Context:In irrigated agriculture,the salt stress is a major problem due to accumulation of salt from the irrigation water in the soil layers.Objectives:The aim of this study is to determinate the effect of salinity on...Context:In irrigated agriculture,the salt stress is a major problem due to accumulation of salt from the irrigation water in the soil layers.Objectives:The aim of this study is to determinate the effect of salinity on some agromorphological traits and seed nutritional quality of three sesames(Sesamum indicum L.)varieties.Methodology:This is how four solutions of different NaCl concentrations from 0,60,120 to 240 mM were used to water sesame plants at the five-leaves stage and this for two months in completely randomized device with four repetitions.Results:The results show a negative effect of the salinity growth and yield parameters,mineral elements,ascorbic acid(to 21.4% in White cultivar,28% in Brown and 24.2% in Black cultivar from 0 to 240 mM NaCl),oil(to 22.6%in White cultivar,32% in Brown and 25.5% in Black cultivar from 0 to 240 mM NaCl)and accumulation of Na(Sodium)content(to 11.8% in White cultivar,15.3% in Brown and 12.2% in Black cultivar from 0 to 240 mM NaCl),osmolytes as proteins(to 14.5% in White cultivar,11.5% in Brown and 9.6%in Black cultivar from 0 to 240 mM NaCl)and antioxydants components.Varieties White and Brown were less affected by salinity.Conclusion:White variety exhibited higher adaptive potential under salinity stress when compared to Brown variety(rich in fiber)and closely followed by Black variety.Thus White variety could be recommended for consumer oil,minerals and proteins.As for Black variety,it could be used,as glucid and antioxydants additives in food.展开更多
Sesame is the most widely produced oilseed crop with the highest oil content (45.0%–65.0%) in Asia,Africa.The seed contains a high amount of protein (19%–35%),dietary fiber (15%–20%),carbohydrate (14%–20%),polyuns...Sesame is the most widely produced oilseed crop with the highest oil content (45.0%–65.0%) in Asia,Africa.The seed contains a high amount of protein (19%–35%),dietary fiber (15%–20%),carbohydrate (14%–20%),polyunsaturated fatty acids,and micronutrients.It also contains lignans like sesamol,sesamin,and sesamolin,which protect the oil from oxidative rancidity.The seed also provides seed cake with nutritional value after oil extraction,which is used as a biopolymer in the applications of food packaging,bakery,and confectionary industries,as well as in the preparation of edible and coating films.It can replace commercial expanded polystyrene,which is non-biodegradable in nature.Being the richest source of nutrients,sesame seeds and oilseed cakes have been implemented in different food processing industries.The present review focused on the comprehensive study of biochemical compositions,anti-nutrients,phytochemicals,and antioxidants of sesame seeds and seed cakes and their applications in foods industries.展开更多
Sesame is one of the eight major allergens that cause food allergies.Study of the epitopes of sesame allergens is important for understanding their sensitization mechanisms.Currently,less information is available on t...Sesame is one of the eight major allergens that cause food allergies.Study of the epitopes of sesame allergens is important for understanding their sensitization mechanisms.Currently,less information is available on the epitope studies of sesame allergens.In this study,we analyzed the molecular characteristics,structure and homology of Ses i 3,one of the important sesame allergens.We predicted the B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 using bioinformatics tools and characterized them by slot blot immuno-microarrays technology.Eight peptides as B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 were identified,in addition,key amino acids in these epitopes were predicted and leucine 422 was identified as a key amino acid.The present work will contribute to further understanding of the sesame allergen and provide some help in the prevention and treatment of sesame allergy.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to establish a optimized combination of intercropping and fertilization application technology of intercropping sesame （Sesamum indicum） and peanut（Arachis hypogaea）. [Method] Double...