Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogene...Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous.To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma,we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care.Methods We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care.We extracted data on scale characteristics,domains,frequency,and psychometric properties.Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools.Results Of the 3,405 records initially identified,72 studies were included.These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times.Mood(21.7%),quality of life(24.4%),and supportive care needs(5.2%)assessments were the most frequently assessed items,exceeding half of all scale applications.Among the various assessment dimensions,the Distress Thermometer(DT)was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood,while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-36)was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life.The Mini Mental Status Examination(MMSE)was the most common tool for cognitive assessment.Performance status(5.2%)and social support(6.8%)were underrepresented.Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified.Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented.Conclusions There are significant heterogeneity,domain imbalances,and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care.The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atypical depression is an important indicator of a high risk of bipolar disorder and a genetic predisposition to immunometabolic traits.AIM To analyze common depression assessment scales for their inclusion...BACKGROUND Atypical depression is an important indicator of a high risk of bipolar disorder and a genetic predisposition to immunometabolic traits.AIM To analyze common depression assessment scales for their inclusion of items related to atypical symptoms such as mood reactivity,hypersomnia,increased appetite(or weight gain),leaden paralysis,and interpersonal sensitivity.METHODS A search for English-language articles was conducted without time restrictions in the MEDLINE and Russian Science Citation Index databases using the following keywords:“depression”OR“bipolar depression”AND“scales”OR“questionnaires”.The analytical method used in this review involved a descriptive analysis of the included studies.RESULTS After reviewing studies on the validation of depression assessment scales,we found that only a small number include items addressing both increases and decreases in appetite or weight,as well as variations in sleep duration.Moreover,only a few studies have evaluated mood reactivity,leaden paralysis,and interpersonal sensitivity.The most well-developed scale that considers all aspects of atypical and non-atypical depressions is the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology.CONCLUSION Ignoring atypical symptoms in common scales can lead to underestimation of depression severity and inaccuracies in evaluating therapy effectiveness in clinical trials, as well as hinder fundamental research aimed at finding biomarkers.展开更多
Geologic time is an essential dimension in geological research,acting as a pivotal attribute that integrates data across various subdisciplines.The Geologic Time Scale(GTS)provides a formal framework for interpreting ...Geologic time is an essential dimension in geological research,acting as a pivotal attribute that integrates data across various subdisciplines.The Geologic Time Scale(GTS)provides a formal framework for interpreting and communicating geologic time within the field of geological studies,such as macro-geological evolution and regional geologic surveys.展开更多
Correctly tracking the evolution of spatial heterogeneity of local degree of saturation(Sr)in unsaturated soils is essential to explain the seepage phenomenon,which is crucial to assessing slope stability.Several meth...Correctly tracking the evolution of spatial heterogeneity of local degree of saturation(Sr)in unsaturated soils is essential to explain the seepage phenomenon,which is crucial to assessing slope stability.Several methods exist for quantifying the heterogeneity of local S_(r).However,a comprehensive comparison of these methods in terms of accuracy,relative advantages,and disadvantages is currently lacking.This paper presents a comparative analysis of local Sr obtained at multiple scales,ranging from the element scale to the slice,representative element volume(REV),pore,and voxel scales.The spatial heterogeneity of Sr in an unsaturated glass beads specimen at different matric suctions was visualised and quantified by multiscale X-ray micro-focus computed tomography image-based analysis methods.Local Sr obtained at different scales displayed a comparable trend along the sample depth,yet the REV-scale method showed a much scattered and discontinuous distribution.In contrast,the pore-scale method detected a distinct two-clustered,bimodal distribution of S_(r).The pore-scale method has the highest integrated resolution,as it has the highest spatial resolution(i.e.number of data points)and provides more information(i.e.number of extractable physical parameters).This method thus provides a more effective approach for tracking the spatial heterogeneity of S_(r).Based on this method,pore-scale water retention curves were determined,offering new quantitative means to characterise pore water heterogeneity and explainwater drainage processes such as hysteresis at the pore scale.展开更多
