Since modern Saudi novel vividly captures the essence of cultural and social life in Saudi Arabia,this paper aims to unveil the manifestation of historical events that generated new issues and discourses shaping moder...Since modern Saudi novel vividly captures the essence of cultural and social life in Saudi Arabia,this paper aims to unveil the manifestation of historical events that generated new issues and discourses shaping modern Saudi culture and society as depicted in Aziz Mohammed’s The Critical Case of a Man Called K(2021).The examination of its cultural and social context,thus,serves as an evaluation of a historical record that depicts the episteme of modern Saudi society.However,as ample as previous works on Saudi literature may be,most of them disregard the use of New Historicism in examining modern Saudi novels.This paper,therefore,utilizes New Historicism to unveil the nature of modern Saudi episteme as depicted by the young author Aziz Mohammed in The Critical Case of a Man Called K(2021)and to gain insight into modern Saudi discourses and issues shaped by historical and economic events.The study finds that the novel depicts a dystopian reality due to the implications of both late capitalism and globalization in modern Saudi Arabia.Furthermore,the novel highlights how far the discourse of Saudi Vision 2030,with its various aims,penetrates both society and culture,shaping a great part of modern Saudi episteme.The paper concludes by affirming Mohammed’s novel assertion of New Historicism’s main assumption that the text cannot be divorced from its historical,cultural,and social context and that it serves as a record indicative of a specific and unique episteme.展开更多
This research addresses a vital aspect of corporate sustainability by exploring the impact of ESG disclosures on the performance of petrochemical companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange.Focusing on the period fro...This research addresses a vital aspect of corporate sustainability by exploring the impact of ESG disclosures on the performance of petrochemical companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange.Focusing on the period from 2020 to 2022,it provides critical insights into how ESG practices contribute to achieving organizational sustainability goals while enhancing financial performance.The study evaluates the relationship between ESG disclosures and key financial efficiency measures,including ROA,ROE,ROS,and ROI.A quantitative analysis was conducted on 153 observations using panel regression and descriptive statistics,incorporating control variables such as firm size,financial leverage,and audit quality to isolate the specific impact of ESG disclosure.The findings reveal a positive relationship between ESG reporting and financial performance,emphasizing the dual role of ESG practices in driving financial success and fostering sustainable development.The study highlights the importance of unified,standardized ESG reporting guidelines to enhance the validity and usability of ESG practices.It also underscores the need to educate investors about the financial implications of ESG,as informed investors are more likely to champion sustainable business strategies.Additionally,the research advocates for targeted workshops aimed at financial report developers to improve the quality and effectiveness of ESG reporting.It provides a valuable contribution to the evolving discourse on sustainable finance.It offers practical recommendations for policymakers,organizations,and investors,thereby fostering the integration of ESG principles into corporate strategies.展开更多
Objectives:Nurses working in critical care units may encounter substantial work-related strain,and elevated levels of stress can lead to burnout,ultimately impacting both the quality of nursing care and their overall ...Objectives:Nurses working in critical care units may encounter substantial work-related strain,and elevated levels of stress can lead to burnout,ultimately impacting both the quality of nursing care and their overall working experience.This study aimed to assess job burnout and determine the factors that contribute to it among critical care nurses in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Methods:This study employed a descriptive,exploratory,cross-sectional research design.A total of 220 nurses employed in the critical care units of 5 private hospitals in the eastern region were selected for participation in this study using a convenience sample method.An electronic survey was distributed to critical care nurses in the Eastern Province who satisfied the specified inclusion criteria.The job burnout questionnaire utilized in this study was derived from previously conducted research,which has been established as a reliable and valid survey instrument.The process of data analysis was conducted utilizing the SPSS program.The scientific research conducted on human subjects adhered rigorously to all ethical considerations.Results:The highest percentage of nurses at the critical care units reported experiencing moderate levels of job burnout.Nurses exhibiting greater levels of professional experience demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in overall burnout scores when compared to their less experienced counterparts.Furthermore,within the realm of sociodemographic factors,it was found that the only significant independent predictor for job burnout was the level of experience among critical care nurses.Conclusions:The prevalence of burnout among nurses in critical care settings was found to be significant,with most participants reporting moderate levels of burnout which can yield significant ramifications for nurses and healthcare professionals.Consequently,healthcare organizations must accord primacy to the welfare of their staff and adopt proactive strategies to mitigate job burnout.展开更多
Coronavirus is a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused by a novel coronavirus belonging to the family Coronaviridae. The disease was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei...Coronavirus is a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused by a novel coronavirus belonging to the family Coronaviridae. The disease was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. A few months later, the disease spread all over the world and became an epidemic. The infection for most people is mild to moderate but in Vulnerable groups, if they have the infections, they might experience severe COVID-19. Saudi Arabia initiated its response plan early, and all sectors and agencies worked in an integrated way to combat the disease. It has maintained proper communication during the pandemic and ensured community involvement, epidemiologic surveillance, and activation of rapid response teams. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected daily lives. Schools and daycares were closed, education was online, traveling stopped, work was suspended, gathering in social activities and practicing religious rituals, like praying or doing Umrah or Hajj, were banded. Changing lifestyles as a response to COVID-19 impacted whole communities with different categories of children, parents, and families. Women usually take the majority of daily responsibilities. The sudden change in lifestyle during COVID-19 put pressure on mothers, especially those who are working to balance work and family obligations. This study aims to identify the impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 on working mothers in Saudi Arabia. Method: Data of the study was collected through survey posted on social media and analyzed through Excel. It focuses on five aspects: health, lifestyle, social relations, work production and financial status. Our target population was working mothers in Saudi Arabia aged at least 25 years. Results: In this study, all factors affected working mothers categorized under two groups: Social Economic Status and Work suspension. For Social Economic Status factors, we find five factors which are monthly income, main breadwinner, number of children at school age, type of housing, and type of work. Almost all mothers include spiritual activities to their routine to cope with stress during this period. About half of our sample have negative impact on their mental health because they are the main breadwinner, and mothers with a smaller number of children at school age have more challenges to cope up. We found that mothers who own a house or work at governmental sector have better outcome of health. After analyzing data related to Work suspension, we found that mothers who have work support have better management for life circumstances, however their health outcomes were negatively affected. In addition, mothers working at education sector have the highest positive impact among other sectors. Our data shows that working mothers’ abilities to follow up with their children decreased. This study recommends that there is need to invest more in working mothers’ research and supportive programs and ensure collaboration globally to address working mothers’ needs and share experiences.展开更多