[Objective] The research aimed to establish a optimized combination of intercropping and fertilization application technology of intercropping sesame （Sesamum indicum） and peanut（Arachis hypogaea）. [Method] Double factor randomized block design （2 fertilization methods and 5 ratios） was adopted, with 10 treatments, 3 repeats. There were a total of 30 plots, with plot area of 12.0 m2. Two fertilization methods included C1 [base fertilizer （540 g/plot compound fertilizer ＋ topdressing （90 g urea）] and C2 [all as base fertilizer （540 g/plot compound fertilizer）]. Five different proportions （sesame： peanut） were M1（2∶4）, M2（2∶6）, M3（1∶4）, monoculture sesame （CK1） and monoculture peanut （CK2）, respectively. [Result] Output value and land equivalent ratio （LER） of C1M2 treatment （6 lines peanut/2 lines sesame, base fertilizer 540 g/plot （compound fertilizer） ＋ （topdressing urea 90 g） were the highest of 22 378.68 yuan/hm2 and 1.56 respectively; sesame yield was 641.64 kg/hm2 and peanut yield was 2 506.67 kg/hm2. Output-input ratio was 4.94. The income was increased by 32.32% and 95.97% compared with only planting of peanuts and sesame. [Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for finding the best intercropping combinations of sesame and peanut and rational application fertilizations.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the capsule development at differ-ent positions of sesame （Sesamum indicum）. [Method] The number of flowers and capsules at lower part （below the 8th node from the bottom）, ...[Objective] This study aimed to explore the capsule development at differ-ent positions of sesame （Sesamum indicum）. [Method] The number of flowers and capsules at lower part （below the 8th node from the bottom）, middle part （at 9th-20th nodes from the bottom） and upper part （above the 20th node） of sesame plants （Zhengzhi 98N09） was counted. The length, width, fresh weight of the capsules, fresh and dry weight of the seeds, and the dry weight of the capsule shel s at dif-ferent growth stages were measured. [Result] From the bottom to the top of sesame plants, the numbers of flowers and capsules at each node showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The 15th and the 12th node had the maxi-mum flower number （9.3 flowers per node on average） and the maximum capsule number （4.2 capsules per node on average）, respectively. The middle nodes had the highest capsule setting rate, up to 45.1%, fol owed by that at upper nodes, 30.1%, and the capsule setting rate at lower nodes was the smal est, only 25.0%. The capsule length, width, fresh weight, seed fresh weight, dry weight and capsule shel dry weight at middle part were higher than that at lower and upper part. Moreover, grain fil ing rates of the lower, middle and upper capsules were 0.003 5, 0.004 4 and 0.003 0 g/（capsule·d）. It suggests that the substances gave priority to supply the middle capsules during the development of capsules. [Conclusion] This study wil provide theoretical basis for the cultivation of high-yielding sesame.展开更多
Sesame production is important in agriculture,food industry,and the crop diversity due to its rich nutritional profile and health benefits.Despite its significant value,sesame is still an orphan crop that has received...Sesame production is important in agriculture,food industry,and the crop diversity due to its rich nutritional profile and health benefits.Despite its significant value,sesame is still an orphan crop that has received little scientific attention,resulting in low yield compared to other major oilseed crops.This review offers a comprehensive overview of the present state of production,knowledge,and research advancements concerning Sesamum indicum on a global scale.The FAOSTAT database was extensively used to examine the global trends from 1961 to 2021.In the past 60 years,global sesame production has substantially increased,with Asia and Africa being the primary producers.The integration of omics technologies and biotechnological interventions has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic basis of sesame,enhanced productivity,invigorated stress resilience,and improved seed quality.High-throughput sequencing methods such as RNA-seq,RAD-seq,SLAF-seq,and GBS technology are used in various studies,linkage mapping,and identification of trait-associated markers.Fine linkage maps,and multi-omics studies such as genomics,proteomics,transcriptomics,and metabolomics have been employed in sesame research for gene and QTL mapping.Proteins and metabolic pathways related to oil content,yield,and stress tolerance were reported.Genes and QTLs related to yield and its components,drought,salt,and osmotic stress tolerance were discovered.Candidate genes associated with capsule shattering and seed shattering were recently revealed.For more achievement in sesame,it is important to enhance sesame production efficiency through mechanization,advanced agricultural practices,and knowledge dissemination to farmers.MAS and multi-omics integration should be particularly reinforced.The advancements in sesame production present a significant and promising opportunity for farmers,governments,and stakeholders in the agricultural sector.展开更多
