Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-sec...Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-section in the flow channel is normally adopted,the configuration optimization of which could potentially enhance the performance of the electrolyzer.This paper describes the numerical simulation study on the impact of the flow-channel cross-section shapes in the MEA electrolyzer for CO_(2)RR.The results show that wide flow channels with low heights are beneficial to the CO_(2)RR by providing a uniform flow field of CO_(2),especially at high current densities.Moreover,the larger the electrolyzer,the more significant the effect is.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance MEA electrolyzers for CO_(2)RR.展开更多
With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation techno...With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation technology.Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)technology can convert small mechanical energy into electricity,which is expected to address this problem.As the core component of TENG,the choice of electrode materials significantly affects its performance.Traditional metal electrode materials often suffer from problems such as durability,which limits the further application of TENG.Graphene,as a novel electrode material,shows excellent prospects for application in TENG owing to its unique structure and excellent electrical properties.This review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and application prospects of TENGs based on graphene electrodes.Various precision processing methods of graphene electrodes are introduced,and the applications of graphene electrode-based TENGs in various scenarios as well as the enhancement of graphene electrodes for TENG performance are discussed.In addition,the future development of graphene electrode-based TENGs is also prospectively discussed,aiming to promote the continuous advancement of graphene electrode-based TENGs.展开更多
In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this stu...In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this study,the consistency of printed electrodes was measured by using a confocal microscope and the pressure distribution detected by online pressure monitoring system was compared to investigate the relationship.The results demonstrated the relationship between printing pressure and the consistency of printed electrodes.As printing pressure increases,the ink layer at the corresponding position becomes thicker and that higher printing pressure enhances the consistency of the printed electrodes.The experiment confirms the feasibility of the online pressure monitoring system,which aids in predicting and controlling the consistency of printed electrodes,thereby improving their performance.展开更多
All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are a promising next-generation energy storage solution due to their high energy density and enhanced safety.To achieve this,specialized electrode designs are required to efficiently en...All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are a promising next-generation energy storage solution due to their high energy density and enhanced safety.To achieve this,specialized electrode designs are required to efficiently enhance interparticle lithium-ion transport between solid components.In particular,for active materials with high specific capacity,such as silicon,their volume expansion and shrinkage must be carefully controlled to maintain mechanical interface stability,which is crucial for effective lithium-ion transport in ASSBs.Herein,we propose a mechanical stress-tolerant all-solid-state graphite/silicon electrode design to ensure stable lithium-ion diffusion at the interface through morphology control of active material particles.Plate-type graphite with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio is used to maximize the dispersion of silicon within the electrode.The carefully designed electrode can accommodate the volume changes of silicon,ensuring stable capacity retention over cycles.Additionally,spherical graphite is shown to contribute to improved rate performance by providing an efficient lithium-ion diffusion pathway within the electrode.Therefore,the synergistic effect of our electrode structure offers balanced electrochemical performance,providing practical insights into the mechano-electrochemical interactions essential for designing highperformance all-solid-state electrodes.展开更多
The oil-based mud(OBM) borehole measurement environment presents significant limitations on the application of existing electrical logging instruments in high-resistance formations. In this paper, we propose a novel l...The oil-based mud(OBM) borehole measurement environment presents significant limitations on the application of existing electrical logging instruments in high-resistance formations. In this paper, we propose a novel logging method for detection of high-resistance formations in OBM using highfrequency electrodes. The method addresses the issue of shallow depth of investigation(DOI) in existing electrical logging instruments, while simultaneously ensuring the vertical resolution. Based on the principle of current continuity, the total impedance of the loop is obtained by equating the measurement loop to the series form of a capacitively coupled circuit. and its validity is verified in a homogeneous formation model and a radial two-layer formation model with a mud standoff. Then, the instrument operating frequency and electrode system parameters were preferentially determined by numerical simulation, and the effect of mud gap on impedance measurement was investigated. Subsequently, the DOI of the instrument was investigated utilizing the pseudo-geometric factor defined by the real part of impedance. It was determined that the detection depth of the instrument is 8.74 cm, while the effective vertical resolution was not less than 2 cm. Finally, a focused high-frequency electrode-type instrument was designed by introducing a pair of focused electrodes, which effectively enhanced the DOI of the instrument and was successfully deployed in the Oklahoma formation model. The simulation results demonstrate that the novel method can achieve a detection depth of 17.40 cm in highly-resistive formations drilling with OBM, which is approximately twice the depth of detection of the existing oil-based mud microimager instruments. Furthermore, its effective vertical resolution remains at or above 2 cm,which is comparable to the resolution of the existing OBM electrical logging instrument.展开更多
A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefo...A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.展开更多
In a pulsed plasma thruster,the voltage distribution between the electrodes is a key factor that influences the ionization process.However,few researchers have conducted in-depth studies of this phenomenon in the past...In a pulsed plasma thruster,the voltage distribution between the electrodes is a key factor that influences the ionization process.However,few researchers have conducted in-depth studies of this phenomenon in the past.Reported here are measurements of the voltage distribution between the plates of a parallel-plate pulsed plasma thruster under different discharge voltages,based on which the variations in the total circuit inductance and resistance as well as those between the plates are calculated.The results show that the time-averaged voltage across the plates accounts for 28.7%-50.4%of the capacitor voltage.As the capacitor initial voltage increases from 1250 V to 2000 V,the voltage across the plates rises,but its proportion relative to the capacitor voltage decreases.For every 250 V increase in the capacitor initial voltage,the average voltage proportion across the plates decreases by approximately 2%-3%.Additionally,the voltage proportion decreases gradually from the end near the propellant outward.The voltage distribution ratio between the plates is correlated with the proportions of the resistance and inductance between the plates relative to the total circuit.展开更多
