The planted coffee areas in Brazil offer distinct environments and coffee varieties,which help in flavor formation.Another factor contributing to its flavor is the implementation of yeast starters isolated from their ...The planted coffee areas in Brazil offer distinct environments and coffee varieties,which help in flavor formation.Another factor contributing to its flavor is the implementation of yeast starters isolated from their environment.The aim was to evaluate the volatile profiles,sensory scores,and attributes of un/blended coffees from 7 regions and a mixture of many areas fermented using the self-induced anaerobiosis fermentation(SIAF)method and inoculated with CCMA0543 Saccharomyces cerevisiae,CCMA0535 Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and CCMA0684 Torulaspora delbrueckii.The SIAF fermentations were performed in 50 L bioreactors.A gas chromatographer-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)was used to evaluate the volatile profiles.The sensory scores and attributes were obtained through the cup test.The yeast CCMA0535 coffees generated more distinctive attributes(coriander,Jasmine flower,mint,red fruit jelly,candy corn,and crystallized orange).The sensory score varied from 86-to 90.25,resulting in high-quality specialty beverages.The O(90.25)and H(90)coffees presented the highest scores.The SIAF fermentations produced high-quality specialty coffees,and the yeasts improved their sweetness,uniformity,clean cup,acidity,and body.展开更多
Sea ice export through the Baffin Bay plays a vital role in modulating the sea ice cover variability in the Labrador Sea.In this study,satellite-derived sea ice products are used to obtain the sea ice area flux(SIAF)t...Sea ice export through the Baffin Bay plays a vital role in modulating the sea ice cover variability in the Labrador Sea.In this study,satellite-derived sea ice products are used to obtain the sea ice area flux(SIAF)through the three passages in the Baffin Bay(referred to as A,B,and C for the north,middle,and south passages,respectively).The spatial variability of the monthly sea ice drift in the Baffin Bay is presented.The interannual variability and trends in SIAF via the three passages are outlined.The connection to several large-scale atmospheric circulation modes is assessed.Over the period of 1988-2015,the average annual(October to the following September)SIAF amounts to 555×10^(3) km^(2),642×10^(3) km^(2),and 551×10^(3) km^(2) through Passages A,B,and C,respectively.These quantities are less than that observed through the Fram Strait(FS,707×10^(3) km^(2))of the corresponding period.The positive trends in annual SIAF,on the order of 53.1×10^(3) km^(2)/(10 a)and 43.2×10^(3) km^(2)/(10 a)(significant at the 95%confidence level),are identified at Passages A and B,respectively.The trend of the south passage(C),however,is slightly negative(-13.3×10^(3) km^(2)/(10 a),not statistically significant).The positive trends in annual SIAF through the Passages A and B are primarily attributable to the significant increases after 2000.The connection between the Baffin Bay sea ice export and the North Atlantic Oscillation is not significant over the studied period.By contrast,the association with the cross-gate sea level pressure difference is robust in the Baffin Bay(R equals 0.69 to 0.71,depending on the passages considered),but relatively weaker than that over FS(R=0.74).展开更多
基金supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Brasil(CNPq)Fundacao de Amparoà Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais(FAPEMIG)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES).
文摘The planted coffee areas in Brazil offer distinct environments and coffee varieties,which help in flavor formation.Another factor contributing to its flavor is the implementation of yeast starters isolated from their environment.The aim was to evaluate the volatile profiles,sensory scores,and attributes of un/blended coffees from 7 regions and a mixture of many areas fermented using the self-induced anaerobiosis fermentation(SIAF)method and inoculated with CCMA0543 Saccharomyces cerevisiae,CCMA0535 Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and CCMA0684 Torulaspora delbrueckii.The SIAF fermentations were performed in 50 L bioreactors.A gas chromatographer-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)was used to evaluate the volatile profiles.The sensory scores and attributes were obtained through the cup test.The yeast CCMA0535 coffees generated more distinctive attributes(coriander,Jasmine flower,mint,red fruit jelly,candy corn,and crystallized orange).The sensory score varied from 86-to 90.25,resulting in high-quality specialty beverages.The O(90.25)and H(90)coffees presented the highest scores.The SIAF fermentations produced high-quality specialty coffees,and the yeasts improved their sweetness,uniformity,clean cup,acidity,and body.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2016YFA0600102,2017YFC1405106,2016YFC1402707,and 2019YFE0114800the General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under contract No.ZR2020MD100+4 种基金the Key Deployment Project of Centre for Ocean Mega Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,under contract No.COMS2020Q12the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42076185 and 41406215the Open Fund for the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.MGE2020KG04the Key R&D Project of Shandong Province under contract No.2019GSF111017the NSFCShandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1606401.
文摘Sea ice export through the Baffin Bay plays a vital role in modulating the sea ice cover variability in the Labrador Sea.In this study,satellite-derived sea ice products are used to obtain the sea ice area flux(SIAF)through the three passages in the Baffin Bay(referred to as A,B,and C for the north,middle,and south passages,respectively).The spatial variability of the monthly sea ice drift in the Baffin Bay is presented.The interannual variability and trends in SIAF via the three passages are outlined.The connection to several large-scale atmospheric circulation modes is assessed.Over the period of 1988-2015,the average annual(October to the following September)SIAF amounts to 555×10^(3) km^(2),642×10^(3) km^(2),and 551×10^(3) km^(2) through Passages A,B,and C,respectively.These quantities are less than that observed through the Fram Strait(FS,707×10^(3) km^(2))of the corresponding period.The positive trends in annual SIAF,on the order of 53.1×10^(3) km^(2)/(10 a)and 43.2×10^(3) km^(2)/(10 a)(significant at the 95%confidence level),are identified at Passages A and B,respectively.The trend of the south passage(C),however,is slightly negative(-13.3×10^(3) km^(2)/(10 a),not statistically significant).The positive trends in annual SIAF through the Passages A and B are primarily attributable to the significant increases after 2000.The connection between the Baffin Bay sea ice export and the North Atlantic Oscillation is not significant over the studied period.By contrast,the association with the cross-gate sea level pressure difference is robust in the Baffin Bay(R equals 0.69 to 0.71,depending on the passages considered),but relatively weaker than that over FS(R=0.74).
