[Objective] The research aimed to discuss shallowly the application of L-band sounding seconds data in the artificial precipitation. [Method] The characteristics, getting manner and displaying method of L-band soundin...[Objective] The research aimed to discuss shallowly the application of L-band sounding seconds data in the artificial precipitation. [Method] The characteristics, getting manner and displaying method of L-band sounding seconds data were introduced briefly. Moreover, its application prospect in the artificial precipitation operation was analyzed initially. We aimed to improve its application rate in the artificial precipitation operation. [Result] L-band sounding seconds data had the great improvement in the time-space resolution and the space positioning accuracy aspects when compared with the previous sounding data, and the precision reached the second level. It could provide the high-precision data basis for the assimilation of artificial precipitation numerical model initial field, and improve the numerical model. Moreover, the sounding product could provide the accurate scientific basis for the selection of artificial precipitation operation tool, the determination of operation height and range, and guide the artificial precipitation operation, and improve the operation efficiency. [Conclusion] The research provided the analysis and reference basis for the command of artificial precipitation operation.展开更多
When microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)fails,a redo procedure may be the only option for patients who want a biological child.However,there are many gaps of knowledge surrounding the procedure,whi...When microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)fails,a redo procedure may be the only option for patients who want a biological child.However,there are many gaps of knowledge surrounding the procedure,which need to be addressed to help clinicians and patients make informed decisions.This review explores redo micro-TESE in the context of nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA).Literature was searched using Google Scholar,Medline,and PubMed.Search terms were“NOA”AND“second microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“redo microdissection testicles sperm extraction”AND“repeat microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“failed microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“salvage microdissection testicular sperm extractions”.Only original articles in English were included.A total of nine articles were included,consisting of four retrospective and five prospective studies.The time gap between the first and second micro-TESE varied from 6 months to 24 months.Most of the included studies reported successful surgical sperm retrieval(SSR)in the second micro-TESE in the range of 10%–21%,except in one study where it reached 42%.It has not been presented any definitive information about the use of hormonal treatment or the benefit of varicocelectomy prior to the second micro-TESE.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and Klinefelter syndrome(KS)had the highest chance of success in redo surgery.In conclusion,redo micro-TESE following a negative procedure can lead to sperm recovery in 10%–21%.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and KS have a higher chance of success.There is no enough evidence to conclude which is the best hormonal stimulation if any before a redo surgery.展开更多
The mechanism of strength and toughness variation in Ti microalloyed steel within the range of 0.04–0.157 wt.%was investigated.By adding 0.13 wt.%Ti,the steel achieves higher strength while maintaining a certain leve...The mechanism of strength and toughness variation in Ti microalloyed steel within the range of 0.04–0.157 wt.%was investigated.By adding 0.13 wt.%Ti,the steel achieves higher strength while maintaining a certain level of elongation and low-temperature impact toughness.With increasing Ti content,the grain size in the steel decreased from 17.7 to 8.9μm.This decrease in grain size is accompanied by an increase in the percentage of low-angle grain boundaries and dislocations,which act as barriers to hinder crack propagation.The Ti microalloyed steel exhibits a 20%increase in yield strength and a 14%increase in tensile strength.The transformation of steel plasticity occurs when the Ti content exceeds 0.102 wt.%.The low-temperature impact toughness of the steel gradually decreases with increasing Ti content.At low Ti content,the low-temperature impact toughness is reduced due to crack initiation by large-size inclusions.At high Ti content,the low-temperature impact toughness of the steel deteriorates due to several factors.These include the narrower tough–brittle transition zone,grain boundary embrittlement caused by small-sized grains,and the decrease in the solid solution strengthening effect.展开更多
二语写作是二语习得研究领域的重要组成部分。运用CiteSpace软件对近十年发表在Journal of Second Language Writing的231篇实证研究论文进行可视化分析,研究发现:二语写作研究整体呈波动性上升趋势,研究规模较为稳定,研究关注度逐渐提...二语写作是二语习得研究领域的重要组成部分。运用CiteSpace软件对近十年发表在Journal of Second Language Writing的231篇实证研究论文进行可视化分析,研究发现:二语写作研究整体呈波动性上升趋势,研究规模较为稳定,研究关注度逐渐提升;二语写作研究领域暂未形成明显的核心作者和机构的合作网络;研究主题主要聚焦二语写作教学方法的多元化、二语写作反馈的多焦点、二语写作评估与测试的科学化,以及学习者个体差异的多维影响等方面。基于此,提出未来该领域发展需加强学者、机构之间的相互合作;关注个体学习者写作过程的认知特征与情感因素,尤其重视青少年二语学习过程的研究;扩大二语写作纵向研究规模,推动研究的深入发展。展开更多
Fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay(LFA)has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid screening of various biomarkers owing to its simplicity,sensitivity and flexibility.It is noteworthy that fluorescent probe mainly det...Fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay(LFA)has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid screening of various biomarkers owing to its simplicity,sensitivity and flexibility.It is noteworthy that fluorescent probe mainly determines the analytical performance of LFA.Due to the emission and excitation wavelengths are located in the visible region,most fluorophores are inevitably subject to light scattering and background autofluorescence.Herein,we reported a novel LFA sensor based on the second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)fluorescent probe with excellent anti-interference capability.The designed NIR-Ⅱprobe was the Nd^(3+)and Yb^(3+)doped rare earth nanoparticles(RENPs)by employing Nd^(3+)as energy donor and Yb^(3+)as energy acceptor,which of the donor-acceptor energy transfer(ET)efficiency reached up to 80.7%.Meanwhile,relying on the convenient and effective encapsulation strategy of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres to RENPs,the surface functionalized NIR-Ⅱprobe(RE@PLGA)was obtained for subsequent bioconjugation.Benefiting from the optical advantages of NIR-Ⅱprobe,this proposed NIR-ⅡLFA displayed a good linear relationship ranging from 7 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL for the detection ofα-fetoprotein(AFP),an important biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The limit of detection(LOD)was determined as low as 3.0 ng/m L,which was of 8.3 times lower than clinical cutoff value.It is promising that LFA sensor based on this efficient RENPs probe provides new opportunities for high sensitive detection of various biomarkers in biological samples.展开更多
