Shandong province,located in the Lower Yellow River,is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization.However,the comprehensive genetic histories of this region have remained largely unknown until now due to a...Shandong province,located in the Lower Yellow River,is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization.However,the comprehensive genetic histories of this region have remained largely unknown until now due to a lack of ancient human genomes.Here,we present 21 ancient genomes from Shandong dating from the Warring States period to the Northern Dynasties.Unlike the early Neolithic samples from Shandong,the historical samples are most closely related to post-Late Neolithic populations of the Middle Yellow River Basin,suggesting a population turnover in Shandong from the Neolithic Age to the Historical era.In addition,we detect a close genetic affinity between the historical samples in Shandong and present-day Han Chinese,showing long-term genetic stability in Han Chinese,at least since the Warring States period.展开更多
Changes in production-living-ecological spaces(PLES) profoundly affect the global carbon cycle, further challenging socio-ecological system sustainability. However, the impacts of PLES changes on carbon balance have b...Changes in production-living-ecological spaces(PLES) profoundly affect the global carbon cycle, further challenging socio-ecological system sustainability. However, the impacts of PLES changes on carbon balance have been insufficiently discussed under a spatial heterogeneity perspective, resulting in an inadequate understanding of green development. This paper quantified the dynamics of PLES using the transfer matrix method and assessed the carbon balance computed by the ecological support coefficient of carbon emissions(ESC) in Shandong province from 2000 to 2020. The impacts of PLES changes on ESC were further investigated using a geographically weighted regression model. On this basis, carbon balance zones were delineated through cluster analysis. The results indicated that both production and ecological spaces decreased while the living space increased during 2000-2020. Carbon emissions increased and its sequestration decreased. As a result, ESC initially increased and then decreased, exhibiting apparent spatial clustering. The impact of different PLES transfer changes on ESC varies across county sites, with production→living space having the most significant impact on regional ESC and ecology→living space having the most negligible impact. Finally, six types of carbon balance zones were established to reduce carbon emissions. The findings are expected to support policy implementations for reducing carbon emissions and optimizing territorial development through low-carbon land use.展开更多
Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,00...Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths worldwide each year[1].Vaccines are an effective means of preventing influenza.In recent years,China has made progress in vaccine development and immunization strategies.The population is recommended to receive influenza vaccines annually;however,their coverage remain suboptimal[2].The World Health Organization(WHO)highlights that all countries should consider implementing seasonal influenza immunization programs,with priority groups determined based on local epidemiological contexts.In alignment with the Immunization Agenda 2030,the use of seasonal influenza vaccines contributes to strengthening the life course of immunization and serves as a critical component for addressing influenza pandemics,as outlined in the WHO Global Influenza Strategy 2019-2030.展开更多
To investigate the effect of typhoon path translation on storm surge augmentation,the storm surge during Typhoon 1909 Lekima in the East China Sea is simulated using Delft 3D.The model sets up three scenarios to analy...To investigate the effect of typhoon path translation on storm surge augmentation,the storm surge during Typhoon 1909 Lekima in the East China Sea is simulated using Delft 3D.The model sets up three scenarios to analyze the path’s effect on storm surge in the Shandong Peninsula Sea by shifting the typhoon path to the east and west.Results show that the areas of maximum storm surge in each scenario are located on both sides of the typhoon path and shift along with its movement.When the typhoon path shifts eastward,the maximum storm surge intensifies at Zhifu Island station 8 hours earlier.Conversely,a westward shift in the typhoon track leads to a maximum storm surge increase at Shidao Island station 12 hours earlier.Other scenarios exhibit minimal deviation from the original route.Typhoons penetrating deep inland can induce substantial storm surges,with the most extensive surge area situated in the western part of the Shandong Peninsula.展开更多
Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness...Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness and mapped the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness using multiple models.In this study,multi-source data from 2000 to 2020 were utilized to establish the indicator system of agricultural competitiveness;five ecosystem services were quantified using computation models;Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis was used to explore the spatial patterns of agricultural competitiveness and ecosystem services;geographic detector models were applied to investigate the effects and driving mechanisms of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.Shandong Province of China was selected as the case study area.The results demonstrated that:1)there was a significant increase in agricultural competitiveness during the study period,with high levels observed mainly in the east region of the study area.2)The spatial distribution patterns of ecosystem services and agricultural competitiveness primarily exhibited High-High and Low-Low Cluster types.3)Habitat quality emerged as the main driving factor of agricultural competitiveness in 2000 and 2020,while water yield played a substantial role in 2010.4)The coupling of two ecosystem services exerted a greater effect on agricultural competitiveness compared to individual ecosystem service.The innovations of this study are constructing an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,and exploring the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.This study proposed an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,which can be applied in other regions,and explored the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.The findings of this study can serve as valuable insights for policymakers to formulate tailored agricultural development policies that take into account the synergistic effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.展开更多
