science communities,providing valuable direction and insight toward the advancement of high-performance LFIA technologies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic,progressive inflammatory condition of the intestine.Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapy for IBD has made significant progress in recent years.To better exploit the ...BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic,progressive inflammatory condition of the intestine.Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapy for IBD has made significant progress in recent years.To better exploit the therapeutic potential of MSCs,pretreatment strategies are employed to enhance their therapeutic capabilities.As a compound with diverse pharmacological effects,quercetin(QUR)is applied to pretreat human umbilical cord-derived MSCs(hUCMSCs)in this study,thereby augmenting their immunotherapeutic potential.AIM To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of QUR-pretreated hUCMSCs.METHODS We induced colitis in a mouse model using a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution.Intraperitoneal injection of QUR-pretreated hUCMSCs significantly improved clinical and pathological manifestations of colitis compared to the model group.Interestingly,the therapeutic effect was superior to that of untreated hUCMSCs.Mice exhibited significantly reduced weight loss,diminished infiltration of inflammatory cells observed in hematoxylin and eosin staining,improved Disease Activity Index and Histological Activity Index scores.Furthermore,colonic tissue analysis revealed a significant upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10(IL-10),accompanied by a downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6.Further tests also suggested that QUR pretreatment led to inhibition of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)phosphorylation.RESULTS Our study demonstrated that QUR pretreatment of hUCMSCs significantly enhanced their immune-regulatory capacity.This approach effectively mitigated colonic inflammation in a mouse colitis model by modulating the IL-10/Janus kinase/STAT signaling pathway.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that QUR pretreatment acts synergistically to augment the inherent anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory properties of hUCMSCs,resulting in enhanced therapeutic efficacy for IBD treatment.展开更多
Non-cooperative communication detection is a key technology for locating radio interfer-ence sources and conducting reconnaissance on adversary radiation sources.To meet the require-ments of wide-area monitoring,a sin...Non-cooperative communication detection is a key technology for locating radio interfer-ence sources and conducting reconnaissance on adversary radiation sources.To meet the require-ments of wide-area monitoring,a single interception channel often contains mixed multi-source sig-nals and interference,resulting in generally low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the received signals;meanwhile,improving detection quality urgently requires either high frequency resolution or high-time resolution,which poses severe challenges to detection techniques based on time-frequency rep-resentations(TFR).To address this issue,this paper proposes a fixed-frame-structure signal detec-tion algorithm that integrates image enhancement and multi-scale template matching:first,the Otsu-Sauvola hybrid thresholding algorithm is employed to enhance TFR features,suppress noise interference,and extract time-frequency parameters of potential target signals(such as bandwidth and occurrence time);then,by exploiting the inherent time-frequency characteristics of the fixed-frame structure,the signal is subjected to multi-scale transformation(with either high-frequency resolution or high-time resolution),and accurate detection is achieved through the corresponding multi-scale template matching.Experimental results demonstrate that under 0 dB SNR conditions,the proposed algorithm achieves a detection rate greater than 87%,representing a significant improvement over traditional methods.展开更多
基金supported by he National Social Science Found of China(2022-SKJJ-B-112).
文摘In this paper,we propose a novel graph signal processing convolution recurrent network(GSP CRN)for signal enhancement against high suppressive interference(HSI)in wireless communications.GSPCRN consists of the short-time graph signal processing(SGSP)approach and a modified convolution recurrent network.Similar to the traditional shorttime time-frequency transformation,SGSP frames the complex-valued communication signal and transforms it to the graph-domain representations,where the connection and weight flexibility of each vertex are fully taken into account.In the presence of HSI,SGSP can extract signal features from new graph-domain dimensions and empower neural networks for weak signal enhancement.Two SGSP methods,adjacency singular value decomposition and implicit graph transformation,are designed to capture relationships among the sampling points in the segmented signals.Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed GSPCRN outperforms existing classic methods in extracting weak signals from the HSI environment.When the interference-to-signal ratio exceeds 27dB,only our proposed GSPCRN can achieve the interference mitigation.
基金the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University for financial support(QU-APC-2024-9/1).
