Climate change severely challenges our ecosystem and society,affecting urban residents’socioeconomic activities.Thus,assessing severe weather risk is crucial for evaluating urban sustainability;understanding trends,c...Climate change severely challenges our ecosystem and society,affecting urban residents’socioeconomic activities.Thus,assessing severe weather risk is crucial for evaluating urban sustainability;understanding trends,causes,and impacts on socioeconomic development;and supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)13.Using meteorological data from 1980 to 2020,we investigate five disaster-causing severe weather events in China and construct a comprehensive index of extreme climate risk(CIECR)at the county,city,province,and national levels.The CIECR can identify high-risk regions and primary severe weather events and provide early warnings.We empirically test the impact of extreme climate risks on agricultural production,industrial structure,and labor employment.The results show high risks in Xinjiang,northern Inner Mongolia,and southern regions,with high temperatures,low temperatures,and high winds as the leading risks.At the national level,the extreme climate risk fluctuates,indicating climate warming.While risks reduce agricultural production and employment,they promote modern agriculture,industrial production,and urbanization.The novelty of the study lies in its development of the county-level CIECR,which can capture heterogeneity characteristics and provide microdata support for urban climate change research and efforts toward SDG 13.This study aids in mitigating climate risks;responding to climate change;and comprehensively analyzing the causes,trends,and impacts of extreme climate risks.展开更多
The purpose of this research study was to investigate the properties of polyurethane coatings based on lignin nano-particles.For this purpose,the prepared coatings were applied to pine wood surfaces and weathered arti...The purpose of this research study was to investigate the properties of polyurethane coatings based on lignin nano-particles.For this purpose,the prepared coatings were applied to pine wood surfaces and weathered artificially.Subsequently,color and gloss of the coatings were measured before and after the weathering test.Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)micrographs prepared from the coatings showed that the average size of nano-particles in the polyurethane substrate was approximately 500 nm.Nuclear magnetic resonance(13C-NMR)spectroscopy showed that strong urethane bonds were formed in the nano-lignin-based polyurethane.Differential calorimetric analysis(DSC)test revealed that the glass-transition temperature(Tg)of lignin nanoparticles modified with diethylenetriamine(DETA)was 112.8℃ and Tg of lignin nano-particles modified with ethylenediamine(EDA)was 102.5℃,which is lower than the Tg of un-modified lignin(114.6℃)and lignin modified with DETA(126.8℃)and lignin modified with EDA(131.3℃).The coatings modified with lignin nano-particles had a greater change in gloss.The lignin nano-particles in the modified coating are trapping hydroxyl radicals which reduces photoactivity and yellowing of the polyurethane by about 3 times compared to unmodified polyurethane coatings.After weathering test,the nano-lignin-based coating had a rougher surface with a lower contact angle(0.78°)compared to the unmodified polyurethane coating(0.85°).展开更多
193 members of the United Nations approved the 17 Sustainable Development Goals in September 2015.According to the 2030 Agenda,the SDGs contemplated the ending of poverty,the protection of the Earth and the promotion ...193 members of the United Nations approved the 17 Sustainable Development Goals in September 2015.According to the 2030 Agenda,the SDGs contemplated the ending of poverty,the protection of the Earth and the promotion of prosperity for all.Sustainable Development Goal 17(SDG 17)deals specifically with the creation of global alliances for development.The underlying assumption respecting this point is that these stakeholder partnerships encourage the interchange of knowledge,experience,technology,and other resources to administer efficiently the other sixteen SDGs.Although SDG 17 is very well established in theory,in practice there are still appreciable downfalls as to how to successfully make this theory become a reality.This short review will analyse the potential viability of SDG 17“partnerships for the goals”with respect to SDG 7(affordable and clean energy),and thereupon SDG 13(associated with climate action)utilising two south-western France two wind farm initiatives.展开更多
In 2015,17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were approved,including SDG13,which addresses actions to increase carbon capture(CO_(2)-C storage)for climate change mitigation.However,no analytical procedures have been ...In 2015,17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were approved,including SDG13,which addresses actions to increase carbon capture(CO_(2)-C storage)for climate change mitigation.However,no analytical procedures have been defined for quantifying soil organic carbon(SOC)sequestration.This paper presents a rapid tool for guiding farmers and for monitoring SOC sequestration in farmer fields.The tool consists of multiconstituent soil analyses through near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)and an SOC mineralization model.The tool provides forecasts of SOC sequestration over time.Soil analyses by NIRS have been calibrated and validated for farmer fields in European countries,China,New Zealand,and Vietnam.Results indicate a high accuracy of determination for SOC(R^(2)≥0.93),and for inorganic C,soil texture,and soil bulk density.Permanganate oxidizable soil C is used as proxy for active SOC,to detect early management-induced changes in SOC contents,and is also quantified by NIRS(R^(2)=0.92).A pedotransfer function is used to convert the results of the soil analyses to SOC sequestration in kg·ha^(-1)C as well as CO_(2).In conclusion,the tool allows fast,quantitative,and action-driven monitoring of SOC sequestration in farmer fields,and thereby is an essential tool for monitoring progress of SDG13.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under the theme“Construction of a data representation framework for sustainable development indicators”[Grant No.2022YFC3802903-01]the National Natural Science Foundation of China“An economic theory based on the new production function in carbon neutrality”[Grant No.72250064]the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Macroeconomics”[Grant No.72122011].