Since the first discovery of gold deposits on the northeastern margin of the Jiaolai Basin in Shandong Province at the end of the 20^(th) century,seven medium-sized to large/super-large gold deposits have been identif...Since the first discovery of gold deposits on the northeastern margin of the Jiaolai Basin in Shandong Province at the end of the 20^(th) century,seven medium-sized to large/super-large gold deposits have been identified in this region,with cumulative proven gold resources of 223 t.This study reviewed the metallogenic and geochemical characteristics of various gold deposits in this region,examined the sources of their ore-forming fluids and materials,as well as their gold metallogenic epochs and processes,and developed a gold metallogenic model.The gold deposits in this region are governed by both dense fractures and detachment structural systems along basin margins,primarily categorized into the altered rock type and the pyrite-bearing carbonate vein type.The latter type,a recently discovered mineralization type in the Jiaodong Peninsula,enjoys high gold grade,a large scale,and high gold mineral fineness,suggesting considerable prospecting potential.Both types of gold deposits show metallogenic epochs ranging from 116 Ma to 119 Ma.Their ore-forming fluids are identified as a CO_(2)-NaCl-H_(2)O fluid system characterized by moderate to low temperatures,moderate to low salinity,and low density,with the pyrite-bearing carbonate vein-type gold deposits manifesting slightly higher salinity.The C-H-O,S,and Pb isotopes of hydrothermal minerals reveal that the ore-forming fluids and materials are characteristic of crust-mantle mixing.Specifically,they were derived from mantle fluids in the early stages,mixed with stratum water and meteoric water in the later stages for mineralization.The gold metallogenic process is identified as follows:During the Early Cretaceous,the subduction of the Pacific Plate and the destruction of the North China Craton led to asthenospheric upwelling.The resulting fluids,after metasomatizing the enriched mantle,differentiated and evolved into C-H-O ore-bearing fluids,which were then mixed with crustal fluids.The mixed fluids migrated to the shallow crust,where they mingled with stratum water and meteoric water.Then,the fluids underwent unloading and final mineralization in detachment fault tectonic systems on basin margins.Due to differences in mixed crustal materials or the surrounding rocks involved in water-rock interactions,altered rock-and pyrite-bearing carbonate vein-type gold deposits were formed in acidic and alkaline fluid environments,respectively.展开更多
On August 6,2023,a magnitude MW5.5 earthquake struck Pingyuan County,Dezhou City,Shandong Province,China.This event was significant as no large earthquakes had been recorded in the region for over a century,and no act...On August 6,2023,a magnitude MW5.5 earthquake struck Pingyuan County,Dezhou City,Shandong Province,China.This event was significant as no large earthquakes had been recorded in the region for over a century,and no active fault had been previously identified.This study collects 1309 P-wave arrival times and 866 S-wave arrival times from 74 seismic stations less than 200 km to the epicenter to constrain the spatial distribution of the mainshock and its 125 early aftershocks by the double difference earthquake relocation method,and selects 864 P-waveforms from 288 stations located within 800 km of the epicenter to constrain the focal mechanism solution of the mainshock through centroid moment tensor inversion.The relocation and the inversion indicate,the Pingyuan MW5.5 earthquake was caused by a rupture on a buried fault,likely an extensive segment of the Gaotang fault.This buried fault exhibited a dip of approximately 75°to the northwest,with a strike of 222°,similar to the Gaotang fault.The rupture initiated at the depth of 18.6 km and propagated upward and northeastward.However,the ground surface was not broken.The total duration of the rupture was~6.0 s,releasing the scalar moment of 2.5895×1017 N·m,equivalent to MW5.54.The moment rate reached the maximum only 1.4 seconds after the rupture initiation,and the 90%scalar moment was released in the first 4.6 s.In the first 1.4 seconds of the rupture process,the rupture velocity was estimated to be 2.6 km/s,slower than the local S-wave velocity.As the rupture neared its end,the rupture velocity decreased significantly.This study provides valuable insights into the seismic characteristics of the Pingyuan MW5.5 earthquake,shedding light on the previously unidentified buried fault responsible for the seismic activity in the region.Understanding the behavior of such faults is crucial for assessing seismic hazards and enhancing earthquake preparedness in the future.展开更多
Investigation of rarely studied gravel layers found in the loess in Shandong Province,eastern China,reveals the fabric characteristics of two gravel layers(G1,G2)and the sedimentary characteristics of loess at the typ...Investigation of rarely studied gravel layers found in the loess in Shandong Province,eastern China,reveals the fabric characteristics of two gravel layers(G1,G2)and the sedimentary characteristics of loess at the typical and well-preserved Heiyu section(HY),where,to determine the paleoclimatic changes during Marine Isotope Stage 3a.Optically stimulated luminescence dates of the HY formation range from 0.26±0.02 ka to 39.00±2.00 ka.In addition,the ages of G1 and G2 were estimated using the Bayesian model to be 39.60-40.50 and 29.00-29.50 ka.G1 and G2 are mainly composed of fine and medium gravel,both of which were subangular to subrounded limestone,with gravel directions to NE and E.The average flow velocity,average depth,and flood peak flow of G1 are 1.10 m/s,0.49 m,and 37.04 m^(3)/s,respectively,calculated using the flow energy method,whereas those of G2 are 0.98 m/s,0.38 m,and 18.38 m^(3)/s,respectively.Analysis of climate proxy indices show that the sedimentary environment of the gravel and loess in HY might be a regional response to global change.展开更多
Sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) and large-scale operations(LSO) are widely acknowledged strategies for enhancing agricultural performance.However,the existing literature has faced challenges ...Sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) and large-scale operations(LSO) are widely acknowledged strategies for enhancing agricultural performance.However,the existing literature has faced challenges in precisely defining SICLU and constructing comprehensive indicators,which has hindered the exploration of factors influencing LSO within the SICLU framework.To address this gap,we integrated self-efficacy theory into the design of an index framework for evaluating SICLU.We subsequently employed econometric models to analyze the significant factors that impact LSO.Our findings reveal that SICLU can be divided into four key dimensions:intensive management,efficient output,resource conservation,and ecological environment optimization.Furthermore,it is crucial to incorporate belief-based cognitive factors into the index system,as farmers’ understanding of fertilizer and pesticide application significantly influences their willingness to engage in LSO.Moreover,we identify grain market turnover as the most influential factor in promoting LSO,with single-factor contribution rates reaching 70.9% for cultivated land transfer willingness and 62.5% for the total planting areas.Interestingly,unlike irrigation and agricultural machinery inputs,increased labor inputs correspond to larger planting areas for farmers.This trend may be attributed to reduced labor availability because of rural labor migration,whereas the reduction in irrigation and agricultural input is contingent on innovations in production practices and the transfer of cultivated land management rights.Importantly,SICLU dynamically influences LSO,with each index related to SICLU having an optimal range that fosters LSO.These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers,emphasizing farmers as their central focus,with the adjustment of input and output factors as a means to achieve LSO as the ultimate goal.In conclusion,we propose research avenues for further enriching the SICLU framework to ensure that it aligns with the specific characteristics of regional agricultural development.展开更多
In recent years, the trend of people choosing relic and museum tourism during their vacationand leisure time is growing day by day, mainly because it touches people's feelings about historical relicsand cultural h...In recent years, the trend of people choosing relic and museum tourism during their vacationand leisure time is growing day by day, mainly because it touches people's feelings about historical relicsand cultural heritage. The development of relic and museum tourism products is not only the inheritanceof culture and the protection of cultural relics, but also the promotion of tourism consumption under thebackground of cultural tourism integration, which has promoted the development of regional economy.With the relic and museum tourism resources in Shandong Province as the research object, through theanalysis of its resources, market and products, this paper put forward three applicable modes of relic andmuseum tourism product development, including independent development, joint development, and artauthorization, and proposed specific suggestions around the three modes.展开更多