The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue a...The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue autofluorescence—establishing its pivotal role for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging.With exponential growth in NIR-II photodiagnosis and phototherapy research over the past decade,bibliometric analy⁃sis is essential to map the evolving landscape and guide strategic priorities.We systematically analyzed 2,491 NIR-II-related publications(2009-2023)from the Web of Science Core Collection,employing scientometric tools for distinct analytical purposes:(a)VOSviewer,SCImago Graphica,and Gephi for co-authorship and co-occur⁃rence network mapping;(b)the R bibliometrix package for tracking field evolution and identifying high-impact publications/journals.The search retrieved 2491 studies from 359 journals originating from 54 countries.The country with the most published articles is China.Chinese institutions drive>60%of publications,with Stanford University(USA)and Nanyang Technological University(Singapore)ranked as the top two institutions by re⁃search quality.International cooperation is becoming increasingly frequent.Fan Quli,Tang Benzhong and Dai Hongjie are the top 3 productive authors in this field.Keyword evolution identifies"photodynamic therapy"and"immunotherapy"as pivotal future directions.We summarize the most cited literatures and NIR-II imaging clini⁃cal trials.This study delineates the NIR-II research trajectory,highlighting China's leadership,intensifying glob⁃al collaboration,and interdisciplinary convergence.Future efforts should prioritize the novel NIR-II probe devel⁃opment for NIR-II imaging and clinical translation of photodynamic/immunotherapy combinational platforms.展开更多
The generation of optical vortices from nonlinear photonic crystals(NPCs)with spatially modulated second-order nonlinearity offers a promising approach to extend the working wavelength and topological charge of vortex...The generation of optical vortices from nonlinear photonic crystals(NPCs)with spatially modulated second-order nonlinearity offers a promising approach to extend the working wavelength and topological charge of vortex beams for various applications.In this work,the second harmonic(SH)optical vortex beams generated from nonlinear fork gratings under Gaussian beam illumination are numerically investigated.The far-field intensity and phase distributions,as well as the orbital angular momentum(OAM)spectra of the SH beams,are analyzed for different structural topological charges and diffraction orders.Results reveal that higher-order diffraction and larger structural topological charges lead to angular interference patterns and non-uniform intensity distributions,deviating from the standard vortex profile.To optimize the SH vortex quality,the effects of the fundamental wave beam waist,crystal thickness,and grating duty cycle are explored.It is shown that increasing the beam waist can effectively suppress diffraction order interference and improve the beam’s quality.This study provides theoretical guidance for enhancing the performance of nonlinear optical devices based on NPCs.展开更多
Higher-order band topology not only enriches our understanding of topological phases but also unveils pioneering lower-dimensional boundary states,which harbors substantial potential for next-generation device applica...Higher-order band topology not only enriches our understanding of topological phases but also unveils pioneering lower-dimensional boundary states,which harbors substantial potential for next-generation device applications.The distinct electronic configurations and tunable attributes of two-dimensional materials position them as a quintessential platform for the realization of second-order topological insulators(SOTIs).This article provides an overview of the research progress in SOTIs within the field of two-dimensional electronic materials,focusing on the characterization of higher-order topological properties and the numerous candidate materials proposed in theoretical studies.These endeavors not only enhance our understanding of higher-order topological states but also highlight potential material systems that could be experimentally realized.展开更多
Microstructure and corrosion resistance of an as-cast Mg-14Li-8Zn(in wt.%,LZ148)alloy subjected to solid solution treatment(T4)and aging treatment(T6)were investigated.The results revealed that the large eutectic MgLi...Microstructure and corrosion resistance of an as-cast Mg-14Li-8Zn(in wt.%,LZ148)alloy subjected to solid solution treatment(T4)and aging treatment(T6)were investigated.The results revealed that the large eutectic MgLi_(2)Zn(θ’)phase formed in as-cast LZ148 alloy were completely dissolved intoβ-Li matrix after T4 treatment,and meanwhile nanoθ’phase could be rapidly precipitated in T4 sample,and then theθ’nanoprecipitates transformed into MgLiZn(θ)phase with a moderate size after T6 treatment.The as-cast sample presented the worst corrosion resistance due to the occurrence of strong micro-galvanic effect between the cathodic eutecticθ’phase and anodicβ-Li matrix.After T4 treatment,the corrosion resistance of as-cast LZ148 alloy was dramatically improved,which was primarily ascribed to the trivial micro-galvanic effect due to the absence of noble eutecticθ’phase.In addition,the dispersed MgLi2Zn nano-precipitates and/or the homogenized distribution of alloying elements in matrix were also beneficial for the improved corrosion resistance of T4 sample.Furthermore,the lower local strain energy in the matrix of T4 sample could also contribute to the excellent corrosion resistance.However,the precipitatedθphases in T6 sample were detrimental to further improve corrosion performance due to the reactivated micro-galvanic effect.At last,the main compositions of surface film on the three samples were also revealed in detail,attributing to the different corrosion resistance of three samples as well.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the improvement effect of combined treatment of eschar abrasion, nanosilver dressing, and mussel mucin spray on wound healing in patients with second-degree burns, and to explore their effects o...Objective: To evaluate the improvement effect of combined treatment of eschar abrasion, nanosilver dressing, and mussel mucin spray on wound healing in patients with second-degree burns, and to explore their effects on the expression level of (advanced glycation end products) AGEs in wound tissue, so as to provide a basis for the application of AGEs expression level in wound tissue in the future clinical treatment of second-degree burns. Methods: Patients with second-degree burns admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the research subjects. This study was a non-double-blind study, and both patients and researchers were aware of the treatment methods. They were randomly divided into Group A (control group) and Group B (study group). According to the order of their visits, the patients were numbered in advance;then the seed number was taken, and 70 random numbers were generated on the computer using SAS, the first 35 corresponding to group A, and the last 35 corresponding to group B;the random numbers were arranged from small to large, and the rank of the random numbers was the patient number;finally, the patient numbers were arranged from small to large, and the corresponding groups were the grouping scheme. 1) Wound healing time: The wound healing was observed every day, and the wound healing time was calculated when the wound was completely epithelialized. 2) Wound healing: The wound healing area was measured 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment, and transparent paper was used to record combined with a computer-assisted imaging system. Wound healing rate = wound healing area (cm2)/total wound area before treatment (cm2) × 100%. The time for complete wound healing was recorded in the two groups of patients. 