Developing efficient and stable electrocatalysts has always been the focus of electrochemical research.Here,sea urchin-like nickel-molybdenum bimetallic phosphide nickel-molybdenum alloy(Ni_(4)Mo)and(Ni-Mo-P)were succ...Developing efficient and stable electrocatalysts has always been the focus of electrochemical research.Here,sea urchin-like nickel-molybdenum bimetallic phosphide nickel-molybdenum alloy(Ni_(4)Mo)and(Ni-Mo-P)were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal,annealing and phosphating methods on nickel foam(NF).The unusual shape of the sea urchin facilitates gas release and mass transfer and increases the interaction between catalysts and electrolytes.The Ni_(4)Mo/NF and Ni-Mo-P/NF electrodes only need overpotentials of 72 and 197 mV to reach 50 mA·cm^(−2) under alkaline conditions for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction,respectively.The Ni_(4)Mo/NF and Ni-Mo-P/NF asymmetric electrodes were used as anode and cathode for the overall water splitting,respectively.In 1.0 M KOH,at a voltage of 1.485 V,the electrolytic device generated 50 mA·cm^(−2) current density,maintaining for 24 h without reduction.The labor presents a simple method to synthesize a highly active,low-cost,and strongly durable self-supporting electrode for over-water splitting.展开更多
The silicon-graphite(Si-C)composite electrode is considered a promising candidate for next-generation commercial electrodes due to its high capacity.However,lithium-ion batteries with silicon electrodes often experien...The silicon-graphite(Si-C)composite electrode is considered a promising candidate for next-generation commercial electrodes due to its high capacity.However,lithium-ion batteries with silicon electrodes often experience capacity fading and poor cyclic performance,primarily due to the mechanical degradation of the solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI).In this work,we present a homogenized constitutive model for Si-C composite electrodes under finite deformation,incorporating lithium-ion concentration-dependent properties.We perform a wrinkling analysis and systematically examine the influence of key parameters,such as modulus and thickness ratios,on the critical conditions for instability.Additionally,we investigate the ratcheting effect across varying silicon contents.Our findings reveal that maintaining the silicon content within an optimal range effectively reduces plastic accumulation during charge–discharge cycles.These insights provide crucial guidance for optimizing the design and fabrication of Si–C electrode systems,enhancing their durability and performance.展开更多
A novel characterization method for full-matrix constants of PzT-8 piezoceramics based on local electrodes excitation using one sample is proposed to avoid resonant peaks missing and overlapping in the inversion proce...A novel characterization method for full-matrix constants of PzT-8 piezoceramics based on local electrodes excitation using one sample is proposed to avoid resonant peaks missing and overlapping in the inversion process of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technology.Elastic matrix,which is sensitive to the resonance spectrum,is obtained by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy.Piezoelectric and dielectric matrices,which are sensitive to the capacitance of driving electrodes,are determined by capacitance inversion.The initial values of elastic constants are deviated by 30%to validate the reliability of this method.The relative errors between measured and inversed values of resonant frequencies are less than 1%and the relative errors of the capacitance are mostly less than 5%.The work has extensive applications in piezoelectric materials characterization.展开更多
Silver nanowires(Ag NWs)have promising application potential in electronic displays because of their superior flexibility and transparency.Doping Ni in Ag NWs has proven to be an effective strategy to im-prove its wor...Silver nanowires(Ag NWs)have promising application potential in electronic displays because of their superior flexibility and transparency.Doping Ni in Ag NWs has proven to be an effective strategy to im-prove its work function.However,AgNi NWs-based electrodes suffer from poor electrical conductivity under air exposure due to the low-conductivity NiO generated on its surface.Here,Cu was further doped in AgNi NWs to form AgNiCu NWs and regulate its surface oxide under long-term air exposure.Finally,it is demonstrated that the conductivity of AgNiCu NWs can acquire an improved tolerable tempera-ture(over 240℃)and prolonged high-temperature tolerance time(over 150 min)by finely regulating the doping content Cu,indicating an enhanced air-stable conductivity.The optimized AgNiCu NWs also achieve superior transparent conductivity as pure Ag NWs and high work function as AgNi NWs,which has been successfully applied in constructing an n-type photodiode with an effective rectification effect.展开更多
Amidst the ever-growing interest in high-mass-loading Li battery electrodes,a persistent challenge has been the insufficient continuity of their ion/electron conduction pathways.Here,we propose cellulose elementary fi...Amidst the ever-growing interest in high-mass-loading Li battery electrodes,a persistent challenge has been the insufficient continuity of their ion/electron conduction pathways.Here,we propose cellulose elementary fibrils(CEFs)as a class of deagglomerated binder for high-mass-loading electrodes.Derived from natural wood,CEF represents the most fundamental unit of cellulose with nanoscale diameter.The preparation of the CEFs involves the modulation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding by the treatment with a proton acceptor and a hydrotropic agent.This elementary deagglomeration of the cellulose fibers increases surface area and anionic charge density,thus promoting uniform dispersion with carbon conductive additives and suppressing interfacial side reactions at electrodes.Consequently,a homogeneous redox reaction is achieved throughout the electrodes.The resulting CEF-based cathode(overlithiated layered oxide(OLO)is chosen as a benchmark electrode active material)exhibits a high areal-mass-loading(50 mg cm^(-2),equivalent to an areal capacity of 12.5 mAh cm^(-2))and a high specific energy density(445.4 Wh kg–1)of a cell,which far exceeds those of previously reported OLO cathodes.This study highlights the viability of the deagglomerated binder in enabling sustainable high-mass-loading electrodes that are difficult to achieve with conventional synthetic polymer binders.展开更多