This review aims to analyze the development and impact of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in the context of Saudi Arabia’s public healthcare system to fulfill Vision 2030 objectives.It is extensively devoted to AI technol...This review aims to analyze the development and impact of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in the context of Saudi Arabia’s public healthcare system to fulfill Vision 2030 objectives.It is extensively devoted to AI technology deployment relevant to disease management,healthcare delivery,epidemiology,and policy-making.However,its AI is culturally sensitive and ethically grounded in Islam.Based on the PRISMA framework,an SLR evaluated primary academic literature,cases,and practices of Saudi Arabia’s AI implementation in the public healthcare sector.Instead,it categorizes prior research based on how AI can work,the issues it poses,and its implications for the Kingdom’s healthcare system.The Saudi Arabian context analyses show that AI has increased the discreet prediction of diseases,resource management,and monitoring outbreaks during mass congregations such as hajj.Therefore,the study outlines critical areas for defining the potential for artificial intelligence and areas for enhancing digital development to support global healthcare progress.The key themes emerging from the review include Saudi Arabia:(i)the effectiveness of AI with human interaction for sustainable health services;(ii)conditions and quality control to enhance the quality of health care services using AI;(iii)environmental factors as influencing factors for public health care;(iv)Artificial Intelligence,and advanced decision-making technology for Middle Eastern health care systems.For policymakers,healthcare managers,and researchers who will engage with AI innovation,the review proclaims that AI applications should respect the country’s socio-cultural and ethical practices and pave the way for sustainable healthcare provision.More empirical research is needed on the implementation issues with AI,creating culturally appropriate models of AI,and finding new applications of AI to address the increasing demand for healthcare services in Saudi Arabia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dysphagia requires prompt evaluation but data regarding referral-to-assessment intervals and its association with outcomes in tertiary care are scarce,especially in Saudi Arabia.AIM To investigate the asses...BACKGROUND Dysphagia requires prompt evaluation but data regarding referral-to-assessment intervals and its association with outcomes in tertiary care are scarce,especially in Saudi Arabia.AIM To investigate the assessment and outcome of consecutive dysphagia referrals to a tertiary gastroenterology practice.METHODS This retrospective single-center study analyzed 207 consecutive dysphagia referrals to King Saud Medical City(2022-2023).Data collection included referral timelines,diagnostic investigations,etiologies and outcomes.Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 28.0,employing χ^(2) tests and analysis of variance,with P<0.05 considered statistically significant.RESULTS Total 168 patients included in this study(mean age 45.7±17.7 years,50% male),referral delays>2 weeks occurred in 44%for clinical assessment and 50%for endoscopy.Gastroesophageal reflux disease was most common(45.2%),followed by eosinophilic esophagitis(14.8%)and malignancy(6.5%).Patients receiving endoscopy within 2 weeks showed an 84.6%improvement,compared to 76.0%with delayed referral(P=0.012).All malignant cases were referred within 2 weeks,compared to 52.7% of non-malignant cases(P=0.013).However,67%of the malignant cases worsened,and 33%died.CONCLUSION Early endoscopy within 2 weeks provides significant benefit.Optimised management of dysphagia should consist of more direct referral pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND:In-flight medical emergencies(IMEs)present significant challenges to healthcare professionals,particularly those with limited training or experience in managing such situations.The objective of this study w...BACKGROUND:In-flight medical emergencies(IMEs)present significant challenges to healthcare professionals,particularly those with limited training or experience in managing such situations.The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors of licensed doctors in Saudi Arabia concerning IMEs,and to identify the demographic factors influencing their preparedness.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 383 licensed physicians across five regions of Saudi Arabia.Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing demographics,knowledge of IMEs,attitudes towards providing assistance,and previous experience with in-flight emergencies.Data were analyzed using SPSS 26,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:The results revealed a predominantly young(75.8% aged 25-34 years)and male(69.6%)participant pool.While 76.6% of respondents recognized the impact of cabin pressure on oxygen,only 45.4% correctly identified air travel risks for asthmatic patients.Although 66.8% felt confident assisting in IMEs,20.9% cited medicolegal concerns.Moreover,area of working within Saudi Arabia(P=0.020),year of experience(P=0.041),prior experience with IMEs(P=0.021),and IMEs training(P<0.001)had a significant association with levels of knowledge.CONCLUSION:The study highlights a critical need for enhanced training programs with a focus on the management of IMEs among healthcare practitioners in Saudi Arabia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hip dysplasia is a widespread and debilitating musculoskeletal disorder that affects children.Its prevalence varies across different nations.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of developmental hip dysplasia(DDH...BACKGROUND Hip dysplasia is a widespread and debilitating musculoskeletal disorder that affects children.Its prevalence varies across different nations.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of developmental hip dysplasia(DDH)within the pediatric population of Al Jouf province.METHODS From January 2018 to December 2023,children with DDH from all cities of Al Jouf were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study.The disease prevalence was calculated for the entire province as well as for individual cities within the territory.RESULTS The study included 427 patients with DDH with an overall prevalence of 0.50%,or 5.0 per 1000 live births.At the city level,Sakaka had the highest prevalence at 14.2 per 1000 Live births followed by Qurayyat at 2.2 per 1000 live births.In contrast,cities like Suwayr,Abu Ajram,and Meegowa did not show any incidence of DDH.Significant differences were observed in the sociodemographic characteristics,such as age,sex,and nationality,across the different cities(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The prevalence of DDH in the Al Jouf province is high.The data delivers invaluable insights into the epidemiology of DDH in the Al Jouf locality.The findings highlight the need for targeted screening of DDH across the province.展开更多
As it leads to a significant transformation under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative,artificial intelligence(AI)is changing the course of corporate systems,including financial reporting.This research examines the ...As it leads to a significant transformation under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative,artificial intelligence(AI)is changing the course of corporate systems,including financial reporting.This research examines the role of AI in advancing financial reporting quality(FRQ)in the Kingdom’s evolving movement toward improved economy and governance.Using qualitative methodology informed by semi-structured interviews with senior finance leaders,auditors,and regulatory professionals in key sectors,the study reveals rich details about how AI technologies can-and will-be realized today,and how they can effectively improve reporting accuracy,timeliness,transparency,and regulatory compliance.The study helpfully outlines several dimensions where,as sworn,AI is advancing FRQ by automating a range of complicated data-intensive tasks,examining and identifying irregularities,and contributing to real-time decision making.Participants explained that AI would reinforce FRQ by ensuring ethical and transparent governance and enabling investment in co-human collaborative decision-making.The findings relate to agency and stakeholder theories.The research supports the notion that AI reduces information asymmetry and builds trust with investors and regulators.This study adds to a small number of qualitative studies on AI and financial governance in emerging economies and has important implications for policymakers,corporate actors,and standard setters.Moreover,it demonstrates the requirement for a collaborative national AI governance approach to ensure optimized value under the full potential of digital transformation and financial reporting standards.Future studies may explore longitudinal or cross-country comparative studies to further develop these insights and understanding.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cancer survivorship is a growing concern globally,yet few studies have explored the quality of life(QoL)outcomes among survivors in the Middle East,particularly in Saudi Arabia.AIM To assess QoL using the W...BACKGROUND Cancer survivorship is a growing concern globally,yet few studies have explored the quality of life(QoL)outcomes among survivors in the Middle East,particularly in Saudi Arabia.AIM To assess QoL using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF(WHOQOL-BREF)and to evaluate the impact of demographic and clinical factors among Saudi cancer survivors.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 102 adult cancer survivors recruited from a tertiary hospital in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia.Participants completed the WHOQOLBREF,which assesses four QoL domains,including physical health,psychological health,social relationships,and environment.Univariate and multivariable robust linear regression models(Huber estimator)were used to identify QoL score predictors,adjusted for key sociodemographic and clinical variables.RESULTS The mean participant age was 44.5 years;72.5%of the participants were female.The mean domain scores were as follows:physical health was 3.05±0.53,psychological health was 3.56±0.79,social relationships was 3.39±0.84,and environment was 3.29±0.74.Socioeconomic and social vulnerability factors,including low income,rental housing,widowed/divorced marital status,and lower education,were independently associated with poorer QoL scores.Residents in rural settings had significantly lower scores in all domains.CONCLUSION Our findings reveal noticeable disparities in QoL among Saudi cancer survivors driven by socioeconomic and demographic factors.These insights underscore the need for context-sensitive survivorship programs in Saudi Arabia,with special attention to social support,mental health,and economic stability.展开更多
Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS),a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women,has substantial physical and psychological impacts.While the physical manifestations of PCOS are well established,the...Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS),a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women,has substantial physical and psychological impacts.While the physical manifestations of PCOS are well established,the psychological burden,especially anxiety,is understudied in Saudi Arabia.This study aimed to assess the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among females with PCOS compared to those without PCOS,and to identify the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with anxiety in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2023 using an Arabic self-administered online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms.The study recruited 410 reproductive-age females(≥18 years)from the Jazan region using convenience sampling.The questionnaire encompassed socio-demographic characteristics,economic indicators,medical history,PCOS symptoms,and the validated Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)assessment tool.Results The prevalence of PCOS in the study population was 22.44%.Women with PCOS showed significantly higher anxiety levels compared to controls without PCOS(32.61%vs.22.33%).Biochemical hyperandrogenism was the strongest predictor of anxiety(OR=4.179).Menstrual irregularities demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship with anxiety risk,wherein participants with 2–3 months and≥3 months of amenorrhea had 2.5-and 3.3-times higher odds of anxiety compared to those with regular cycles(OR=2.451 and 3.314).Other PCOS-related dermatological manifestations were also associated with increased anxiety,including hirsutism(OR=1.745),alopecia(OR=2.285)and acne(OR=1.723).Marital status was a significant factor,with divorced/widowed females having 4.4-fold higher anxiety odds compared to single females(OR=4.371).Conclusion PCOS presents a significant psychological burden in Saudi women,with anxiety prevalence higher than the general population.The robust associations between PCOS manifestations and anxiety emphasize the need for integrated healthcare approaches that address both endocrine and mental health aspects.Routine psychological screening and support services should be incorporated into PCOS management protocols.展开更多
This paper will provide a proposed solution for saving energy consumption due to residential air conditioners by reducing the window air conditioners type which is the most consumed energy and has a big percent of spr...This paper will provide a proposed solution for saving energy consumption due to residential air conditioners by reducing the window air conditioners type which is the most consumed energy and has a big percent of spreading inside KSA than the split type, also it will discuss some restrictions for trading and manufacturing of air conditioner devices inside KSA besides some restrictions on market and buildings to achieve the objective of reducing the consumption of energy which become a big trend in kingdom vision 2030. The results of this suggesting solution will help the decision-makers to start its plan for execution as it has a big difference between using window type from 2022 till 2030 and if we stop its sales and replace by an efficient one of split AC type in energy consumption in addition to CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction and decreasing of energy cost, hence our kingdom can save petroleum raw materials and keeping the environment to become clean from pollutants so that these resources are delivered to successive generations correct and clean as we received them from those before us.展开更多
Objective: To assess the actual practical attitude and knowledge of dental implants among senior dental students and general dentists graduated from some Saudi and Non-Saudi dental schools. Methods: A total of 300 sen...Objective: To assess the actual practical attitude and knowledge of dental implants among senior dental students and general dentists graduated from some Saudi and Non-Saudi dental schools. Methods: A total of 300 senior dental students and general dentists participated in the study. Hard copies of the self-designed, multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to all participants. The questionnaire consisted of 31 questions in five parts. Data were collected and analyzed using Chi-square test and t-test, where p Results: There is a statistically significant relationship between the participants’ answers, and their dental schools. Participants’ general knowledge, training, and teaching of dental implants, as well as information about restorations retained for the dental implants, were higher among participants from Saudi dental schools than participants from non-Saudi dental schools, while the information about dental implants was higher among participants from non-Saudi dental schools than participants from Saudi dental schools. Conclusion: We conclude that the actual practical attitude and knowledge of dental implants among participants in the current study was insufficient. Therefore, dental implant education in the undergraduate curricula of dental schools surveyed should be updated to include teaching, laboratory training, and preclinical and clinical training.展开更多
A VM （value management） approach was developed that better suits the culture and the context of the SPS （Saudi Public Sector）. This approach provided a comprehensive assessment of VM at institutional, organization...A VM （value management） approach was developed that better suits the culture and the context of the SPS （Saudi Public Sector）. This approach provided a comprehensive assessment of VM at institutional, organizational and project levels. This paper illustrates the procedures that were used to validate the developed VM approach. For the institutional and organizational levels, the VM approach was validated by conducting telephone interviews with three experts from three organizations that use VM and with two senior managers from the MOF （Ministry of Finance）. Mainly, it was found that the MOF should be supported by experts to set up a centre of excellence that can set VM policy, guidelines and standards for the promotion of VM in the SPS, in order to ensure achieving value for money spent in SPS projects. The developed VM approach, as it would be applied at the project level, was presented to 11 experts, all of whom completed a validation questionnaire and presented their comments. Subsequently, the questionnaires were analyzed and the VM approach was amended to reflect the inputs provided by these experts. It was concluded that VM should be applied at least twice on SPS projects. Firstly, it is to review and structure strategic and project briefs to sort out soft issues, and secondly, it is to optimize project designs and sort out hard issues.展开更多
This paper explores the convergence of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 with the increasing dependence on the Internet for educational purposes. It sheds light on the potential cybersecurity risks and how parental percepti...This paper explores the convergence of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 with the increasing dependence on the Internet for educational purposes. It sheds light on the potential cybersecurity risks and how parental perception impacts children’s willingness to adapt cybersecurity features. By instilling the significance of cybersecurity awareness in early stages, society can provide children with the necessary skills to navigate the digital realm responsibly. As we progress, ongoing research and collaborative endeavors will be pivotal in formulating effective strategies to shield the digital generation from the potential pitfalls of the virtual realm. Regular Internet usage is essential for various purposes such as communication, education, and leisure. The cohorts of Generation Z and Alpha were born during a period of exponential Internet growth, leading them to heavily engage with the Internet. Consequently, they are equally vulnerable to cybersecurity threats just like adults. Addressing potential security risks for today’s youth becomes the responsibility of parents as the primary line of defense. This research focuses on raising awareness about the imperative of ensuring children’s safety in the online sphere, particularly by their parents. The study is conducted within the specific context of Saudi Arabia, aiming to examine how Saudi parents’ perception of cybersecurity influences their children’s cyber safety. The study identifies critical factors, including attitudes towards cybersecurity, awareness of cybersecurity, and prevailing social norms regarding cybersecurity. These factors contribute to the development of parents’ intention to prioritize cybersecurity, which consequently affects their children’s behaviors in the digital realm. Utilizing a quantitative approach based on a questionnaire, the study employs a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework to analyze the collected data. The study’s findings underscore that parents’ intent towards cybersecurity plays a significant role in shaping their children’s behavior concerning cyber safety.展开更多