[Objective] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of differ- ent phytohormones on the adventitious bud differentiation of oriental lily. [Method] The bulb scales of the test-tube plantlets of Tiber, ...[Objective] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of differ- ent phytohormones on the adventitious bud differentiation of oriental lily. [Method] The bulb scales of the test-tube plantlets of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were cul- tured in media supplemented with different cytokinin and auxin at different concen- tration, and then the adventitious buds in each treatment were calculated. [Result] Cytokinins had different influence on the adventitious bud differentiation of the three oriental lily cultivars. Among them, 6-BA had the best effect to induce the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales of Tiber and Rodina, but there was some difference in the optimal concentration. KT had the best effect to induce the adven- titious bud differentiation of Constanta. The auxins had little influence on the quality of the adventitious bud of the three oriental lily cultivars, but caused some difference in differentiation coefficients. [Conclusion] The most suitable media for the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales in vitro of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were MS＋0.2 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, MS＋I.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L IAA, MS＋ 1.0 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, respectively.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the effects of different mapping unit scales and study area scales on the uncertainty rules of landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP).To illustrate various study area scales,Ganzhou Ci...This study aims to investigate the effects of different mapping unit scales and study area scales on the uncertainty rules of landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP).To illustrate various study area scales,Ganzhou City in China,its eastern region(Ganzhou East),and Ruijin County in Ganzhou East were chosen.Different mapping unit scales are represented by grid units with spatial resolution of 30 and 60 m,as well as slope units that were extracted by multi-scale segmentation method.The 3855 landslide locations and 21 typical environmental factors in Ganzhou City are first determined to create spatial datasets with input-outputs.Then,landslide susceptibility maps(LSMs)of Ganzhou City,Ganzhou East and Ruijin County are pro-duced using a support vector machine(SVM)and random forest(RF),respectively.The LSMs of the above three regions are then extracted by mask from the LSM of Ganzhou City,along with the LSMs of Ruijin County from Ganzhou East.Additionally,LSMs of Ruijin at various mapping unit scales are generated in accordance.Accuracy and landslide suscepti-bility indexes(LSIs)distribution are used to express LSP uncertainties.The LSP uncertainties under grid units significantly decrease as study area scales decrease from Ganzhou City,Ganzhou East to Ruijin County,whereas those under slope units are less affected by study area scales.Of course,attentions should also be paid to the broader representativeness of large study areas.The LSP accuracy of slope units increases by about 6%–10%compared with those under grid units with 30 m and 60 m resolution in the same study area's scale.The significance of environmental factors exhibits an averaging trend as study area scale increases from small to large.The importance of environmental factors varies greatly with the 60 m grid unit,but it tends to be consistent to some extent in the 30 m grid unit and the slope unit.展开更多
This study reports the analytical solution for a generalized rotational pendulum system with gallows and periodic excited forces.The multiple scales method(MSM)is applied to solve the proposed problem.Several types of...This study reports the analytical solution for a generalized rotational pendulum system with gallows and periodic excited forces.The multiple scales method(MSM)is applied to solve the proposed problem.Several types of rotational pendulum oscillators are studied and talked about in detail.These include the forced damped rotating pendulum oscillator with gallows,the damped standard simple pendulum oscillator,and the damped rotating pendulum oscillator without gallows.The MSM first-order approximations for all the cases mentioned are derived in detail.The obtained results are illustrated with concrete numerical examples.The first-order MSM approximations are compared to the fourth-order Runge-Kutta(RK4)numerical approximations.Additionally,the maximum error is estimated for the first-order approximations obtained through the MSM,compared to the numerical approximations obtained by the RK4 method.Furthermore,we conducted a comparative analysis of the outcomes obtained by the used method(MSM)and He-MSM to ascertain their respective levels of precision.The proposed method can be applied to analyze many strong nonlinear oscillatory equations.展开更多
The upmost segment （Holocene series） of the Milanggouwan stratigraphic section （MGS 1） in the Salawusu River valley shows 11 sedimentary cycles of dune sands and fluvio-lacustrine facies, or dune sands and paleoso...The upmost segment （Holocene series） of the Milanggouwan stratigraphic section （MGS 1） in the Salawusu River valley shows 11 sedimentary cycles of dune sands and fluvio-lacustrine facies, or dune sands and paleosols. The analysis of the magnetic susceptibility of this segment suggests that there are 11 magnetic susceptibility cycles with the value alternating from low to high, in which the layers of the dune sands correspond to the lower value of the magnetic susceptibility and the layers of fluvio-lacustrine facies and paleosols correspond to the higher peaks. The study reveals that the low and high magnetic susceptibility values indicate the climate dominated by cold-arid winter monsoon and warm-humid summer monsoon of East Asia, respectively, and the study area has experienced at least 22 times of milleunial-centennial scales climate alternation from the cold-arid to the warm-humid during the Holocene. In terms of the time and the climate nature, the variations basically correspond to those of the North Atlantic and some records of cold-warm changes in China as well. They might be caused by the alternation of winter and summer monsoons in the Mu Us Desert induced by global climate fluctuations in the Holocene.展开更多
Superhydrophobic coatings are increasingly being evaluated as anticorrosion interventions in exceedingly hydrated environments.However,concerns about their long-term durability and amenability to large-area applicatio...Superhydrophobic coatings are increasingly being evaluated as anticorrosion interventions in exceedingly hydrated environments.However,concerns about their long-term durability and amenability to large-area applications in marine environments are still hindering commercial-scale deployment.This study is focused on development of easy-to-apply superhydrophobic coatings,with multifunctional capabilities,in order to extend the integrity and durability of the coatings in harsh marine environments.Here,a set of facile methods involving selective chemical etching using concentrated Na OH,as well as fluorination with perfluoropolyether methyl ester were adopted to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface on basalt scales,having the required rough hierarchical micro-nanotextured and low surface energy.The superhydrophobic basalt scales were subsequently aligned atop a fluorocarbon resin,pre-deposited on a metal substrate,to yield a multifunctional superhydrophobic coating(3μL water droplet;contact angle=165.1°,rolling angle=0.7°),easily amenable to large surface area application and having excellent wear resistance,UV-aging resistance,salt spray resistance,corrosion resistance and antibacterial capabilities.展开更多
