Steatotic liver disease(SLD)encompasses a group of disorders characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver.It is classified into four categories based on clinical manifestations:Metabolic dysfunction...Steatotic liver disease(SLD)encompasses a group of disorders characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver.It is classified into four categories based on clinical manifestations:Metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD(MASLD),metabolic-alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD),ALD,and cryptogenic SLD.In the United States,its prevalence stands at 34.2%,making it the most common cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).In addition to factors related to endocrine,nutrition,and medications,several genetic markers have been implicated in the disease's pathogenesis.Notable genes include PNPLA3,TM6SF2,GCKR,MBOAT7 and HSD17B13.These genetic polymorphisms can significantly impact prognosis and disease outcomes.For example,PNPLA3 is the most frequently associated gene with MASLD,increasing the risk of HCC by 12-fold and liver-related mortality by 18-fold.Furthermore,certain genetic markers are more prevalent in specific ethnic groups;for instance,PNPLA3 is common among Hispanics,while TM6SF2 is linked to higher fat content in African Americans.With a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of SLD,significant advancements have been made in diagnostics and therapeutics.This review explores the role of genetic factors in the disease's development,discusses current advancements in non-invasive diagnostic modalities,and examines therapeutic improvements based on these genetic insights to achieve better outcomes.展开更多
柜式气体绝缘开关设备(cubicle gas insulatedswitchgear,C-GIS)由于其全可靠性能高、小型化等特点在电力系统中得到广泛的应用。但由于C-GIS开关柜的主要绝缘介质SF6气体具有较强的温室效应,且其成本较高,迫切需要减少或不用SF6气体。...柜式气体绝缘开关设备(cubicle gas insulatedswitchgear,C-GIS)由于其全可靠性能高、小型化等特点在电力系统中得到广泛的应用。但由于C-GIS开关柜的主要绝缘介质SF6气体具有较强的温室效应,且其成本较高,迫切需要减少或不用SF6气体。针对C-GIS开关柜较低的气压条件,探讨SF6混合气体替代SF6的可行性。采用圆形平板电极模拟均匀场,研究均匀场、较低气压(0.1~0.25 MPa)下SF6与N2、CO2两种气体的二元混合气体在不同配比、不同电压形式(工频和负极性雷电冲击)作用下的击穿特性。试验结果表明,气压在0.25 MPa以下时,适当增大SF6混合气体的压强可以使其达到纯SF6相同的绝缘强度,为新型C-GIS开关柜的设计制造提供了关键的试验依据。展开更多
CO_2和CF_4气体物理化学性能稳定,液化温度低,灭弧能力强,作为潜在的SF_6替代气体引起了广泛的关注。断路器开断故障电弧过程中的喷口压力特性对气体灭弧性能和断路器结构的优化设计等都具有重要意义。为此基于一台126 k V压气式断路器...CO_2和CF_4气体物理化学性能稳定,液化温度低,灭弧能力强,作为潜在的SF_6替代气体引起了广泛的关注。断路器开断故障电弧过程中的喷口压力特性对气体灭弧性能和断路器结构的优化设计等都具有重要意义。为此基于一台126 k V压气式断路器模型,通过实验研究了不同体积分数混合比例下SF_6-CO_2和SF_6-CF_4混合气体中灭弧室喷口压力的变化特性。结果表明,SF_6-CF_4混合气体的喷口监测点压力增幅Δppeak和电流零点时刻的压力增量ΔpCZ均明显高于SF_6-CO_2混合气体,气吹电弧作用更强;两种混合气体测量点处的压力增幅Δppeak均随SF_6体积分数增加而增大,SF_6-CO_2混合气体电流零点处的压力增量ΔpCZ随SF_6体积分数增加也明显增大,而SF_6-CF_4混合气体ΔpCZ的变化较小;此外,喷口压力的建立情况对断路器热开断能力有较为重要的作用。展开更多
文摘Steatotic liver disease(SLD)encompasses a group of disorders characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver.It is classified into four categories based on clinical manifestations:Metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD(MASLD),metabolic-alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD),ALD,and cryptogenic SLD.In the United States,its prevalence stands at 34.2%,making it the most common cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).In addition to factors related to endocrine,nutrition,and medications,several genetic markers have been implicated in the disease's pathogenesis.Notable genes include PNPLA3,TM6SF2,GCKR,MBOAT7 and HSD17B13.These genetic polymorphisms can significantly impact prognosis and disease outcomes.For example,PNPLA3 is the most frequently associated gene with MASLD,increasing the risk of HCC by 12-fold and liver-related mortality by 18-fold.Furthermore,certain genetic markers are more prevalent in specific ethnic groups;for instance,PNPLA3 is common among Hispanics,while TM6SF2 is linked to higher fat content in African Americans.With a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of SLD,significant advancements have been made in diagnostics and therapeutics.This review explores the role of genetic factors in the disease's development,discusses current advancements in non-invasive diagnostic modalities,and examines therapeutic improvements based on these genetic insights to achieve better outcomes.
文摘柜式气体绝缘开关设备(cubicle gas insulatedswitchgear,C-GIS)由于其全可靠性能高、小型化等特点在电力系统中得到广泛的应用。但由于C-GIS开关柜的主要绝缘介质SF6气体具有较强的温室效应,且其成本较高,迫切需要减少或不用SF6气体。针对C-GIS开关柜较低的气压条件,探讨SF6混合气体替代SF6的可行性。采用圆形平板电极模拟均匀场,研究均匀场、较低气压(0.1~0.25 MPa)下SF6与N2、CO2两种气体的二元混合气体在不同配比、不同电压形式(工频和负极性雷电冲击)作用下的击穿特性。试验结果表明,气压在0.25 MPa以下时,适当增大SF6混合气体的压强可以使其达到纯SF6相同的绝缘强度,为新型C-GIS开关柜的设计制造提供了关键的试验依据。
文摘CO_2和CF_4气体物理化学性能稳定,液化温度低,灭弧能力强,作为潜在的SF_6替代气体引起了广泛的关注。断路器开断故障电弧过程中的喷口压力特性对气体灭弧性能和断路器结构的优化设计等都具有重要意义。为此基于一台126 k V压气式断路器模型,通过实验研究了不同体积分数混合比例下SF_6-CO_2和SF_6-CF_4混合气体中灭弧室喷口压力的变化特性。结果表明,SF_6-CF_4混合气体的喷口监测点压力增幅Δppeak和电流零点时刻的压力增量ΔpCZ均明显高于SF_6-CO_2混合气体,气吹电弧作用更强;两种混合气体测量点处的压力增幅Δppeak均随SF_6体积分数增加而增大,SF_6-CO_2混合气体电流零点处的压力增量ΔpCZ随SF_6体积分数增加也明显增大,而SF_6-CF_4混合气体ΔpCZ的变化较小;此外,喷口压力的建立情况对断路器热开断能力有较为重要的作用。