An all-solid-state ion-selective electrode(ISE)for the detection of potassium ions in complex media was developed based on functional peptides with both antibacterial and antifouling properties.While exhibiting unique...An all-solid-state ion-selective electrode(ISE)for the detection of potassium ions in complex media was developed based on functional peptides with both antibacterial and antifouling properties.While exhibiting unique antifouling property,the ISE capitalized on the high surface area of the conductive metalorganic framework(MOF)solid transducer layer to facilitate rapid ion-electron transfer,consequently improving the electrode stability.For a short period,the application of a±1 n A current to the ISE resulted in a slight potential drift of 2.5μV/s,while for a long-term stability test,the ISE maintained a stable Nernstian response slope over 8 days.The antifouling and antibacterial peptide effectively eradicated bacteria from the electrode surface while inhibited the adhesion of bacteria and other biological organisms.Both theoretical calculations and experimental results indicated that the incorporation of peptides in the sensing membrane did not compromise the detection performance of the ISE.The prepared antifouling potassium ion-selective electrode exhibited a Nernstian response range spanning from 1.0×10^(–8)mol/L to 1.0×10–3mol/L,with a detection limit of 2.51 nmol/L.Crucially,the prepared solid-contact ISE maintained excellent antifouling and sensing capabilities in actual seawater and human urine,indicating a promising feasibility of this strategy for constructing ISEs suitable for practical application in complex systems.展开更多
Transition metal-based electrocatalysts are a promising alternative to noble metal catalysts for electrochemical upgrading of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)into high-value 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA...Transition metal-based electrocatalysts are a promising alternative to noble metal catalysts for electrochemical upgrading of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)into high-value 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA).However,the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts with precisely tailored structure-activity correlations remains a critical challenge.Herein,we report a hierarchically structured self-supporting electrode(Vo-NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF)synthesized through in situ electrochemical reconstruction of NiCo-Prussian blue analogue(NiCo-PBA)precursor,in which oxygen vacancy(Vo)-rich Co-doped Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheet arrays are vertically aligned on nickel foam(NF),creating an interconnected conductive network.When evaluated for the HMF oxidation reaction(HMFOR),Vo-NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance,achieving near-complete HMF conversion(99%),ultrahigh FDCA Faradaic efficiency(97.5%),and remarkable product yield(96.2%)at 1.45 V,outperforming conventional Co-doped Ni(OH)_(2)(NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF)and pristine Ni(OH)_(2)(Ni(OH)_(2)-NF)electrodes.By combining in situ spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations,we elucidate that the synergistic effects of Co-doping and oxygen vacancy engineering effectively modulate the electronic structure of Ni active centers,favor the formation of high-valent Ni^(3+)species,and optimize HMF adsorption,thereby improving the HMFOR performance.This work provides valuable mechanistic insights for catalyst design and may inspire the development of advanced transition metal-based electrodes for efficient biomass conversion systems.展开更多
All-solid-state rechargeable air batteries are designed and fabricated using 1,4-naphthoquinone as a negative electrode,proton-conductive polymer membrane as a solid electrolyte,and platinum-based oxygen diffusion as ...All-solid-state rechargeable air batteries are designed and fabricated using 1,4-naphthoquinone as a negative electrode,proton-conductive polymer membrane as a solid electrolyte,and platinum-based oxygen diffusion as a positive electrode as an emerging energy device.1,4-Naphthoquinone molecules exhibit reversible redox reactions peaked at 0.28 and 0.52 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode with the polymer electrolyte similar to that in an acid aqueous solution.The all-solid-state rechargeable air battery cell shows an open circuit voltage of 0.83 V,a nominal voltage of 0.3-0.4 V,a discharge capacity of 83.6 mAh g^(-1),and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 86.8%.The Coulombic efficiency after 15 charge-discharge cycles improves from 57.3%to 69.1%by replacing carbon black with graphite carbon as a support for the platinum catalyst in the positive electrode.Furthermore,replacing the commercial Nafion electrolyte membrane with the synthesized(in-house)polyphenylene-based ionomer(sulfonated polyphenylene-quinquephenylene)electrolyte membrane improves the cycle durability of the resulting allsolid-state rechargeable air battery with high Coulombic efficiency retention(>98%)after 135 cycles owing to the lower oxygen permeability of the latter membrane.Overall,the present all-solid-state rechargeable air battery using 1,4-naphthoquinone outperforms our previous all-solid-state rechargeable air battery using dihydroxybenzoquinene as a redox-active molecule.展开更多
High-entropy oxides(HEOs),offering reversible lithium storage and moderate operating potential,are considered promising negative electrodes.However,the intricate lithium storage mechanism within HE polycationic system...High-entropy oxides(HEOs),offering reversible lithium storage and moderate operating potential,are considered promising negative electrodes.However,the intricate lithium storage mechanism within HE polycationic systems remains challenging.Here,we conduct comprehensive investigations into the electrochemical properties and structu ral evolution of(CrMnCoNiZn)_(3)O_(4)(HESO)to clarify lithium storage mechanisms.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that polycationic synergy modulates the electronic structure and d-band centers of HESO,delivering fast electrode kinetics.Exhaustive in-and exsitu analyses demonstrate that the residual crystalline phases acting as seed crystals maintain the spinel/rock-salt lattice persistence under the entropy stabilization effect,lattice distortion effect,and cation synergy,which guide cation crystallization upon the electric field to drive reversible lithium storage.Such properties underlie the HESO electrode with an exceptional rate and long-term capability.This work clarifies the roles of cationic synergy and seed-crystal-driven structural reversibility,providing a blueprint for designing high-performance HEO negative electrodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).展开更多
Improving the volumetric energy density of supercapacitors is essential for practical applications,which highly relies on the dense storage of ions in carbon-based electrodes.The functional units of carbon-based elect...Improving the volumetric energy density of supercapacitors is essential for practical applications,which highly relies on the dense storage of ions in carbon-based electrodes.The functional units of carbon-based electrode exhibit multi-scale structural characteristics including macroscopic electrode morphologies,mesoscopic microcrystals and pores,and microscopic defects and dopants in the carbon basal plane.Therefore,the ordered combination of multi-scale structures of carbon electrode is crucial for achieving dense energy storage and high volumetric performance by leveraging the functions of various scale structu re.Considering that previous reviews have focused more on the discussion of specific scale structu re of carbon electrodes,this review takes a multi-scale perspective in which recent progresses regarding the structureperformance relationship,underlying mechanism and directional design of carbon-based multi-scale structures including carbon morphology,pore structure,carbon basal plane micro-environment and electrode technology on dense energy storage and volumetric property of supercapacitors are systematically discussed.We analyzed in detail the effects of the morphology,pore,and micro-environment of carbon electrode materials on ion dense storage,summarized the specific effects of different scale structures on volumetric property and recent research progress,and proposed the mutual influence and trade-off relationship between various scale structures.In addition,the challenges and outlooks for improving the dense storage and volumetric performance of carbon-based supercapacitors are analyzed,which can provide feasible technical reference and guidance for the design and manufacture of dense carbon-based electrode materials.展开更多