This paper describes how virtual classrooms and out-of-classroom instruction can be used to help students in ideological and political theory courses strengthen their identities and improve the efficiency of their ass...This paper describes how virtual classrooms and out-of-classroom instruction can be used to help students in ideological and political theory courses strengthen their identities and improve the efficiency of their assignments.By using immersive media technology,the course is turned into a form of entertainment,enriched with content,and combined with methods such as digital video editing and manipulation to meet the needs of students in university ideological and political theory courses.Virtual reality technology can create realistic virtual environments created by computers,enabling students to perceive and manipulate a variety of virtual objects,interact with them,and create a sense of immersion in the virtual environment.Research has shown the potential benefits of using immersive media technologies and augmented reality in education.The potential of virtual reality in education has been increasingly emphasized and has been widely researched and applied.展开更多
In this study,90 surface water samples were collected from Shandong Province(SDP)in the dry and wet seasons and analyzed using statistical analysis,hydrochemical methods and water quality index(WQI).The content of mai...In this study,90 surface water samples were collected from Shandong Province(SDP)in the dry and wet seasons and analyzed using statistical analysis,hydrochemical methods and water quality index(WQI).The content of main ions showed seasonal variations,with a higher average value in the dry season than in the wet season.Sampling points exhibiting high contents of the main chemical components were mainly distributed in areas southwest of SDP,north of Weifang,and around Jinan.The saturation index of carbonate minerals was greater than zero,while that of evaporite minerals was less than zero.The hydrochemical characteristics of surface water are mainly dominated by rock weathering as well as cation exchange.In addition,surface water in SDP has significantly been affected by anthropogenic factors.Most of the surface water could be classified as weakly alkaline soft-fresh water,with the hydrochemical types of SO_(4)·Cl-Ca·Mg and SO_(4)·Cl-Na.In terms of WQI,47.88% and 37.88% of the water samples in SDP were classified as poor water in the dry and wet seasons,respectively.On the whole,the water quality is higher in the wet season than in the dry season,and surface water in SDP is generally suitable for agricultural irrigation.展开更多
Promoting the green transformation of agricultural clusters represents an effective strategy to address pressing issues related to agricultural resources and environmental concerns.However,existing literature provides...Promoting the green transformation of agricultural clusters represents an effective strategy to address pressing issues related to agricultural resources and environmental concerns.However,existing literature provides limited insights into the internal mechanisms and pathways for achieving green transformation of agricultural clusters.To address the challenges in international research on the collaborative green transformation of entire agricultural value chains,a theoretical analysis framework is constructed in this study,which is characterized by“point-line-plane three-layer embeddedness and four-force interaction,”positioning green innovation as a pivotal entry point.Through social network analysis,this study examines the processes and mechanisms underlying the collaborative green transformation of agricultural clusters and proposes viable pathways for implementation using the Shouguang vegetable industrial cluster as a case study.The research findings are as follows:(1)The green transformation of agricultural clusters includes the green transformation of cluster behavior actors(point),formation of a green innovation network(line),construction of a green environment(plane),and embedded integration and coordinated transformation of the three.Green innovations generated by leading enterprises,universities,and research institutions serve as the foundation for this transformation,whereas farmers'adoption of these innovations forms the basis,and government policies provide regulatory environment to ensure successful implementation.The transformation is realized through green collaborative innovation and governance,achieving the“three-layer embeddedness.”(2)Under the influence of four driving forces,namely,market-driven mechanisms,environmental regulations,green innovation,and multidimensional proximity,actors at various levels form and embed green innovation networks that are integrated into regional environments through institutional constraints.This results in a“five-in-one”system of collaborative green innovation and governance encompassing enterprises,industries,technologies,institutions,and spatial dimensions,which constitute the internal mechanisms for the green transformation and upgrading of agricultural clusters.(3)Building on the“three-layer and four-force”framework,this study proposes pathways for achieving the green transformation of agricultural clusters,thereby providing theoretical insights and policy recommendations for developing countries to foster green agricultural clusters and enhance their agricultural sectors'international competitiveness.展开更多
Synergistic carbon emission reduction at the urban scale is an inherent requirement for China to realize its carbon emission reduction commitments and promote sustainable and regional synergistic development.Using 16 ...Synergistic carbon emission reduction at the urban scale is an inherent requirement for China to realize its carbon emission reduction commitments and promote sustainable and regional synergistic development.Using 16 prefectural cities in Shandong Province as an example,this study defines and quantifies the regional carbon emission reduction capacity(CERC)based on the synergistic development of carbon emission reduction,environmental protection,and economic growth objectives.The spatial network characteristics of the(CERC)and its drivers were analyzed using social network analysis and quadratic assignment procedure regression methods.The results revealed that the spatial correlation of the CERC among prefectural cities has been increasing over the years.Jinan−Zibo−Qingdao is the center of the network,while the spatial linkage strength in the southwest and northeast of Shandong Province is weak.Geospatial distance and scientific development differences have a significant negative effect on the intensity of spatial association,while differences in economic and informatization developments have a considerable positive impact.Environmental regulatory differences and transportation differences are not significant.This study offers a methodological reference for similar studies in other countries or regions.At the same time,the findings provide a scientific basis for the government to rationally allocate urban resources and promote regional synergistic carbon emission reduction.展开更多