Sesamum indicum has various biological effects,and this study aimed to investigate its hypolipidemic effect.A hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding rats with high-fat diets in this study,then the hyperli...Sesamum indicum has various biological effects,and this study aimed to investigate its hypolipidemic effect.A hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding rats with high-fat diets in this study,then the hyperlipidemia rats were fed with different doses of black and white sesame seeds and black and white sesame kernels.The serum and liver biochemical indicators of the rats were determined,and liver pathology analysis was conducted to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of sesame.The results showed that the blood lipid of SD(Sprague-Dawley)rats fed with high-fat diet for three weeks was higher than 200 mg/d L,indicating that the hyperlipidemia rat model was successfully established.At the same dose,the final body weights of the rats of white sesame seed and kernel groups were higher than those of the black sesame seed and kernel groups;and the weights of the black and white sesame seed groups were lower than those of the black and white sesame kernel groups.The liver indexes of the normal control group and the experimental groups were significantly lower than the model control group(P<0.05),indicating that black and white sesame seed and kernel could reduce the lipid accumulation on the liver.The malondialdehyde(MDA)values of the liver in the normal control group and the experimental groups were significantly lower than that in the model control group(P<0.05).The total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)in the liver of each experimental group were significantly higher than those in the model control group(P<0.05).Based on the above results as well as pathological observation and analysis,we found that the black and white sesame seeds and kernels could improve fatty liver lesions and lipid metabolism disorder and could reduce lipid accumulation on the liver,thereby protecting the liver from damage and reducing the risk of fatty liver.Moreover,black and white sesame seeds,black and white sesame kernels can reduce the levels of total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)in serum,and high dose of black sesame seeds(30%black sesame seeds)and low dose of black sesame kernels(10%black sesame kernels)were more beneficial for the recovery of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.The above results indicated that black and white sesame has hypolipidemic effect.展开更多
Authenticity of blended oil has drawn increasing attentions. In this study, sesamin was selected as marker of sesame oil to verify authentication of blended oil with sesame oil on label. A simple method based on liqui...Authenticity of blended oil has drawn increasing attentions. In this study, sesamin was selected as marker of sesame oil to verify authentication of blended oil with sesame oil on label. A simple method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to detect sesamin. It has high sensitivity with low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) being 20 ng/mL and 70 ng/mL respectively. Recoveries from 80.16% to 102.50% in 4 different oils indicated it’s reliable to quantify sesamin in edible oil. Four blended oils were used as validation samples and results showed this method could effectively detect whether sesame oil exists. In this study, a simple method was proposed for sesamin determination by LC-MS/MS and SPE in edible oils for the first time and provided an effective guide to identify authenticity of blended oils.展开更多
Sesame seeds are a healthy food ingredient and an oil crop for sesame oil production;however,it has recently been recognized as an essential allergenic food by FAO/WHO.This research investigated the relationship betwe...Sesame seeds are a healthy food ingredient and an oil crop for sesame oil production;however,it has recently been recognized as an essential allergenic food by FAO/WHO.This research investigated the relationship between the hot air roasting process(at 120,150,and 180℃ for 10,20,and 30 min)and several quality attributes of sesame seeds since roasting is the key process for preparing sesame seeds for both consumption and oil production.The hot air process followed the central composite design.The