Tezontle from the Anáhuac Basin became Mexico’s second IUGS Heritage Stone in August 2024.This volcanic scoria of basaltic to basaltic-andesitic composition,once considered a‘providential gift’or a‘divine mat...Tezontle from the Anáhuac Basin became Mexico’s second IUGS Heritage Stone in August 2024.This volcanic scoria of basaltic to basaltic-andesitic composition,once considered a‘providential gift’or a‘divine material’,has been used for over twenty centuries in countless architectural monuments,many of which are included in UNESCO’s World Heritage List.The abundant availability of tezontle in central Mexico,combined with its exceptional physical properties of lightness,hardness,and durability,made it the preferred material for building the massive structures of the monumental Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan(1st-7th centuries).展开更多
Dielectric data for volcanic scoria and basalt on the earth at microwave frequency are extremely sparse, and also crucial for volcanic terrains imaging, and development. In consideration of their similarity to lunar r...Dielectric data for volcanic scoria and basalt on the earth at microwave frequency are extremely sparse, and also crucial for volcanic terrains imaging, and development. In consideration of their similarity to lunar regolith (soils and rocks) in chemical and mineral composition, the dielectric data is significative for passive and active microwave remote sensing on the Moon. This study provides the data about the dielectric properties of three kinds of scoria and two kinds of basalt in China. The method put forward in this paper is also applicable for measuring the dielectric properties of dry rocks and other granular ground materials with low complex dielectric constants. Firstly, the authors measured the e' and tanδ values of strip specimens prepared from the mixture of scoria or basalt powder and polythene with the resonant cavity perturbation method at 9370 MHz. Secondly, from the ε' and tanδ values of the mixture, the ε' s and tanδ s values of solid scoria and basalt were calculated using Lichtenecker's mixture formulae. Finally, the effective complex dielectric constants, ε' e and tanδ e , of scoria at different bulk densities were calculated. The results have shown that the ε' s and tanδ s values of all solid basaltic materials measured (both solid basaltic scoria or basalt) are approximately 7 and 0.05, respectively. With increasing bulk density of scoria, the ε' c and tanδ e values of scoria increase significantly.展开更多
In this study,a new GVS(Ground Volcanic Scoria)lunar regolith simulant was produced.The similarity between GVS and lunar soil was proved by comparison with Apollo lunar soil samples and other commercial lunar soil sim...In this study,a new GVS(Ground Volcanic Scoria)lunar regolith simulant was produced.The similarity between GVS and lunar soil was proved by comparison with Apollo lunar soil samples and other commercial lunar soil simulants.Then,GVS lunar regolith simulant was investigated as the source material for preparing geopolymer to produce building material for lunar colony construction.To study the possibility of preparing geopolymer from GVS lunar regolith simulant and the optimum activator formulation as well as the optimum curing conditions,alkaline activated GVS slurries with different mixing ratios based on an orthogonal test scheme were prepared.The geopolymer products based on GVS were characterized by flexural strength test,compressive strength test,X-ray fluorescence(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),29Si magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance(29Si MAS-NMR),and 27Al MAS-NMR.The experimental results indicate that changes in the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide and GVS and curing temperature have the most significant influence on the flexural strength and compressive strength,respectively.The GVS-based geopolymer can obtain the highest 28-day compressive strength and 28-day flexural strength up to 75.6 MPa and 6.3 MPa.Microstructural results imply that the changes of Si occurring in a variety of environments that explaining preliminarily about the reaction mechanism of GVS-based geopolymer.This study approves the feasibility of making a geopolymer derived from the GVS lunar regolith simulant and the potential utilization of geopolymer based on lunar regolith for construction of the lunar colony in future space exploration.展开更多