Based on the monthly precipitation data of 116 meteorological stations in Shandong Province during 1970-2021,standardized precipitation index(SPI)was calculated,and the methods of linear fitting,mutation test and Morl...Based on the monthly precipitation data of 116 meteorological stations in Shandong Province during 1970-2021,standardized precipitation index(SPI)was calculated,and the methods of linear fitting,mutation test and Morlet wavelet analysis were used to analyze the change trend and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of SPI index in the past 52 years.The results show that there were more normal years in Shandong Province,and the frequency reached 38.46%.There was severe drought in the 1980s and more wet years after 2003.SPI index showed an upward trend in spring,summer and winter but a weak arid trend in autumn.In addition,intense dry weather was more frequent in summer.Spatially,the climate was normal or humid in most areas of Shandong Province.The regions with more wet years were located in the central and northeast Shandong and the peninsula,while the climate was normal in the southwest and north of Shandong.The areas with more dry years were mainly located in the northwest of Shandong Province.There was mainly local and global drought in Shandong Province,and the arid area showed a decreasing trend.In the past 52 years,Shandong Province experienced quasi-4 times of alternation between dry and wet climate.The long period of 21 a was the first main period,and the climate would be still wet in Shandong Province in the future.In terms of mutation,the climate in Shandong Province became humid after 2003,and 2003 was the mutation point.After the abrupt change,the climate changed from gradually drying to wetting.展开更多
Shandong is a significant province for foreign trade in China;however,it still faces shortcomings in the development of its service trade,as outlined below.Firstly,the scale of service trade is limited.Shandong’s ser...Shandong is a significant province for foreign trade in China;however,it still faces shortcomings in the development of its service trade,as outlined below.Firstly,the scale of service trade is limited.Shandong’s service trade volume ranked sixth in China in 2022,lagging considerably behind Shanghai,Guangdong,Beijing,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu.Secondly,the proportion of service trade in Shandong compared to the overall national services trade volume falls below the national average,with the per capita scale even lower than the national average.Thirdly,Shandong’s service trade accounts for less than 10% of the province’s foreign trade,which is 3 percentage points below the national average.The insufficient development of Shandong’s service trade is mainly attributed to the weak performance of its own service industry and the limited scale of attracting foreign services investment.Accelerating the development of producer services in Shandong,promoting the intelligent upgrading of consumer services,and continuously promoting reform and opening up in the service sector will be conducive to achieving high-quality development of services trade in Shandong.展开更多
To evaluate scientifically the change of photosynthetic and thermal potential productivity caused by climate variation,based on comparison with mean of previous 30 years(1971-2000),the change of total solar radiation,...To evaluate scientifically the change of photosynthetic and thermal potential productivity caused by climate variation,based on comparison with mean of previous 30 years(1971-2000),the change of total solar radiation,sunshine hours,photosynthetic active radiation,photosynthetic and thermal potential productivity since 2001 were analyzed through data of radiation,sunshine and temperature in Shandong Province from 1971 to 2007,and the change trend was also tested by Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical met...展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production. [Method] Impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production was investigate...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production. [Method] Impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production was investigated based on path analysis by using data from 200 counties and cities in Shandong Province and Henan Province in 2000 and 2008. [Result] Off-farm employment of agricultural labor affects grain production through agricultural land use patterns, off-farm employment of agricultural labor has negative impacts on grain production through multiple cropping index and positive impacts through the proportion of grain planting area. The positive impacts were greater in 2008. [Conclusion] Prerequisite of the positive impacts of off-farm employment on grain production is the substitution of agricultural mechanization development and agricultural technology advancement for agricultural labor. Orderly land circulation and scale land use should be promoted to avoid the lack of agricultural labor due to off-farm employment.展开更多
We drew on data of daily average temperature,average maximum temperature,average minimum temperature and precipitation from 78 meteorological stations during 1961-2008 of Shandong Province,analyzed the variation of ex...We drew on data of daily average temperature,average maximum temperature,average minimum temperature and precipitation from 78 meteorological stations during 1961-2008 of Shandong Province,analyzed the variation of extreme temperature and precipitation events.The results showed that although extreme cold days decreased by 0.23 d/a on average,after the average temperature steadily passed 10 ℃ in spring,it would still appear 1-2 days of frost,wheat and fruit trees would still suffer frozen injury every year in the central Shandong and the inland of Shandong Peninsula.Although the number of annual extreme hot days has an increasing trend obviously in Shandong and increased by 0.19 days a year.After 2000,aimed at the days of daily maximum temperature ≥ 35 ℃,the mean value and standard deviation of daily maximum temperature in summer decreased comparing with the normal year in West Shandong,and decreased by 1-3 days.In recent 50 years,the extreme precipitation trend increased,but not statistically significant.The number of light rain days has a decreasing trend and decreased by 0.17 days every year,in contrast,the frequency of downpour has an increasing trend.展开更多
Based on geological characteristic of Mi River Wetland Park in Linqu of Shandong,the paper had illustrated historical and cultural spirits of Linqu,and then proposed planning strategies and contents of Mi River Wetlan...Based on geological characteristic of Mi River Wetland Park in Linqu of Shandong,the paper had illustrated historical and cultural spirits of Linqu,and then proposed planning strategies and contents of Mi River Wetland Park.It discussed new approaches for wetland restoration and landscape construction from the perspectives of ecological restoration of wetland system,overall construction of leisure system,and full display of regional characteristic.The construction of wetland system laid stress on water system design,terrain treatment,vegetation construction,and biological diversity creation.Wetland system would be overlaid with leisure system,divided into wetland leisure zone,wetland entertainment zone,humanity landscape zone,wetland science popular zone and wetland experience zone,all of which would be constructed with characteristic respectively.On the basis of site character,the paper had searched an energy balance and substance transformation method between rivers,plants,earth and humans,of certain practicality.展开更多
基金funded by the Shandong Province Humanities and Social Sciences Project“Sorting and Research on Human Bones of Han Dynasty Excavated from the Medical Center Cemetery in Linzi”granted to Zhigang Wu(2022-JCLS-12)the National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFC3303701-02)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270667)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2023J06013)the Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China granted to Chuan-Chao Wang(21&ZD285)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at Fudan University(No.SKLGE-2310)Open Research Fund of Forensic Genetics Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security(2023FGKFKT07)Major Special Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education(2022JZDZ023).