Background:COVID-19 put the global health system in a disastrous situation.Nursing plays a vital role in healthcare services.The ratio of burnout increased during this period.In the context of Saudi Arabia,nurses’whe...Background:COVID-19 put the global health system in a disastrous situation.Nursing plays a vital role in healthcare services.The ratio of burnout increased during this period.In the context of Saudi Arabia,nurses’whether these are Saudi or non-Saudi the burnout due to emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,and personal accomplishment,the situation of burnout could be there.It is,therefore,important to understand the phenomenon of nurse burnout and the factors that contribute to it.This study aims to understand burnout among nurses and the factors that affect nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:The design of this study was quantitative cross-sectional and correlational.This study population included 255 nurses working in the King Abdulaziz hospital,Makkah,in 2021.Self-administered questionnaire(google forms)was distributed through email and WhatsApp.Statistical analysis system version 9.4 for data analysis and reporting.Result:Most of the nurse participants were in the age range 31-40,were females and were Saudi nationals.A Chi-square analysis showed a significant burnout level on the sub-scale of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment,while a partial burnout level was observed on the sub-scale of depersonalization.The level of burnout was higher and more significant among Saudi nurses compared to non-Saudi nationals.The impact of demographic variables on burnout showed that nationality,level of education,and duty type were the most influential and significant variables in burnout among Saudi and non-Saudi nurses.Conclusion:The findings indicated that nurses’burnout is higher during COVID-19 and is closely related to their working hours.In addition,when nurses are more nervous and depressed,a higher level of burnout will be witnessed.Since depression and frustration are influenced by working hours,attention should be given to this factor,focusing on interventions to alleviate the causes that lead to nurses’burnout.展开更多
The current study aimed at evaluating the capabilities of seven advanced machine learning techniques(MLTs),including,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline(MARS),Artifici...The current study aimed at evaluating the capabilities of seven advanced machine learning techniques(MLTs),including,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline(MARS),Artificial Neural Network(ANN),Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA),Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA),and Naive Bayes(NB),for landslide susceptibility modeling and comparison of their performances.Coupling machine learning algorithms with spatial data types for landslide susceptibility mapping is a vitally important issue.This study was carried out using GIS and R open source software at Abha Basin,Asir Region,Saudi Arabia.First,a total of 243 landslide locations were identified at Abha Basin to prepare the landslide inventory map using different data sources.All the landslide areas were randomly separated into two groups with a ratio of 70%for training and 30%for validating purposes.Twelve landslide-variables were generated for landslide susceptibility modeling,which include altitude,lithology,distance to faults,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),landuse/landcover(LULC),distance to roads,slope angle,distance to streams,profile curvature,plan curvature,slope length(LS),and slope-aspect.The area under curve(AUC-ROC)approach has been applied to evaluate,validate,and compare the MLTs performance.The results indicated that AUC values for seven MLTs range from 89.0%for QDA to 95.1%for RF.Our findings showed that the RF(AUC=95.1%)and LDA(AUC=941.7%)have produced the best performances in comparison to other MLTs.The outcome of this study and the landslide susceptibility maps would be useful for environmental protection.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the prevalence of different intestinal parasitic infections among male primary schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa,Saudi Arabia,and to explore the possible relative socioeconomic, environmental and beha...Objective:To investigate the prevalence of different intestinal parasitic infections among male primary schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa,Saudi Arabia,and to explore the possible relative socioeconomic, environmental and behavioural sanitary correlates.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed.A total of 1 289 male students aged from 7 to 12 years were selected randomly from 20 urban and 12 rural primary schools by multistage sampling method. Data collection was carried out by self administered questionnaire form to the parents/guardians of students and included inquires about socio-demographics,environmental conditions,and behavioural sanitary habits.Stool analysis was carried out to examine the presence of intestinal parasitic infections.Results:Overall prevalence of parasitic infections was 27.2%,more among rural students.Frequently encountered infections included Entamoeba histolytica/dispar(8.2%), Giardia lamblia(6.5%),Entamoeba coli(4.0%) and Enterobius vermicularis(1.6%).Logistic regression revealed that lower maternal educational level and occupational status,low family income,big family size,poor personal hygienic practices and positive history of previous intestinal infections among family members increased the likelihood of infections.Conclusions: Although of low magnitude,intestinal parasitic infections still represent a public health concern among male schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa region.Socio-demographic and poor personal hygienic habits are the main predictors for these infections.展开更多
AIM： To identify the most common hepatitis B virus （HBV） genob/pe in Saudi Arabia, and correlate the prevailing genob/pes with the clinical outcome of patients. METHODS： Patients were consecutively recruited from ...AIM： To identify the most common hepatitis B virus （HBV） genob/pe in Saudi Arabia, and correlate the prevailing genob/pes with the clinical outcome of patients. METHODS： Patients were consecutively recruited from the hepatology clinics of two tertiary care referral centers. Patients were categorized into 4 different groups： group 1, patients with hepatitis B and normal liver enzymes; group 2, patients with hepatitis B and abnormal liver enzymes but without cirrhosis; group 3, patients with hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis; group 4, patients with hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma. All patients had a positive hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg）. Genob/ping of HBV was performed by nested PCR-mediated amplification of the target sequence and hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotides. RESULTS： Seventy patients were enrolled in this study. They were predominantly male （72.9%） in their midforty＇s （mean age 47 years）. Forty-nine （70%） patients were hepatitis B envelope antigen （HBeAg） negative. The majority of patients （64%） acquired HBV through unknown risk factors. Hepatitis B genob/ping revealed that 57 patients （81.4%） were genob/pe D, 1 patient （1.4%） had genob/pe A, 1 patient （1.4%） had genotype C, and 4 patients （5.7%） had genob/pe E, while 7 patients （10%） had mixed genob/pe （4 patients ADG, 1 patient DE, 1 patient DF, and 1 patient ADFG）. Based on univariate analysis of genob/pe D patients, significant predictors of advanced liver disease were age, gender, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, albumin,bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase （all P 〈 0.001）. In multivariate analysis decreased hemoglobin （r = -0.05; 95% CI： -0.08 to -0.03; P = 0.001） and albumin levels （r = -0.004; 95% CI： -0.007 to -0.001; P = 0.002） were highly significant predictors of advanced liver disease. In patients with HBV genotype D, HBeAg negativity was found to increase across advancing stages of liver disease （P = 0.024）. CONCLUSION： This study highlights that the vast majority of Saudi patients with chronic hepatitis B have genotype D. No correlation could be observed between the different genotypes and epidemiological or clinical factors. The relationship between genotype D and HBeAg status in terms of disease severity needs to be further elucidated in larger longitudinal studies.展开更多