This study investigates the bond between seawater scoria aggregate concrete(SSAC)and stainless reinforcement(SR)through a series of pull-out tests.A total of 39 specimens,considering five experimental parameters—con-...This study investigates the bond between seawater scoria aggregate concrete(SSAC)and stainless reinforcement(SR)through a series of pull-out tests.A total of 39 specimens,considering five experimental parameters—con-crete type(SSAC,ordinary concrete(OC)and seawater coral aggregate concrete(SCAC)),reinforcement type(SR,ordinary reinforcement(OR)),bond length(3,5 and 8 times bar diameter),concrete strength(C25 and C30)and concrete cover thickness(42 and 67 mm)—were prepared.The typical bond properties(failure pattern,bond strength,bond-slip curves and bond stress distribution,etc.)of seawater scoria aggregate concrete-stainless rein-forcement(SSAC-SR)specimen were systematically studied.Generally,the failure pattern changed with the con-crete type used,and the failure surface of SSAC specimen was different from that of OC specimen.SSAC enhanced the bond strength of specimen,while its effect on the deformation of SSAC-SR was negative.On aver-age,the peak slip of SSAC specimens was 20%lower while the bond strength was 6.7%higher compared to OC specimens under the similar conditions.The effects of variables on the bond strength of SSAC–SR in increasing order are concrete type,bond length,concrete strength and cover thickness.The bond-slip curve of SSAC-SR specimen consisted of micro-slipping,slipping and declining stages.It can be obtained that SSAC reduced the curve curvature of bond-slip,and the decline of curve became steep after adopting SR.The typical distribution of bond stress along bond length changed with the types of concrete and reinforcement used.Finally,a specific expression of the bond stress-slip curve considering the effects of various variables was established,which could provide a basis for the practical application of reinforced SSAC.展开更多
The competitive removal of copper and cadmium from aqueous solutions using scoria has been investigated. Scoria was characterized by various methods, such as XRD, XRF, FT-IR and SEM. The results show that scoria sampl...The competitive removal of copper and cadmium from aqueous solutions using scoria has been investigated. Scoria was characterized by various methods, such as XRD, XRF, FT-IR and SEM. The results show that scoria sample contained augite, enstatite, diopside, and olivine. These minerals were separated from each other and each mineral was then subjected to the adsorption experiments. It was found that the main absorbent constituent in scoria was augite. Finally, statistical experimental method was used to optimization of adsorption conditions（Initial concentration of copper and cadmium ions, the amount of scoria and temperature） for removal of Cu（II） and Cd（II） ions from solution in optimum conditions. The optimum conditions are obtained as follows： concentrations of Cu（II） and Cd（II） of 400×10-6 and 554×10-6, respectively; amount of scoria of 7 g; temperature of 38 ℃. Under these conditions Cu（II） and Cd（II） ions are absorbed onto the scoria more than 79% and 16%, respectively.展开更多
文摘Tezontle from the Anáhuac Basin became Mexico’s second IUGS Heritage Stone in August 2024.This volcanic scoria of basaltic to basaltic-andesitic composition,once considered a‘providential gift’or a‘divine material’,has been used for over twenty centuries in countless architectural monuments,many of which are included in UNESCO’s World Heritage List.The abundant availability of tezontle in central Mexico,combined with its exceptional physical properties of lightness,hardness,and durability,made it the preferred material for building the massive structures of the monumental Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan(1st-7th centuries).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40473036and 40373037) the project of knowledge-innovation program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-115).
文摘Dielectric data for volcanic scoria and basalt on the earth at microwave frequency are extremely sparse, and also crucial for volcanic terrains imaging, and development. In consideration of their similarity to lunar regolith (soils and rocks) in chemical and mineral composition, the dielectric data is significative for passive and active microwave remote sensing on the Moon. This study provides the data about the dielectric properties of three kinds of scoria and two kinds of basalt in China. The method put forward in this paper is also applicable for measuring the dielectric properties of dry rocks and other granular ground materials with low complex dielectric constants. Firstly, the authors measured the e' and tanδ values of strip specimens prepared from the mixture of scoria or basalt powder and polythene with the resonant cavity perturbation method at 9370 MHz. Secondly, from the ε' and tanδ values of the mixture, the ε' s and tanδ s values of solid scoria and basalt were calculated using Lichtenecker's mixture formulae. Finally, the effective complex dielectric constants, ε' e and tanδ e , of scoria at different bulk densities were calculated. The results have shown that the ε' s and tanδ s values of all solid basaltic materials measured (both solid basaltic scoria or basalt) are approximately 7 and 0.05, respectively. With increasing bulk density of scoria, the ε' c and tanδ e values of scoria increase significantly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978029,51622805)the Department of Transportation of Shandong Province of China(No.2018BZ4).