To improve China＇s residential environment evaluation system and enhance its guiding role, current research results are analyzed and summarized from three aspects including research scales, evaluation methods and app...To improve China＇s residential environment evaluation system and enhance its guiding role, current research results are analyzed and summarized from three aspects including research scales, evaluation methods and applied technology by means of comparison, induction and empirical application. The guiding role of the current macro-scale evaluation system of urban planning and construction is generally not obvious, whereas the guiding role of medium and micro-scale systems to the improvement of residential environments is improving. There are diversified methods for determining the threshold values and the weights of indices in China＇s evaluation system. For instance, the analytic hierarchy process（AHP） method is adopted to determine the weights of indices. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are analyzed on the basis of empirical calculation. In the course of comprehensive analyses, a nonlinear model can reflect interactions among indices more than a linear model; the evaluation model under the ARCGIS platform prevails since it combines space and attribute, and it has intuitive results. So far, the methodological system of China＇s residential environment evaluation has not been established; its subject coverage and research category should be expanded, and its guiding role should be enhanced.展开更多
With the development of carbon electricity,achieving a low-carbon economy has become a prevailing and inevitable trend.Improving low-carbon expansion generation planning is critical for carbon emission mitigation and ...With the development of carbon electricity,achieving a low-carbon economy has become a prevailing and inevitable trend.Improving low-carbon expansion generation planning is critical for carbon emission mitigation and a lowcarbon economy.In this paper,a two-layer low-carbon expansion generation planning approach considering the uncertainty of renewable energy at multiple time scales is proposed.First,renewable energy sequences considering the uncertainty in multiple time scales are generated based on the Copula function and the probability distribution of renewable energy.Second,a two-layer generation planning model considering carbon trading and carbon capture technology is established.Specifically,the upper layer model optimizes the investment decision considering the uncertainty at a monthly scale,and the lower layer one optimizes the scheduling considering the peak shaving at an hourly scale and the flexibility at a 15-minute scale.Finally,the results of different influence factors on low-carbon generation expansion planning are compared in a provincial power grid,which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.展开更多
There are millimeter, micron and nanometer scales of pores and fractures in coal to describe different scales of coal pores and fissures communicating path and to quantitatively characterize their permeability. Such i...There are millimeter, micron and nanometer scales of pores and fractures in coal to describe different scales of coal pores and fissures communicating path and to quantitatively characterize their permeability. Such information provides an important basis for studying coalbed methane output mechanism. The pores and fissures in a large number of coal samples were observed and counted by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The probability distribution models of pore-fissure network were then established. Different scales of pore-fissures 2D network models were reconstructed by Monte Carlo method. The 2D seepage models were obtained through assignment zero method and using Matlab software. The effect of permeability on different scale pore-fractures network was obtained by two-dimensional seepage equation. Predicted permeability is compared with the measured ones. The results showed that the dominant order of different scale pore-fractures connected path from high to low is millimeter-sized fractures, seepage pores and micron-size fractures. The contribution of coal reservoir permeability from large to small is millimeter-size fractures, micron-size fractures and seepage pores. Different parameters in different scale pore-fractures are of different influence permeability.Reconstruction of different scale pore-fractures network can clearly display the connectivity of porefractures, which can provide a basis for selecting migration path and studying gas flow pattern.展开更多
Evaluation of the quality of small-bowel cleansing is required to assess the reliability of findings in capsule endoscopy(CE). Moreover, consensus regarding the need of intestinal preparation for CE remains to be achi...Evaluation of the quality of small-bowel cleansing is required to assess the reliability of findings in capsule endoscopy(CE). Moreover, consensus regarding the need of intestinal preparation for CE remains to be achieved. The presence of multiple grading scales for smallbowel preparation in CE, which are time-consuming and complicated, adds difficulty to the comparison of different small-bowel cleansing regimens and their application in clinical practice. Nowadays, a validated scale universally accepted for grading small-bowel cleansing is lacking. In fact, there are numerous grading systems with very different technical characteristics, namely, the parameters and the portion of the CE video that are analyzed, the objectivity of the analysis, the lesser or greater dependency on the operator, and the validation of the score. The authors performed a review which aims to systematize and summarize currently available smallbowel grading scales in CE.展开更多