Objective:To detect Coxiella burnetii(C.burnetii)DNA in clinical specimens from camel,goats,cattle and sheep in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods:A total of 367 clinical samples including blood,milk,faeces and urine...Objective:To detect Coxiella burnetii(C.burnetii)DNA in clinical specimens from camel,goats,cattle and sheep in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods:A total of 367 clinical samples including blood,milk,faeces and urine were collected from different livestock and subjected to PCR amplification using primers which amplify transposon-like region and transposase gene.Results:Positive amplification from both regions was obtained from camel,goats and cattle but not from sheep.A percentage of 10.8%samples yielded positive PCR amplification from both blood and milk,where 15 of 139 blood and 16 of 148 milk samples were positive.Faeces and urine showed higher percentages of positive samples reaching 40.8%and 23.8%respectively.Conclusions:The preferred route of shedding in camel appeared to be the faeces followed by urine,while that of goats appeared to be the faeces and that of the cattle appeared to be the milk.展开更多
文摘Since modern Saudi novel vividly captures the essence of cultural and social life in Saudi Arabia,this paper aims to unveil the manifestation of historical events that generated new issues and discourses shaping modern Saudi culture and society as depicted in Aziz Mohammed’s The Critical Case of a Man Called K(2021).The examination of its cultural and social context,thus,serves as an evaluation of a historical record that depicts the episteme of modern Saudi society.However,as ample as previous works on Saudi literature may be,most of them disregard the use of New Historicism in examining modern Saudi novels.This paper,therefore,utilizes New Historicism to unveil the nature of modern Saudi episteme as depicted by the young author Aziz Mohammed in The Critical Case of a Man Called K(2021)and to gain insight into modern Saudi discourses and issues shaped by historical and economic events.The study finds that the novel depicts a dystopian reality due to the implications of both late capitalism and globalization in modern Saudi Arabia.Furthermore,the novel highlights how far the discourse of Saudi Vision 2030,with its various aims,penetrates both society and culture,shaping a great part of modern Saudi episteme.The paper concludes by affirming Mohammed’s novel assertion of New Historicism’s main assumption that the text cannot be divorced from its historical,cultural,and social context and that it serves as a record indicative of a specific and unique episteme.
文摘This research addresses a vital aspect of corporate sustainability by exploring the impact of ESG disclosures on the performance of petrochemical companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange.Focusing on the period from 2020 to 2022,it provides critical insights into how ESG practices contribute to achieving organizational sustainability goals while enhancing financial performance.The study evaluates the relationship between ESG disclosures and key financial efficiency measures,including ROA,ROE,ROS,and ROI.A quantitative analysis was conducted on 153 observations using panel regression and descriptive statistics,incorporating control variables such as firm size,financial leverage,and audit quality to isolate the specific impact of ESG disclosure.The findings reveal a positive relationship between ESG reporting and financial performance,emphasizing the dual role of ESG practices in driving financial success and fostering sustainable development.The study highlights the importance of unified,standardized ESG reporting guidelines to enhance the validity and usability of ESG practices.It also underscores the need to educate investors about the financial implications of ESG,as informed investors are more likely to champion sustainable business strategies.Additionally,the research advocates for targeted workshops aimed at financial report developers to improve the quality and effectiveness of ESG reporting.It provides a valuable contribution to the evolving discourse on sustainable finance.It offers practical recommendations for policymakers,organizations,and investors,thereby fostering the integration of ESG principles into corporate strategies.
文摘Objectives:Nurses working in critical care units may encounter substantial work-related strain,and elevated levels of stress can lead to burnout,ultimately impacting both the quality of nursing care and their overall working experience.This study aimed to assess job burnout and determine the factors that contribute to it among critical care nurses in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Methods:This study employed a descriptive,exploratory,cross-sectional research design.A total of 220 nurses employed in the critical care units of 5 private hospitals in the eastern region were selected for participation in this study using a convenience sample method.An electronic survey was distributed to critical care nurses in the Eastern Province who satisfied the specified inclusion criteria.The job burnout questionnaire utilized in this study was derived from previously conducted research,which has been established as a reliable and valid survey instrument.The process of data analysis was conducted utilizing the SPSS program.The scientific research conducted on human subjects adhered rigorously to all ethical considerations.Results:The highest percentage of nurses at the critical care units reported experiencing moderate levels of job burnout.Nurses exhibiting greater levels of professional experience demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in overall burnout scores when compared to their less experienced counterparts.Furthermore,within the realm of sociodemographic factors,it was found that the only significant independent predictor for job burnout was the level of experience among critical care nurses.Conclusions:The prevalence of burnout among nurses in critical care settings was found to be significant,with most participants reporting moderate levels of burnout which can yield significant ramifications for nurses and healthcare professionals.Consequently,healthcare organizations must accord primacy to the welfare of their staff and adopt proactive strategies to mitigate job burnout.
文摘Coronavirus is a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused by a novel coronavirus belonging to the family Coronaviridae. The disease was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. A few months later, the disease spread all over the world and became an epidemic. The infection for most people is mild to moderate but in Vulnerable groups, if they have the infections, they might experience severe COVID-19. Saudi Arabia initiated its response plan early, and all sectors and agencies worked in an integrated way to combat the disease. It has maintained proper communication during the pandemic and ensured community involvement, epidemiologic surveillance, and activation of rapid response teams. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected daily lives. Schools and daycares were closed, education was online, traveling stopped, work was suspended, gathering in social activities and practicing religious rituals, like praying or doing Umrah or Hajj, were banded. Changing lifestyles as a response to COVID-19 impacted whole communities with different categories of children, parents, and families. Women usually take the majority of daily responsibilities. The sudden change in lifestyle during COVID-19 put pressure on mothers, especially those who are working to balance work and family obligations. This study aims to identify the impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 on working mothers in Saudi Arabia. Method: Data of the study was collected through survey posted on social media and analyzed through Excel. It focuses on five aspects: health, lifestyle, social relations, work production and financial status. Our target population was working mothers in Saudi Arabia aged at least 25 years. Results: In this study, all factors affected working mothers categorized under two groups: Social Economic Status and Work suspension. For Social Economic Status factors, we find five factors which are monthly income, main breadwinner, number of children at school age, type of housing, and type of work. Almost all mothers include spiritual activities to their routine to cope with stress during this period. About half of our sample have negative impact on their mental health because they are the main breadwinner, and mothers with a smaller number of children at school age have more challenges to cope up. We found that mothers who own a house or work at governmental sector have better outcome of health. After analyzing data related to Work suspension, we found that mothers who have work support have better management for life circumstances, however their health outcomes were negatively affected. In addition, mothers working at education sector have the highest positive impact among other sectors. Our data shows that working mothers’ abilities to follow up with their children decreased. This study recommends that there is need to invest more in working mothers’ research and supportive programs and ensure collaboration globally to address working mothers’ needs and share experiences.