文摘Climate change severely challenges our ecosystem and society,affecting urban residents’socioeconomic activities.Thus,assessing severe weather risk is crucial for evaluating urban sustainability;understanding trends,causes,and impacts on socioeconomic development;and supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)13.Using meteorological data from 1980 to 2020,we investigate five disaster-causing severe weather events in China and construct a comprehensive index of extreme climate risk(CIECR)at the county,city,province,and national levels.The CIECR can identify high-risk regions and primary severe weather events and provide early warnings.We empirically test the impact of extreme climate risks on agricultural production,industrial structure,and labor employment.The results show high risks in Xinjiang,northern Inner Mongolia,and southern regions,with high temperatures,low temperatures,and high winds as the leading risks.At the national level,the extreme climate risk fluctuates,indicating climate warming.While risks reduce agricultural production and employment,they promote modern agriculture,industrial production,and urbanization.The novelty of the study lies in its development of the county-level CIECR,which can capture heterogeneity characteristics and provide microdata support for urban climate change research and efforts toward SDG 13.This study aids in mitigating climate risks;responding to climate change;and comprehensively analyzing the causes,trends,and impacts of extreme climate risks.
文摘The purpose of this research study was to investigate the properties of polyurethane coatings based on lignin nano-particles.For this purpose,the prepared coatings were applied to pine wood surfaces and weathered artificially.Subsequently,color and gloss of the coatings were measured before and after the weathering test.Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)micrographs prepared from the coatings showed that the average size of nano-particles in the polyurethane substrate was approximately 500 nm.Nuclear magnetic resonance(13C-NMR)spectroscopy showed that strong urethane bonds were formed in the nano-lignin-based polyurethane.Differential calorimetric analysis(DSC)test revealed that the glass-transition temperature(Tg)of lignin nanoparticles modified with diethylenetriamine(DETA)was 112.8℃ and Tg of lignin nano-particles modified with ethylenediamine(EDA)was 102.5℃,which is lower than the Tg of un-modified lignin(114.6℃)and lignin modified with DETA(126.8℃)and lignin modified with EDA(131.3℃).The coatings modified with lignin nano-particles had a greater change in gloss.The lignin nano-particles in the modified coating are trapping hydroxyl radicals which reduces photoactivity and yellowing of the polyurethane by about 3 times compared to unmodified polyurethane coatings.After weathering test,the nano-lignin-based coating had a rougher surface with a lower contact angle(0.78°)compared to the unmodified polyurethane coating(0.85°).
文摘193 members of the United Nations approved the 17 Sustainable Development Goals in September 2015.According to the 2030 Agenda,the SDGs contemplated the ending of poverty,the protection of the Earth and the promotion of prosperity for all.Sustainable Development Goal 17(SDG 17)deals specifically with the creation of global alliances for development.The underlying assumption respecting this point is that these stakeholder partnerships encourage the interchange of knowledge,experience,technology,and other resources to administer efficiently the other sixteen SDGs.Although SDG 17 is very well established in theory,in practice there are still appreciable downfalls as to how to successfully make this theory become a reality.This short review will analyse the potential viability of SDG 17“partnerships for the goals”with respect to SDG 7(affordable and clean energy),and thereupon SDG 13(associated with climate action)utilising two south-western France two wind farm initiatives.
文摘In 2015,17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were approved,including SDG13,which addresses actions to increase carbon capture(CO_(2)-C storage)for climate change mitigation.However,no analytical procedures have been defined for quantifying soil organic carbon(SOC)sequestration.This paper presents a rapid tool for guiding farmers and for monitoring SOC sequestration in farmer fields.The tool consists of multiconstituent soil analyses through near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)and an SOC mineralization model.The tool provides forecasts of SOC sequestration over time.Soil analyses by NIRS have been calibrated and validated for farmer fields in European countries,China,New Zealand,and Vietnam.Results indicate a high accuracy of determination for SOC(R^(2)≥0.93),and for inorganic C,soil texture,and soil bulk density.Permanganate oxidizable soil C is used as proxy for active SOC,to detect early management-induced changes in SOC contents,and is also quantified by NIRS(R^(2)=0.92).A pedotransfer function is used to convert the results of the soil analyses to SOC sequestration in kg·ha^(-1)C as well as CO_(2).In conclusion,the tool allows fast,quantitative,and action-driven monitoring of SOC sequestration in farmer fields,and thereby is an essential tool for monitoring progress of SDG13.