3) Pain: The pain was evaluated at 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The higher the score, the more severe the pain. 4) Scar condition: Scar formation was evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after wound healing using the VAS scale, with a total score of 15 points. The higher the score, the more severe the scar. 5) Detect the expression of AGEs in wound tissue. Results: The wound healed 14.03 ± 2.28 days after eschar removal, with a cure rate of 97.8%. No infection occurred in the wound after eschar removal in all patients. The wound healing time ranged from 9 to 23 days, with an average healing time of 28.41 ± 1.45 days. The healing quality was satisfactory. The Vancouver Scar Scale scored the wound healing scar as 0.81 ± 0.73 points. Western blot was used to detect the expression of AGEs, (receptor for advanced glycation end products) RAGE, and protein in the wound tissue. Results After 7, 14, and 28 days of medication, the wounds of diabetic patients healed well. The drug treatment efficacy and hydroxyproline content showed an upward trend, and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1a proteins showed a downward trend. Compared with day 0, the hydroxyproline content of the wound granulation tissue on days 7, 14, and 28 was significantly increased (P< 0.01), and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1α proteins were significantly downregulated (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). Conclusion: Monitoring the expression levels of AGEs and RAGE can reflect the wound-healing effect of patients with second-degree burns, and the prognosis of the wound is closely related to the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and scab abrasion. In the treatment of second-degree burn wounds, scab abrasion can grasp the level of necrotic scab removal, can achieve “relatively accurate” removal of necrotic tissue, maximally protect the ecological tissue between wounds and retaining normal tissue, and can play a positive role in promoting the healing process of burn wounds;at the same time, nanosilver dressings have good antibacterial properties and high safety, and mussel mucin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and the characteristics of blocking nerve endings, which can effectively relieve the burning, stinging, and itching of sensitive skin and effectively promote wound healing.展开更多
Increasing the hole expansion ratio is significant for developing high formability parts.Hole expansion tests were carried out on low carbon hot-rolled steel containing 0.11%Ti,0.072%Ti–0.03%Nb and 0.097%Ti–0.059%Nb...Increasing the hole expansion ratio is significant for developing high formability parts.Hole expansion tests were carried out on low carbon hot-rolled steel containing 0.11%Ti,0.072%Ti–0.03%Nb and 0.097%Ti–0.059%Nb,respectively.The effects of microstructure,texture,crack propagation behavior and second phase precipitation behavior on hole expansion ratio were investigated.The precipitation behavior of TiC and(Ti,Nb)C in austenite and ferrite in three groups of steel samples was calculated theoretically.The results showed that the hole expansion ratios of 0.11Ti,0.072Ti–0.03Nb and 0.097Ti–0.059Nb test steels were 51.73%,51.17%and 66.24%following simulated coiling at 600℃,respectively.The microstructure was mainly polygonal ferrite with a small amount of pearlite.The grain refinement of 0.097Ti–0.059Nb test steel and the low texture ratio of{110}//ND improved the hole expansion ratio.The low overall hole expansion ratio was due to the microstructure inhomogeneity.The microstructure uniformity was improved by the quenching and tempering treatment,and the hole expansion ratio of the three test steels was greatly increased.The fastest precipitation temperatures in the austenitic region of 0.11Ti,0.072Ti–0.03Nb and 0.097Ti–0.059Nb test steels were 880,860 and 830℃,while those in the ferrite region were 680,675 and 675℃,respectively.The addition of Nb element increased the volume free energy,so that the critical core size of the nucleation on the dislocation line increased,resulting in the decrease in the fastest precipitation temperature.展开更多
Vietnam's manufacturing and processing companies areop timistic about business prospects in the second quarter(Q2)of this year,according to a recent survey by the National Statis-tics Office(Gso).The results of th...Vietnam's manufacturing and processing companies areop timistic about business prospects in the second quarter(Q2)of this year,according to a recent survey by the National Statis-tics Office(Gso).The results of the survey indicate that 45.8%of bustnesses anticipate improved business performance in Q22025 compared to Ql while 39.2%expect stability and l5%foresee encountering more difficulties ahead.展开更多
Anxiety,motivation,and strategy have long been seen as critical in second language acquisition.This study presents a systematic review of the literature on these variables in terms of their relationship with one anoth...Anxiety,motivation,and strategy have long been seen as critical in second language acquisition.This study presents a systematic review of the literature on these variables in terms of their relationship with one another,their effects on learning outcomes,and how they are affected by technology-assisted tools in the teaching of Chinese as a second language.This study includes 24 articles for the review study based on the criteria and process of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol(PRISMA-P)and the clustering techniques of VOSviewer.It is found that 1)anxiety,motivation,and strategy were interrelated,that is,motivation was negatively associated with anxiety but positively related to strategy,while strategy could positively predict anxiety;2)anxiety could both positively and negatively affect learning outcomes,while motivation and strategy could both positively and insignificantly influence learning outcomes;3)the technology-assisted tools used in the classroom could both positively and negatively affect the levels of these variables and learning outcomes in the L2 Chinese context.The need to explore more complicated relationships between language-specific individual variables themselves and other possible factors that affect these variables,such as cultural ones,are also discussed for future research.展开更多
Collagen characterization is crucial for disease diagnostics,prevention,and understanding,with growing focus on quantitative analysis at tissue and fibril levels.Numerous models have been developed to quantify structu...Collagen characterization is crucial for disease diagnostics,prevention,and understanding,with growing focus on quantitative analysis at tissue and fibril levels.Numerous models have been developed to quantify structural changes in collagen linked to various pathologies.However,many approaches remain limited to conceptual descriptions or rely on custom software,often requiring programming skills,which re-stricts their clinical application and potential impact.We introduce CollagenFitJ,a plugin for the open-source software platform ImageJ/FIJI,which represents a widely used microscopy image analysis tool.CollagenFitJ makes use of the cylindrical symmetry model for collagen to enable facile quantitative assessment of polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy image stacks.The plugin’s main outputs are collagen structure-related maps(e.g.,orientation and anisotropy of collagen fibrils within the focal volume),which can be accompanied by distribution and randomness maps for a series of structure-related parameters.We describe and validate the use of CollagenFitJ on images acquired on rat-tail tendons,collagen capsules surrounding human thyroid nodules,and mouse colon tumors,using both scanning and widefield second harmonic generation microscopy datasets.The plugin was designed to be user-friendly,requiring little to no experience in image processing and coding to facilitate access for life scientists,medical staff,and microscopy practitioners with limited coding skills or time availability required for coding.展开更多
In this paper,an image processing algorithm which is able to synthesize material textures of arbitrary shapes is proposed.The presented approach uses an arbitrary image to construct a structure layer of the material.T...In this paper,an image processing algorithm which is able to synthesize material textures of arbitrary shapes is proposed.The presented approach uses an arbitrary image to construct a structure layer of the material.The resulting structure layer is then used to constrain the material texture synthesis.The field of second-moment matrices is used to represent the structure layer.Many tests with various constraint images are conducted to ensure that the proposed approach accurately reproduces the visual aspects of the input material sample.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to accurately synthesize arbitrary-shaped material textures while respecting the local characteristics of the exemplar.This paves the way toward the synthesis of 3D material textures of arbitrary shapes from 2D material samples,which has a wide application range in virtual material design and materials characterization.展开更多