基金funded by the Scientific ResearchDeanship at theUniversity ofHa’il-Saudi Arabia through project number-RG-23251.
文摘This review aims to analyze the development and impact of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in the context of Saudi Arabia’s public healthcare system to fulfill Vision 2030 objectives.It is extensively devoted to AI technology deployment relevant to disease management,healthcare delivery,epidemiology,and policy-making.However,its AI is culturally sensitive and ethically grounded in Islam.Based on the PRISMA framework,an SLR evaluated primary academic literature,cases,and practices of Saudi Arabia’s AI implementation in the public healthcare sector.Instead,it categorizes prior research based on how AI can work,the issues it poses,and its implications for the Kingdom’s healthcare system.The Saudi Arabian context analyses show that AI has increased the discreet prediction of diseases,resource management,and monitoring outbreaks during mass congregations such as hajj.Therefore,the study outlines critical areas for defining the potential for artificial intelligence and areas for enhancing digital development to support global healthcare progress.The key themes emerging from the review include Saudi Arabia:(i)the effectiveness of AI with human interaction for sustainable health services;(ii)conditions and quality control to enhance the quality of health care services using AI;(iii)environmental factors as influencing factors for public health care;(iv)Artificial Intelligence,and advanced decision-making technology for Middle Eastern health care systems.For policymakers,healthcare managers,and researchers who will engage with AI innovation,the review proclaims that AI applications should respect the country’s socio-cultural and ethical practices and pave the way for sustainable healthcare provision.More empirical research is needed on the implementation issues with AI,creating culturally appropriate models of AI,and finding new applications of AI to address the increasing demand for healthcare services in Saudi Arabia.
文摘BACKGROUND Dysphagia requires prompt evaluation but data regarding referral-to-assessment intervals and its association with outcomes in tertiary care are scarce,especially in Saudi Arabia.AIM To investigate the assessment and outcome of consecutive dysphagia referrals to a tertiary gastroenterology practice.METHODS This retrospective single-center study analyzed 207 consecutive dysphagia referrals to King Saud Medical City(2022-2023).Data collection included referral timelines,diagnostic investigations,etiologies and outcomes.Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 28.0,employing χ^(2) tests and analysis of variance,with P<0.05 considered statistically significant.RESULTS Total 168 patients included in this study(mean age 45.7±17.7 years,50% male),referral delays>2 weeks occurred in 44%for clinical assessment and 50%for endoscopy.Gastroesophageal reflux disease was most common(45.2%),followed by eosinophilic esophagitis(14.8%)and malignancy(6.5%).Patients receiving endoscopy within 2 weeks showed an 84.6%improvement,compared to 76.0%with delayed referral(P=0.012).All malignant cases were referred within 2 weeks,compared to 52.7% of non-malignant cases(P=0.013).However,67%of the malignant cases worsened,and 33%died.CONCLUSION Early endoscopy within 2 weeks provides significant benefit.Optimised management of dysphagia should consist of more direct referral pathways.
基金approved by the Regional Research Ethics Committee,Qassim Province,Saudi Arabia.Number(607-45-12634).
文摘BACKGROUND:In-flight medical emergencies(IMEs)present significant challenges to healthcare professionals,particularly those with limited training or experience in managing such situations.The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors of licensed doctors in Saudi Arabia concerning IMEs,and to identify the demographic factors influencing their preparedness.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 383 licensed physicians across five regions of Saudi Arabia.Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing demographics,knowledge of IMEs,attitudes towards providing assistance,and previous experience with in-flight emergencies.Data were analyzed using SPSS 26,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:The results revealed a predominantly young(75.8% aged 25-34 years)and male(69.6%)participant pool.While 76.6% of respondents recognized the impact of cabin pressure on oxygen,only 45.4% correctly identified air travel risks for asthmatic patients.Although 66.8% felt confident assisting in IMEs,20.9% cited medicolegal concerns.Moreover,area of working within Saudi Arabia(P=0.020),year of experience(P=0.041),prior experience with IMEs(P=0.021),and IMEs training(P<0.001)had a significant association with levels of knowledge.CONCLUSION:The study highlights a critical need for enhanced training programs with a focus on the management of IMEs among healthcare practitioners in Saudi Arabia.
文摘BACKGROUND Hip dysplasia is a widespread and debilitating musculoskeletal disorder that affects children.Its prevalence varies across different nations.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of developmental hip dysplasia(DDH)within the pediatric population of Al Jouf province.METHODS From January 2018 to December 2023,children with DDH from all cities of Al Jouf were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study.The disease prevalence was calculated for the entire province as well as for individual cities within the territory.RESULTS The study included 427 patients with DDH with an overall prevalence of 0.50%,or 5.0 per 1000 live births.At the city level,Sakaka had the highest prevalence at 14.2 per 1000 Live births followed by Qurayyat at 2.2 per 1000 live births.In contrast,cities like Suwayr,Abu Ajram,and Meegowa did not show any incidence of DDH.Significant differences were observed in the sociodemographic characteristics,such as age,sex,and nationality,across the different cities(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The prevalence of DDH in the Al Jouf province is high.The data delivers invaluable insights into the epidemiology of DDH in the Al Jouf locality.The findings highlight the need for targeted screening of DDH across the province.
文摘As it leads to a significant transformation under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative,artificial intelligence(AI)is changing the course of corporate systems,including financial reporting.This research examines the role of AI in advancing financial reporting quality(FRQ)in the Kingdom’s evolving movement toward improved economy and governance.Using qualitative methodology informed by semi-structured interviews with senior finance leaders,auditors,and regulatory professionals in key sectors,the study reveals rich details about how AI technologies can-and will-be realized today,and how they can effectively improve reporting accuracy,timeliness,transparency,and regulatory compliance.The study helpfully outlines several dimensions where,as sworn,AI is advancing FRQ by automating a range of complicated data-intensive tasks,examining and identifying irregularities,and contributing to real-time decision making.Participants explained that AI would reinforce FRQ by ensuring ethical and transparent governance and enabling investment in co-human collaborative decision-making.The findings relate to agency and stakeholder theories.The research supports the notion that AI reduces information asymmetry and builds trust with investors and regulators.This study adds to a small number of qualitative studies on AI and financial governance in emerging economies and has important implications for policymakers,corporate actors,and standard setters.Moreover,it demonstrates the requirement for a collaborative national AI governance approach to ensure optimized value under the full potential of digital transformation and financial reporting standards.Future studies may explore longitudinal or cross-country comparative studies to further develop these insights and understanding.
基金Supported by KAU Endowment(WAQF)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia.