文摘Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks,including the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)mobile broadband networks.However,they consume important and scarce network resources such as bandwidth and processing power.There have been several reports of these control signaling turning into signaling storms halting network operations and causing the respective Telecom companies big financial losses.This paper draws its motivation from such real network disaster incidents attributed to signaling storms.In this paper,we present a thorough survey of the causes,of the signaling storm problems in 3GPP-based mobile broadband networks and discuss in detail their possible solutions and countermeasures.We provide relevant analytical models to help quantify the effect of the potential causes and benefits of their corresponding solutions.Another important contribution of this paper is the comparison of the possible causes and solutions/countermeasures,concerning their effect on several important network aspects such as architecture,additional signaling,fidelity,etc.,in the form of a table.This paper presents an update and an extension of our earlier conference publication.To our knowledge,no similar survey study exists on the subject.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Anhui ProvincialHealth Commission(Grant No.AHWJ2021b063)National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Grant No.82160048)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.2308085MH265)Major Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.2024AH040205).
文摘Objectives:Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of osteoporosis in clinical practice,affecting millions of postmenopausal women worldwide.Postmenopausal osteoporosis demands safe and effective therapies.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of hederagenin(Hed)for treating osteoporosis and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action.Methods:The anti-osteoporotic potential of Hed was assessed by investigating its effects on ovariectomy(OVX)-induced bone loss in mice and on receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells.Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking were employed to identify key targets,which were subsequently validated experimentally.Results:In vitro,Hed suppressed osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts and F-actin rings and by down-regulating osteoclastspecific genes(Atp6v0d2 and Acp5).In vivo,Hed significantly amelioratedOVX-induced bone loss,restoring trabecular bone volume fraction(BV/TV)and trabecular number(Tb.N),while reducing trabecular separation(Tb.Sp).Network pharmacology analysis identified 142 overlapping targets linking Hed to osteoporosis,including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-1β,with enrichment in innate immune signaling and osteoclast differentiation.Molecular docking analysis indicated strong binding affinities between Hed and targets such as TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β.Experimentally,Hed was found to decrease RANKL,elevate osteoprotegerin(OPG),and suppress intestinalmRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β,IL-6,IL-17A,and TNF-α.Conclusion:Hed exerts significant anti-osteoporotic effects inOVX-induced osteoporosis through a dualmechanism involving the suppression of both osteoclastogenesis and innate immune signaling pathways.These findings highlighted Hed’s novel role in modulating immune-bone crosstalk,offering a promising strategy for treating osteolytic diseases without estrogenic side effects.
基金supported by the Wellcome Trust(grant No.103852).
文摘The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42130719 and 42177173)the Doctoral Direct Train Project of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.CSTB2023NSCQ-BSX0029).
文摘Underground engineering projects such as deep tunnel excavation often encounter rockburst disasters accompanied by numerous microseismic events.Rapid interpretation of microseismic signals is crucial for the timely identification of rockbursts.However,conventional processing encompasses multi-step workflows,including classification,denoising,picking,locating,and computational analysis,coupled with manual intervention,which collectively compromise the reliability of early warnings.To address these challenges,this study innovatively proposes the“microseismic stethoscope"-a multi-task machine learning and deep learning model designed for the automated processing of massive microseismic signals.This model efficiently extracts three key parameters that are necessary for recognizing rockburst disasters:rupture location,microseismic energy,and moment magnitude.Specifically,the model extracts raw waveform features from three dedicated sub-networks:a classifier for source zone classification,and two regressors for microseismic energy and moment magnitude estimation.This model demonstrates superior efficiency compared to traditional processing and semi-automated processing,reducing per-event processing time from 0.71 s to 0.49 s to merely 0.036 s.It concurrently achieves 98%accuracy in source zone classification,with microseismic energy and moment magnitude estimation errors of 0.13 and 0.05,respectively.This model has been well applied and validated in the Daxiagu Tunnel case in Sichuan,China.The application results indicate that the model is as accurate as traditional methods in determining source parameters,and thus can be used to identify potential geomechanical processes of rockburst disasters.By enhancing the signal processing reliability of microseismic events,the proposed model in this study presents a significant advancement in the identification of rockburst disasters.
文摘While the Ordos Basin is recognized for its substantial hydrocarbon exploration prospects,its rugged loess tableland terrain has rendered seismic exploration exceptionally challenging[1-3].Persistent obstacles such as complex 3D survey planning,low signal-tonoise ratio raw data,inadequate near-surface velocity modeling,and imaging inaccuracy have long hindered the advancement of seismic exploration across this region.Through a problem-solving approach rooted in geological target analysis,this research systematically investigates the behavioral patterns of nodal seismometer-based high-density seismic acquisition in loess plateau.Tailored advancements in waveform enhancement and depth velocity modelling methodologies have been engineered.Field validations confirm that the optimized workflow demonstrates marked improvements in amplitude preservation and imaging resolution,offering novel insights for future reservoir characterization endeavors.
