Background: Smoking is considered to be risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The present study aimed to reveal whether quit smoking improves GERD symptoms and QOL of patients. Methods: In this prosp...Background: Smoking is considered to be risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The present study aimed to reveal whether quit smoking improves GERD symptoms and QOL of patients. Methods: In this prospective study, 33 patients who participated in a 12-week quit smoking program filled out the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG) questionnaire, and SF8 QOL questionnaire. Patients filled out the questionnaires at baseline and during the program at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks. In the FSSG, the responses were scored and the reflux score (RS), dysmotility score (DS) and total score (TS) were calculated. Results: There were 22 males and 11 females. Their mean age was 54.8 ± 13.0 (mean ± SD) yr, BMI was 22.9 ± 4.0, and duration of smoking was 33.5 ± 12.5 years. Ten patients belonged to GERD subgroup (baselineFSSGscore ≥ 8). All patients were successful at quit smoking. Scores of TS/RS/DS are 8.6 ± 1.8 (mean ± SE)/4.2 ± 0.9/4.5 ± 0.9 at baseline, 4.7 ± 1.6**/2.5 ± 0.9**/2.3 ± 0.7** at 2 w, 5.7 ± 1.3**/2.6 ± 0.6*/3.0 ± 0.7* at 4 w, 4.5 ± 1.4*/2.2 ± 0.8*/2.3 ± 0.8* at 8 w and 3.7 ± 1.2**/1.7 ± 0.6**/2.0 ± 0.7** at 12 w, respectively (**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 vs. baseline). Among GERD subgroup, Scores of TS/RS/DS are 18.0 ± 2.9/8.9 ± 1.6/9.1 ± 1.5 at baseline, 8.8 ± 3.0/5.1 ± 1.7/3.7 ± 1.6 at 2 w, 10.8 ± 2.9/5.4 ± 1.6/5.4 ± 1.5 at 4 w, 7.6 ± 2.9*/4.1 ± 1.6/3.5 ± 1.5* at 8 w and 7.1 ± 2.9*/3.2 ± 1.6*/3.9 ± 1.5* at 12w, respectively. Regarding QOL, physical component score has significantly improved at 2, 4, 8 and 12 w and mental component score at 4w, respectively. Conclusions: Quit smoking significantly improved not only GERD symptoms but also QOL, indicating that quit smoking might be an option in the treatment strategy of GERD symptoms.展开更多
An improved Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the motion of electrons in c-C4F8 and SF6 gas mixtures for pulsed townsend discharge. The electron swarm parameters such as effective ionization coefficient, -↑α a...An improved Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the motion of electrons in c-C4F8 and SF6 gas mixtures for pulsed townsend discharge. The electron swarm parameters such as effective ionization coefficient, -↑α and drift velocity over the E/N range from 280～700 Td（1Td=10^-21 V·m^2） were calculated by employing a set of cross sections available in literature. From the variation cure of -↑α with SF6 partial pressure p, the limiting field （E/N）lim of gas mixture at different gas content was determined. It is found that the limiting field of c-C4F8 and SF6 gas mixture is higher than that of pure SF6 at any SF6 mixture ratio. Simulation results show excellent agreement with experiment data available in previous literature.展开更多
文摘Background: Smoking is considered to be risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The present study aimed to reveal whether quit smoking improves GERD symptoms and QOL of patients. Methods: In this prospective study, 33 patients who participated in a 12-week quit smoking program filled out the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG) questionnaire, and SF8 QOL questionnaire. Patients filled out the questionnaires at baseline and during the program at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks. In the FSSG, the responses were scored and the reflux score (RS), dysmotility score (DS) and total score (TS) were calculated. Results: There were 22 males and 11 females. Their mean age was 54.8 ± 13.0 (mean ± SD) yr, BMI was 22.9 ± 4.0, and duration of smoking was 33.5 ± 12.5 years. Ten patients belonged to GERD subgroup (baselineFSSGscore ≥ 8). All patients were successful at quit smoking. Scores of TS/RS/DS are 8.6 ± 1.8 (mean ± SE)/4.2 ± 0.9/4.5 ± 0.9 at baseline, 4.7 ± 1.6**/2.5 ± 0.9**/2.3 ± 0.7** at 2 w, 5.7 ± 1.3**/2.6 ± 0.6*/3.0 ± 0.7* at 4 w, 4.5 ± 1.4*/2.2 ± 0.8*/2.3 ± 0.8* at 8 w and 3.7 ± 1.2**/1.7 ± 0.6**/2.0 ± 0.7** at 12 w, respectively (**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 vs. baseline). Among GERD subgroup, Scores of TS/RS/DS are 18.0 ± 2.9/8.9 ± 1.6/9.1 ± 1.5 at baseline, 8.8 ± 3.0/5.1 ± 1.7/3.7 ± 1.6 at 2 w, 10.8 ± 2.9/5.4 ± 1.6/5.4 ± 1.5 at 4 w, 7.6 ± 2.9*/4.1 ± 1.6/3.5 ± 1.5* at 8 w and 7.1 ± 2.9*/3.2 ± 1.6*/3.9 ± 1.5* at 12w, respectively. Regarding QOL, physical component score has significantly improved at 2, 4, 8 and 12 w and mental component score at 4w, respectively. Conclusions: Quit smoking significantly improved not only GERD symptoms but also QOL, indicating that quit smoking might be an option in the treatment strategy of GERD symptoms.
基金Supported by the Tai'an City Science and Technology Planning Program(No.2017NS0156)the High-School Scientific Research Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2016J16LL57)the Natural Scientific Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2014CL011)~~
文摘An improved Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the motion of electrons in c-C4F8 and SF6 gas mixtures for pulsed townsend discharge. The electron swarm parameters such as effective ionization coefficient, -↑α and drift velocity over the E/N range from 280～700 Td（1Td=10^-21 V·m^2） were calculated by employing a set of cross sections available in literature. From the variation cure of -↑α with SF6 partial pressure p, the limiting field （E/N）lim of gas mixture at different gas content was determined. It is found that the limiting field of c-C4F8 and SF6 gas mixture is higher than that of pure SF6 at any SF6 mixture ratio. Simulation results show excellent agreement with experiment data available in previous literature.