High-salinity wastewater treatment has always been a challenging issue.In this study,coal tar pitch was used as the carbon source and melamine as the nitrogen source to prepare coal tar pitch-based nanosheets(CPN-9)us...High-salinity wastewater treatment has always been a challenging issue.In this study,coal tar pitch was used as the carbon source and melamine as the nitrogen source to prepare coal tar pitch-based nanosheets(CPN-9)using a salt-template method.The desalination performance of CPN-9 was evaluated using flow-electrode capacitive deionization technology.The results showed that CPN-9 has a high specific surface area(466.34 m^(2)/g),a rich pore structure(micro-/meso-pore volume was 0.28),excellent rheological properties,and hydrophilicity(contact angle of 20.44°),thereby accelerating ion transport.Electrochemical results indicated that CPN-9 exhibits a significant double-layer ion storage mechanism,with a specific capacitance of 176.66 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g.CPN-9 has a very low charge transfer resistance.The synergistic effect of aromatic carbon and nitrogen doping(the content of pyrrole and pyridine nitrogen was 36.40%and 35.83%,respectively)in coal tar pitch accelerates electron transfer in CPN-9.The good ion diffusion performance and low impedance of CPN-9 accelerate the ion exchange rate,resulting in outstanding desalination performance.At 1.2 V and 3%mass loading,with a CPN-9 to conductive carbon black ratio of 4:1,the average desalination rate,charge efficiency,and energy consumption reached 0.039 mg/(cm^(2)·min),48.47%,and 0.012 kWh/mol,respectively.In summary,this study optimized the structure of CPN-9 from the perspective of electronic and ionic transport,enhancing its desalination performance and providing theoretical support for the deionization of high-salinity wastewater.展开更多
This work describes the discharge characteristics and acetone degradation with plasma under different electric fields based on a coaxial cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)device energized by pulsed power.It...This work describes the discharge characteristics and acetone degradation with plasma under different electric fields based on a coaxial cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)device energized by pulsed power.It is found that the segmented electrodes with appropriate spacing in coaxial cylindrical DBD are beneficial to the plasma ionization.In this work,the plasma distribution,discharge thermal effect,ionization of reactive species,and acetone degradation performance in coaxial cylindrical DBD with different segmented electrodes are systematically investigated.The experimental results show that segmented electrodes with a certain distance can cause additional ionization in the non-electrode-covered region between adjacent electrodes,thus enlarging the plasma region compared with a single electrode with equivalent total electrode length.The additional ionization involved the inner volume discharge between the quartz tubes and the outer surface discharge along the surface of the external quartz tube.The spatial distributions of the inner volume discharge and external surface discharge were predominantly governed by the radial and axial components of the inter-electrode electric field,respectively.The external surface discharge exhibited significant suppression when the electrode spacing was<1.5 mm,and it reached its maximum length at 3 mm spacing.When the electrode distance increased to 7-9 mm,a weak ionizing region appeared in the middle of the adjacent electrodes,which could be attributed to the gradual attenuation of the radial component with the increasing electrode spacing.A higher thermal effect and better oxidation of acetone to CO_(x)(CO and CO_(2))were achieved with the segmented electrode;the dual-segment configuration(3 mm per electrode)achieved a reactor temperature of 63.4℃,representing a 10℃enhancement over comparable single-electrode systems.Similarly,the CO_(2)and CO concentration reached 328.8 mg/m3and 105.7 mg/m3,respectively,in two 3 mm long segmented electrodes,which was an increase of 12.2%and 25.6%,respectively,compared with the single electrode.Notably,considering the equivalent ionization of the inner discharge with different electrodes,the enhanced thermal effects and CO_(x)conversion efficiency directly correlate with the expanded plasma zone induced by electrode segmentation.This work provides critical insights into optimizing electrode configurations for efficient plasma-assisted volatile organic compound degradation systems.展开更多
Silicon monoxide(SiO)is highly attractive as an anode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its significantly higher specific capacity.However,its practical application is hindered by substantial ...Silicon monoxide(SiO)is highly attractive as an anode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its significantly higher specific capacity.However,its practical application is hindered by substantial volume expansion during cycling,which leads to material pulverization and an unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer.Inspired by the natural root fixation in soil,we designed a root-like topological structure binder,cassava starch-citric acid(CS-CA),based on the synergistic action of covalent and hydrogen bonds.The abundant-OH and-COOH groups in CS-CA molecules effectively form hydrogen bonds with the-OH groups on the SiO surface,significantly enhancing the interfacial interaction between CS-CA and SiO.The root-like topological structure of CS-CA with a high tolerance alleviates the mechanical stress generated by the volume changes of SiO.More encouragingly,the hydrogen bond action among CS-CA molecules produces a self-healing effect,which is advantageous for repairing damaged electrodes and preserving their structural integrity.As such,the CS-CA/SiO electrode exhibits exceptional cycling performance(963.1 mA h g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 2 A g^(-1))and rate capability(558.9 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)).This innovative,topologically interconnected,root-inspired binder will greatly advance the practical application of long-lasting micron-sized SiO anodes.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22250008,22121004,22108197)+3 种基金the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations(No.CYZC202107)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.21JCZXJC00060)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.BP0618007)the Xplorer Prize for financial support。
文摘Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-section in the flow channel is normally adopted,the configuration optimization of which could potentially enhance the performance of the electrolyzer.This paper describes the numerical simulation study on the impact of the flow-channel cross-section shapes in the MEA electrolyzer for CO_(2)RR.The results show that wide flow channels with low heights are beneficial to the CO_(2)RR by providing a uniform flow field of CO_(2),especially at high current densities.Moreover,the larger the electrolyzer,the more significant the effect is.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance MEA electrolyzers for CO_(2)RR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52422511,U20A6004)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant No.2022B1515120011)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant No.2024A04J6362).