文摘Skeletal muscle health and function are essential determinants of metabolic health,physical performance,and overall quality of life.The quality of skeletal muscle is heavily dependent on the complex mitochondrial reticulum that contributes toward its unique adaptability.It is now recognized that mitochondrial perturbations can activate various innate immune pathways,such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome complex by propagating inflammatory signaling in response to damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex and is a prominent regulator of innate immunity and cell death by mediating the activation of caspase-1,pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand interleukin-18 and pro-pyroptotic protein gasdermin-D.While several studies have begun to demonstrate the relationship between various mitochondrial DAMPs(mtDAMPs)and NLRP3 inflammasome activation,the influence of various metabolic states on the production of these DAMPs and subsequent inflammatory profile remains poorly understood.This narrative review aimed to address this by highlighting the effects of skeletal muscle use and disuse on mitochondrial quality mechanisms including mitochondrial biogenesis,fusion,fission and mitophagy.Secondly,this review summarized the impact of alterations in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms following muscle denervation,aging,and exercise training in relation to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.By consolidating the current body of literature,this work aimed to further the understanding of innate immune signaling within skeletal muscle,which can highlight areas for future research and therapeutic strategies to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation during divergent metabolic conditions.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(Grant Nos.2023GXNSFAA026067,2024GXN SFAA010521)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12361079,12201149,12261026).
文摘Convex feasibility problems are widely used in image reconstruction, sparse signal recovery, and other areas. This paper is devoted to considering a class of convex feasibility problem arising from sparse signal recovery. We first derive the projection formulas for a vector onto the feasible sets. The centralized circumcentered-reflection method is designed to solve the convex feasibility problem. Some numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, showing superior performance compared to conventional alternating projection methods.
基金funded by the Yancheng Municipal Health Commission 2024 Medical Research Project(YK2024166).
文摘Objective:To investigate the anti-atherosclerosis effect of chikusetsusaponinⅣ(CSⅣ)against high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in rats.Methods:A high-fat diet was used for the induction of atherosclerosis in rats,and the rats received oral CSⅣor atorvastatin.The body weight,organ weights,food intake,calorie intake,lipid parameters,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA)/mevalonate ratio,collagen,free fatty acid,cardiac parameters,apolipoprotein(A and B),antioxidant parameters,inflammatory cytokines,and inflammatory parameters were assessed.The mRNA expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-6,IL-17,PI3K,AKT,and mTOR were estimated.Results:CSⅣsignificantly modulated food intake,body weight,organ weight(liver,kidney,and heart),and calories(P<0.05).Total cholesterol,triglycerides,very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,cardiovascular risk index-1,and cardiovascular risk index-2 were decreased,while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and anti-atherogenic index were increased significantly in the CSⅣgroup(P<0.05).Besides,CSⅣsignificantly restored the level of HMG-CoA/mevalonate ratio,collagen,free fatty acid,cardiac parameters(creatinine kinase-MB,lactate dehydrogenase,cTnT,cTnI),apolipoprotein(apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B),antioxidant parameters(MDA,CAT,GPx,GSH,SOD),inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10),inflammatory parameters(COX-2,TGF-β,NF-κB),intercellular adhesion molecule-1,vascular cell adhesion molecule-1,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.CSⅣalso decreased the mRNA expression of IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-17,PI3K,AKT,and mTOR.Conclusions:This study showed the anti-atherosclerosis effect of CSⅣagainst high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in rats via alteration of NF-κB/COX-2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
基金Project Supported by Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20212ACB206002)。
文摘Objective:Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative joint disease characterized by extracellular matrix(ECM)degradation,chondrocyte apoptosis,and chronic inflammation.Cartilage destruction and ECM degeneration contribute to joint function loss and disability.Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)up-regulates the expression of MMP-13,which degrades collagen Ⅱ.Our previous study found that 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone(TMF)exhibited protective effects on OA chondrocytes.This study aims to investigate the protective role of TMF in inhibiting ECM degradation by mediating the Sirt1/STAT3 signaling pathway.Methods:Rat OA models were established by the injection of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA).Hematoxylin&eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemistry(IHC)analysis were performed.IL-1β stimulated C28/I2 cells were used as OA-like chondrocyte cell model.Western blotting assays were used to determine the protein expression.Results:The expression of MMP-13 was upregulated while type Ⅱ collagen expression is downregulated,and the phosphorylation level of STAT3 is increased in rat OA models.TMF reverses the STAT3-mediated expression of MMP-13 and type v collagen.Activation of STAT3 or inhibition of Sirt1 function attenuates the inhibitory effect of TMF on ECM degradation.Conclusion:TMF can inhibit ECM degradation mediated by the STAT3 signal pathway by activating Sirt1 expression in OA cell and animal models.