The microscopic Bouligand-type architectures of fish scales demonstrate a notable efficiency in enhancing the damage tolerance of materials;nevertheless,it is challenging to reproduce in metals.Here bioinspired tungst...The microscopic Bouligand-type architectures of fish scales demonstrate a notable efficiency in enhancing the damage tolerance of materials;nevertheless,it is challenging to reproduce in metals.Here bioinspired tungsten-copper composites with different Bouligand-type architectures mimicking fish scales were fabricated by infiltrating a copper melt into woven contextures of tungsten fibers.These composites exhibit a synergetic enhancement in both strength and ductility at room temperature along with an improved resistance to high-temperature oxidization.The strengths were interpreted by adapting the classical laminate theory to incorporate the characteristics of Bouligand-type architectures.In particular,under load the tungsten fibers can reorient adaptively within the copper matrix by their straightening,stretching,interfacial sliding with the matrix,and the cooperative kinking deformation of fiber grids,representing a successful implementation of the optimizing mechanisms of the Bouligand-type architectures to enhance strength and toughness.This study may serve to promote the development of new high-performance tungsten-copper composites for applications,e.g.,as electrical contacts or heat sinks,and offer a viable approach for constructing bioinspired architectures in metallic materials.展开更多
The theory of time scales,which unifies continuous and discrete analysis,provides a powerful mathematical tool for the study of complex dynamic systems.It enables us to understand more clearly the essential problems o...The theory of time scales,which unifies continuous and discrete analysis,provides a powerful mathematical tool for the study of complex dynamic systems.It enables us to understand more clearly the essential problems of continuous systems and discrete systems as well as other complex systems.In this paper,the theory of generalized canonical transformation for second-order Birkhoffian systems on time scales is proposed and studied,which extends the canonical transformation theory of Hamilton canonical equations.First,the condition of generalized canonical transformation for the second-order Birkhoffian system on time scales is established.Second,based on this condition,six basic forms of generalized canonical transformation for the second-order Birkhoffian system on time scales are given.Also,the relationships between new variables and old variables for each of these cases are derived.In the end,an example is given to show the application of the results.展开更多
We focus on Mei symmetry for time scales nonshifted mechanical systems within Lagrangian framework and its resulting new conserved quantities.Firstly,the dynamic equations of time scales nonshifted holonomic systems a...We focus on Mei symmetry for time scales nonshifted mechanical systems within Lagrangian framework and its resulting new conserved quantities.Firstly,the dynamic equations of time scales nonshifted holonomic systems and time scales nonshifted nonholonomic systems are derived from the generalized Hamilton’s principle.Secondly,the definitions of Mei symmetry on time scales are given and its criterions are deduced.Finally,Mei’s symmetry theorems for time scales nonshifted holonomic conservative systems,time scales nonshifted holonomic nonconservative systems and time scales nonshifted nonholonomic systems are established and proved,and new conserved quantities of above systems are obtained.Results are illustrated with two examples.展开更多
In order to study the scale characteristics of heterogeneities in complex media, a random medium is constructed using a statistical method and by changing model parameters （autocorrelation lengths a and b）, the scal...In order to study the scale characteristics of heterogeneities in complex media, a random medium is constructed using a statistical method and by changing model parameters （autocorrelation lengths a and b）, the scales of heterogeneous geologic bodies in the horizontal and the vertical Cartesian directions may be varied in the medium. The autocorrelation lengths a and b represent the mean scale of heterogeneous geologic bodies in the horizontal and vertical Cartesian directions in the randQm medium, respectively. Based on this model, the relationship between model autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneous geologic body scales is studied by horizontal velocity variation and standard deviation. The horizontal velocity variation research shows that velocities are in random perturbation. The heterogeneous geologic body scale increases with increasing autocorrelation length. The recursion equation for the relationship between autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneous geologic body scales is determined from the velocity standard deviation research and the actual heterogeneous geologic body scale magnitude can be estimated by the equation.展开更多
文摘Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous.To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma,we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care.Methods We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care.We extracted data on scale characteristics,domains,frequency,and psychometric properties.Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools.Results Of the 3,405 records initially identified,72 studies were included.These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times.Mood(21.7%),quality of life(24.4%),and supportive care needs(5.2%)assessments were the most frequently assessed items,exceeding half of all scale applications.Among the various assessment dimensions,the Distress Thermometer(DT)was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood,while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-36)was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life.The Mini Mental Status Examination(MMSE)was the most common tool for cognitive assessment.Performance status(5.2%)and social support(6.8%)were underrepresented.Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified.Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented.Conclusions There are significant heterogeneity,domain imbalances,and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care.The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.