文摘BACKGROUND Cancer survivorship is a growing concern globally,yet few studies have explored the quality of life(QoL)outcomes among survivors in the Middle East,particularly in Saudi Arabia.AIM To assess QoL using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF(WHOQOL-BREF)and to evaluate the impact of demographic and clinical factors among Saudi cancer survivors.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 102 adult cancer survivors recruited from a tertiary hospital in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia.Participants completed the WHOQOLBREF,which assesses four QoL domains,including physical health,psychological health,social relationships,and environment.Univariate and multivariable robust linear regression models(Huber estimator)were used to identify QoL score predictors,adjusted for key sociodemographic and clinical variables.RESULTS The mean participant age was 44.5 years;72.5%of the participants were female.The mean domain scores were as follows:physical health was 3.05±0.53,psychological health was 3.56±0.79,social relationships was 3.39±0.84,and environment was 3.29±0.74.Socioeconomic and social vulnerability factors,including low income,rental housing,widowed/divorced marital status,and lower education,were independently associated with poorer QoL scores.Residents in rural settings had significantly lower scores in all domains.CONCLUSION Our findings reveal noticeable disparities in QoL among Saudi cancer survivors driven by socioeconomic and demographic factors.These insights underscore the need for context-sensitive survivorship programs in Saudi Arabia,with special attention to social support,mental health,and economic stability.
文摘Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS),a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women,has substantial physical and psychological impacts.While the physical manifestations of PCOS are well established,the psychological burden,especially anxiety,is understudied in Saudi Arabia.This study aimed to assess the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among females with PCOS compared to those without PCOS,and to identify the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with anxiety in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2023 using an Arabic self-administered online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms.The study recruited 410 reproductive-age females(≥18 years)from the Jazan region using convenience sampling.The questionnaire encompassed socio-demographic characteristics,economic indicators,medical history,PCOS symptoms,and the validated Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)assessment tool.Results The prevalence of PCOS in the study population was 22.44%.Women with PCOS showed significantly higher anxiety levels compared to controls without PCOS(32.61%vs.22.33%).Biochemical hyperandrogenism was the strongest predictor of anxiety(OR=4.179).Menstrual irregularities demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship with anxiety risk,wherein participants with 2–3 months and≥3 months of amenorrhea had 2.5-and 3.3-times higher odds of anxiety compared to those with regular cycles(OR=2.451 and 3.314).Other PCOS-related dermatological manifestations were also associated with increased anxiety,including hirsutism(OR=1.745),alopecia(OR=2.285)and acne(OR=1.723).Marital status was a significant factor,with divorced/widowed females having 4.4-fold higher anxiety odds compared to single females(OR=4.371).Conclusion PCOS presents a significant psychological burden in Saudi women,with anxiety prevalence higher than the general population.The robust associations between PCOS manifestations and anxiety emphasize the need for integrated healthcare approaches that address both endocrine and mental health aspects.Routine psychological screening and support services should be incorporated into PCOS management protocols.
文摘This paper will provide a proposed solution for saving energy consumption due to residential air conditioners by reducing the window air conditioners type which is the most consumed energy and has a big percent of spreading inside KSA than the split type, also it will discuss some restrictions for trading and manufacturing of air conditioner devices inside KSA besides some restrictions on market and buildings to achieve the objective of reducing the consumption of energy which become a big trend in kingdom vision 2030. The results of this suggesting solution will help the decision-makers to start its plan for execution as it has a big difference between using window type from 2022 till 2030 and if we stop its sales and replace by an efficient one of split AC type in energy consumption in addition to CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction and decreasing of energy cost, hence our kingdom can save petroleum raw materials and keeping the environment to become clean from pollutants so that these resources are delivered to successive generations correct and clean as we received them from those before us.
文摘Objective: To assess the actual practical attitude and knowledge of dental implants among senior dental students and general dentists graduated from some Saudi and Non-Saudi dental schools. Methods: A total of 300 senior dental students and general dentists participated in the study. Hard copies of the self-designed, multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to all participants. The questionnaire consisted of 31 questions in five parts. Data were collected and analyzed using Chi-square test and t-test, where p Results: There is a statistically significant relationship between the participants’ answers, and their dental schools. Participants’ general knowledge, training, and teaching of dental implants, as well as information about restorations retained for the dental implants, were higher among participants from Saudi dental schools than participants from non-Saudi dental schools, while the information about dental implants was higher among participants from non-Saudi dental schools than participants from Saudi dental schools. Conclusion: We conclude that the actual practical attitude and knowledge of dental implants among participants in the current study was insufficient. Therefore, dental implant education in the undergraduate curricula of dental schools surveyed should be updated to include teaching, laboratory training, and preclinical and clinical training.
文摘A VM （value management） approach was developed that better suits the culture and the context of the SPS （Saudi Public Sector）. This approach provided a comprehensive assessment of VM at institutional, organizational and project levels. This paper illustrates the procedures that were used to validate the developed VM approach. For the institutional and organizational levels, the VM approach was validated by conducting telephone interviews with three experts from three organizations that use VM and with two senior managers from the MOF （Ministry of Finance）. Mainly, it was found that the MOF should be supported by experts to set up a centre of excellence that can set VM policy, guidelines and standards for the promotion of VM in the SPS, in order to ensure achieving value for money spent in SPS projects. The developed VM approach, as it would be applied at the project level, was presented to 11 experts, all of whom completed a validation questionnaire and presented their comments. Subsequently, the questionnaires were analyzed and the VM approach was amended to reflect the inputs provided by these experts. It was concluded that VM should be applied at least twice on SPS projects. Firstly, it is to review and structure strategic and project briefs to sort out soft issues, and secondly, it is to optimize project designs and sort out hard issues.
文摘This paper explores the convergence of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 with the increasing dependence on the Internet for educational purposes. It sheds light on the potential cybersecurity risks and how parental perception impacts children’s willingness to adapt cybersecurity features. By instilling the significance of cybersecurity awareness in early stages, society can provide children with the necessary skills to navigate the digital realm responsibly. As we progress, ongoing research and collaborative endeavors will be pivotal in formulating effective strategies to shield the digital generation from the potential pitfalls of the virtual realm. Regular Internet usage is essential for various purposes such as communication, education, and leisure. The cohorts of Generation Z and Alpha were born during a period of exponential Internet growth, leading them to heavily engage with the Internet. Consequently, they are equally vulnerable to cybersecurity threats just like adults. Addressing potential security risks for today’s youth becomes the responsibility of parents as the primary line of defense. This research focuses on raising awareness about the imperative of ensuring children’s safety in the online sphere, particularly by their parents. The study is conducted within the specific context of Saudi Arabia, aiming to examine how Saudi parents’ perception of cybersecurity influences their children’s cyber safety. The study identifies critical factors, including attitudes towards cybersecurity, awareness of cybersecurity, and prevailing social norms regarding cybersecurity. These factors contribute to the development of parents’ intention to prioritize cybersecurity, which consequently affects their children’s behaviors in the digital realm. Utilizing a quantitative approach based on a questionnaire, the study employs a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework to analyze the collected data. The study’s findings underscore that parents’ intent towards cybersecurity plays a significant role in shaping their children’s behavior concerning cyber safety.