基金Supported by the State Key Laboratory of Acoustics and Marine Information Chinese Academy of Sciences(SKL A202507).
文摘Accurate time delay estimation of target echo signals is a critical component of underwater target localization.In active sonar systems,echo signal processing is vulnerable to the effects of reverberation and noise in the maritime environment.This paper proposes a novel method for estimating target time delay using multi-bright spot echoes,assuming the target’s size and depth are known.Aiming to effectively enhance the extraction of geometric features from the target echoes and mitigate the impact of reverberation and noise,the proposed approach employs the fractional order Fourier transform-frequency sliced wavelet transform to extract multi-bright spot echoes.Using the highlighting model theory and the target size information,an observation matrix is constructed to represent multi-angle incident signals and obtain the theoretical scattered echo signals from different angles.Aiming to accurately estimate the target’s time delay,waveform similarity coefficients and mean square error values between the theoretical return signals and received signals are computed across various incident angles and time delays.Simulation results show that,compared to the conventional matched filter,the proposed algorithm reduces the relative error by 65.9%-91.5%at a signal-to noise ratio of-25 dB,and by 66.7%-88.9%at a signal-to-reverberation ratio of−10 dB.This algorithm provides a new approach for the precise localization of submerged targets in shallow water environments.
基金supported by grants from NIH T32(DK007260,to WC)the Steno North American Fellowship awarded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF23OC0087108,to WC)+6 种基金STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0202700,to HY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32241004,to HY)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LR24C090001,to HY)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2024SSYS0017,to HY)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-12M-5-057,to HY)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2022-00193,to HY)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2023-PT310-01,to HY)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central complications.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),the most prevalent type of diabetes,affects more than 38 million individuals in the United States(approximately 1 in 10)and is defined by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,which refers to a reduced cellular response to insulin.
文摘Protein aggregates,mitochondrial import stress and neurodegenerative disorders:A salient hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease,is the abundance of protein aggregates(Goiran et al.,2022).This molecular event is believed to lead to activation of stress pathways ultimately resulting in cellular dysfunction(Eldeeb et al.,2022).Accordingly,many lines of research investigations focused on dampening the formation of protein aggregates or augmenting the clearance of protein aggregates as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract the progression of neurodegenerative diseases,albeit with little success(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).Cell stress cues such as the accumulation of protein aggregates lead to the activation of stress response pathways that aid cells in responding to the damage.Despite the notion that the transient activation of these pathways helps cells cope with stressors,persistent activation can induce unwanted apoptosis of cells and reduce overall tissue strength as well as lead to an accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins(Hetz and Papa,2018).Mutations in proteins involved in stress signaling termination can cause conditions like ataxia and early-onset dementia(Conroy et al.,2014).Therefore,it is crucial for stress response signaling to be turned off once conditions have improved.Nevertheless,the mechanisms by which cells silence these signals are still elusive.
基金supported by the I+D+i(PID2022-142418OB-C21)grant funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/UE.