文摘BACKGROUND Atypical depression is an important indicator of a high risk of bipolar disorder and a genetic predisposition to immunometabolic traits.AIM To analyze common depression assessment scales for their inclusion of items related to atypical symptoms such as mood reactivity,hypersomnia,increased appetite(or weight gain),leaden paralysis,and interpersonal sensitivity.METHODS A search for English-language articles was conducted without time restrictions in the MEDLINE and Russian Science Citation Index databases using the following keywords:“depression”OR“bipolar depression”AND“scales”OR“questionnaires”.The analytical method used in this review involved a descriptive analysis of the included studies.RESULTS After reviewing studies on the validation of depression assessment scales,we found that only a small number include items addressing both increases and decreases in appetite or weight,as well as variations in sleep duration.Moreover,only a few studies have evaluated mood reactivity,leaden paralysis,and interpersonal sensitivity.The most well-developed scale that considers all aspects of atypical and non-atypical depressions is the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology.CONCLUSION Ignoring atypical symptoms in common scales can lead to underestimation of depression severity and inaccuracies in evaluating therapy effectiveness in clinical trials, as well as hinder fundamental research aimed at finding biomarkers.
基金supported by the Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant number:2024ZD1001105)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:42488201).
文摘Geologic time is an essential dimension in geological research,acting as a pivotal attribute that integrates data across various subdisciplines.The Geologic Time Scale(GTS)provides a formal framework for interpreting and communicating geologic time within the field of geological studies,such as macro-geological evolution and regional geologic surveys.
基金support provided by the research funds from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(Grant Nos.16206623,N_HKUST603/22,and C6006-20G).
文摘Correctly tracking the evolution of spatial heterogeneity of local degree of saturation(Sr)in unsaturated soils is essential to explain the seepage phenomenon,which is crucial to assessing slope stability.Several methods exist for quantifying the heterogeneity of local S_(r).However,a comprehensive comparison of these methods in terms of accuracy,relative advantages,and disadvantages is currently lacking.This paper presents a comparative analysis of local Sr obtained at multiple scales,ranging from the element scale to the slice,representative element volume(REV),pore,and voxel scales.The spatial heterogeneity of Sr in an unsaturated glass beads specimen at different matric suctions was visualised and quantified by multiscale X-ray micro-focus computed tomography image-based analysis methods.Local Sr obtained at different scales displayed a comparable trend along the sample depth,yet the REV-scale method showed a much scattered and discontinuous distribution.In contrast,the pore-scale method detected a distinct two-clustered,bimodal distribution of S_(r).The pore-scale method has the highest integrated resolution,as it has the highest spatial resolution(i.e.number of data points)and provides more information(i.e.number of extractable physical parameters).This method thus provides a more effective approach for tracking the spatial heterogeneity of S_(r).Based on this method,pore-scale water retention curves were determined,offering new quantitative means to characterise pore water heterogeneity and explainwater drainage processes such as hysteresis at the pore scale.