Objectives A systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor,providing evidence-based ins...Objectives A systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor,providing evidence-based insights for obstetric institutions to guide interventions related to childbirth positions.Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,Embase,Wanfang Databases,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases(CNKI),China Science and Technology Journal Database(CSTJ),and China Biology Medicine disc(CBMdisc)to identify studies on the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.The search included randomized controlled trials published from database inception to September 30,2024.The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies.Two independent reviewers screened the literature,extracted data,and evaluated study quality.Subsequently,a network meta-analysis was performed using STATA software.The study protocol has been registered in PROSPERO(CRD42023428217).Results This study analyzed data from 25 randomized controlled trials involving 9,844 women.The findings indicated that in comparison to lithotomy position,free position(MD=20.53,95%CI[11.38,29.68])and upright position(MD=−24.13,95%CI[−42.94,-5.32])were found to be superior in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.Free position outperformed kneeling position(MD=21.48,95%CI[4.67,38.28])and squatting position(MD=23.43,95%CI[1.88,44.97]);upright position was superior to kneeling position(MD=−25.08,95%CI[−46.93,−3.22]);semirecumbent position surpassed squatting position(MD=19.71,95%CI[2.05,37.38]);and upright position was also superior to squatting position(MD=−27.03,95%CI[−51.48,−2.57]).According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA),the upright position emerged as the most effective for reducing the duration of the second stage of labor(87.4%),followed by free position(81.1%),semirecumbent position(70.0%),and lateral position(62.3%).Conclusion These findings offer valuable insights for midwifery practice and help inform future research directions.Considering the limitations of this review,more larger-scale,multicenter randomized controlled trials are warranted to further evaluate the relative effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.展开更多
Southern China has high temperatures and receives concentrated rainfall;therefore,the two-crop-a-year cultivation system has been applied to grape production so as to resolve the problem of relative seasonal surplus o...Southern China has high temperatures and receives concentrated rainfall;therefore,the two-crop-a-year cultivation system has been applied to grape production so as to resolve the problem of relative seasonal surplus of grape yield.However,a common issue associated with this technique is the tendency of the second season fruits to be smaller than the first season fruits.We here used the first and second season fruits of‘Summer Black'at different ripening stages as research materials.Phenotypic and histological analyses revealed fewer cell number occurring between 7 and 14 days post anthesis(DPA)in the second season fruits,which ultimately resulted in a smaller fruit size compared with the first season fruits.To unravel the mechanism underlying this phenomenon,first and second season fruits of four time periods(7,14,21,and 28 DPA)were selected for RNA-seq analysis.This analysis identified 10431 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).These DEGs were classified into 9 clusters through GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.Then the time-ordered gene co-expression network(TO-GCN)analysis with the breadth-first search algorithm showed that DEGs in the GCN were divided into 8 levels.The DEGs of early berry development(L1-L3)were enriched in heat stress-and cell division-related pathways.The field investigation of effective accumulated temperature confirmed that the growth and development of the second season fruits were subjected to high temperature stress during 7-14 DPA.Moreover,based on the results of interactive analysis of TO-GCN and transcriptional regulation prediction of L1-L3 genes,we constructed a unique hierarchical regulatory network for the heat stress regulation of berry size.The expression level of 5 candidate genes was verified through qRT-PCR.Vitvi10g00469(HSFB2A),Vitvi16g00982(HSFB2A),Vitvi02g00387(HSFB2B),Vitvi15g01542(NTL9),and Vitvi06g00592(DIVARICATA)were upregulated in 7-14 DPA,whereas Vitvi18g00777(HSFB4)was downregulated in 7 DPA.These results suggest that during intense cell division,heat stress might act as a major factor causing a reduction in cell number,thereby ultimately resulting in the smaller size of the second season fruits.展开更多
We consider the space and time decays of certain problems within the second gradient thermal law.Notably,for this thermal theory,the exponential time decay is precluded.First,the time estimates of polynomial type are ...We consider the space and time decays of certain problems within the second gradient thermal law.Notably,for this thermal theory,the exponential time decay is precluded.First,the time estimates of polynomial type are obtained for both the thermal equation and the one-dimensional thermoelastic system,where the impossibility of localization with respect to time is also established.Then,the space estimates are deduced for the multidimensional thermoelastic problem,which allow to show the exponential decay of the energy.展开更多
Second harmonic generation(SHG),a fundamental and widely-studied phenomenon in nonlinear optics,has attracted significant attention for its ability to convert fundamental frequencies into their second harmonics.While ...Second harmonic generation(SHG),a fundamental and widely-studied phenomenon in nonlinear optics,has attracted significant attention for its ability to convert fundamental frequencies into their second harmonics.While the dominant SHG research has been focused on the optical and infrared regimes,its investigation in the microwave range presents challenges due to the requirements of materials with higher nonlinear coefficients and high-power microwave sources.Here,we provide an overview of methods together with underlying mechanisms for SHG in microwave frequencies,and discuss prospects and insights into the future developments of SHG-based technologies.The discussions on both numerical analyses and experimental studies will offer guidance for further SHG research and communication advancements in microwave regime.展开更多
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to discuss shallowly the application of L-band sounding seconds data in the artificial precipitation. [Method] The characteristics, getting manner and displaying method of L-band sounding seconds data were introduced briefly. Moreover, its application prospect in the artificial precipitation operation was analyzed initially. We aimed to improve its application rate in the artificial precipitation operation. [Result] L-band sounding seconds data had the great improvement in the time-space resolution and the space positioning accuracy aspects when compared with the previous sounding data, and the precision reached the second level. It could provide the high-precision data basis for the assimilation of artificial precipitation numerical model initial field, and improve the numerical model. Moreover, the sounding product could provide the accurate scientific basis for the selection of artificial precipitation operation tool, the determination of operation height and range, and guide the artificial precipitation operation, and improve the operation efficiency. [Conclusion] The research provided the analysis and reference basis for the command of artificial precipitation operation.