文摘With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation technology.Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)technology can convert small mechanical energy into electricity,which is expected to address this problem.As the core component of TENG,the choice of electrode materials significantly affects its performance.Traditional metal electrode materials often suffer from problems such as durability,which limits the further application of TENG.Graphene,as a novel electrode material,shows excellent prospects for application in TENG owing to its unique structure and excellent electrical properties.This review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and application prospects of TENGs based on graphene electrodes.Various precision processing methods of graphene electrodes are introduced,and the applications of graphene electrode-based TENGs in various scenarios as well as the enhancement of graphene electrodes for TENG performance are discussed.In addition,the future development of graphene electrode-based TENGs is also prospectively discussed,aiming to promote the continuous advancement of graphene electrode-based TENGs.
文摘In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this study,the consistency of printed electrodes was measured by using a confocal microscope and the pressure distribution detected by online pressure monitoring system was compared to investigate the relationship.The results demonstrated the relationship between printing pressure and the consistency of printed electrodes.As printing pressure increases,the ink layer at the corresponding position becomes thicker and that higher printing pressure enhances the consistency of the printed electrodes.The experiment confirms the feasibility of the online pressure monitoring system,which aids in predicting and controlling the consistency of printed electrodes,thereby improving their performance.
基金supported by the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.GTL24011-000)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF2022M3J1A1085396)the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00445442)through the Korea Planning&Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are a promising next-generation energy storage solution due to their high energy density and enhanced safety.To achieve this,specialized electrode designs are required to efficiently enhance interparticle lithium-ion transport between solid components.In particular,for active materials with high specific capacity,such as silicon,their volume expansion and shrinkage must be carefully controlled to maintain mechanical interface stability,which is crucial for effective lithium-ion transport in ASSBs.Herein,we propose a mechanical stress-tolerant all-solid-state graphite/silicon electrode design to ensure stable lithium-ion diffusion at the interface through morphology control of active material particles.Plate-type graphite with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio is used to maximize the dispersion of silicon within the electrode.The carefully designed electrode can accommodate the volume changes of silicon,ensuring stable capacity retention over cycles.Additionally,spherical graphite is shown to contribute to improved rate performance by providing an efficient lithium-ion diffusion pathway within the electrode.Therefore,the synergistic effect of our electrode structure offers balanced electrochemical performance,providing practical insights into the mechano-electrochemical interactions essential for designing highperformance all-solid-state electrodes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42074134,42474152,42374150)CNPC Innovation Found(2024DQ02-0152).
文摘The oil-based mud(OBM) borehole measurement environment presents significant limitations on the application of existing electrical logging instruments in high-resistance formations. In this paper, we propose a novel logging method for detection of high-resistance formations in OBM using highfrequency electrodes. The method addresses the issue of shallow depth of investigation(DOI) in existing electrical logging instruments, while simultaneously ensuring the vertical resolution. Based on the principle of current continuity, the total impedance of the loop is obtained by equating the measurement loop to the series form of a capacitively coupled circuit. and its validity is verified in a homogeneous formation model and a radial two-layer formation model with a mud standoff. Then, the instrument operating frequency and electrode system parameters were preferentially determined by numerical simulation, and the effect of mud gap on impedance measurement was investigated. Subsequently, the DOI of the instrument was investigated utilizing the pseudo-geometric factor defined by the real part of impedance. It was determined that the detection depth of the instrument is 8.74 cm, while the effective vertical resolution was not less than 2 cm. Finally, a focused high-frequency electrode-type instrument was designed by introducing a pair of focused electrodes, which effectively enhanced the DOI of the instrument and was successfully deployed in the Oklahoma formation model. The simulation results demonstrate that the novel method can achieve a detection depth of 17.40 cm in highly-resistive formations drilling with OBM, which is approximately twice the depth of detection of the existing oil-based mud microimager instruments. Furthermore, its effective vertical resolution remains at or above 2 cm,which is comparable to the resolution of the existing OBM electrical logging instrument.
基金support from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under grant HICOE-2023-005.
文摘A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.QY24166).
文摘In a pulsed plasma thruster,the voltage distribution between the electrodes is a key factor that influences the ionization process.However,few researchers have conducted in-depth studies of this phenomenon in the past.Reported here are measurements of the voltage distribution between the plates of a parallel-plate pulsed plasma thruster under different discharge voltages,based on which the variations in the total circuit inductance and resistance as well as those between the plates are calculated.The results show that the time-averaged voltage across the plates accounts for 28.7%-50.4%of the capacitor voltage.As the capacitor initial voltage increases from 1250 V to 2000 V,the voltage across the plates rises,but its proportion relative to the capacitor voltage decreases.For every 250 V increase in the capacitor initial voltage,the average voltage proportion across the plates decreases by approximately 2%-3%.Additionally,the voltage proportion decreases gradually from the end near the propellant outward.The voltage distribution ratio between the plates is correlated with the proportions of the resistance and inductance between the plates relative to the total circuit.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.23KJD150005)the Scientific Research Project of Nanjing Xiaozhuang University(No.2022NXY29).