changes of sesame in terms of color,sensory properties(odor,texture,color,and taste),allergenicity caused by oleosins(ses i 4 and ses i 5),as well as oil extraction and quality were monitored using a colorimeter,sensory evaluation panelists,ELISA,as well as oil yield and acid value,respectively.Roasting temperature influenced the product quality more than roasting time,although the two processing parameters significantly interacted with each other(P<0.001).Sensory evaluation indicated medium roasting generated attractive flavor,order,appearance,and crispy texture.Allergenicity was high in sesame seeds after high-temperature roasting,according to IgE binding capacity test.Sesame oil extraction was favored by high-temperature roasting,which,however,adversely affected the oil quality.The optimal roasting conditions were 150.5℃ for 15 min for optimized sesame seeds quality in terms of sensory properties and allergenicity,while roasting at 158℃ for 10 min was optimal for sesame oil production.The finding will benefit the sesame seed industry.展开更多
文摘Context:In irrigated agriculture,the salt stress is a major problem due to accumulation of salt from the irrigation water in the soil layers.Objectives:The aim of this study is to determinate the effect of salinity on some agromorphological traits and seed nutritional quality of three sesames(Sesamum indicum L.)varieties.Methodology:This is how four solutions of different NaCl concentrations from 0,60,120 to 240 mM were used to water sesame plants at the five-leaves stage and this for two months in completely randomized device with four repetitions.Results:The results show a negative effect of the salinity growth and yield parameters,mineral elements,ascorbic acid(to 21.4% in White cultivar,28% in Brown and 24.2% in Black cultivar from 0 to 240 mM NaCl),oil(to 22.6%in White cultivar,32% in Brown and 25.5% in Black cultivar from 0 to 240 mM NaCl)and accumulation of Na(Sodium)content(to 11.8% in White cultivar,15.3% in Brown and 12.2% in Black cultivar from 0 to 240 mM NaCl),osmolytes as proteins(to 14.5% in White cultivar,11.5% in Brown and 9.6%in Black cultivar from 0 to 240 mM NaCl)and antioxydants components.Varieties White and Brown were less affected by salinity.Conclusion:White variety exhibited higher adaptive potential under salinity stress when compared to Brown variety(rich in fiber)and closely followed by Black variety.Thus White variety could be recommended for consumer oil,minerals and proteins.As for Black variety,it could be used,as glucid and antioxydants additives in food.
文摘Sesame is the most widely produced oilseed crop with the highest oil content (45.0%–65.0%) in Asia,Africa.The seed contains a high amount of protein (19%–35%),dietary fiber (15%–20%),carbohydrate (14%–20%),polyunsaturated fatty acids,and micronutrients.It also contains lignans like sesamol,sesamin,and sesamolin,which protect the oil from oxidative rancidity.The seed also provides seed cake with nutritional value after oil extraction,which is used as a biopolymer in the applications of food packaging,bakery,and confectionary industries,as well as in the preparation of edible and coating films.It can replace commercial expanded polystyrene,which is non-biodegradable in nature.Being the richest source of nutrients,sesame seeds and oilseed cakes have been implemented in different food processing industries.The present review focused on the comprehensive study of biochemical compositions,anti-nutrients,phytochemicals,and antioxidants of sesame seeds and seed cakes and their applications in foods industries.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Public Research Institutes of Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine(2022JK04).
文摘Sesame is one of the eight major allergens that cause food allergies.Study of the epitopes of sesame allergens is important for understanding their sensitization mechanisms.Currently,less information is available on the epitope studies of sesame allergens.In this study,we analyzed the molecular characteristics,structure and homology of Ses i 3,one of the important sesame allergens.We predicted the B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 using bioinformatics tools and characterized them by slot blot immuno-microarrays technology.Eight peptides as B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 3 were identified,in addition,key amino acids in these epitopes were predicted and leucine 422 was identified as a key amino acid.The present work will contribute to further understanding of the sesame allergen and provide some help in the prevention and treatment of sesame allergy.