文摘When microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)fails,a redo procedure may be the only option for patients who want a biological child.However,there are many gaps of knowledge surrounding the procedure,which need to be addressed to help clinicians and patients make informed decisions.This review explores redo micro-TESE in the context of nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA).Literature was searched using Google Scholar,Medline,and PubMed.Search terms were“NOA”AND“second microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“redo microdissection testicles sperm extraction”AND“repeat microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“failed microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“salvage microdissection testicular sperm extractions”.Only original articles in English were included.A total of nine articles were included,consisting of four retrospective and five prospective studies.The time gap between the first and second micro-TESE varied from 6 months to 24 months.Most of the included studies reported successful surgical sperm retrieval(SSR)in the second micro-TESE in the range of 10%–21%,except in one study where it reached 42%.It has not been presented any definitive information about the use of hormonal treatment or the benefit of varicocelectomy prior to the second micro-TESE.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and Klinefelter syndrome(KS)had the highest chance of success in redo surgery.In conclusion,redo micro-TESE following a negative procedure can lead to sperm recovery in 10%–21%.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and KS have a higher chance of success.There is no enough evidence to conclude which is the best hormonal stimulation if any before a redo surgery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174311 and 51974020).
文摘The mechanism of strength and toughness variation in Ti microalloyed steel within the range of 0.04–0.157 wt.%was investigated.By adding 0.13 wt.%Ti,the steel achieves higher strength while maintaining a certain level of elongation and low-temperature impact toughness.With increasing Ti content,the grain size in the steel decreased from 17.7 to 8.9μm.This decrease in grain size is accompanied by an increase in the percentage of low-angle grain boundaries and dislocations,which act as barriers to hinder crack propagation.The Ti microalloyed steel exhibits a 20%increase in yield strength and a 14%increase in tensile strength.The transformation of steel plasticity occurs when the Ti content exceeds 0.102 wt.%.The low-temperature impact toughness of the steel gradually decreases with increasing Ti content.At low Ti content,the low-temperature impact toughness is reduced due to crack initiation by large-size inclusions.At high Ti content,the low-temperature impact toughness of the steel deteriorates due to several factors.These include the narrower tough–brittle transition zone,grain boundary embrittlement caused by small-sized grains,and the decrease in the solid solution strengthening effect.
文摘二语写作是二语习得研究领域的重要组成部分。运用CiteSpace软件对近十年发表在Journal of Second Language Writing的231篇实证研究论文进行可视化分析,研究发现:二语写作研究整体呈波动性上升趋势,研究规模较为稳定,研究关注度逐渐提升;二语写作研究领域暂未形成明显的核心作者和机构的合作网络;研究主题主要聚焦二语写作教学方法的多元化、二语写作反馈的多焦点、二语写作评估与测试的科学化,以及学习者个体差异的多维影响等方面。基于此,提出未来该领域发展需加强学者、机构之间的相互合作;关注个体学习者写作过程的认知特征与情感因素,尤其重视青少年二语学习过程的研究;扩大二语写作纵向研究规模,推动研究的深入发展。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2267221,22107029,22377135)the Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery(No.LX215002)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022QH212)the Taishan Scholars Program(No.tsqn202312305)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Chinese Chemical Societythe Fundamental Research Projects of Science&Technology Innovation and development Plan in Yantai City(No.2023JCYJ059)the Shandong Laboratory Program(No.SYS202205)the Shanghai Postdoctoral Excellence Program(No.2023704)。
文摘Fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay(LFA)has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid screening of various biomarkers owing to its simplicity,sensitivity and flexibility.It is noteworthy that fluorescent probe mainly determines the analytical performance of LFA.Due to the emission and excitation wavelengths are located in the visible region,most fluorophores are inevitably subject to light scattering and background autofluorescence.Herein,we reported a novel LFA sensor based on the second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)fluorescent probe with excellent anti-interference capability.The designed NIR-Ⅱprobe was the Nd^(3+)and Yb^(3+)doped rare earth nanoparticles(RENPs)by employing Nd^(3+)as energy donor and Yb^(3+)as energy acceptor,which of the donor-acceptor energy transfer(ET)efficiency reached up to 80.7%.Meanwhile,relying on the convenient and effective encapsulation strategy of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres to RENPs,the surface functionalized NIR-Ⅱprobe(RE@PLGA)was obtained for subsequent bioconjugation.Benefiting from the optical advantages of NIR-Ⅱprobe,this proposed NIR-ⅡLFA displayed a good linear relationship ranging from 7 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL for the detection ofα-fetoprotein(AFP),an important biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The limit of detection(LOD)was determined as low as 3.0 ng/m L,which was of 8.3 times lower than clinical cutoff value.It is promising that LFA sensor based on this efficient RENPs probe provides new opportunities for high sensitive detection of various biomarkers in biological samples.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81874059 and 82102105)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ22H160017)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702825).