文摘Developing efficient and stable electrocatalysts has always been the focus of electrochemical research.Here,sea urchin-like nickel-molybdenum bimetallic phosphide nickel-molybdenum alloy(Ni_(4)Mo)and(Ni-Mo-P)were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal,annealing and phosphating methods on nickel foam(NF).The unusual shape of the sea urchin facilitates gas release and mass transfer and increases the interaction between catalysts and electrolytes.The Ni_(4)Mo/NF and Ni-Mo-P/NF electrodes only need overpotentials of 72 and 197 mV to reach 50 mA·cm^(−2) under alkaline conditions for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction,respectively.The Ni_(4)Mo/NF and Ni-Mo-P/NF asymmetric electrodes were used as anode and cathode for the overall water splitting,respectively.In 1.0 M KOH,at a voltage of 1.485 V,the electrolytic device generated 50 mA·cm^(−2) current density,maintaining for 24 h without reduction.The labor presents a simple method to synthesize a highly active,low-cost,and strongly durable self-supporting electrode for over-water splitting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.12172102 and 12372097)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.HIT.OCEF.2022013).
文摘The silicon-graphite(Si-C)composite electrode is considered a promising candidate for next-generation commercial electrodes due to its high capacity.However,lithium-ion batteries with silicon electrodes often experience capacity fading and poor cyclic performance,primarily due to the mechanical degradation of the solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI).In this work,we present a homogenized constitutive model for Si-C composite electrodes under finite deformation,incorporating lithium-ion concentration-dependent properties.We perform a wrinkling analysis and systematically examine the influence of key parameters,such as modulus and thickness ratios,on the critical conditions for instability.Additionally,we investigate the ratcheting effect across varying silicon contents.Our findings reveal that maintaining the silicon content within an optimal range effectively reduces plastic accumulation during charge–discharge cycles.These insights provide crucial guidance for optimizing the design and fabrication of Si–C electrode systems,enhancing their durability and performance.
基金the Professional Technical Service Platform of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.19DZ2291103)。
文摘A novel characterization method for full-matrix constants of PzT-8 piezoceramics based on local electrodes excitation using one sample is proposed to avoid resonant peaks missing and overlapping in the inversion process of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technology.Elastic matrix,which is sensitive to the resonance spectrum,is obtained by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy.Piezoelectric and dielectric matrices,which are sensitive to the capacitance of driving electrodes,are determined by capacitance inversion.The initial values of elastic constants are deviated by 30%to validate the reliability of this method.The relative errors between measured and inversed values of resonant frequencies are less than 1%and the relative errors of the capacitance are mostly less than 5%.The work has extensive applications in piezoelectric materials characterization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62374035,92263106,12061131009)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.21520712600).
文摘Silver nanowires(Ag NWs)have promising application potential in electronic displays because of their superior flexibility and transparency.Doping Ni in Ag NWs has proven to be an effective strategy to im-prove its work function.However,AgNi NWs-based electrodes suffer from poor electrical conductivity under air exposure due to the low-conductivity NiO generated on its surface.Here,Cu was further doped in AgNi NWs to form AgNiCu NWs and regulate its surface oxide under long-term air exposure.Finally,it is demonstrated that the conductivity of AgNiCu NWs can acquire an improved tolerable tempera-ture(over 240℃)and prolonged high-temperature tolerance time(over 150 min)by finely regulating the doping content Cu,indicating an enhanced air-stable conductivity.The optimized AgNiCu NWs also achieve superior transparent conductivity as pure Ag NWs and high work function as AgNi NWs,which has been successfully applied in constructing an n-type photodiode with an effective rectification effect.
基金supported by the Institute of Civil Military Technology Cooperation funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy of Korean government under grant No 23-CM-AI-08.
