Genetic linkage analyses, genome-wide association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms, copy number variation surveys, and mutation screenings found the human chromosomal 12q24 locus, with the genes SH2B3 and AT...Genetic linkage analyses, genome-wide association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms, copy number variation surveys, and mutation screenings found the human chromosomal 12q24 locus, with the genes SH2B3 and ATXN2 in its core, to be associated with an exceptionally wide spectrum of disease susceptibilities. Hematopoietic traits of red and white blood cells(like erythrocytosis and myeloproliferative disease), autoimmune disorders(like type 1 diabetes, coeliac disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, hypothyroidism and vitiligo), also vascular pathology(like kidney glomerular filtration rate deficits, serum urate levels, plasma beta-2-microglobulin levels, retinal microcirculation problems, diastolic and systolic blood pressure and hypertension, cardiovascular infarction), furthermore obesity, neurodegenerative conditions(like the polyglutamine-expansion disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 2, Parkinson's disease, the motor-neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and progressive supranuclear palsy), andfinally longevity were reported. Now it is important to clarify, in which ways the loss or gain of function of the locally encoded proteins SH2B3/LNK and ataxin-2, respectively, contribute to these polygenic health problems. SH2B3/LNK is known to repress the JAK2/ABL1 dependent proliferation of white blood cells. Its null mutations in human and mouse are triggers of autoimmune traits and leukemia(acute lymphoblastic leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia-like), while missense mutations were found in erythrocytosis-1 patients. Ataxin-2 is known to act on RNA-processing and trophic receptor internalization. While its polyglutamine-expansion mediated gain-of-function causes neuronal atrophy in human and mouse, its deletion leads to obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Thus, it is conceivable that the polygenic pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is enhanced by an SH2B3-dysregulation-mediated predisposition to autoimmune diseases that conspires with an ATXN2-deficiency-mediated predisposition to lipid and glucose metabolism pathology.展开更多
Objectives:Glioblastoma(GBM)is a prevalent malignant brain tumor prone to drug resistance.We previously found a strong correlation between SH3 domain GRB2-like endophilin B1(SH3GLB1)and superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),wh...Objectives:Glioblastoma(GBM)is a prevalent malignant brain tumor prone to drug resistance.We previously found a strong correlation between SH3 domain GRB2-like endophilin B1(SH3GLB1)and superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),which converts O_(2) to hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).Prior studies show that H_(2)O_(2) redox signaling is vital for physiological processes and can drive tumor progression.Therefore,we aim to define how H_(2)O_(2) signaling regulates SH3GLB1 and AKT(protein kinase B)pathways in GBM and to assess whether modulating H_(2)O_(2) reverses temozolomide(TMZ)resistance.Methods:We used cultured cells and pharmacological inhibitors and activators to confirm the significance of H_(2)O_(2) signaling.GBM cells were used to verify the role of H_(2)O_(2) signaling in cell state transitions and animal experiments identified optimal treatment strategies.Results:We found that SOD2 acts as an upstream regulator of SH3GLB1.When SOD inhibitors and TMZ were combined,cells showed reduced SH3GLB1 and autophagy levels.SH3GLB1 was found to be regulated by H_(2)O_(2) via AKT signaling using redox homeostasis-regulating experiments.Although treatment-induced changes in mitochondrial H_(2)O_(2) levels mirrored those in the cytosol,parental and resistant cells exhibited divergent fates,highlighting cell-fate plasticity.TMZ combined with a redox modulator reduced resistant tumor cell growth(about 2/3 reduction of tumor size;p<0.05)and suppressed SH3GLB1 and autophagy levels in animal models.The TMZ-induced increase in SH3GLB1 expression was reversed by HgCl2,which inhibited the aquaporin-9/AKT signaling.Conclusion:Overall,these findings underscore the importance of H_(2)O_(2)-SH3GLB1 signaling in GBM and may inform future therapeutic strategies for overcoming TMZ resistance.展开更多
在白血病细胞中普遍存在着Janus激酶(Janus kinase,JAK)-信号传导和转录激活因子(signal transduction and activator of transcription,STAT)信号通路的持续激活,该通路在急性白血病(acute leukemia,AL)中占据了重要地位。JAK2/JAK1基...在白血病细胞中普遍存在着Janus激酶(Janus kinase,JAK)-信号传导和转录激活因子(signal transduction and activator of transcription,STAT)信号通路的持续激活,该通路在急性白血病(acute leukemia,AL)中占据了重要地位。JAK2/JAK1基因突变在急性髓系白血病和急性淋巴细胞白血病中均有发现,并可能对疾病治疗和总体预后存在影响。在STAT家族成员中,STAT3和STAT5被证明是AL的关键影响因素。这些基因突变都可能为AL的治疗提供新靶点与新思路。该文就有关JAK-STAT信号通路及相关基因突变与AL的研究进展作一综述。展开更多