基金Supported by Program of Southern Cultivation and Soil Fertilizer Station of National Sesame Industry Technology System(CARS-15-1-09)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to establish a optimized combination of intercropping and fertilization application technology of intercropping sesame （Sesamum indicum） and peanut（Arachis hypogaea）. [Method] Double factor randomized block design （2 fertilization methods and 5 ratios） was adopted, with 10 treatments, 3 repeats. There were a total of 30 plots, with plot area of 12.0 m2. Two fertilization methods included C1 [base fertilizer （540 g/plot compound fertilizer ＋ topdressing （90 g urea）] and C2 [all as base fertilizer （540 g/plot compound fertilizer）]. Five different proportions （sesame： peanut） were M1（2∶4）, M2（2∶6）, M3（1∶4）, monoculture sesame （CK1） and monoculture peanut （CK2）, respectively. [Result] Output value and land equivalent ratio （LER） of C1M2 treatment （6 lines peanut/2 lines sesame, base fertilizer 540 g/plot （compound fertilizer） ＋ （topdressing urea 90 g） were the highest of 22 378.68 yuan/hm2 and 1.56 respectively; sesame yield was 641.64 kg/hm2 and peanut yield was 2 506.67 kg/hm2. Output-input ratio was 4.94. The income was increased by 32.32% and 95.97% compared with only planting of peanuts and sesame. [Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for finding the best intercropping combinations of sesame and peanut and rational application fertilizations.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CAES-15)Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Henan Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences(112106000023)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to explore the capsule development at differ-ent positions of sesame （Sesamum indicum）. [Method] The number of flowers and capsules at lower part （below the 8th node from the bottom）, middle part （at 9th-20th nodes from the bottom） and upper part （above the 20th node） of sesame plants （Zhengzhi 98N09） was counted. The length, width, fresh weight of the capsules, fresh and dry weight of the seeds, and the dry weight of the capsule shel s at dif-ferent growth stages were measured. [Result] From the bottom to the top of sesame plants, the numbers of flowers and capsules at each node showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The 15th and the 12th node had the maxi-mum flower number （9.3 flowers per node on average） and the maximum capsule number （4.2 capsules per node on average）, respectively. The middle nodes had the highest capsule setting rate, up to 45.1%, fol owed by that at upper nodes, 30.1%, and the capsule setting rate at lower nodes was the smal est, only 25.0%. The capsule length, width, fresh weight, seed fresh weight, dry weight and capsule shel dry weight at middle part were higher than that at lower and upper part. Moreover, grain fil ing rates of the lower, middle and upper capsules were 0.003 5, 0.004 4 and 0.003 0 g/（capsule·d）. It suggests that the substances gave priority to supply the middle capsules during the development of capsules. [Conclusion] This study wil provide theoretical basis for the cultivation of high-yielding sesame.
文摘Sesame production is important in agriculture,food industry,and the crop diversity due to its rich nutritional profile and health benefits.Despite its significant value,sesame is still an orphan crop that has received little scientific attention,resulting in low yield compared to other major oilseed crops.This review offers a comprehensive overview of the present state of production,knowledge,and research advancements concerning Sesamum indicum on a global scale.The FAOSTAT database was extensively used to examine the global trends from 1961 to 2021.In the past 60 years,global sesame production has substantially increased,with Asia and Africa being the primary producers.The integration of omics technologies and biotechnological interventions has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic basis of sesame,enhanced productivity,invigorated stress resilience,and improved seed quality.High-throughput sequencing methods such as RNA-seq,RAD-seq,SLAF-seq,and GBS technology are used in various studies,linkage mapping,and identification of trait-associated markers.Fine linkage maps,and multi-omics studies such as genomics,proteomics,transcriptomics,and metabolomics have been employed in sesame research for gene and QTL mapping.Proteins and metabolic pathways related to oil content,yield,and stress tolerance were reported.Genes and QTLs related to yield and its components,drought,salt,and osmotic stress tolerance were discovered.Candidate genes associated with capsule shattering and seed shattering were recently revealed.For more achievement in sesame,it is important to enhance sesame production efficiency through mechanization,advanced agricultural practices,and knowledge dissemination to farmers.MAS and multi-omics integration should be particularly reinforced.The advancements in sesame production present a significant and promising opportunity for farmers,governments,and stakeholders in the agricultural sector.
