中国南方红壤丘陵区是非常脆弱的生态系统之一,红色荒漠化现象非常严重。本研究以红壤丘陵区典型区域———长沙市为例,首先探讨了SEIM(Soil Erosion Index Model)模型的基本结构以及相对应的各个参数的取值;然后在地理信息系统的支持下...中国南方红壤丘陵区是非常脆弱的生态系统之一,红色荒漠化现象非常严重。本研究以红壤丘陵区典型区域———长沙市为例,首先探讨了SEIM(Soil Erosion Index Model)模型的基本结构以及相对应的各个参数的取值;然后在地理信息系统的支持下,利用SEIM模型,研究了红壤丘陵区的水土流失现状特征及动态变化,并对产生变化的原因进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,SEIM模型的预测结果基本上能够反映红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀现状的总体趋势;而红壤丘陵区水土流失现状研究表明,红壤丘陵区总体的水土流失量较小,轻度和微度侵蚀面积达到95%以上,中度以上侵蚀范围不到5%。红壤丘陵区的动态分析结果表明,从1986年到2000年,红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀程度总体上来讲在逐步减弱,而局部地方,由于人类活动导致的土地利用方式的不合理,土壤侵蚀比较严重。展开更多
Agricultural Best Management Practices （BMPs） are effective ways to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pol ution from their source area to receiving water bodies. Characterization of BMPs in a watershed model is a ...Agricultural Best Management Practices （BMPs） are effective ways to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pol ution from their source area to receiving water bodies. Characterization of BMPs in a watershed model is a critical prerequisite for evaluating their impacts on water quantity and water quality in a complex system. However, limited research has reported about the representation of BMPs in fully distributed models. This paper presents a stepwise procedure for representation of several BMPs and assessment of their hydrologic impacts with a ful y distributed model, SEIM （Spatially Explicit Integrated Modeling）. A case study is conducted in the 73 km2 Luoyugou watershed located in the Loess Plateau of China, where rainstorm erosion accounts for more than 60%of annual sediment load in average. Three BMPs are selected in this study including （i） conversion from farmland to forest, （i ） terrace, and （i i） no-til farming. These management practices are represented in the model through the alteration of model parameters characterizing their physical processes in the ifeld. The results of scenario assessment for a historical storm event showed that the maximum sediment reduction after terrace is about 97.3%, the average sediment reduction after no-till farming is about 9.5%, and the average sediment reduction after conversion from farmland to forest is 75.6%.展开更多
In this paper we present a class of nondifferentiable optimization problems: seim-infinite minimax problems which arise from engineering design. Two algorithms for solving the problems are constructed by combining the...In this paper we present a class of nondifferentiable optimization problems: seim-infinite minimax problems which arise from engineering design. Two algorithms for solving the problems are constructed by combining the idea of discretion with the method for solving minimax problems, and the convergence of the algorithms is proved under weaker conditions. Numerical tests show that the algorithms are practical and effective.展开更多
文摘中国南方红壤丘陵区是非常脆弱的生态系统之一,红色荒漠化现象非常严重。本研究以红壤丘陵区典型区域———长沙市为例,首先探讨了SEIM(Soil Erosion Index Model)模型的基本结构以及相对应的各个参数的取值;然后在地理信息系统的支持下,利用SEIM模型,研究了红壤丘陵区的水土流失现状特征及动态变化,并对产生变化的原因进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,SEIM模型的预测结果基本上能够反映红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀现状的总体趋势;而红壤丘陵区水土流失现状研究表明,红壤丘陵区总体的水土流失量较小,轻度和微度侵蚀面积达到95%以上,中度以上侵蚀范围不到5%。红壤丘陵区的动态分析结果表明,从1986年到2000年,红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀程度总体上来讲在逐步减弱,而局部地方,由于人类活动导致的土地利用方式的不合理,土壤侵蚀比较严重。
基金the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2013ZX07103006-005)the National Science and Technology Support Program(No.2013BAC08B03-4)
文摘Agricultural Best Management Practices （BMPs） are effective ways to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pol ution from their source area to receiving water bodies. Characterization of BMPs in a watershed model is a critical prerequisite for evaluating their impacts on water quantity and water quality in a complex system. However, limited research has reported about the representation of BMPs in fully distributed models. This paper presents a stepwise procedure for representation of several BMPs and assessment of their hydrologic impacts with a ful y distributed model, SEIM （Spatially Explicit Integrated Modeling）. A case study is conducted in the 73 km2 Luoyugou watershed located in the Loess Plateau of China, where rainstorm erosion accounts for more than 60%of annual sediment load in average. Three BMPs are selected in this study including （i） conversion from farmland to forest, （i ） terrace, and （i i） no-til farming. These management practices are represented in the model through the alteration of model parameters characterizing their physical processes in the ifeld. The results of scenario assessment for a historical storm event showed that the maximum sediment reduction after terrace is about 97.3%, the average sediment reduction after no-till farming is about 9.5%, and the average sediment reduction after conversion from farmland to forest is 75.6%.
文摘In this paper we present a class of nondifferentiable optimization problems: seim-infinite minimax problems which arise from engineering design. Two algorithms for solving the problems are constructed by combining the idea of discretion with the method for solving minimax problems, and the convergence of the algorithms is proved under weaker conditions. Numerical tests show that the algorithms are practical and effective.
