Antarctic corals are known from the Upper Cretaceous Santa Marta Formation(Santonian–early Campanian)and Gamma Member(late Campanian)of Snow Hill Island Formation(late Campanian–early Maastrichtian)but they have not...Antarctic corals are known from the Upper Cretaceous Santa Marta Formation(Santonian–early Campanian)and Gamma Member(late Campanian)of Snow Hill Island Formation(late Campanian–early Maastrichtian)but they have not so far been taxonomically described.We describe three corals taxa based on 29 specimens collected in 2007 and 2016 on James Ross Island(northeast of the Antarctic Peninsula).They represent the first formal record of scleractinian corals from the Santa Marta Formation,identified as Caryophylliidae indet.and Gamma Member of Snow Hill Island Formation,identified as Astreopora sp.and Fungiacyathus deltoidophorus.The family Caryophylliidae and the genus Astreopora were not restricted to the Weddellian Biogeographic Province but the species Fungiacyathus deltoidophorus was endemic to Antarctica during the Cretaceous.The genus Fungiacyathus and the family Caryophylliidae thrive in Antarctica until the present day.Fungiacyathus occurred in shallower environments during the late Campanian than today.No specimens related to Astreopora have yet to be found in Antarctica after the late Campanian.This can be explained by the capacity of Fungiacyathus and Caryophyllidae to endure cold waters,since they are asymbiotic corals.The symbiotic Astreopora sp.,due to its sensitivity to low temperatures,became extinct in this continent as soon as the Antarctic waters began to cool,around the Campanian/Maastrichtian.The presence of Astreopora sp.in Gamma Member of Snow Hill Island Formation may represents the first occurrence of this genus in Antarctica and the oldest record of this genus in the Southern Hemisphere.展开更多
Bacterial infection is considered to be one of the most critical health issues of the world. It is essential to overcome this problem by the development of new drugs. Marine organisms as corals, sponges, seaweeds, and...Bacterial infection is considered to be one of the most critical health issues of the world. It is essential to overcome this problem by the development of new drugs. Marine organisms as corals, sponges, seaweeds, and other are an incredible source of novel pharmacologically active compounds. Herein, the antimicrobial activity (extract/fractions) of the invasive stony coralTubastraea coccinea was evaluated by the disk diffusion method against 21 microbial strains (ATCC and clinical strains). Micro broth dilution was used to determinate the MIC of the fractions that showed antimicrobial activity by the disk diffusion method. Bioautography assay was also performed. Our results showed that the n-butanol (BF) and aqueous fractions (AF) showed activity against ATCC strains Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 31.25 and 250 μg/mL),Salmonella typhimurium (MIC 125 and 500 μg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC 62.5 and 500 μg/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 62.5 and 500 μg/mL), respectively. Moreover, BF fraction was also effective against the clinical strains S. aureus(MIC 62.5 μg/mL), Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase—KPC (MIC 125 μg/mL), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus—MRSA (MIC 125 μg/mL) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis—VRE (MIC 62.5 μg/mL). The ratio MBC/MIC reinforces the bactericidal profile of BF fraction. The bioautography assay of BF fraction showed the presence of antimicrobial components at R<sub>f</sub>0.55.展开更多
通过ITS基因特异扩增测序,对大鹏半岛海域46种石珊瑚ITS基因片段序列进行了比较分析。结果表明,该片段序列长度在674~806碱基对(bp)之间,A、T含量在40%~55.5%之间,大部分物种的序列碱基A、T含量小于G、C含量。46种造礁珊瑚的平均遗传距...通过ITS基因特异扩增测序,对大鹏半岛海域46种石珊瑚ITS基因片段序列进行了比较分析。结果表明,该片段序列长度在674~806碱基对(bp)之间,A、T含量在40%~55.5%之间,大部分物种的序列碱基A、T含量小于G、C含量。46种造礁珊瑚的平均遗传距离为0.261。采用邻位连接(NJ)和最小进化(ME)法分别构建15种复合型珊瑚的5.8S r DNA系统发育树和28种坚实型珊瑚的ITS2系统发育树,结果显示15种复合型珊瑚的5.8S r RNA序列系统进化聚类结果较符合传统形态学分类结果,而28种坚实型珊瑚的ITS2序列系统进化聚类结果与传统形态学存在较大的差异,提示石珊瑚表型的变异性可能对传统分类存在影响。展开更多
The author traced the history of the thirty years of study of the Vietnamese reefs since the second half of the 20th century up to the present time. This paper describes the types of reefs, taxonomic composition and s...The author traced the history of the thirty years of study of the Vietnamese reefs since the second half of the 20th century up to the present time. This paper describes the types of reefs, taxonomic composition and structure of Scleractinian reef ecosystems. It is shown that due to a high level of diverse knowledge revealed, high species richness of coral fauna of Vietnam (376 species of 80 genera) is a single point of origin coral fauna Indo-Pacific. Analysis of knowledge of Vietnamese corals and reefs revealed the extent of their positive or negative status under anthropogenic influence or under the level of wilderness protection, experiment on artificial cultivation of corals and the re-establishment of a coral community.展开更多