文摘Shandong province,located in the Lower Yellow River,is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization.However,the comprehensive genetic histories of this region have remained largely unknown until now due to a lack of ancient human genomes.Here,we present 21 ancient genomes from Shandong dating from the Warring States period to the Northern Dynasties.Unlike the early Neolithic samples from Shandong,the historical samples are most closely related to post-Late Neolithic populations of the Middle Yellow River Basin,suggesting a population turnover in Shandong from the Neolithic Age to the Historical era.In addition,we detect a close genetic affinity between the historical samples in Shandong and present-day Han Chinese,showing long-term genetic stability in Han Chinese,at least since the Warring States period.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42101282Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China,No.2024AFB952Open Fund of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation,No.30010235-45012。
文摘Changes in production-living-ecological spaces(PLES) profoundly affect the global carbon cycle, further challenging socio-ecological system sustainability. However, the impacts of PLES changes on carbon balance have been insufficiently discussed under a spatial heterogeneity perspective, resulting in an inadequate understanding of green development. This paper quantified the dynamics of PLES using the transfer matrix method and assessed the carbon balance computed by the ecological support coefficient of carbon emissions(ESC) in Shandong province from 2000 to 2020. The impacts of PLES changes on ESC were further investigated using a geographically weighted regression model. On this basis, carbon balance zones were delineated through cluster analysis. The results indicated that both production and ecological spaces decreased while the living space increased during 2000-2020. Carbon emissions increased and its sequestration decreased. As a result, ESC initially increased and then decreased, exhibiting apparent spatial clustering. The impact of different PLES transfer changes on ESC varies across county sites, with production→living space having the most significant impact on regional ESC and ecology→living space having the most negligible impact. Finally, six types of carbon balance zones were established to reduce carbon emissions. The findings are expected to support policy implementations for reducing carbon emissions and optimizing territorial development through low-carbon land use.
基金supported by the Chinese Association of Preventive Medicine-Vaccine and Immunization Youth Talent Support Project(CPMAQT-YM0314)。
文摘Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths worldwide each year[1].Vaccines are an effective means of preventing influenza.In recent years,China has made progress in vaccine development and immunization strategies.The population is recommended to receive influenza vaccines annually;however,their coverage remain suboptimal[2].The World Health Organization(WHO)highlights that all countries should consider implementing seasonal influenza immunization programs,with priority groups determined based on local epidemiological contexts.In alignment with the Immunization Agenda 2030,the use of seasonal influenza vaccines contributes to strengthening the life course of immunization and serves as a critical component for addressing influenza pandemics,as outlined in the WHO Global Influenza Strategy 2019-2030.
基金supported by the Yantai Science,Technology and Innovation Development Programme(Nos.2023 JCYJ094,2023JCYJ097)the Major Research Grant from the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.42330406)。
文摘To investigate the effect of typhoon path translation on storm surge augmentation,the storm surge during Typhoon 1909 Lekima in the East China Sea is simulated using Delft 3D.The model sets up three scenarios to analyze the path’s effect on storm surge in the Shandong Peninsula Sea by shifting the typhoon path to the east and west.Results show that the areas of maximum storm surge in each scenario are located on both sides of the typhoon path and shift along with its movement.When the typhoon path shifts eastward,the maximum storm surge intensifies at Zhifu Island station 8 hours earlier.Conversely,a westward shift in the typhoon track leads to a maximum storm surge increase at Shidao Island station 12 hours earlier.Other scenarios exhibit minimal deviation from the original route.Typhoons penetrating deep inland can induce substantial storm surges,with the most extensive surge area situated in the western part of the Shandong Peninsula.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3204404)。
文摘Quantifying and mapping how ecosystem services impact agricultural competitiveness is crucial for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.However,few study quantified agricultural competitiveness and mapped the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness using multiple models.In this study,multi-source data from 2000 to 2020 were utilized to establish the indicator system of agricultural competitiveness;five ecosystem services were quantified using computation models;Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis was used to explore the spatial patterns of agricultural competitiveness and ecosystem services;geographic detector models were applied to investigate the effects and driving mechanisms of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.Shandong Province of China was selected as the case study area.The results demonstrated that:1)there was a significant increase in agricultural competitiveness during the study period,with high levels observed mainly in the east region of the study area.2)The spatial distribution patterns of ecosystem services and agricultural competitiveness primarily exhibited High-High and Low-Low Cluster types.3)Habitat quality emerged as the main driving factor of agricultural competitiveness in 2000 and 2020,while water yield played a substantial role in 2010.4)The coupling of two ecosystem services exerted a greater effect on agricultural competitiveness compared to individual ecosystem service.The innovations of this study are constructing an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,and exploring the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.This study proposed an indicator system to quantify agricultural competitiveness,which can be applied in other regions,and explored the effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.The findings of this study can serve as valuable insights for policymakers to formulate tailored agricultural development policies that take into account the synergistic effects of ecosystem services on agricultural competitiveness.
