莱曼阿尔法太阳望远镜(Lyα Solar Telescope, LST)是先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory, ASO-S,中文名为“夸父一号”)卫星上的有效载荷之一,它包括白光太阳望远镜(Whitelight Solar Telescope, WST)、莱曼...莱曼阿尔法太阳望远镜(Lyα Solar Telescope, LST)是先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory, ASO-S,中文名为“夸父一号”)卫星上的有效载荷之一,它包括白光太阳望远镜(Whitelight Solar Telescope, WST)、莱曼阿尔法全日面成像仪(Solar Disk Imager, SDI)和日冕仪(Solar Corona Imager, SCI) 3台科学仪器.其中WST工作在(360±2) nm(近白光)波段, SDI工作在(121.6±4.5) nm(紫外莱曼阿尔法)波段,两者的观测视场均为1.2 R⊙(R⊙为太阳半径,整个视场相当于38.4′).通过WST和SDI的成像数据可以探索太阳爆发活动在低层大气(光球、色球及过渡区)中的触发和响应,比如研究太阳耀斑的触发机制、白光耀斑的物理性质以及爆发暗条/日珥的形态演化和运动学,并推导出太阳大气的物理参数等.若要获得WST和SDI观测的太阳大气不同特征的物理参数,如耀斑能量、日珥温度和密度等,则需要把它们观测的计数值(Digital Number, DN)转化为物理单位(如erg·cm-2·s-1·sr-1),这个过程即称为辐射定标.辐射定标是WST和SDI科学数据生产过程中的必要步骤之一.目前, WST和SDI在轨辐射定标均以太阳为参考源,其中前者使用美国材料与测试协会(American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM)于2020年发布的太阳光谱数据,后者则使用地球同步环境系列卫星(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R, GOESR)上搭载的极紫外传感器(Extreme Ultraviolet Sensors, EUVS)观测的数据.给出了WST和SDI在2023年8月到2024年2月正常观测期间的在轨辐射定标系数及其不确定度.通过拟合WST在轨辐射定标系数日平均值得到其经验公式.利用辐射定标后的数据,能够计算太阳耀斑在白光和莱曼阿尔法波段辐射出的能量以及获得日珥密度等,有利于实现WST和SDI的科学目标.展开更多
Objective Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)poses a growing global health challenge,yet comprehensive epidemiological data remain limited.This study aims to assess the burden of PAH from 1990 to 2021 and project tre...Objective Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)poses a growing global health challenge,yet comprehensive epidemiological data remain limited.This study aims to assess the burden of PAH from 1990 to 2021 and project trends to 2040,addressing critical gaps in incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)across diverse socio-demographic contexts.Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 study,we analyzed PAH burden across 204 countries and territories,stratified by age,sex,region,and socio-demographic index(SDI).Age-standardized rates(per 100,000 populations)for incidence(ASIR),mortality(ASMR),and DALYs(ASDR)were calculated.Future trends were projected via a Bayesian age-period-cohort(BAPC)model.Results In 2021,there were 43,251(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:34,705,52,441)global incident PAH cases(age standardized incidence rate[ASIR]:0.52).From 1990 to 2021,PAH incidence rose by 85.62%,with the steepest increase in high-middle SDI regions(average annual percentage change[AAPC]:+0.19%).Despite a 48.36%rise in deaths,the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)declined annually by 0.84%,reflecting improved management.Central Europe had the highest ASMR(1.06 per 100,000),while low SDI regions showed reduced ASIR(−0.31%AAPC),likely due to underdiagnosis.PAH caused 642,104 DALYs globally in 2021,with infants(<1 year)bearing the highest DALY rate.Projections indicate 75,000 annual cases by 2040,emphasizing an escalating burden.Conclusion PAH burden is increasing disproportionately in aging populations and high-middle SDI regions,while low SDI areas face underdiagnosis and healthcare disparities.Targeted interventions,equitable resource allocation,and enhanced diagnostic capacity are urgently needed to mitigate future PAH-related morbidity and mortality.展开更多
Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional ...Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional perspective.In this study,the ecological structural disturbance index(SDI)and functional disturbance index(FDI)were introduced to quantitatively evaluate ecological disturbance caused by land use change in a typical karst area—Huangping County,Guizhou Province,China during 2009–2019.Results show that although the area of ecological land increased during past 10 yr,there had been a fragmentation trend of ecological land.Agricultural occupation was more severe than construction encroachment on ecological land.The grids with negative structural disturbance were consistent with areas of obvious dynamic loss and gain of ecological land.Ecological fragmentation had a greater impact than habitat gain in grids with negative structural disturbance.The ecosystem service functions of supply,adjustment,support,and culture were obviously affected by land use change,and the total FDI reflects the trade-off among them.Negative FDI values were easily observed in the rocky desertification area or water and soil loss area.The combination analysis of the SDI and FDI indicated the characteristic of codirectional ecologically structural and functional disturbance in the majority of grids.The findings improve our understanding of multiple relationships among ecological disturbances and provide valuable information for guiding land use activities.展开更多
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2025AFB068)Jin-zhu Zhao was supported by the Wuhan Natural Science Foundation Exploration Program(Chen Guang Program,Grant No.2024040801020344).
