The imbalance of rural parking supply and demand has a great impact on traffic congestion and environmental pollution,which has attracted the attention of many scholars as well as policymakers.However,most of the curr...The imbalance of rural parking supply and demand has a great impact on traffic congestion and environmental pollution,which has attracted the attention of many scholars as well as policymakers.However,most of the current research on parking choice focuses on urban business and residential areas rather than on rural parking choice behaviour,and focuses on the analysis of observable factors,ignoring the internal relationship with potential variables.This study considers the heterogeneity of individuals and uses the random forest(RF)algorithm to construct a model of rural residents’willingness to choose parking with both latent and explicit variables,to explore how much and in what ways individual characteristics and parking characteristics affect rural residents’parking choices,and to explore parking planning programmes and strategies that are truly applicable to rural areas.The results of the study suggest that the safety and convenience of the parking environment are key factors influencing the parking choice behaviour of rural residents,and can greatly improve the predictive accuracy of the parking willingness model.Upon comparison,it is found that the application of the RF algorithm is also significantly better than the logit model in terms of prediction effect,indicating that there is a nonlinear effect among the factors influencing the parking choice behaviour of rural residents and that the RF model with the addition of latent variables provides a better explanatory ability for the study of the parking choice behaviour of rural residents.展开更多
This paper reports the effects of long- distance and direct argon radio frequency (RF) plasma surface treatment on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films in terms of changes in surface wettability and surface chemistry. The s...This paper reports the effects of long- distance and direct argon radio frequency (RF) plasma surface treatment on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films in terms of changes in surface wettability and surface chemistry. The surface properties are char- acterized by the water contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scan- ning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanism is further analyzed and the role of all kinds of active species, e.g. electrons, ions and free radicals in- volved in plasma surface modification is further evaluated. Results show that the long-distance and direct RF plasma treatments modify the PVC surface in morphology and composition, and both modifica- tions cause surface oxidation of PVC films, in the forming of functional groups enhancing polymer wet- tability. The effect of the long-distance argon RF plasma is more notable. This suggests that long-distance argon RF plasma could restrain the ion and electron eroding effect and enhance free radical reaction.展开更多
基金funded by Social Science Foundation Program of Hebei,China(Grant No.HB22YJ040).
文摘The imbalance of rural parking supply and demand has a great impact on traffic congestion and environmental pollution,which has attracted the attention of many scholars as well as policymakers.However,most of the current research on parking choice focuses on urban business and residential areas rather than on rural parking choice behaviour,and focuses on the analysis of observable factors,ignoring the internal relationship with potential variables.This study considers the heterogeneity of individuals and uses the random forest(RF)algorithm to construct a model of rural residents’willingness to choose parking with both latent and explicit variables,to explore how much and in what ways individual characteristics and parking characteristics affect rural residents’parking choices,and to explore parking planning programmes and strategies that are truly applicable to rural areas.The results of the study suggest that the safety and convenience of the parking environment are key factors influencing the parking choice behaviour of rural residents,and can greatly improve the predictive accuracy of the parking willingness model.Upon comparison,it is found that the application of the RF algorithm is also significantly better than the logit model in terms of prediction effect,indicating that there is a nonlinear effect among the factors influencing the parking choice behaviour of rural residents and that the RF model with the addition of latent variables provides a better explanatory ability for the study of the parking choice behaviour of rural residents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20174030)the specialized research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20010698007)the Scientific Research Star Fund for the Study Abroad Returnee and the Key Scientific Technique Item of Shaanxi Province(2001[345]).
文摘This paper reports the effects of long- distance and direct argon radio frequency (RF) plasma surface treatment on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films in terms of changes in surface wettability and surface chemistry. The surface properties are char- acterized by the water contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scan- ning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanism is further analyzed and the role of all kinds of active species, e.g. electrons, ions and free radicals in- volved in plasma surface modification is further evaluated. Results show that the long-distance and direct RF plasma treatments modify the PVC surface in morphology and composition, and both modifica- tions cause surface oxidation of PVC films, in the forming of functional groups enhancing polymer wet- tability. The effect of the long-distance argon RF plasma is more notable. This suggests that long-distance argon RF plasma could restrain the ion and electron eroding effect and enhance free radical reaction.