文摘Amidst the ever-growing interest in high-mass-loading Li battery electrodes,a persistent challenge has been the insufficient continuity of their ion/electron conduction pathways.Here,we propose cellulose elementary fibrils(CEFs)as a class of deagglomerated binder for high-mass-loading electrodes.Derived from natural wood,CEF represents the most fundamental unit of cellulose with nanoscale diameter.The preparation of the CEFs involves the modulation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding by the treatment with a proton acceptor and a hydrotropic agent.This elementary deagglomeration of the cellulose fibers increases surface area and anionic charge density,thus promoting uniform dispersion with carbon conductive additives and suppressing interfacial side reactions at electrodes.Consequently,a homogeneous redox reaction is achieved throughout the electrodes.The resulting CEF-based cathode(overlithiated layered oxide(OLO)is chosen as a benchmark electrode active material)exhibits a high areal-mass-loading(50 mg cm^(-2),equivalent to an areal capacity of 12.5 mAh cm^(-2))and a high specific energy density(445.4 Wh kg–1)of a cell,which far exceeds those of previously reported OLO cathodes.This study highlights the viability of the deagglomerated binder in enabling sustainable high-mass-loading electrodes that are difficult to achieve with conventional synthetic polymer binders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22174082,22374085)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2021ZDSYS30)Qingdao Postdoctoral Innovation Project Funding(No.QDBSH20220201038)。
文摘An all-solid-state ion-selective electrode(ISE)for the detection of potassium ions in complex media was developed based on functional peptides with both antibacterial and antifouling properties.While exhibiting unique antifouling property,the ISE capitalized on the high surface area of the conductive metalorganic framework(MOF)solid transducer layer to facilitate rapid ion-electron transfer,consequently improving the electrode stability.For a short period,the application of a±1 n A current to the ISE resulted in a slight potential drift of 2.5μV/s,while for a long-term stability test,the ISE maintained a stable Nernstian response slope over 8 days.The antifouling and antibacterial peptide effectively eradicated bacteria from the electrode surface while inhibited the adhesion of bacteria and other biological organisms.Both theoretical calculations and experimental results indicated that the incorporation of peptides in the sensing membrane did not compromise the detection performance of the ISE.The prepared antifouling potassium ion-selective electrode exhibited a Nernstian response range spanning from 1.0×10^(–8)mol/L to 1.0×10–3mol/L,with a detection limit of 2.51 nmol/L.Crucially,the prepared solid-contact ISE maintained excellent antifouling and sensing capabilities in actual seawater and human urine,indicating a promising feasibility of this strategy for constructing ISEs suitable for practical application in complex systems.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(22372039 and 22305247)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2021J06010)the Fuzhou University Testing Fund of Precious Apparatus(2025T022)。
文摘Transition metal-based electrocatalysts are a promising alternative to noble metal catalysts for electrochemical upgrading of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)into high-value 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA).However,the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts with precisely tailored structure-activity correlations remains a critical challenge.Herein,we report a hierarchically structured self-supporting electrode(Vo-NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF)synthesized through in situ electrochemical reconstruction of NiCo-Prussian blue analogue(NiCo-PBA)precursor,in which oxygen vacancy(Vo)-rich Co-doped Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheet arrays are vertically aligned on nickel foam(NF),creating an interconnected conductive network.When evaluated for the HMF oxidation reaction(HMFOR),Vo-NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance,achieving near-complete HMF conversion(99%),ultrahigh FDCA Faradaic efficiency(97.5%),and remarkable product yield(96.2%)at 1.45 V,outperforming conventional Co-doped Ni(OH)_(2)(NiCo(OH)_(2)-NF)and pristine Ni(OH)_(2)(Ni(OH)_(2)-NF)electrodes.By combining in situ spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations,we elucidate that the synergistic effects of Co-doping and oxygen vacancy engineering effectively modulate the electronic structure of Ni active centers,favor the formation of high-valent Ni^(3+)species,and optimize HMF adsorption,thereby improving the HMFOR performance.This work provides valuable mechanistic insights for catalyst design and may inspire the development of advanced transition metal-based electrodes for efficient biomass conversion systems.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT),Japan,through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(23H02058)MEXT Program:Data Creation and Utilization Type Material Research and Development Project(JPMXP1122712807)+1 种基金Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)(GteX JPMJGX23H2)JKA promotion funds from AUTORACE.
文摘All-solid-state rechargeable air batteries are designed and fabricated using 1,4-naphthoquinone as a negative electrode,proton-conductive polymer membrane as a solid electrolyte,and platinum-based oxygen diffusion as a positive electrode as an emerging energy device.1,4-Naphthoquinone molecules exhibit reversible redox reactions peaked at 0.28 and 0.52 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode with the polymer electrolyte similar to that in an acid aqueous solution.The all-solid-state rechargeable air battery cell shows an open circuit voltage of 0.83 V,a nominal voltage of 0.3-0.4 V,a discharge capacity of 83.6 mAh g^(-1),and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 86.8%.The Coulombic efficiency after 15 charge-discharge cycles improves from 57.3%to 69.1%by replacing carbon black with graphite carbon as a support for the platinum catalyst in the positive electrode.Furthermore,replacing the commercial Nafion electrolyte membrane with the synthesized(in-house)polyphenylene-based ionomer(sulfonated polyphenylene-quinquephenylene)electrolyte membrane improves the cycle durability of the resulting allsolid-state rechargeable air battery with high Coulombic efficiency retention(>98%)after 135 cycles owing to the lower oxygen permeability of the latter membrane.Overall,the present all-solid-state rechargeable air battery using 1,4-naphthoquinone outperforms our previous all-solid-state rechargeable air battery using dihydroxybenzoquinene as a redox-active molecule.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271101)the R&D Program of Guangzhou(2024A04J2497)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry&Physics of Ministry of Educationsupported by the High Performance Computing Platform of SCUT。
文摘High-entropy oxides(HEOs),offering reversible lithium storage and moderate operating potential,are considered promising negative electrodes.However,the intricate lithium storage mechanism within HE polycationic systems remains challenging.Here,we conduct comprehensive investigations into the electrochemical properties and structu ral evolution of(CrMnCoNiZn)_(3)O_(4)(HESO)to clarify lithium storage mechanisms.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that polycationic synergy modulates the electronic structure and d-band centers of HESO,delivering fast electrode kinetics.Exhaustive in-and exsitu analyses demonstrate that the residual crystalline phases acting as seed crystals maintain the spinel/rock-salt lattice persistence under the entropy stabilization effect,lattice distortion effect,and cation synergy,which guide cation crystallization upon the electric field to drive reversible lithium storage.Such properties underlie the HESO electrode with an exceptional rate and long-term capability.This work clarifies the roles of cationic synergy and seed-crystal-driven structural reversibility,providing a blueprint for designing high-performance HEO negative electrodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).