文摘Objective Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)poses a growing global health challenge,yet comprehensive epidemiological data remain limited.This study aims to assess the burden of PAH from 1990 to 2021 and project trends to 2040,addressing critical gaps in incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)across diverse socio-demographic contexts.Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 study,we analyzed PAH burden across 204 countries and territories,stratified by age,sex,region,and socio-demographic index(SDI).Age-standardized rates(per 100,000 populations)for incidence(ASIR),mortality(ASMR),and DALYs(ASDR)were calculated.Future trends were projected via a Bayesian age-period-cohort(BAPC)model.Results In 2021,there were 43,251(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:34,705,52,441)global incident PAH cases(age standardized incidence rate[ASIR]:0.52).From 1990 to 2021,PAH incidence rose by 85.62%,with the steepest increase in high-middle SDI regions(average annual percentage change[AAPC]:+0.19%).Despite a 48.36%rise in deaths,the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)declined annually by 0.84%,reflecting improved management.Central Europe had the highest ASMR(1.06 per 100,000),while low SDI regions showed reduced ASIR(−0.31%AAPC),likely due to underdiagnosis.PAH caused 642,104 DALYs globally in 2021,with infants(<1 year)bearing the highest DALY rate.Projections indicate 75,000 annual cases by 2040,emphasizing an escalating burden.Conclusion PAH burden is increasing disproportionately in aging populations and high-middle SDI regions,while low SDI areas face underdiagnosis and healthcare disparities.Targeted interventions,equitable resource allocation,and enhanced diagnostic capacity are urgently needed to mitigate future PAH-related morbidity and mortality.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41661088,32101593,42361028)Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Zhongyindi[2023]005)+1 种基金2024 Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(No.24RWZX007)Graduate Research Fund Project of Guizhou Province(No.2024YJSKYJJ153)。
文摘Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional perspective.In this study,the ecological structural disturbance index(SDI)and functional disturbance index(FDI)were introduced to quantitatively evaluate ecological disturbance caused by land use change in a typical karst area—Huangping County,Guizhou Province,China during 2009–2019.Results show that although the area of ecological land increased during past 10 yr,there had been a fragmentation trend of ecological land.Agricultural occupation was more severe than construction encroachment on ecological land.The grids with negative structural disturbance were consistent with areas of obvious dynamic loss and gain of ecological land.Ecological fragmentation had a greater impact than habitat gain in grids with negative structural disturbance.The ecosystem service functions of supply,adjustment,support,and culture were obviously affected by land use change,and the total FDI reflects the trade-off among them.Negative FDI values were easily observed in the rocky desertification area or water and soil loss area.The combination analysis of the SDI and FDI indicated the characteristic of codirectional ecologically structural and functional disturbance in the majority of grids.The findings improve our understanding of multiple relationships among ecological disturbances and provide valuable information for guiding land use activities.