基金supported by the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(CARS14-1-29)。
文摘Sesamum indicum has various biological effects,and this study aimed to investigate its hypolipidemic effect.A hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding rats with high-fat diets in this study,then the hyperlipidemia rats were fed with different doses of black and white sesame seeds and black and white sesame kernels.The serum and liver biochemical indicators of the rats were determined,and liver pathology analysis was conducted to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of sesame.The results showed that the blood lipid of SD(Sprague-Dawley)rats fed with high-fat diet for three weeks was higher than 200 mg/d L,indicating that the hyperlipidemia rat model was successfully established.At the same dose,the final body weights of the rats of white sesame seed and kernel groups were higher than those of the black sesame seed and kernel groups;and the weights of the black and white sesame seed groups were lower than those of the black and white sesame kernel groups.The liver indexes of the normal control group and the experimental groups were significantly lower than the model control group(P<0.05),indicating that black and white sesame seed and kernel could reduce the lipid accumulation on the liver.The malondialdehyde(MDA)values of the liver in the normal control group and the experimental groups were significantly lower than that in the model control group(P<0.05).The total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)in the liver of each experimental group were significantly higher than those in the model control group(P<0.05).Based on the above results as well as pathological observation and analysis,we found that the black and white sesame seeds and kernels could improve fatty liver lesions and lipid metabolism disorder and could reduce lipid accumulation on the liver,thereby protecting the liver from damage and reducing the risk of fatty liver.Moreover,black and white sesame seeds,black and white sesame kernels can reduce the levels of total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)in serum,and high dose of black sesame seeds(30%black sesame seeds)and low dose of black sesame kernels(10%black sesame kernels)were more beneficial for the recovery of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.The above results indicated that black and white sesame has hypolipidemic effect.
文摘Authenticity of blended oil has drawn increasing attentions. In this study, sesamin was selected as marker of sesame oil to verify authentication of blended oil with sesame oil on label. A simple method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to detect sesamin. It has high sensitivity with low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) being 20 ng/mL and 70 ng/mL respectively. Recoveries from 80.16% to 102.50% in 4 different oils indicated it’s reliable to quantify sesamin in edible oil. Four blended oils were used as validation samples and results showed this method could effectively detect whether sesame oil exists. In this study, a simple method was proposed for sesamin determination by LC-MS/MS and SPE in edible oils for the first time and provided an effective guide to identify authenticity of blended oils.
基金The authors would like to thank for the financial supports from the Anhui Key Research and Development Program,China(No.202104a06020016)Major Special Science and Technology Planning Project of Anhui Province,China(No.202203a06020021,No.202003b06020030,No.201903a06020024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.PA2022GDGP0031).
文摘Sesame seeds are a healthy food ingredient and an oil crop for sesame oil production;however,it has recently been recognized as an essential allergenic food by FAO/WHO.This research investigated the relationship between the hot air roasting process(at 120,150,and 180℃ for 10,20,and 30 min)and several quality attributes of sesame seeds since roasting is the key process for preparing sesame seeds for both consumption and oil production.The hot air process followed the central composite design.The changes of sesame in terms of color,sensory properties(odor,texture,color,and taste),allergenicity caused by oleosins(ses i 4 and ses i 5),as well as oil extraction and quality were monitored using a colorimeter,sensory evaluation panelists,ELISA,as well as oil yield and acid value,respectively.Roasting temperature influenced the product quality more than roasting time,although the two processing parameters significantly interacted with each other(P<0.001).Sensory evaluation indicated medium roasting generated attractive flavor,order,appearance,and crispy texture.Allergenicity was high in sesame seeds after high-temperature roasting,according to IgE binding capacity test.Sesame oil extraction was favored by high-temperature roasting,which,however,adversely affected the oil quality.The optimal roasting conditions were 150.5℃ for 15 min for optimized sesame seeds quality in terms of sensory properties and allergenicity,while roasting at 158℃ for 10 min was optimal for sesame oil production.The finding will benefit the sesame seed industry.