文摘The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue autofluorescence—establishing its pivotal role for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging.With exponential growth in NIR-II photodiagnosis and phototherapy research over the past decade,bibliometric analy⁃sis is essential to map the evolving landscape and guide strategic priorities.We systematically analyzed 2,491 NIR-II-related publications(2009-2023)from the Web of Science Core Collection,employing scientometric tools for distinct analytical purposes:(a)VOSviewer,SCImago Graphica,and Gephi for co-authorship and co-occur⁃rence network mapping;(b)the R bibliometrix package for tracking field evolution and identifying high-impact publications/journals.The search retrieved 2491 studies from 359 journals originating from 54 countries.The country with the most published articles is China.Chinese institutions drive>60%of publications,with Stanford University(USA)and Nanyang Technological University(Singapore)ranked as the top two institutions by re⁃search quality.International cooperation is becoming increasingly frequent.Fan Quli,Tang Benzhong and Dai Hongjie are the top 3 productive authors in this field.Keyword evolution identifies"photodynamic therapy"and"immunotherapy"as pivotal future directions.We summarize the most cited literatures and NIR-II imaging clini⁃cal trials.This study delineates the NIR-II research trajectory,highlighting China's leadership,intensifying glob⁃al collaboration,and interdisciplinary convergence.Future efforts should prioritize the novel NIR-II probe devel⁃opment for NIR-II imaging and clinical translation of photodynamic/immunotherapy combinational platforms.
基金supported by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12192251,12174185,92163216,and 62288101).
文摘The generation of optical vortices from nonlinear photonic crystals(NPCs)with spatially modulated second-order nonlinearity offers a promising approach to extend the working wavelength and topological charge of vortex beams for various applications.In this work,the second harmonic(SH)optical vortex beams generated from nonlinear fork gratings under Gaussian beam illumination are numerically investigated.The far-field intensity and phase distributions,as well as the orbital angular momentum(OAM)spectra of the SH beams,are analyzed for different structural topological charges and diffraction orders.Results reveal that higher-order diffraction and larger structural topological charges lead to angular interference patterns and non-uniform intensity distributions,deviating from the standard vortex profile.To optimize the SH vortex quality,the effects of the fundamental wave beam waist,crystal thickness,and grating duty cycle are explored.It is shown that increasing the beam waist can effectively suppress diffraction order interference and improve the beam’s quality.This study provides theoretical guidance for enhancing the performance of nonlinear optical devices based on NPCs.
基金supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Grants No.12174220 and No.12074217)the Shandong Provincial Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant No.ZR2023YQ001)+1 种基金the Taishan Young Scholar Program of Shandong Provincethe Qilu Young Scholar Pro-gram of Shandong University.
文摘Higher-order band topology not only enriches our understanding of topological phases but also unveils pioneering lower-dimensional boundary states,which harbors substantial potential for next-generation device applications.The distinct electronic configurations and tunable attributes of two-dimensional materials position them as a quintessential platform for the realization of second-order topological insulators(SOTIs).This article provides an overview of the research progress in SOTIs within the field of two-dimensional electronic materials,focusing on the characterization of higher-order topological properties and the numerous candidate materials proposed in theoretical studies.These endeavors not only enhance our understanding of higher-order topological states but also highlight potential material systems that could be experimentally realized.
基金Tplied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2024A1515030065,2023A1515012299 and2023A1515010075)Basic and Applied Basic ResearchProject of Guangzhou(Grant Nos.2024A04J6299 and202201011454)+3 种基金Young Talent Support Project·of Guangzhou Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.QT2024-012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52101283 and 52101132)Young Elite Scientist Spon-sorship Program by CAST(Grant No.YESS20230412)National College Students Innovation and EntrepreneurshipTraining Program(Grant No.xj2024118450706)。
文摘Microstructure and corrosion resistance of an as-cast Mg-14Li-8Zn(in wt.%,LZ148)alloy subjected to solid solution treatment(T4)and aging treatment(T6)were investigated.The results revealed that the large eutectic MgLi_(2)Zn(θ’)phase formed in as-cast LZ148 alloy were completely dissolved intoβ-Li matrix after T4 treatment,and meanwhile nanoθ’phase could be rapidly precipitated in T4 sample,and then theθ’nanoprecipitates transformed into MgLiZn(θ)phase with a moderate size after T6 treatment.The as-cast sample presented the worst corrosion resistance due to the occurrence of strong micro-galvanic effect between the cathodic eutecticθ’phase and anodicβ-Li matrix.After T4 treatment,the corrosion resistance of as-cast LZ148 alloy was dramatically improved,which was primarily ascribed to the trivial micro-galvanic effect due to the absence of noble eutecticθ’phase.In addition,the dispersed MgLi2Zn nano-precipitates and/or the homogenized distribution of alloying elements in matrix were also beneficial for the improved corrosion resistance of T4 sample.Furthermore,the lower local strain energy in the matrix of T4 sample could also contribute to the excellent corrosion resistance.However,the precipitatedθphases in T6 sample were detrimental to further improve corrosion performance due to the reactivated micro-galvanic effect.At last,the main compositions of surface film on the three samples were also revealed in detail,attributing to the different corrosion resistance of three samples as well.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the improvement effect of combined treatment of eschar abrasion, nanosilver dressing, and mussel mucin spray on wound healing in patients with second-degree burns, and to explore their effects on the expression level of (advanced glycation end products) AGEs in wound tissue, so as to provide a basis for the application of AGEs expression level in wound tissue in the future clinical treatment of second-degree burns. Methods: Patients with second-degree burns admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the research subjects. This study was a non-double-blind study, and both patients and researchers were aware of the treatment methods. They were randomly divided into Group A (control group) and Group B (study group). According to the order of their visits, the patients were numbered in advance;then the seed number was taken, and 70 random numbers were generated on the computer using SAS, the first 35 corresponding to group A, and the last 35 corresponding to group B;the random numbers were arranged from small to large, and the rank of the random numbers was the patient number;finally, the patient numbers were arranged from small to large, and the corresponding groups were the grouping scheme. 1) Wound healing time: The wound healing was observed every day, and the wound healing time was calculated when the wound was completely epithelialized. 2) Wound healing: The wound healing area was measured 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment, and transparent paper was used to record combined with a computer-assisted imaging system. Wound healing rate = wound healing area (cm2)/total wound area before treatment (cm2) × 100%. The time for complete wound healing was recorded in the two groups of patients. 