Bees play a crucial role in the global food chain,pollinating over 75% of food and producing valuable products such as bee pollen,propolis,and royal jelly.However,theAsian hornet poses a serious threat to bee populati...Bees play a crucial role in the global food chain,pollinating over 75% of food and producing valuable products such as bee pollen,propolis,and royal jelly.However,theAsian hornet poses a serious threat to bee populations by preying on them and disrupting agricultural ecosystems.To address this issue,this study developed a modified YOLOv7tiny(You Only Look Once)model for efficient hornet detection.The model incorporated space-to-depth(SPD)and squeeze-and-excitation(SE)attention mechanisms and involved detailed annotation of the hornet’s head and full body,significantly enhancing the detection of small objects.The Taguchi method was also used to optimize the training parameters,resulting in optimal performance.Data for this study were collected from the Roboflow platformusing a 640×640 resolution dataset.The YOLOv7tinymodel was trained on this dataset.After optimizing the training parameters using the Taguchi method,significant improvements were observed in accuracy,precision,recall,F1 score,andmean average precision(mAP)for hornet detection.Without the hornet head label,incorporating the SPD attentionmechanism resulted in a peakmAP of 98.7%,representing an 8.58%increase over the original YOLOv7tiny.By including the hornet head label and applying the SPD attention mechanism and Soft-CIOU loss function,themAP was further enhanced to 97.3%,a 7.04% increase over the original YOLOv7tiny.Furthermore,the Soft-CIOU Loss function contributed to additional performance enhancements during the validation phase.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil selenium(Se)content and exogenous Se supplementation on crop Se levels and provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched agricult...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil selenium(Se)content and exogenous Se supplementation on crop Se levels and provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched agricultural products.[Methods]Thirty three representative townships in Xiayi County,Ningling County,and Yongcheng City were selected.Soil Se content and its impact on wheat Se level were measured.The effects of exogenous Se supplementation on the Se content of crops including soybean,wheat,peanut,corn,sweet potato,grape,crisp pear and apple were also investigated.[Results]Showed that the soil Se content in 18 townships of Xiayi County ranged from 0.08 to 0.34 mg/kg,and Se-adequate areas,Se-deficient areas and severely Se-deficient areas accounted for 27.78%,66.67%,and 0.055%of the total,respectively.In Ningling County,the soil Se content in 11 townships ranged from 0.13 to 0.23 mg/kg,and among them,Se-adequate areas and Se-deficient areas comprised 18.18%and 81.82%,respectively.In Yongcheng City,the soil Se content in 4 townships ranged from 0.16 to 0.23 mg/kg,and Se-adequate areas and Se-deficient areas constituted 75.00%and 25.00%,respectively.The soil Se content in 33 townships across Xiayi County,Ningling County,and Yongcheng City ranged from 0.07 to 0.34 mg/kg.However,the Se levels in wheat from all 33 townships fail to meet the standard for Se-enriched agricultural products.It indicates that relying solely on soil Se supply is insufficient for crops to achieve the Se level required for Se-enriched agricultural products.Exogenous Se supplementation could effectively increase the Se content in soybean,wheat,peanut,corn,sweet potato,grape,crisp pear,and apple.Among these,soybean,wheat and peanut showed the highest Se levels after supplementation,all exceeding 0.10 mg/kg and meeting the industry standard for Se-enriched agricultural products.[Conclusions]The results of this study indicates that exogenous Se supplementation can serve as a key measure for producing Se-enriched agricultural products.展开更多
Transition metal selenides as sodium-ion hybrid capacitor(SIHC)anodes still suffer from amorphization difficulties and capacity degradation triggered by polyselenide dissolution.Herein,an atomistic amorphous strategy ...Transition metal selenides as sodium-ion hybrid capacitor(SIHC)anodes still suffer from amorphization difficulties and capacity degradation triggered by polyselenide dissolution.Herein,an atomistic amorphous strategy is proposed to construct adjacent Nb-Nb diatomic pairs with Se/O-coordination(Se4-Nb2-O2)in N-doped carbon-confined amorphous selenide clusters(a-Nb-Se/O@NC).Synergistic carbon confinement and hydrothermal oxygenation induce amorphization of Nb–Se bonds,eliminating crystalline rigidity while creating isotropic dual-ion transport channels and high-density active sites enriched with dangling bonds,thereby enhancing structural integrity and Na+storage capacity.The unique Se/O-coordinated Nb-Nb diatomic configuration establishes an electron-delocalized system,where the low electronegativity of Se counterbalances electron withdrawal from coordinated O at Nb centers.These strengthen d-p orbital hybridization,reduce Na+adsorption energy,and optimize charge transfer pathways and reaction kinetics in the amorphous clusters.Electrochemical tests reveal that the a-Nb-Se/O@NC anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 312.57 mAh g^(−1)and exceptional cyclic stability(103%capacity retention)after 5000 cycles at 10.0 A g^(−1).Assembled SIHCs achieve outstanding energy/power densities(207.1 Wh kg^(−1)/18966 W kg^(−1)),surpassing most amorphous and crystalline counterparts.This work provides methodological insights for the design of electrodes in high-power storage devices through atomic modulation and electronic optimization of amorphous selenides.展开更多
文摘Bees play a crucial role in the global food chain,pollinating over 75% of food and producing valuable products such as bee pollen,propolis,and royal jelly.However,theAsian hornet poses a serious threat to bee populations by preying on them and disrupting agricultural ecosystems.To address this issue,this study developed a modified YOLOv7tiny(You Only Look Once)model for efficient hornet detection.The model incorporated space-to-depth(SPD)and squeeze-and-excitation(SE)attention mechanisms and involved detailed annotation of the hornet’s head and full body,significantly enhancing the detection of small objects.The Taguchi method was also used to optimize the training parameters,resulting in optimal performance.Data for this study were collected from the Roboflow platformusing a 640×640 resolution dataset.The YOLOv7tinymodel was trained on this dataset.After optimizing the training parameters using the Taguchi method,significant improvements were observed in accuracy,precision,recall,F1 score,andmean average precision(mAP)for hornet detection.Without the hornet head label,incorporating the SPD attentionmechanism resulted in a peakmAP of 98.7%,representing an 8.58%increase over the original YOLOv7tiny.By including the hornet head label and applying the SPD attention mechanism and Soft-CIOU loss function,themAP was further enhanced to 97.3%,a 7.04% increase over the original YOLOv7tiny.Furthermore,the Soft-CIOU Loss function contributed to additional performance enhancements during the validation phase.
