It has been found in recent years that using setpoint temperatures based on adaptive thermal comfort models is a successful method of energy conservation.Recent studies using adaptive setpoint temperatures incorporate...It has been found in recent years that using setpoint temperatures based on adaptive thermal comfort models is a successful method of energy conservation.Recent studies using adaptive setpoint temperatures incorporate international models from ASHRAE Standard 55 and EN16798-1.This study,however,has instead considered a regional Brazilian adaptive comfort model.This study investigates the energy demand arising from the use of a local Brazilian comfort model in order to assess the energy implications from the use of the worldwide ASHRAE Standard 55 adaptive model and various fixed setpoint temperatures.All of Brazil’s climate zones,full air-conditioning,mixed-mode building operating modes,present-day climate change scenarios,and future scenarios—specifically Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP)2.6,4.5,and 8.5 for the years 2050 and 2100—have all been taken into account in building energy simulations.The use of adaptive setpoint temperatures based on the Brazilian local model considering mixed-mode has been found to significantly reduce energy consumption when compared to static setpoint temperatures(average energy-saving values ranging from 52%to 58%)and the ASHRAE 55 adaptive model(average values ranging from 15%to 21%).Considering climate change and the mixed-mode Brazilian model,the overall energy demand for the three groups of climatic zones(annual average outdoor temperatures≤21℃,>21 and≤25℃and>25℃)ranged between 2%decrease and 5%increase,4%and 27%increase,and 13%and 45%increase,respectively.It is concluded as a consequence that setting setpoint temperatures based on the Brazilian local adaptive comfort model is a very efficient energy-saving method.展开更多
随着数字控制技术的发展,核电机组中基于模拟量的传统仪控系统逐步被全数字化技术代替,采用更复杂高效的先进控制技术成为了可能。目前虽然已有采用先进控制算法提升压水堆电厂控制系统性能的研究,但大多只关注控制系统本身而未能充分...随着数字控制技术的发展,核电机组中基于模拟量的传统仪控系统逐步被全数字化技术代替,采用更复杂高效的先进控制技术成为了可能。目前虽然已有采用先进控制算法提升压水堆电厂控制系统性能的研究,但大多只关注控制系统本身而未能充分考虑多个控制系统之间的耦合。为了从顶层协调多个控制系统提升整体控制性能,本文提出了基于粒子群优化的压水堆控制系统设定值决策方法,构建了设定值优化所需的决策目标函数及决策优化运行约束条件,建立的智能决策系统基于压水堆实际运行过程进行设定值离线优化,根据运行工况进行在线智能决策,为底层控制系统提供控制目标的方向和幅度。随后以压水堆核电厂运行中的典型过程为例进行了仿真实验,并与稳态运行时的传统设定值方案进行对比,结果显示:基于粒子群优化的设定值决策方法获得的冷却剂平均温度、稳压器液位、稳压器压力和蒸汽发生器液位的ITSE(Integral of Time multiplied by the Square Error)指标分别降低了58.9%、67.7%、99.9%和83.3%,峰值指标分别下降了62.4%、3.0%、100%和66.3%。表明本文所提出的智能决策方案可以有效减小系统的ITSE指标和峰值指标,提升了压水堆电厂控制系统的整体控制性能和安全裕量。展开更多
控制器性能会受到执行器饱和现象的影响,为了准确评价系统在出现执行器饱和时的跟踪性能,研究了饱和条件下基于内模法(internal model control,IMC)的跟踪性能基准PI控制器的设计问题。当被控对象可近似为一阶带滞后(first order plus d...控制器性能会受到执行器饱和现象的影响,为了准确评价系统在出现执行器饱和时的跟踪性能,研究了饱和条件下基于内模法(internal model control,IMC)的跟踪性能基准PI控制器的设计问题。当被控对象可近似为一阶带滞后(first order plus dead time,FOPDT)模型时,选取绝对误差积分(integral absolute error,IAE)为控制器性能评价指标,给出了IAE指标与控制器参数的关系。通过分析闭环传递函数的时域特性,建立控制器输出最大值与控制器参数的解析关系,可直接根据解析关系式选取饱和情形下基准IMC-PI控制器的参数。仿真证明所提方法较其他抗饱和方法更为简洁且跟踪效果更好。展开更多
基金This study was funded by the Urban Innovative Actions initiative(European Commission),under the research project UIA04-212 Energy Poverty Intelligence Unit(EPIU),the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation,under the research project PID2021-122437OA-I00“Positive Energy Buildings Potential for Climate Change Adaptation and Energy Poverty Mitigation(+ENERPOT)”the Andalusian Ministry of Development,Articulation of the Territory and Housing,under the research project US.22-02“Implicaciones en la mitigación del cambio climático y de la pobreza energética mediante nuevo modelo de confort adaptativo para viviendas sociales(ImplicAdapt)”.The authors also acknowledge the support provided by the Thematic Network 722RT0135“Red Iberoamericana de Pobreza Energética y Bienestar Ambiental(RIPEBA)”financed by the call for Thematic Networks of the CYTED Program for 2021.