文摘The ErbB signaling network has recently emerged as a key modulator of central nervous system responses to injury.This review provides a comprehensive overview of ErbB receptors and their ligands,highlighting canonical and non-canonical signaling mechanisms relevant to brain damage.We explore how ErbB signaling is dynamically regulated following injury and how it orchestrates processes such as neuroinflammation,gliosis,and neural repair.Special attention is given to its interplay with other critical pathways,including Notch signaling,and its roles within adult neurogenic niches,where it modulates neural stem cell behavior in response to damage.Based on accumulating preclinical evidence,we propose two therapeutic strategies for targeting ErbB signaling in brain injury:(1)dampening neuroinflammation through ErbB inhibition and(2)promoting neuroprotection and neurogenesis via neuregulin-1-mediated activation.The first strategy is supported by studies,which demonstrate that inhibition of ErbB1 limits neuroinflammation and supports neural repair in preclinical models.The latter strategy is supported by emerging studies demonstrating the significant potential of novel protein kinase C activating diterpenes in modulating ErbB signaling pathways through the regulation of neuregulin-1 release.Diterpenes,by influencing the ErbB pathway,may uniquely bridge the gap between neuroprotection and regeneration.Their potential to modulate inflammation and promote pro-regenerative cellular environments positions them as promising tools in the development of targeted therapies.By dissecting these mechanisms,we aim to shed light on the translational potential of ErbB-targeted therapies and their capacity to enhance endogenous repair processes in the injured brain.
基金The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)funded this review study.
文摘This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We systematically evaluate key deep learning architectures including convolutional neural networks(CNNs),recurrent neural networks(RNNs),transformer-based models,and hybrid systems across critical tasks such as arrhythmia classification,seizure detection,and anomaly segmentation.The study dissects preprocessing techniques(e.g.,wavelet denoising,spectral normalization)and feature extraction strategies(time-frequency analysis,attention mechanisms),demonstrating their impact on model accuracy,noise robustness,and computational efficiency.Experimental results underscore the superiority of deep learning over traditional methods,particularly in automated feature extraction,real-time processing,cross-modal generalization,and achieving up to a 15%increase in classification accuracy and enhanced noise resilience across electrocardiogram(ECG),electroencephalogram(EEG),and electromyogram(EMG)signals.Performance is rigorously benchmarked using precision,recall,F1-scores,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC-ROC),and computational complexitymetrics,providing a unified framework for comparing model efficacy.Thesurvey addresses persistent challenges:synthetic data generationmitigates limited training samples,interpretability tools(e.g.,Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM),Shapley values)resolve model opacity,and federated learning ensures privacy-compliant deployments.Distinguished from prior reviews,this work offers a structured taxonomy of deep learning architectures,integrates emerging paradigms like transformers and domain-specific attention mechanisms,and evaluates preprocessing pipelines for spectral-temporal trade-offs.It advances the field by bridging technical advancements with clinical needs,such as scalability in real-world settings(e.g.,wearable devices)and regulatory alignment with theHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA)and General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR).By synthesizing technical rigor,ethical considerations,and actionable guidelines for model selection,this survey establishes a holistic reference for developing robust,interpretable biomedical artificial intelligence(AI)systems,accelerating their translation into personalized and equitable healthcare solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130010).
文摘The phytohormone auxin exerts control over remarkable developmental processes in plants.It moves from cell to cell,resulting in the creation of both extracellular auxin and intracellular auxin,which are recognized by distinct auxin receptors.These two auxin signaling systems govern different auxin responses while working together to regulate plant development.In this review,we outline the latest research advancements in unraveling these auxin signaling pathways,encompassing auxin perception and signaling transductions.We emphasize the interaction between extracellular and intracellular auxin,which contributes to the intricate role of auxin in plant development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20199)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program“Yunling Scholar”and Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201AS070056)。
文摘Ca^(2+)signaling plays crucial roles in plant stress responses,including defense against insects.To counteract insect feeding,different parts of a plant deploy systemic signaling to communicate and coordinate defense responses,but little is known about the underlying mechanisms.In this study,micrografting,in vivo imaging of Ca^(2+)and reactive oxygen species(ROS),quantification of jasmonic acid(JA)and defensive metabolites,and bioassay were used to study how Arabidopsis seedlings regulate systemic responses in leaves after hypocotyls are wounded.We show that wounding hypocotyls rapidly activated both Ca^(2+)and ROS signals in leaves.RBOHD,which functions to produce ROS,along with two glutamate receptors GLR3.3 and GLR3.6,but not individually RBOHD or GLR3.3 and GLR3.6,in hypocotyls regulate the dynamics of systemic Ca^(2+)signals in leaves.In line with the systemic Ca^(2+)signals,after wounding hypocotyl,RBOHD,GLR3.3,and GLR3.6 in hypocotyl also cooperatively regulate the transcriptome,hormone jasmonic acid,and defensive secondary metabolites in leaves of Arabidopsis seedlings,thus controlling the systemic resistance to insects.Unlike leaf-to-leaf systemic signaling,this study reveals the unique regulation of wounding-induced hypocotyl-to-leaf systemic signaling and sheds new light on how different plant organs use complex signaling pathways to modulate defense responses.