文摘Background:COVID-19 put the global health system in a disastrous situation.Nursing plays a vital role in healthcare services.The ratio of burnout increased during this period.In the context of Saudi Arabia,nurses’whether these are Saudi or non-Saudi the burnout due to emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,and personal accomplishment,the situation of burnout could be there.It is,therefore,important to understand the phenomenon of nurse burnout and the factors that contribute to it.This study aims to understand burnout among nurses and the factors that affect nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:The design of this study was quantitative cross-sectional and correlational.This study population included 255 nurses working in the King Abdulaziz hospital,Makkah,in 2021.Self-administered questionnaire(google forms)was distributed through email and WhatsApp.Statistical analysis system version 9.4 for data analysis and reporting.Result:Most of the nurse participants were in the age range 31-40,were females and were Saudi nationals.A Chi-square analysis showed a significant burnout level on the sub-scale of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment,while a partial burnout level was observed on the sub-scale of depersonalization.The level of burnout was higher and more significant among Saudi nurses compared to non-Saudi nationals.The impact of demographic variables on burnout showed that nationality,level of education,and duty type were the most influential and significant variables in burnout among Saudi and non-Saudi nurses.Conclusion:The findings indicated that nurses’burnout is higher during COVID-19 and is closely related to their working hours.In addition,when nurses are more nervous and depressed,a higher level of burnout will be witnessed.Since depression and frustration are influenced by working hours,attention should be given to this factor,focusing on interventions to alleviate the causes that lead to nurses’burnout.
文摘The current study aimed at evaluating the capabilities of seven advanced machine learning techniques(MLTs),including,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline(MARS),Artificial Neural Network(ANN),Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA),Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA),and Naive Bayes(NB),for landslide susceptibility modeling and comparison of their performances.Coupling machine learning algorithms with spatial data types for landslide susceptibility mapping is a vitally important issue.This study was carried out using GIS and R open source software at Abha Basin,Asir Region,Saudi Arabia.First,a total of 243 landslide locations were identified at Abha Basin to prepare the landslide inventory map using different data sources.All the landslide areas were randomly separated into two groups with a ratio of 70%for training and 30%for validating purposes.Twelve landslide-variables were generated for landslide susceptibility modeling,which include altitude,lithology,distance to faults,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),landuse/landcover(LULC),distance to roads,slope angle,distance to streams,profile curvature,plan curvature,slope length(LS),and slope-aspect.The area under curve(AUC-ROC)approach has been applied to evaluate,validate,and compare the MLTs performance.The results indicated that AUC values for seven MLTs range from 89.0%for QDA to 95.1%for RF.Our findings showed that the RF(AUC=95.1%)and LDA(AUC=941.7%)have produced the best performances in comparison to other MLTs.The outcome of this study and the landslide susceptibility maps would be useful for environmental protection.
基金supported by a grant from the Deanship of Scientific Research,King Faisal University
文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence of different intestinal parasitic infections among male primary schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa,Saudi Arabia,and to explore the possible relative socioeconomic, environmental and behavioural sanitary correlates.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed.A total of 1 289 male students aged from 7 to 12 years were selected randomly from 20 urban and 12 rural primary schools by multistage sampling method. Data collection was carried out by self administered questionnaire form to the parents/guardians of students and included inquires about socio-demographics,environmental conditions,and behavioural sanitary habits.Stool analysis was carried out to examine the presence of intestinal parasitic infections.Results:Overall prevalence of parasitic infections was 27.2%,more among rural students.Frequently encountered infections included Entamoeba histolytica/dispar(8.2%), Giardia lamblia(6.5%),Entamoeba coli(4.0%) and Enterobius vermicularis(1.6%).Logistic regression revealed that lower maternal educational level and occupational status,low family income,big family size,poor personal hygienic practices and positive history of previous intestinal infections among family members increased the likelihood of infections.Conclusions: Although of low magnitude,intestinal parasitic infections still represent a public health concern among male schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa region.Socio-demographic and poor personal hygienic habits are the main predictors for these infections.
基金Supported by a grant from the Research Center at the College ofMedicine, King Saud University, Riyadh
文摘AIM： To identify the most common hepatitis B virus （HBV） genob/pe in Saudi Arabia, and correlate the prevailing genob/pes with the clinical outcome of patients. METHODS： Patients were consecutively recruited from the hepatology clinics of two tertiary care referral centers. Patients were categorized into 4 different groups： group 1, patients with hepatitis B and normal liver enzymes; group 2, patients with hepatitis B and abnormal liver enzymes but without cirrhosis; group 3, patients with hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis; group 4, patients with hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma. All patients had a positive hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg）. Genob/ping of HBV was performed by nested PCR-mediated amplification of the target sequence and hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotides. RESULTS： Seventy patients were enrolled in this study. They were predominantly male （72.9%） in their midforty＇s （mean age 47 years）. Forty-nine （70%） patients were hepatitis B envelope antigen （HBeAg） negative. The majority of patients （64%） acquired HBV through unknown risk factors. Hepatitis B genob/ping revealed that 57 patients （81.4%） were genob/pe D, 1 patient （1.4%） had genob/pe A, 1 patient （1.4%） had genotype C, and 4 patients （5.7%） had genob/pe E, while 7 patients （10%） had mixed genob/pe （4 patients ADG, 1 patient DE, 1 patient DF, and 1 patient ADFG）. Based on univariate analysis of genob/pe D patients, significant predictors of advanced liver disease were age, gender, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, albumin,bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase （all P 〈 0.001）. In multivariate analysis decreased hemoglobin （r = -0.05; 95% CI： -0.08 to -0.03; P = 0.001） and albumin levels （r = -0.004; 95% CI： -0.007 to -0.001; P = 0.002） were highly significant predictors of advanced liver disease. In patients with HBV genotype D, HBeAg negativity was found to increase across advancing stages of liver disease （P = 0.024）. CONCLUSION： This study highlights that the vast majority of Saudi patients with chronic hepatitis B have genotype D. No correlation could be observed between the different genotypes and epidemiological or clinical factors. The relationship between genotype D and HBeAg status in terms of disease severity needs to be further elucidated in larger longitudinal studies.
基金supported by research grant(No.AT-30-296) from king Ahdulaziz city
文摘Objective:To detect Coxiella burnetii(C.burnetii)DNA in clinical specimens from camel,goats,cattle and sheep in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods:A total of 367 clinical samples including blood,milk,faeces and urine were collected from different livestock and subjected to PCR amplification using primers which amplify transposon-like region and transposase gene.Results:Positive amplification from both regions was obtained from camel,goats and cattle but not from sheep.A percentage of 10.8%samples yielded positive PCR amplification from both blood and milk,where 15 of 139 blood and 16 of 148 milk samples were positive.Faeces and urine showed higher percentages of positive samples reaching 40.8%and 23.8%respectively.Conclusions:The preferred route of shedding in camel appeared to be the faeces followed by urine,while that of goats appeared to be the faeces and that of the cattle appeared to be the milk.