基金supported by Programa Antartico Brasileiro-PROANTAR(CNPq#557347/2005-0#407670/2013-0 and#442677/2018-9 to AWAK)+5 种基金the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico(CNPq#370345/2017-7 to RVSCNPq 312360/2018-5 to TRCNPq#311715/2017-6 to JMS and CNPq#420687/2016-5#313461/2018-0 to AWAK)Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de AmparoaPesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(FAPERJ#E-26/202.905/2018 to AWAKFAPERJ E-26/200.110/2019 to SMS)for the funding of this research。
文摘Antarctic corals are known from the Upper Cretaceous Santa Marta Formation(Santonian–early Campanian)and Gamma Member(late Campanian)of Snow Hill Island Formation(late Campanian–early Maastrichtian)but they have not so far been taxonomically described.We describe three corals taxa based on 29 specimens collected in 2007 and 2016 on James Ross Island(northeast of the Antarctic Peninsula).They represent the first formal record of scleractinian corals from the Santa Marta Formation,identified as Caryophylliidae indet.and Gamma Member of Snow Hill Island Formation,identified as Astreopora sp.and Fungiacyathus deltoidophorus.The family Caryophylliidae and the genus Astreopora were not restricted to the Weddellian Biogeographic Province but the species Fungiacyathus deltoidophorus was endemic to Antarctica during the Cretaceous.The genus Fungiacyathus and the family Caryophylliidae thrive in Antarctica until the present day.Fungiacyathus occurred in shallower environments during the late Campanian than today.No specimens related to Astreopora have yet to be found in Antarctica after the late Campanian.This can be explained by the capacity of Fungiacyathus and Caryophyllidae to endure cold waters,since they are asymbiotic corals.The symbiotic Astreopora sp.,due to its sensitivity to low temperatures,became extinct in this continent as soon as the Antarctic waters began to cool,around the Campanian/Maastrichtian.The presence of Astreopora sp.in Gamma Member of Snow Hill Island Formation may represents the first occurrence of this genus in Antarctica and the oldest record of this genus in the Southern Hemisphere.
文摘Bacterial infection is considered to be one of the most critical health issues of the world. It is essential to overcome this problem by the development of new drugs. Marine organisms as corals, sponges, seaweeds, and other are an incredible source of novel pharmacologically active compounds. Herein, the antimicrobial activity (extract/fractions) of the invasive stony coralTubastraea coccinea was evaluated by the disk diffusion method against 21 microbial strains (ATCC and clinical strains). Micro broth dilution was used to determinate the MIC of the fractions that showed antimicrobial activity by the disk diffusion method. Bioautography assay was also performed. Our results showed that the n-butanol (BF) and aqueous fractions (AF) showed activity against ATCC strains Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 31.25 and 250 μg/mL),Salmonella typhimurium (MIC 125 and 500 μg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC 62.5 and 500 μg/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 62.5 and 500 μg/mL), respectively. Moreover, BF fraction was also effective against the clinical strains S. aureus(MIC 62.5 μg/mL), Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase—KPC (MIC 125 μg/mL), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus—MRSA (MIC 125 μg/mL) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis—VRE (MIC 62.5 μg/mL). The ratio MBC/MIC reinforces the bactericidal profile of BF fraction. The bioautography assay of BF fraction showed the presence of antimicrobial components at R<sub>f</sub>0.55.
文摘通过ITS基因特异扩增测序,对大鹏半岛海域46种石珊瑚ITS基因片段序列进行了比较分析。结果表明,该片段序列长度在674~806碱基对(bp)之间,A、T含量在40%~55.5%之间,大部分物种的序列碱基A、T含量小于G、C含量。46种造礁珊瑚的平均遗传距离为0.261。采用邻位连接(NJ)和最小进化(ME)法分别构建15种复合型珊瑚的5.8S r DNA系统发育树和28种坚实型珊瑚的ITS2系统发育树,结果显示15种复合型珊瑚的5.8S r RNA序列系统进化聚类结果较符合传统形态学分类结果,而28种坚实型珊瑚的ITS2序列系统进化聚类结果与传统形态学存在较大的差异,提示石珊瑚表型的变异性可能对传统分类存在影响。
文摘The author traced the history of the thirty years of study of the Vietnamese reefs since the second half of the 20th century up to the present time. This paper describes the types of reefs, taxonomic composition and structure of Scleractinian reef ecosystems. It is shown that due to a high level of diverse knowledge revealed, high species richness of coral fauna of Vietnam (376 species of 80 genera) is a single point of origin coral fauna Indo-Pacific. Analysis of knowledge of Vietnamese corals and reefs revealed the extent of their positive or negative status under anthropogenic influence or under the level of wilderness protection, experiment on artificial cultivation of corals and the re-establishment of a coral community.