基金supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41973048,U2006201)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources(No.GPMR202203)+1 种基金the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2023CXGC011001),the Taishan Scholars.Program(tstp20240847)the Open Project of Shandong Engineering Research Center of Application and Development of Big Data for Deep Gold Exploration(No.SDK202207)。
文摘Since the first discovery of gold deposits on the northeastern margin of the Jiaolai Basin in Shandong Province at the end of the 20^(th) century,seven medium-sized to large/super-large gold deposits have been identified in this region,with cumulative proven gold resources of 223 t.This study reviewed the metallogenic and geochemical characteristics of various gold deposits in this region,examined the sources of their ore-forming fluids and materials,as well as their gold metallogenic epochs and processes,and developed a gold metallogenic model.The gold deposits in this region are governed by both dense fractures and detachment structural systems along basin margins,primarily categorized into the altered rock type and the pyrite-bearing carbonate vein type.The latter type,a recently discovered mineralization type in the Jiaodong Peninsula,enjoys high gold grade,a large scale,and high gold mineral fineness,suggesting considerable prospecting potential.Both types of gold deposits show metallogenic epochs ranging from 116 Ma to 119 Ma.Their ore-forming fluids are identified as a CO_(2)-NaCl-H_(2)O fluid system characterized by moderate to low temperatures,moderate to low salinity,and low density,with the pyrite-bearing carbonate vein-type gold deposits manifesting slightly higher salinity.The C-H-O,S,and Pb isotopes of hydrothermal minerals reveal that the ore-forming fluids and materials are characteristic of crust-mantle mixing.Specifically,they were derived from mantle fluids in the early stages,mixed with stratum water and meteoric water in the later stages for mineralization.The gold metallogenic process is identified as follows:During the Early Cretaceous,the subduction of the Pacific Plate and the destruction of the North China Craton led to asthenospheric upwelling.The resulting fluids,after metasomatizing the enriched mantle,differentiated and evolved into C-H-O ore-bearing fluids,which were then mixed with crustal fluids.The mixed fluids migrated to the shallow crust,where they mingled with stratum water and meteoric water.Then,the fluids underwent unloading and final mineralization in detachment fault tectonic systems on basin margins.Due to differences in mixed crustal materials or the surrounding rocks involved in water-rock interactions,altered rock-and pyrite-bearing carbonate vein-type gold deposits were formed in acidic and alkaline fluid environments,respectively.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42104043,42374081,and U2039208)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration(No.DQJB22R35).
文摘On August 6,2023,a magnitude MW5.5 earthquake struck Pingyuan County,Dezhou City,Shandong Province,China.This event was significant as no large earthquakes had been recorded in the region for over a century,and no active fault had been previously identified.This study collects 1309 P-wave arrival times and 866 S-wave arrival times from 74 seismic stations less than 200 km to the epicenter to constrain the spatial distribution of the mainshock and its 125 early aftershocks by the double difference earthquake relocation method,and selects 864 P-waveforms from 288 stations located within 800 km of the epicenter to constrain the focal mechanism solution of the mainshock through centroid moment tensor inversion.The relocation and the inversion indicate,the Pingyuan MW5.5 earthquake was caused by a rupture on a buried fault,likely an extensive segment of the Gaotang fault.This buried fault exhibited a dip of approximately 75°to the northwest,with a strike of 222°,similar to the Gaotang fault.The rupture initiated at the depth of 18.6 km and propagated upward and northeastward.However,the ground surface was not broken.The total duration of the rupture was~6.0 s,releasing the scalar moment of 2.5895×1017 N·m,equivalent to MW5.54.The moment rate reached the maximum only 1.4 seconds after the rupture initiation,and the 90%scalar moment was released in the first 4.6 s.In the first 1.4 seconds of the rupture process,the rupture velocity was estimated to be 2.6 km/s,slower than the local S-wave velocity.As the rupture neared its end,the rupture velocity decreased significantly.This study provides valuable insights into the seismic characteristics of the Pingyuan MW5.5 earthquake,shedding light on the previously unidentified buried fault responsible for the seismic activity in the region.Understanding the behavior of such faults is crucial for assessing seismic hazards and enhancing earthquake preparedness in the future.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41472159,41172160,41371537).
文摘Investigation of rarely studied gravel layers found in the loess in Shandong Province,eastern China,reveals the fabric characteristics of two gravel layers(G1,G2)and the sedimentary characteristics of loess at the typical and well-preserved Heiyu section(HY),where,to determine the paleoclimatic changes during Marine Isotope Stage 3a.Optically stimulated luminescence dates of the HY formation range from 0.26±0.02 ka to 39.00±2.00 ka.In addition,the ages of G1 and G2 were estimated using the Bayesian model to be 39.60-40.50 and 29.00-29.50 ka.G1 and G2 are mainly composed of fine and medium gravel,both of which were subangular to subrounded limestone,with gravel directions to NE and E.The average flow velocity,average depth,and flood peak flow of G1 are 1.10 m/s,0.49 m,and 37.04 m^(3)/s,respectively,calculated using the flow energy method,whereas those of G2 are 0.98 m/s,0.38 m,and 18.38 m^(3)/s,respectively.Analysis of climate proxy indices show that the sedimentary environment of the gravel and loess in HY might be a regional response to global change.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071226,41671176)Taishan Scholars Youth Expert Support Plan of Shandong Province(No.TSQN202306183)。
文摘Sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) and large-scale operations(LSO) are widely acknowledged strategies for enhancing agricultural performance.However,the existing literature has faced challenges in precisely defining SICLU and constructing comprehensive indicators,which has hindered the exploration of factors influencing LSO within the SICLU framework.To address this gap,we integrated self-efficacy theory into the design of an index framework for evaluating SICLU.We subsequently employed econometric models to analyze the significant factors that impact LSO.Our findings reveal that SICLU can be divided into four key dimensions:intensive management,efficient output,resource conservation,and ecological environment optimization.Furthermore,it is crucial to incorporate belief-based cognitive factors into the index system,as farmers’ understanding of fertilizer and pesticide application significantly influences their willingness to engage in LSO.Moreover,we identify grain market turnover as the most influential factor in promoting LSO,with single-factor contribution rates reaching 70.9% for cultivated land transfer willingness and 62.5% for the total planting areas.Interestingly,unlike irrigation and agricultural machinery inputs,increased labor inputs correspond to larger planting areas for farmers.This trend may be attributed to reduced labor availability because of rural labor migration,whereas the reduction in irrigation and agricultural input is contingent on innovations in production practices and the transfer of cultivated land management rights.Importantly,SICLU dynamically influences LSO,with each index related to SICLU having an optimal range that fosters LSO.These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers,emphasizing farmers as their central focus,with the adjustment of input and output factors as a means to achieve LSO as the ultimate goal.In conclusion,we propose research avenues for further enriching the SICLU framework to ensure that it aligns with the specific characteristics of regional agricultural development.