文摘It has been found in recent years that using setpoint temperatures based on adaptive thermal comfort models is a successful method of energy conservation.Recent studies using adaptive setpoint temperatures incorporate international models from ASHRAE Standard 55 and EN16798-1.This study,however,has instead considered a regional Brazilian adaptive comfort model.This study investigates the energy demand arising from the use of a local Brazilian comfort model in order to assess the energy implications from the use of the worldwide ASHRAE Standard 55 adaptive model and various fixed setpoint temperatures.All of Brazil’s climate zones,full air-conditioning,mixed-mode building operating modes,present-day climate change scenarios,and future scenarios—specifically Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP)2.6,4.5,and 8.5 for the years 2050 and 2100—have all been taken into account in building energy simulations.The use of adaptive setpoint temperatures based on the Brazilian local model considering mixed-mode has been found to significantly reduce energy consumption when compared to static setpoint temperatures(average energy-saving values ranging from 52%to 58%)and the ASHRAE 55 adaptive model(average values ranging from 15%to 21%).Considering climate change and the mixed-mode Brazilian model,the overall energy demand for the three groups of climatic zones(annual average outdoor temperatures≤21℃,>21 and≤25℃and>25℃)ranged between 2%decrease and 5%increase,4%and 27%increase,and 13%and 45%increase,respectively.It is concluded as a consequence that setting setpoint temperatures based on the Brazilian local adaptive comfort model is a very efficient energy-saving method.
文摘随着数字控制技术的发展,核电机组中基于模拟量的传统仪控系统逐步被全数字化技术代替,采用更复杂高效的先进控制技术成为了可能。目前虽然已有采用先进控制算法提升压水堆电厂控制系统性能的研究,但大多只关注控制系统本身而未能充分考虑多个控制系统之间的耦合。为了从顶层协调多个控制系统提升整体控制性能,本文提出了基于粒子群优化的压水堆控制系统设定值决策方法,构建了设定值优化所需的决策目标函数及决策优化运行约束条件,建立的智能决策系统基于压水堆实际运行过程进行设定值离线优化,根据运行工况进行在线智能决策,为底层控制系统提供控制目标的方向和幅度。随后以压水堆核电厂运行中的典型过程为例进行了仿真实验,并与稳态运行时的传统设定值方案进行对比,结果显示:基于粒子群优化的设定值决策方法获得的冷却剂平均温度、稳压器液位、稳压器压力和蒸汽发生器液位的ITSE(Integral of Time multiplied by the Square Error)指标分别降低了58.9%、67.7%、99.9%和83.3%,峰值指标分别下降了62.4%、3.0%、100%和66.3%。表明本文所提出的智能决策方案可以有效减小系统的ITSE指标和峰值指标,提升了压水堆电厂控制系统的整体控制性能和安全裕量。
文摘控制器性能会受到执行器饱和现象的影响,为了准确评价系统在出现执行器饱和时的跟踪性能,研究了饱和条件下基于内模法(internal model control,IMC)的跟踪性能基准PI控制器的设计问题。当被控对象可近似为一阶带滞后(first order plus dead time,FOPDT)模型时,选取绝对误差积分(integral absolute error,IAE)为控制器性能评价指标,给出了IAE指标与控制器参数的关系。通过分析闭环传递函数的时域特性,建立控制器输出最大值与控制器参数的解析关系,可直接根据解析关系式选取饱和情形下基准IMC-PI控制器的参数。仿真证明所提方法较其他抗饱和方法更为简洁且跟踪效果更好。