3) Pain: The pain was evaluated at 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The higher the score, the more severe the pain. 4) Scar condition: Scar formation was evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after wound healing using the VAS scale, with a total score of 15 points. The higher the score, the more severe the scar. 5) Detect the expression of AGEs in wound tissue. Results: The wound healed 14.03 ± 2.28 days after eschar removal, with a cure rate of 97.8%. No infection occurred in the wound after eschar removal in all patients. The wound healing time ranged from 9 to 23 days, with an average healing time of 28.41 ± 1.45 days. The healing quality was satisfactory. The Vancouver Scar Scale scored the wound healing scar as 0.81 ± 0.73 points. Western blot was used to detect the expression of AGEs, (receptor for advanced glycation end products) RAGE, and protein in the wound tissue. Results After 7, 14, and 28 days of medication, the wounds of diabetic patients healed well. The drug treatment efficacy and hydroxyproline content showed an upward trend, and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1a proteins showed a downward trend. Compared with day 0, the hydroxyproline content of the wound granulation tissue on days 7, 14, and 28 was significantly increased (P< 0.01), and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1α proteins were significantly downregulated (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). Conclusion: Monitoring the expression levels of AGEs and RAGE can reflect the wound-healing effect of patients with second-degree burns, and the prognosis of the wound is closely related to the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and scab abrasion. In the treatment of second-degree burn wounds, scab abrasion can grasp the level of necrotic scab removal, can achieve “relatively accurate” removal of necrotic tissue, maximally protect the ecological tissue between wounds and retaining normal tissue, and can play a positive role in promoting the healing process of burn wounds;at the same time, nanosilver dressings have good antibacterial properties and high safety, and mussel mucin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and the characteristics of blocking nerve endings, which can effectively relieve the burning, stinging, and itching of sensitive skin and effectively promote wound healing.
基金financially supported by the CITIC niobium steel development award Fund(M1656-2021)Central Iron and Steel Research Institute for its independent research and development fund(No.21G62460ZD).
文摘Increasing the hole expansion ratio is significant for developing high formability parts.Hole expansion tests were carried out on low carbon hot-rolled steel containing 0.11%Ti,0.072%Ti–0.03%Nb and 0.097%Ti–0.059%Nb,respectively.The effects of microstructure,texture,crack propagation behavior and second phase precipitation behavior on hole expansion ratio were investigated.The precipitation behavior of TiC and(Ti,Nb)C in austenite and ferrite in three groups of steel samples was calculated theoretically.The results showed that the hole expansion ratios of 0.11Ti,0.072Ti–0.03Nb and 0.097Ti–0.059Nb test steels were 51.73%,51.17%and 66.24%following simulated coiling at 600℃,respectively.The microstructure was mainly polygonal ferrite with a small amount of pearlite.The grain refinement of 0.097Ti–0.059Nb test steel and the low texture ratio of{110}//ND improved the hole expansion ratio.The low overall hole expansion ratio was due to the microstructure inhomogeneity.The microstructure uniformity was improved by the quenching and tempering treatment,and the hole expansion ratio of the three test steels was greatly increased.The fastest precipitation temperatures in the austenitic region of 0.11Ti,0.072Ti–0.03Nb and 0.097Ti–0.059Nb test steels were 880,860 and 830℃,while those in the ferrite region were 680,675 and 675℃,respectively.The addition of Nb element increased the volume free energy,so that the critical core size of the nucleation on the dislocation line increased,resulting in the decrease in the fastest precipitation temperature.
文摘Vietnam's manufacturing and processing companies areop timistic about business prospects in the second quarter(Q2)of this year,according to a recent survey by the National Statis-tics Office(Gso).The results of the survey indicate that 45.8%of bustnesses anticipate improved business performance in Q22025 compared to Ql while 39.2%expect stability and l5%foresee encountering more difficulties ahead.
文摘Anxiety,motivation,and strategy have long been seen as critical in second language acquisition.This study presents a systematic review of the literature on these variables in terms of their relationship with one another,their effects on learning outcomes,and how they are affected by technology-assisted tools in the teaching of Chinese as a second language.This study includes 24 articles for the review study based on the criteria and process of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol(PRISMA-P)and the clustering techniques of VOSviewer.It is found that 1)anxiety,motivation,and strategy were interrelated,that is,motivation was negatively associated with anxiety but positively related to strategy,while strategy could positively predict anxiety;2)anxiety could both positively and negatively affect learning outcomes,while motivation and strategy could both positively and insignificantly influence learning outcomes;3)the technology-assisted tools used in the classroom could both positively and negatively affect the levels of these variables and learning outcomes in the L2 Chinese context.The need to explore more complicated relationships between language-specific individual variables themselves and other possible factors that affect these variables,such as cultural ones,are also discussed for future research.
基金supported by the Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitalization,CNCS-UEFISCDI[Grant Nos.RO-NO-2019-0601(MEDYCONAI),PN-III-P4-PCE-2021-0444(RESONANO)]PN-IV-P1-PCE-2023-1137+2 种基金supported in part by IN2SIGHT,European Union’s Horizon 2020(GA.no.964481)by the Research Council of Lithuania(LMTLTAgreement No.P-MIP-23-237).
文摘Collagen characterization is crucial for disease diagnostics,prevention,and understanding,with growing focus on quantitative analysis at tissue and fibril levels.Numerous models have been developed to quantify structural changes in collagen linked to various pathologies.However,many approaches remain limited to conceptual descriptions or rely on custom software,often requiring programming skills,which re-stricts their clinical application and potential impact.We introduce CollagenFitJ,a plugin for the open-source software platform ImageJ/FIJI,which represents a widely used microscopy image analysis tool.CollagenFitJ makes use of the cylindrical symmetry model for collagen to enable facile quantitative assessment of polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy image stacks.The plugin’s main outputs are collagen structure-related maps(e.g.,orientation and anisotropy of collagen fibrils within the focal volume),which can be accompanied by distribution and randomness maps for a series of structure-related parameters.We describe and validate the use of CollagenFitJ on images acquired on rat-tail tendons,collagen capsules surrounding human thyroid nodules,and mouse colon tumors,using both scanning and widefield second harmonic generation microscopy datasets.The plugin was designed to be user-friendly,requiring little to no experience in image processing and coding to facilitate access for life scientists,medical staff,and microscopy practitioners with limited coding skills or time availability required for coding.