文摘In recent years, the trend of people choosing relic and museum tourism during their vacationand leisure time is growing day by day, mainly because it touches people's feelings about historical relicsand cultural heritage. The development of relic and museum tourism products is not only the inheritanceof culture and the protection of cultural relics, but also the promotion of tourism consumption under thebackground of cultural tourism integration, which has promoted the development of regional economy.With the relic and museum tourism resources in Shandong Province as the research object, through theanalysis of its resources, market and products, this paper put forward three applicable modes of relic andmuseum tourism product development, including independent development, joint development, and artauthorization, and proposed specific suggestions around the three modes.
文摘This paper describes how virtual classrooms and out-of-classroom instruction can be used to help students in ideological and political theory courses strengthen their identities and improve the efficiency of their assignments.By using immersive media technology,the course is turned into a form of entertainment,enriched with content,and combined with methods such as digital video editing and manipulation to meet the needs of students in university ideological and political theory courses.Virtual reality technology can create realistic virtual environments created by computers,enabling students to perceive and manipulate a variety of virtual objects,interact with them,and create a sense of immersion in the virtual environment.Research has shown the potential benefits of using immersive media technologies and augmented reality in education.The potential of virtual reality in education has been increasingly emphasized and has been widely researched and applied.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41772257,41472216)the Research Project of Shandong Province Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources(Nos.KY2018003,KY201933)the Shandong Provincial Geological Environment Exploration Project(2016)No.3。
文摘In this study,90 surface water samples were collected from Shandong Province(SDP)in the dry and wet seasons and analyzed using statistical analysis,hydrochemical methods and water quality index(WQI).The content of main ions showed seasonal variations,with a higher average value in the dry season than in the wet season.Sampling points exhibiting high contents of the main chemical components were mainly distributed in areas southwest of SDP,north of Weifang,and around Jinan.The saturation index of carbonate minerals was greater than zero,while that of evaporite minerals was less than zero.The hydrochemical characteristics of surface water are mainly dominated by rock weathering as well as cation exchange.In addition,surface water in SDP has significantly been affected by anthropogenic factors.Most of the surface water could be classified as weakly alkaline soft-fresh water,with the hydrochemical types of SO_(4)·Cl-Ca·Mg and SO_(4)·Cl-Na.In terms of WQI,47.88% and 37.88% of the water samples in SDP were classified as poor water in the dry and wet seasons,respectively.On the whole,the water quality is higher in the wet season than in the dry season,and surface water in SDP is generally suitable for agricultural irrigation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41971222,No.42371218Henan Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project,No.2023BJJ013Key Research Project of Higher Education Think Tank in Henan Province,No.2022ZKYJ06。
文摘Promoting the green transformation of agricultural clusters represents an effective strategy to address pressing issues related to agricultural resources and environmental concerns.However,existing literature provides limited insights into the internal mechanisms and pathways for achieving green transformation of agricultural clusters.To address the challenges in international research on the collaborative green transformation of entire agricultural value chains,a theoretical analysis framework is constructed in this study,which is characterized by“point-line-plane three-layer embeddedness and four-force interaction,”positioning green innovation as a pivotal entry point.Through social network analysis,this study examines the processes and mechanisms underlying the collaborative green transformation of agricultural clusters and proposes viable pathways for implementation using the Shouguang vegetable industrial cluster as a case study.The research findings are as follows:(1)The green transformation of agricultural clusters includes the green transformation of cluster behavior actors(point),formation of a green innovation network(line),construction of a green environment(plane),and embedded integration and coordinated transformation of the three.Green innovations generated by leading enterprises,universities,and research institutions serve as the foundation for this transformation,whereas farmers'adoption of these innovations forms the basis,and government policies provide regulatory environment to ensure successful implementation.The transformation is realized through green collaborative innovation and governance,achieving the“three-layer embeddedness.”(2)Under the influence of four driving forces,namely,market-driven mechanisms,environmental regulations,green innovation,and multidimensional proximity,actors at various levels form and embed green innovation networks that are integrated into regional environments through institutional constraints.This results in a“five-in-one”system of collaborative green innovation and governance encompassing enterprises,industries,technologies,institutions,and spatial dimensions,which constitute the internal mechanisms for the green transformation and upgrading of agricultural clusters.(3)Building on the“three-layer and four-force”framework,this study proposes pathways for achieving the green transformation of agricultural clusters,thereby providing theoretical insights and policy recommendations for developing countries to foster green agricultural clusters and enhance their agricultural sectors'international competitiveness.
基金supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province [Grant No.2021SFGC0904-05]Shandong Natural Science Foundation [Grant No.ZR2023MD079]+3 种基金Shandong Province Social Science Planning Research Project [Grant No.22CKRJ04]Taishan Scholar Project [Grant No.tsqn202103010]Zaozhuang Science and Technology Bureau [Grant No.2021GH22]the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China [Grant No.2023SFGC0101].