基金funded by the Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20143)the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(52322607)the Excellent Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Scientific Committee(YQ2022E028)。
文摘Improving the volumetric energy density of supercapacitors is essential for practical applications,which highly relies on the dense storage of ions in carbon-based electrodes.The functional units of carbon-based electrode exhibit multi-scale structural characteristics including macroscopic electrode morphologies,mesoscopic microcrystals and pores,and microscopic defects and dopants in the carbon basal plane.Therefore,the ordered combination of multi-scale structures of carbon electrode is crucial for achieving dense energy storage and high volumetric performance by leveraging the functions of various scale structu re.Considering that previous reviews have focused more on the discussion of specific scale structu re of carbon electrodes,this review takes a multi-scale perspective in which recent progresses regarding the structureperformance relationship,underlying mechanism and directional design of carbon-based multi-scale structures including carbon morphology,pore structure,carbon basal plane micro-environment and electrode technology on dense energy storage and volumetric property of supercapacitors are systematically discussed.We analyzed in detail the effects of the morphology,pore,and micro-environment of carbon electrode materials on ion dense storage,summarized the specific effects of different scale structures on volumetric property and recent research progress,and proposed the mutual influence and trade-off relationship between various scale structures.In addition,the challenges and outlooks for improving the dense storage and volumetric performance of carbon-based supercapacitors are analyzed,which can provide feasible technical reference and guidance for the design and manufacture of dense carbon-based electrode materials.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374286 and 52274279)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2902604)。
文摘High-salinity wastewater treatment has always been a challenging issue.In this study,coal tar pitch was used as the carbon source and melamine as the nitrogen source to prepare coal tar pitch-based nanosheets(CPN-9)using a salt-template method.The desalination performance of CPN-9 was evaluated using flow-electrode capacitive deionization technology.The results showed that CPN-9 has a high specific surface area(466.34 m^(2)/g),a rich pore structure(micro-/meso-pore volume was 0.28),excellent rheological properties,and hydrophilicity(contact angle of 20.44°),thereby accelerating ion transport.Electrochemical results indicated that CPN-9 exhibits a significant double-layer ion storage mechanism,with a specific capacitance of 176.66 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g.CPN-9 has a very low charge transfer resistance.The synergistic effect of aromatic carbon and nitrogen doping(the content of pyrrole and pyridine nitrogen was 36.40%and 35.83%,respectively)in coal tar pitch accelerates electron transfer in CPN-9.The good ion diffusion performance and low impedance of CPN-9 accelerate the ion exchange rate,resulting in outstanding desalination performance.At 1.2 V and 3%mass loading,with a CPN-9 to conductive carbon black ratio of 4:1,the average desalination rate,charge efficiency,and energy consumption reached 0.039 mg/(cm^(2)·min),48.47%,and 0.012 kWh/mol,respectively.In summary,this study optimized the structure of CPN-9 from the perspective of electronic and ionic transport,enhancing its desalination performance and providing theoretical support for the deionization of high-salinity wastewater.
文摘This work describes the discharge characteristics and acetone degradation with plasma under different electric fields based on a coaxial cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)device energized by pulsed power.It is found that the segmented electrodes with appropriate spacing in coaxial cylindrical DBD are beneficial to the plasma ionization.In this work,the plasma distribution,discharge thermal effect,ionization of reactive species,and acetone degradation performance in coaxial cylindrical DBD with different segmented electrodes are systematically investigated.The experimental results show that segmented electrodes with a certain distance can cause additional ionization in the non-electrode-covered region between adjacent electrodes,thus enlarging the plasma region compared with a single electrode with equivalent total electrode length.The additional ionization involved the inner volume discharge between the quartz tubes and the outer surface discharge along the surface of the external quartz tube.The spatial distributions of the inner volume discharge and external surface discharge were predominantly governed by the radial and axial components of the inter-electrode electric field,respectively.The external surface discharge exhibited significant suppression when the electrode spacing was<1.5 mm,and it reached its maximum length at 3 mm spacing.When the electrode distance increased to 7-9 mm,a weak ionizing region appeared in the middle of the adjacent electrodes,which could be attributed to the gradual attenuation of the radial component with the increasing electrode spacing.A higher thermal effect and better oxidation of acetone to CO_(x)(CO and CO_(2))were achieved with the segmented electrode;the dual-segment configuration(3 mm per electrode)achieved a reactor temperature of 63.4℃,representing a 10℃enhancement over comparable single-electrode systems.Similarly,the CO_(2)and CO concentration reached 328.8 mg/m3and 105.7 mg/m3,respectively,in two 3 mm long segmented electrodes,which was an increase of 12.2%and 25.6%,respectively,compared with the single electrode.Notably,considering the equivalent ionization of the inner discharge with different electrodes,the enhanced thermal effects and CO_(x)conversion efficiency directly correlate with the expanded plasma zone induced by electrode segmentation.This work provides critical insights into optimizing electrode configurations for efficient plasma-assisted volatile organic compound degradation systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22378342,92372101,52162036,and 21875155)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720220010)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1201502)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2024NSFSC1160)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZB20230608)support of Nanqiang Young Top-notch Talent Fellowship in Xiamen University。
文摘Silicon monoxide(SiO)is highly attractive as an anode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its significantly higher specific capacity.However,its practical application is hindered by substantial volume expansion during cycling,which leads to material pulverization and an unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer.Inspired by the natural root fixation in soil,we designed a root-like topological structure binder,cassava starch-citric acid(CS-CA),based on the synergistic action of covalent and hydrogen bonds.The abundant-OH and-COOH groups in CS-CA molecules effectively form hydrogen bonds with the-OH groups on the SiO surface,significantly enhancing the interfacial interaction between CS-CA and SiO.The root-like topological structure of CS-CA with a high tolerance alleviates the mechanical stress generated by the volume changes of SiO.More encouragingly,the hydrogen bond action among CS-CA molecules produces a self-healing effect,which is advantageous for repairing damaged electrodes and preserving their structural integrity.As such,the CS-CA/SiO electrode exhibits exceptional cycling performance(963.1 mA h g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 2 A g^(-1))and rate capability(558.9 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)).This innovative,topologically interconnected,root-inspired binder will greatly advance the practical application of long-lasting micron-sized SiO anodes.