基金Supported by Special Fund for the Dominant Subjects Development of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu ProvinceScience and Technology Innovation Fund of Nanjing Forestry University(X09-120-4)~~
文摘[Objective] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of differ- ent phytohormones on the adventitious bud differentiation of oriental lily. [Method] The bulb scales of the test-tube plantlets of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were cul- tured in media supplemented with different cytokinin and auxin at different concen- tration, and then the adventitious buds in each treatment were calculated. [Result] Cytokinins had different influence on the adventitious bud differentiation of the three oriental lily cultivars. Among them, 6-BA had the best effect to induce the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales of Tiber and Rodina, but there was some difference in the optimal concentration. KT had the best effect to induce the adven- titious bud differentiation of Constanta. The auxins had little influence on the quality of the adventitious bud of the three oriental lily cultivars, but caused some difference in differentiation coefficients. [Conclusion] The most suitable media for the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales in vitro of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were MS＋0.2 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, MS＋I.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L IAA, MS＋ 1.0 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, respectively.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(41807285)Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund of Natural Science,NanChang University(9167-28220007-YB2107).
文摘This study aims to investigate the effects of different mapping unit scales and study area scales on the uncertainty rules of landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP).To illustrate various study area scales,Ganzhou City in China,its eastern region(Ganzhou East),and Ruijin County in Ganzhou East were chosen.Different mapping unit scales are represented by grid units with spatial resolution of 30 and 60 m,as well as slope units that were extracted by multi-scale segmentation method.The 3855 landslide locations and 21 typical environmental factors in Ganzhou City are first determined to create spatial datasets with input-outputs.Then,landslide susceptibility maps(LSMs)of Ganzhou City,Ganzhou East and Ruijin County are pro-duced using a support vector machine(SVM)and random forest(RF),respectively.The LSMs of the above three regions are then extracted by mask from the LSM of Ganzhou City,along with the LSMs of Ruijin County from Ganzhou East.Additionally,LSMs of Ruijin at various mapping unit scales are generated in accordance.Accuracy and landslide suscepti-bility indexes(LSIs)distribution are used to express LSP uncertainties.The LSP uncertainties under grid units significantly decrease as study area scales decrease from Ganzhou City,Ganzhou East to Ruijin County,whereas those under slope units are less affected by study area scales.Of course,attentions should also be paid to the broader representativeness of large study areas.The LSP accuracy of slope units increases by about 6%–10%compared with those under grid units with 30 m and 60 m resolution in the same study area's scale.The significance of environmental factors exhibits an averaging trend as study area scale increases from small to large.The importance of environmental factors varies greatly with the 60 m grid unit,but it tends to be consistent to some extent in the 30 m grid unit and the slope unit.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,through the Program of Research Project Funding After Publication,grant No(44-PRFA-P-107).
文摘This study reports the analytical solution for a generalized rotational pendulum system with gallows and periodic excited forces.The multiple scales method(MSM)is applied to solve the proposed problem.Several types of rotational pendulum oscillators are studied and talked about in detail.These include the forced damped rotating pendulum oscillator with gallows,the damped standard simple pendulum oscillator,and the damped rotating pendulum oscillator without gallows.The MSM first-order approximations for all the cases mentioned are derived in detail.The obtained results are illustrated with concrete numerical examples.The first-order MSM approximations are compared to the fourth-order Runge-Kutta(RK4)numerical approximations.Additionally,the maximum error is estimated for the first-order approximations obtained through the MSM,compared to the numerical approximations obtained by the RK4 method.Furthermore,we conducted a comparative analysis of the outcomes obtained by the used method(MSM)and He-MSM to ascertain their respective levels of precision.The proposed method can be applied to analyze many strong nonlinear oscillatory equations.
基金Under the auspices of National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB833405)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40772118, 49971009)
文摘The upmost segment （Holocene series） of the Milanggouwan stratigraphic section （MGS 1） in the Salawusu River valley shows 11 sedimentary cycles of dune sands and fluvio-lacustrine facies, or dune sands and paleosols. The analysis of the magnetic susceptibility of this segment suggests that there are 11 magnetic susceptibility cycles with the value alternating from low to high, in which the layers of the dune sands correspond to the lower value of the magnetic susceptibility and the layers of fluvio-lacustrine facies and paleosols correspond to the higher peaks. The study reveals that the low and high magnetic susceptibility values indicate the climate dominated by cold-arid winter monsoon and warm-humid summer monsoon of East Asia, respectively, and the study area has experienced at least 22 times of milleunial-centennial scales climate alternation from the cold-arid to the warm-humid during the Holocene. In terms of the time and the climate nature, the variations basically correspond to those of the North Atlantic and some records of cold-warm changes in China as well. They might be caused by the alternation of winter and summer monsoons in the Mu Us Desert induced by global climate fluctuations in the Holocene.