文摘In this study,a new GVS(Ground Volcanic Scoria)lunar regolith simulant was produced.The similarity between GVS and lunar soil was proved by comparison with Apollo lunar soil samples and other commercial lunar soil simulants.Then,GVS lunar regolith simulant was investigated as the source material for preparing geopolymer to produce building material for lunar colony construction.To study the possibility of preparing geopolymer from GVS lunar regolith simulant and the optimum activator formulation as well as the optimum curing conditions,alkaline activated GVS slurries with different mixing ratios based on an orthogonal test scheme were prepared.The geopolymer products based on GVS were characterized by flexural strength test,compressive strength test,X-ray fluorescence(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),29Si magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance(29Si MAS-NMR),and 27Al MAS-NMR.The experimental results indicate that changes in the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide and GVS and curing temperature have the most significant influence on the flexural strength and compressive strength,respectively.The GVS-based geopolymer can obtain the highest 28-day compressive strength and 28-day flexural strength up to 75.6 MPa and 6.3 MPa.Microstructural results imply that the changes of Si occurring in a variety of environments that explaining preliminarily about the reaction mechanism of GVS-based geopolymer.This study approves the feasibility of making a geopolymer derived from the GVS lunar regolith simulant and the potential utilization of geopolymer based on lunar regolith for construction of the lunar colony in future space exploration.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51408346,51978389)the Systematic Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety(2019ZDK035)the Opening Foundation of Shandong Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation(No.CDPM2019KF12).
文摘This study investigates the bond between seawater scoria aggregate concrete(SSAC)and stainless reinforcement(SR)through a series of pull-out tests.A total of 39 specimens,considering five experimental parameters—con-crete type(SSAC,ordinary concrete(OC)and seawater coral aggregate concrete(SCAC)),reinforcement type(SR,ordinary reinforcement(OR)),bond length(3,5 and 8 times bar diameter),concrete strength(C25 and C30)and concrete cover thickness(42 and 67 mm)—were prepared.The typical bond properties(failure pattern,bond strength,bond-slip curves and bond stress distribution,etc.)of seawater scoria aggregate concrete-stainless rein-forcement(SSAC-SR)specimen were systematically studied.Generally,the failure pattern changed with the con-crete type used,and the failure surface of SSAC specimen was different from that of OC specimen.SSAC enhanced the bond strength of specimen,while its effect on the deformation of SSAC-SR was negative.On aver-age,the peak slip of SSAC specimens was 20%lower while the bond strength was 6.7%higher compared to OC specimens under the similar conditions.The effects of variables on the bond strength of SSAC–SR in increasing order are concrete type,bond length,concrete strength and cover thickness.The bond-slip curve of SSAC-SR specimen consisted of micro-slipping,slipping and declining stages.It can be obtained that SSAC reduced the curve curvature of bond-slip,and the decline of curve became steep after adopting SR.The typical distribution of bond stress along bond length changed with the types of concrete and reinforcement used.Finally,a specific expression of the bond stress-slip curve considering the effects of various variables was established,which could provide a basis for the practical application of reinforced SSAC.
文摘The competitive removal of copper and cadmium from aqueous solutions using scoria has been investigated. Scoria was characterized by various methods, such as XRD, XRF, FT-IR and SEM. The results show that scoria sample contained augite, enstatite, diopside, and olivine. These minerals were separated from each other and each mineral was then subjected to the adsorption experiments. It was found that the main absorbent constituent in scoria was augite. Finally, statistical experimental method was used to optimization of adsorption conditions（Initial concentration of copper and cadmium ions, the amount of scoria and temperature） for removal of Cu（II） and Cd（II） ions from solution in optimum conditions. The optimum conditions are obtained as follows： concentrations of Cu（II） and Cd（II） of 400×10-6 and 554×10-6, respectively; amount of scoria of 7 g; temperature of 38 ℃. Under these conditions Cu（II） and Cd（II） ions are absorbed onto the scoria more than 79% and 16%, respectively.