基金Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.52272144 and 22205048)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.JQ2022E001)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022M710931 and 2023T160154)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.LBH-Z22010)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020ZD42)the Fundamental Research funds for the Central Universities are greatly acknowledged.
文摘Lateral flow immunoassay(LFIA),a rapid detection technique noted for simplicity and economy,has showcased indispensable applicability in diverse domains such as disease screening,food safety,and environmental monitoring.Nevertheless,challenges still exist in detecting ultra-low concentration analytes due to the inherent sensitivity limitations of LFIA.Recently,significant advances have been achieved by integrating enzyme activity probes and transforming LFIA into a highly sensitive tool for rapidly detecting trace analyte concentrations.Specifically,modifying natural enzymes or engineered nanozymes allows them to function as immune probes,directly catalyzing the production of signal molecules or indirectly initiating enzyme activity.Therefore,the signal intensity and detection sensitivity of LFIA are markedly elevated.The present review undertakes a comprehensive examination of pertinent research literature,offering a systematic analysis of recently proposed enzyme-based signal amplification strategies.By way of comparative assessment,the merits and demerits of current approaches are delineated,along with the identification of research avenues that still need to be explored.It is anticipated that this critical overview will garner considerable attention within the biomedical and materials science communities,providing valuable direction and insight toward the advancement of high-performance LFIA technologies.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Province,No.2021CFB210Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(Science and Technology Department of Xizang Autonomous Region),No.XZ202401YD0002C。
文摘BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic,progressive inflammatory condition of the intestine.Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapy for IBD has made significant progress in recent years.To better exploit the therapeutic potential of MSCs,pretreatment strategies are employed to enhance their therapeutic capabilities.As a compound with diverse pharmacological effects,quercetin(QUR)is applied to pretreat human umbilical cord-derived MSCs(hUCMSCs)in this study,thereby augmenting their immunotherapeutic potential.AIM To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of QUR-pretreated hUCMSCs.METHODS We induced colitis in a mouse model using a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution.Intraperitoneal injection of QUR-pretreated hUCMSCs significantly improved clinical and pathological manifestations of colitis compared to the model group.Interestingly,the therapeutic effect was superior to that of untreated hUCMSCs.Mice exhibited significantly reduced weight loss,diminished infiltration of inflammatory cells observed in hematoxylin and eosin staining,improved Disease Activity Index and Histological Activity Index scores.Furthermore,colonic tissue analysis revealed a significant upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10(IL-10),accompanied by a downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6.Further tests also suggested that QUR pretreatment led to inhibition of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)phosphorylation.RESULTS Our study demonstrated that QUR pretreatment of hUCMSCs significantly enhanced their immune-regulatory capacity.This approach effectively mitigated colonic inflammation in a mouse colitis model by modulating the IL-10/Janus kinase/STAT signaling pathway.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that QUR pretreatment acts synergistically to augment the inherent anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory properties of hUCMSCs,resulting in enhanced therapeutic efficacy for IBD treatment.
文摘Non-cooperative communication detection is a key technology for locating radio interfer-ence sources and conducting reconnaissance on adversary radiation sources.To meet the require-ments of wide-area monitoring,a single interception channel often contains mixed multi-source sig-nals and interference,resulting in generally low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the received signals;meanwhile,improving detection quality urgently requires either high frequency resolution or high-time resolution,which poses severe challenges to detection techniques based on time-frequency rep-resentations(TFR).To address this issue,this paper proposes a fixed-frame-structure signal detec-tion algorithm that integrates image enhancement and multi-scale template matching:first,the Otsu-Sauvola hybrid thresholding algorithm is employed to enhance TFR features,suppress noise interference,and extract time-frequency parameters of potential target signals(such as bandwidth and occurrence time);then,by exploiting the inherent time-frequency characteristics of the fixed-frame structure,the signal is subjected to multi-scale transformation(with either high-frequency resolution or high-time resolution),and accurate detection is achieved through the corresponding multi-scale template matching.Experimental results demonstrate that under 0 dB SNR conditions,the proposed algorithm achieves a detection rate greater than 87%,representing a significant improvement over traditional methods.