基金Supported by Shangqiu Science and Technology Project(20240036).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil selenium(Se)content and exogenous Se supplementation on crop Se levels and provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched agricultural products.[Methods]Thirty three representative townships in Xiayi County,Ningling County,and Yongcheng City were selected.Soil Se content and its impact on wheat Se level were measured.The effects of exogenous Se supplementation on the Se content of crops including soybean,wheat,peanut,corn,sweet potato,grape,crisp pear and apple were also investigated.[Results]Showed that the soil Se content in 18 townships of Xiayi County ranged from 0.08 to 0.34 mg/kg,and Se-adequate areas,Se-deficient areas and severely Se-deficient areas accounted for 27.78%,66.67%,and 0.055%of the total,respectively.In Ningling County,the soil Se content in 11 townships ranged from 0.13 to 0.23 mg/kg,and among them,Se-adequate areas and Se-deficient areas comprised 18.18%and 81.82%,respectively.In Yongcheng City,the soil Se content in 4 townships ranged from 0.16 to 0.23 mg/kg,and Se-adequate areas and Se-deficient areas constituted 75.00%and 25.00%,respectively.The soil Se content in 33 townships across Xiayi County,Ningling County,and Yongcheng City ranged from 0.07 to 0.34 mg/kg.However,the Se levels in wheat from all 33 townships fail to meet the standard for Se-enriched agricultural products.It indicates that relying solely on soil Se supply is insufficient for crops to achieve the Se level required for Se-enriched agricultural products.Exogenous Se supplementation could effectively increase the Se content in soybean,wheat,peanut,corn,sweet potato,grape,crisp pear,and apple.Among these,soybean,wheat and peanut showed the highest Se levels after supplementation,all exceeding 0.10 mg/kg and meeting the industry standard for Se-enriched agricultural products.[Conclusions]The results of this study indicates that exogenous Se supplementation can serve as a key measure for producing Se-enriched agricultural products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52573299)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi province(No.20242BAB25223,20232BCJ23025,20232BCJ25040,20232BAB214024)the Special Funding Program for Graduate Student Innovation of Jiangxi Province(No.YC2024-S594).
文摘Transition metal selenides as sodium-ion hybrid capacitor(SIHC)anodes still suffer from amorphization difficulties and capacity degradation triggered by polyselenide dissolution.Herein,an atomistic amorphous strategy is proposed to construct adjacent Nb-Nb diatomic pairs with Se/O-coordination(Se4-Nb2-O2)in N-doped carbon-confined amorphous selenide clusters(a-Nb-Se/O@NC).Synergistic carbon confinement and hydrothermal oxygenation induce amorphization of Nb–Se bonds,eliminating crystalline rigidity while creating isotropic dual-ion transport channels and high-density active sites enriched with dangling bonds,thereby enhancing structural integrity and Na+storage capacity.The unique Se/O-coordinated Nb-Nb diatomic configuration establishes an electron-delocalized system,where the low electronegativity of Se counterbalances electron withdrawal from coordinated O at Nb centers.These strengthen d-p orbital hybridization,reduce Na+adsorption energy,and optimize charge transfer pathways and reaction kinetics in the amorphous clusters.Electrochemical tests reveal that the a-Nb-Se/O@NC anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 312.57 mAh g^(−1)and exceptional cyclic stability(103%capacity retention)after 5000 cycles at 10.0 A g^(−1).Assembled SIHCs achieve outstanding energy/power densities(207.1 Wh kg^(−1)/18966 W kg^(−1)),surpassing most amorphous and crystalline counterparts.This work provides methodological insights for the design of electrodes in high-power storage devices through atomic modulation and electronic optimization of amorphous selenides.