文摘In this paper,an image processing algorithm which is able to synthesize material textures of arbitrary shapes is proposed.The presented approach uses an arbitrary image to construct a structure layer of the material.The resulting structure layer is then used to constrain the material texture synthesis.The field of second-moment matrices is used to represent the structure layer.Many tests with various constraint images are conducted to ensure that the proposed approach accurately reproduces the visual aspects of the input material sample.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to accurately synthesize arbitrary-shaped material textures while respecting the local characteristics of the exemplar.This paves the way toward the synthesis of 3D material textures of arbitrary shapes from 2D material samples,which has a wide application range in virtual material design and materials characterization.
基金the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University for supporting this project。
文摘Objectives A systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor,providing evidence-based insights for obstetric institutions to guide interventions related to childbirth positions.Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,Embase,Wanfang Databases,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases(CNKI),China Science and Technology Journal Database(CSTJ),and China Biology Medicine disc(CBMdisc)to identify studies on the effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.The search included randomized controlled trials published from database inception to September 30,2024.The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies.Two independent reviewers screened the literature,extracted data,and evaluated study quality.Subsequently,a network meta-analysis was performed using STATA software.The study protocol has been registered in PROSPERO(CRD42023428217).Results This study analyzed data from 25 randomized controlled trials involving 9,844 women.The findings indicated that in comparison to lithotomy position,free position(MD=20.53,95%CI[11.38,29.68])and upright position(MD=−24.13,95%CI[−42.94,-5.32])were found to be superior in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.Free position outperformed kneeling position(MD=21.48,95%CI[4.67,38.28])and squatting position(MD=23.43,95%CI[1.88,44.97]);upright position was superior to kneeling position(MD=−25.08,95%CI[−46.93,−3.22]);semirecumbent position surpassed squatting position(MD=19.71,95%CI[2.05,37.38]);and upright position was also superior to squatting position(MD=−27.03,95%CI[−51.48,−2.57]).According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA),the upright position emerged as the most effective for reducing the duration of the second stage of labor(87.4%),followed by free position(81.1%),semirecumbent position(70.0%),and lateral position(62.3%).Conclusion These findings offer valuable insights for midwifery practice and help inform future research directions.Considering the limitations of this review,more larger-scale,multicenter randomized controlled trials are warranted to further evaluate the relative effectiveness of different childbirth positions in reducing the duration of the second stage of labor.
基金supported by National Technology System for Grape Industry(Grant No.CARS-29-zp-9)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD1200200)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20230701)。
文摘Southern China has high temperatures and receives concentrated rainfall;therefore,the two-crop-a-year cultivation system has been applied to grape production so as to resolve the problem of relative seasonal surplus of grape yield.However,a common issue associated with this technique is the tendency of the second season fruits to be smaller than the first season fruits.We here used the first and second season fruits of‘Summer Black'at different ripening stages as research materials.Phenotypic and histological analyses revealed fewer cell number occurring between 7 and 14 days post anthesis(DPA)in the second season fruits,which ultimately resulted in a smaller fruit size compared with the first season fruits.To unravel the mechanism underlying this phenomenon,first and second season fruits of four time periods(7,14,21,and 28 DPA)were selected for RNA-seq analysis.This analysis identified 10431 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).These DEGs were classified into 9 clusters through GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.Then the time-ordered gene co-expression network(TO-GCN)analysis with the breadth-first search algorithm showed that DEGs in the GCN were divided into 8 levels.The DEGs of early berry development(L1-L3)were enriched in heat stress-and cell division-related pathways.The field investigation of effective accumulated temperature confirmed that the growth and development of the second season fruits were subjected to high temperature stress during 7-14 DPA.Moreover,based on the results of interactive analysis of TO-GCN and transcriptional regulation prediction of L1-L3 genes,we constructed a unique hierarchical regulatory network for the heat stress regulation of berry size.The expression level of 5 candidate genes was verified through qRT-PCR.Vitvi10g00469(HSFB2A),Vitvi16g00982(HSFB2A),Vitvi02g00387(HSFB2B),Vitvi15g01542(NTL9),and Vitvi06g00592(DIVARICATA)were upregulated in 7-14 DPA,whereas Vitvi18g00777(HSFB4)was downregulated in 7 DPA.These results suggest that during intense cell division,heat stress might act as a major factor causing a reduction in cell number,thereby ultimately resulting in the smaller size of the second season fruits.
基金part of the project“Qualitative and numerical analyses of some thermomechanics problems(ACUANUTER)”(Ref.PID2024-156827NB-I00)。
文摘We consider the space and time decays of certain problems within the second gradient thermal law.Notably,for this thermal theory,the exponential time decay is precluded.First,the time estimates of polynomial type are obtained for both the thermal equation and the one-dimensional thermoelastic system,where the impossibility of localization with respect to time is also established.Then,the space estimates are deduced for the multidimensional thermoelastic problem,which allow to show the exponential decay of the energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(No.12274339).
文摘Second harmonic generation(SHG),a fundamental and widely-studied phenomenon in nonlinear optics,has attracted significant attention for its ability to convert fundamental frequencies into their second harmonics.While the dominant SHG research has been focused on the optical and infrared regimes,its investigation in the microwave range presents challenges due to the requirements of materials with higher nonlinear coefficients and high-power microwave sources.Here,we provide an overview of methods together with underlying mechanisms for SHG in microwave frequencies,and discuss prospects and insights into the future developments of SHG-based technologies.The discussions on both numerical analyses and experimental studies will offer guidance for further SHG research and communication advancements in microwave regime.