文摘Synergistic carbon emission reduction at the urban scale is an inherent requirement for China to realize its carbon emission reduction commitments and promote sustainable and regional synergistic development.Using 16 prefectural cities in Shandong Province as an example,this study defines and quantifies the regional carbon emission reduction capacity(CERC)based on the synergistic development of carbon emission reduction,environmental protection,and economic growth objectives.The spatial network characteristics of the(CERC)and its drivers were analyzed using social network analysis and quadratic assignment procedure regression methods.The results revealed that the spatial correlation of the CERC among prefectural cities has been increasing over the years.Jinan−Zibo−Qingdao is the center of the network,while the spatial linkage strength in the southwest and northeast of Shandong Province is weak.Geospatial distance and scientific development differences have a significant negative effect on the intensity of spatial association,while differences in economic and informatization developments have a considerable positive impact.Environmental regulatory differences and transportation differences are not significant.This study offers a methodological reference for similar studies in other countries or regions.At the same time,the findings provide a scientific basis for the government to rationally allocate urban resources and promote regional synergistic carbon emission reduction.
基金Supported by the Special Project for the Grass-roots Units of Shandong Meteorological Bureau(2023SDJC14).
文摘Based on the monthly precipitation data of 116 meteorological stations in Shandong Province during 1970-2021,standardized precipitation index(SPI)was calculated,and the methods of linear fitting,mutation test and Morlet wavelet analysis were used to analyze the change trend and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of SPI index in the past 52 years.The results show that there were more normal years in Shandong Province,and the frequency reached 38.46%.There was severe drought in the 1980s and more wet years after 2003.SPI index showed an upward trend in spring,summer and winter but a weak arid trend in autumn.In addition,intense dry weather was more frequent in summer.Spatially,the climate was normal or humid in most areas of Shandong Province.The regions with more wet years were located in the central and northeast Shandong and the peninsula,while the climate was normal in the southwest and north of Shandong.The areas with more dry years were mainly located in the northwest of Shandong Province.There was mainly local and global drought in Shandong Province,and the arid area showed a decreasing trend.In the past 52 years,Shandong Province experienced quasi-4 times of alternation between dry and wet climate.The long period of 21 a was the first main period,and the climate would be still wet in Shandong Province in the future.In terms of mutation,the climate in Shandong Province became humid after 2003,and 2003 was the mutation point.After the abrupt change,the climate changed from gradually drying to wetting.
文摘Shandong is a significant province for foreign trade in China;however,it still faces shortcomings in the development of its service trade,as outlined below.Firstly,the scale of service trade is limited.Shandong’s service trade volume ranked sixth in China in 2022,lagging considerably behind Shanghai,Guangdong,Beijing,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu.Secondly,the proportion of service trade in Shandong compared to the overall national services trade volume falls below the national average,with the per capita scale even lower than the national average.Thirdly,Shandong’s service trade accounts for less than 10% of the province’s foreign trade,which is 3 percentage points below the national average.The insufficient development of Shandong’s service trade is mainly attributed to the weak performance of its own service industry and the limited scale of attracting foreign services investment.Accelerating the development of producer services in Shandong,promoting the intelligent upgrading of consumer services,and continuously promoting reform and opening up in the service sector will be conducive to achieving high-quality development of services trade in Shandong.
基金Supported by Special Project of China Meteorological Administrationon Effects of Climate Change on Solar Energy in East ChinaSpecial fund of Meteorological Science and Technology Services inShandong Province in 2006~~
文摘To evaluate scientifically the change of photosynthetic and thermal potential productivity caused by climate variation,based on comparison with mean of previous 30 years(1971-2000),the change of total solar radiation,sunshine hours,photosynthetic active radiation,photosynthetic and thermal potential productivity since 2001 were analyzed through data of radiation,sunshine and temperature in Shandong Province from 1971 to 2007,and the change trend was also tested by Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical met...
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production. [Method] Impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production was investigated based on path analysis by using data from 200 counties and cities in Shandong Province and Henan Province in 2000 and 2008. [Result] Off-farm employment of agricultural labor affects grain production through agricultural land use patterns, off-farm employment of agricultural labor has negative impacts on grain production through multiple cropping index and positive impacts through the proportion of grain planting area. The positive impacts were greater in 2008. [Conclusion] Prerequisite of the positive impacts of off-farm employment on grain production is the substitution of agricultural mechanization development and agricultural technology advancement for agricultural labor. Orderly land circulation and scale land use should be promoted to avoid the lack of agricultural labor due to off-farm employment.
文摘We drew on data of daily average temperature,average maximum temperature,average minimum temperature and precipitation from 78 meteorological stations during 1961-2008 of Shandong Province,analyzed the variation of extreme temperature and precipitation events.The results showed that although extreme cold days decreased by 0.23 d/a on average,after the average temperature steadily passed 10 ℃ in spring,it would still appear 1-2 days of frost,wheat and fruit trees would still suffer frozen injury every year in the central Shandong and the inland of Shandong Peninsula.Although the number of annual extreme hot days has an increasing trend obviously in Shandong and increased by 0.19 days a year.After 2000,aimed at the days of daily maximum temperature ≥ 35 ℃,the mean value and standard deviation of daily maximum temperature in summer decreased comparing with the normal year in West Shandong,and decreased by 1-3 days.In recent 50 years,the extreme precipitation trend increased,but not statistically significant.The number of light rain days has a decreasing trend and decreased by 0.17 days every year,in contrast,the frequency of downpour has an increasing trend.
文摘Based on geological characteristic of Mi River Wetland Park in Linqu of Shandong,the paper had illustrated historical and cultural spirits of Linqu,and then proposed planning strategies and contents of Mi River Wetland Park.It discussed new approaches for wetland restoration and landscape construction from the perspectives of ecological restoration of wetland system,overall construction of leisure system,and full display of regional characteristic.The construction of wetland system laid stress on water system design,terrain treatment,vegetation construction,and biological diversity creation.Wetland system would be overlaid with leisure system,divided into wetland leisure zone,wetland entertainment zone,humanity landscape zone,wetland science popular zone and wetland experience zone,all of which would be constructed with characteristic respectively.On the basis of site character,the paper had searched an energy balance and substance transformation method between rivers,plants,earth and humans,of certain practicality.