基金the financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the contract No.51871049the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under the contract No.2017YFB0702303+1 种基金Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program under the contract No.XLYC1807076the World Bank funded Africa Centers of Excellence for Development Impact(ACE Impact)Project。
文摘Superhydrophobic coatings are increasingly being evaluated as anticorrosion interventions in exceedingly hydrated environments.However,concerns about their long-term durability and amenability to large-area applications in marine environments are still hindering commercial-scale deployment.This study is focused on development of easy-to-apply superhydrophobic coatings,with multifunctional capabilities,in order to extend the integrity and durability of the coatings in harsh marine environments.Here,a set of facile methods involving selective chemical etching using concentrated Na OH,as well as fluorination with perfluoropolyether methyl ester were adopted to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface on basalt scales,having the required rough hierarchical micro-nanotextured and low surface energy.The superhydrophobic basalt scales were subsequently aligned atop a fluorocarbon resin,pre-deposited on a metal substrate,to yield a multifunctional superhydrophobic coating(3μL water droplet;contact angle=165.1°,rolling angle=0.7°),easily amenable to large surface area application and having excellent wear resistance,UV-aging resistance,salt spray resistance,corrosion resistance and antibacterial capabilities.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan(No.2006BAJ11B04-2)the Soft Science Project of the Ministry of Construction of China(No.2008-R2-25)
文摘To improve China＇s residential environment evaluation system and enhance its guiding role, current research results are analyzed and summarized from three aspects including research scales, evaluation methods and applied technology by means of comparison, induction and empirical application. The guiding role of the current macro-scale evaluation system of urban planning and construction is generally not obvious, whereas the guiding role of medium and micro-scale systems to the improvement of residential environments is improving. There are diversified methods for determining the threshold values and the weights of indices in China＇s evaluation system. For instance, the analytic hierarchy process（AHP） method is adopted to determine the weights of indices. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are analyzed on the basis of empirical calculation. In the course of comprehensive analyses, a nonlinear model can reflect interactions among indices more than a linear model; the evaluation model under the ARCGIS platform prevails since it combines space and attribute, and it has intuitive results. So far, the methodological system of China＇s residential environment evaluation has not been established; its subject coverage and research category should be expanded, and its guiding role should be enhanced.
基金supported partly by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0702200)the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company(520604190002)。
文摘With the development of carbon electricity,achieving a low-carbon economy has become a prevailing and inevitable trend.Improving low-carbon expansion generation planning is critical for carbon emission mitigation and a lowcarbon economy.In this paper,a two-layer low-carbon expansion generation planning approach considering the uncertainty of renewable energy at multiple time scales is proposed.First,renewable energy sequences considering the uncertainty in multiple time scales are generated based on the Copula function and the probability distribution of renewable energy.Second,a two-layer generation planning model considering carbon trading and carbon capture technology is established.Specifically,the upper layer model optimizes the investment decision considering the uncertainty at a monthly scale,and the lower layer one optimizes the scheduling considering the peak shaving at an hourly scale and the flexibility at a 15-minute scale.Finally,the results of different influence factors on low-carbon generation expansion planning are compared in a provincial power grid,which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
基金in major projects of Henan Province University Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Program of China (No. 15HASTIT050)Funding Scheme for Henan Province the Young Key Teachers (No. 2013GGJS-049) of ChinaScience and Technology Department of Henan Province of China (No. 142102210050)
文摘There are millimeter, micron and nanometer scales of pores and fractures in coal to describe different scales of coal pores and fissures communicating path and to quantitatively characterize their permeability. Such information provides an important basis for studying coalbed methane output mechanism. The pores and fissures in a large number of coal samples were observed and counted by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The probability distribution models of pore-fissure network were then established. Different scales of pore-fissures 2D network models were reconstructed by Monte Carlo method. The 2D seepage models were obtained through assignment zero method and using Matlab software. The effect of permeability on different scale pore-fractures network was obtained by two-dimensional seepage equation. Predicted permeability is compared with the measured ones. The results showed that the dominant order of different scale pore-fractures connected path from high to low is millimeter-sized fractures, seepage pores and micron-size fractures. The contribution of coal reservoir permeability from large to small is millimeter-size fractures, micron-size fractures and seepage pores. Different parameters in different scale pore-fractures are of different influence permeability.Reconstruction of different scale pore-fractures network can clearly display the connectivity of porefractures, which can provide a basis for selecting migration path and studying gas flow pattern.