文摘Genetic linkage analyses, genome-wide association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms, copy number variation surveys, and mutation screenings found the human chromosomal 12q24 locus, with the genes SH2B3 and ATXN2 in its core, to be associated with an exceptionally wide spectrum of disease susceptibilities. Hematopoietic traits of red and white blood cells(like erythrocytosis and myeloproliferative disease), autoimmune disorders(like type 1 diabetes, coeliac disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, hypothyroidism and vitiligo), also vascular pathology(like kidney glomerular filtration rate deficits, serum urate levels, plasma beta-2-microglobulin levels, retinal microcirculation problems, diastolic and systolic blood pressure and hypertension, cardiovascular infarction), furthermore obesity, neurodegenerative conditions(like the polyglutamine-expansion disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 2, Parkinson's disease, the motor-neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and progressive supranuclear palsy), andfinally longevity were reported. Now it is important to clarify, in which ways the loss or gain of function of the locally encoded proteins SH2B3/LNK and ataxin-2, respectively, contribute to these polygenic health problems. SH2B3/LNK is known to repress the JAK2/ABL1 dependent proliferation of white blood cells. Its null mutations in human and mouse are triggers of autoimmune traits and leukemia(acute lymphoblastic leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia-like), while missense mutations were found in erythrocytosis-1 patients. Ataxin-2 is known to act on RNA-processing and trophic receptor internalization. While its polyglutamine-expansion mediated gain-of-function causes neuronal atrophy in human and mouse, its deletion leads to obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Thus, it is conceivable that the polygenic pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is enhanced by an SH2B3-dysregulation-mediated predisposition to autoimmune diseases that conspires with an ATXN2-deficiency-mediated predisposition to lipid and glucose metabolism pathology.
基金supported by research grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST 108-2314-B-400-026 and 109-2013-B-400-036)National Science and Technology Council(NSTC 112-2320-B-214-010 and 113-2320-B-214-002)+1 种基金I-Shou University(ISU-112-01-12A,ISU112-S-02 and ISU114-S-04)National Health Research Institutes,Taiwan(CA-111-PP-19).
文摘Objectives:Glioblastoma(GBM)is a prevalent malignant brain tumor prone to drug resistance.We previously found a strong correlation between SH3 domain GRB2-like endophilin B1(SH3GLB1)and superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),which converts O_(2) to hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).Prior studies show that H_(2)O_(2) redox signaling is vital for physiological processes and can drive tumor progression.Therefore,we aim to define how H_(2)O_(2) signaling regulates SH3GLB1 and AKT(protein kinase B)pathways in GBM and to assess whether modulating H_(2)O_(2) reverses temozolomide(TMZ)resistance.Methods:We used cultured cells and pharmacological inhibitors and activators to confirm the significance of H_(2)O_(2) signaling.GBM cells were used to verify the role of H_(2)O_(2) signaling in cell state transitions and animal experiments identified optimal treatment strategies.Results:We found that SOD2 acts as an upstream regulator of SH3GLB1.When SOD inhibitors and TMZ were combined,cells showed reduced SH3GLB1 and autophagy levels.SH3GLB1 was found to be regulated by H_(2)O_(2) via AKT signaling using redox homeostasis-regulating experiments.Although treatment-induced changes in mitochondrial H_(2)O_(2) levels mirrored those in the cytosol,parental and resistant cells exhibited divergent fates,highlighting cell-fate plasticity.TMZ combined with a redox modulator reduced resistant tumor cell growth(about 2/3 reduction of tumor size;p<0.05)and suppressed SH3GLB1 and autophagy levels in animal models.The TMZ-induced increase in SH3GLB1 expression was reversed by HgCl2,which inhibited the aquaporin-9/AKT signaling.Conclusion:Overall,these findings underscore the importance of H_(2)O_(2)-SH3GLB1 signaling in GBM and may inform future therapeutic strategies for overcoming TMZ resistance.
文摘在白血病细胞中普遍存在着Janus激酶(Janus kinase,JAK)-信号传导和转录激活因子(signal transduction and activator of transcription,STAT)信号通路的持续激活,该通路在急性白血病(acute leukemia,AL)中占据了重要地位。JAK2/JAK1基因突变在急性髓系白血病和急性淋巴细胞白血病中均有发现,并可能对疾病治疗和总体预后存在影响。在STAT家族成员中,STAT3和STAT5被证明是AL的关键影响因素。这些基因突变都可能为AL的治疗提供新靶点与新思路。该文就有关JAK-STAT信号通路及相关基因突变与AL的研究进展作一综述。