文摘Evaluation of the quality of small-bowel cleansing is required to assess the reliability of findings in capsule endoscopy(CE). Moreover, consensus regarding the need of intestinal preparation for CE remains to be achieved. The presence of multiple grading scales for smallbowel preparation in CE, which are time-consuming and complicated, adds difficulty to the comparison of different small-bowel cleansing regimens and their application in clinical practice. Nowadays, a validated scale universally accepted for grading small-bowel cleansing is lacking. In fact, there are numerous grading systems with very different technical characteristics, namely, the parameters and the portion of the CE video that are analyzed, the objectivity of the analysis, the lesser or greater dependency on the operator, and the validation of the score. The authors performed a review which aims to systematize and summarize currently available smallbowel grading scales in CE.
基金the financial support by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant number 2020YFA0710404the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 51871216+5 种基金the KC Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2020-09)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Programthe State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials at Donghua Universitythe Opening Project of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of High-End Structural Materials under grant number hsm1801the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CASsupport from the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative to University of California Riverside,funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research(AFOSR-FA9550–15–1–0009)and subcontracted to the University of California Berkeley。
文摘The microscopic Bouligand-type architectures of fish scales demonstrate a notable efficiency in enhancing the damage tolerance of materials;nevertheless,it is challenging to reproduce in metals.Here bioinspired tungsten-copper composites with different Bouligand-type architectures mimicking fish scales were fabricated by infiltrating a copper melt into woven contextures of tungsten fibers.These composites exhibit a synergetic enhancement in both strength and ductility at room temperature along with an improved resistance to high-temperature oxidization.The strengths were interpreted by adapting the classical laminate theory to incorporate the characteristics of Bouligand-type architectures.In particular,under load the tungsten fibers can reorient adaptively within the copper matrix by their straightening,stretching,interfacial sliding with the matrix,and the cooperative kinking deformation of fiber grids,representing a successful implementation of the optimizing mechanisms of the Bouligand-type architectures to enhance strength and toughness.This study may serve to promote the development of new high-performance tungsten-copper composites for applications,e.g.,as electrical contacts or heat sinks,and offer a viable approach for constructing bioinspired architectures in metallic materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 11972241 and 11572212)
文摘The theory of time scales,which unifies continuous and discrete analysis,provides a powerful mathematical tool for the study of complex dynamic systems.It enables us to understand more clearly the essential problems of continuous systems and discrete systems as well as other complex systems.In this paper,the theory of generalized canonical transformation for second-order Birkhoffian systems on time scales is proposed and studied,which extends the canonical transformation theory of Hamilton canonical equations.First,the condition of generalized canonical transformation for the second-order Birkhoffian system on time scales is established.Second,based on this condition,six basic forms of generalized canonical transformation for the second-order Birkhoffian system on time scales are given.Also,the relationships between new variables and old variables for each of these cases are derived.In the end,an example is given to show the application of the results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 11972241 and 11572212)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant BK20191454).
文摘We focus on Mei symmetry for time scales nonshifted mechanical systems within Lagrangian framework and its resulting new conserved quantities.Firstly,the dynamic equations of time scales nonshifted holonomic systems and time scales nonshifted nonholonomic systems are derived from the generalized Hamilton’s principle.Secondly,the definitions of Mei symmetry on time scales are given and its criterions are deduced.Finally,Mei’s symmetry theorems for time scales nonshifted holonomic conservative systems,time scales nonshifted holonomic nonconservative systems and time scales nonshifted nonholonomic systems are established and proved,and new conserved quantities of above systems are obtained.Results are illustrated with two examples.
基金sponsored by the 973 Program (No. 2009CB219505)the Talents Introduction Special Project of Guangdong Ocean University (No. 0812182)
文摘In order to study the scale characteristics of heterogeneities in complex media, a random medium is constructed using a statistical method and by changing model parameters （autocorrelation lengths a and b）, the scales of heterogeneous geologic bodies in the horizontal and the vertical Cartesian directions may be varied in the medium. The autocorrelation lengths a and b represent the mean scale of heterogeneous geologic bodies in the horizontal and vertical Cartesian directions in the randQm medium, respectively. Based on this model, the relationship between model autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneous geologic body scales is studied by horizontal velocity variation and standard deviation. The horizontal velocity variation research shows that velocities are in random perturbation. The heterogeneous geologic body scale increases with increasing autocorrelation length. The recursion equation for the relationship between autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneous geologic body scales is determined from the velocity standard deviation research and the actual heterogeneous geologic body scale magnitude can be estimated by the equation.
